EFFECT OF HUMAN RELATIONS ON ORGANIZATIONAL PRODUCTIVITY [A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIAN INSTITUTE FOR TRYPANOSOMIASIS RESEARCH (NITR), KADUNA]

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ABSTRACT

The study was designed to find out the “Effect of Human Relations on Organizational Productivity in Nigerian Institute for Trypanosomiasis Research (NITR), Kaduna. To provide a theoretical base for the study, a review was made on the concept of human relations, development of human relations, importance of human relations in an organization as well as the qualities and principles of a good human relations practice. A sample size of 50 respondents from a population of 500, comprising of top, middle and low level management was used. A set of questionnaire which was divided into 5 variables was used to obtain data from the respondents; the use of mean score which is 3.00 as cut off point was utilized. One of the research questions asked was whether human relations is instrumental to the attainment of organizational goal. The researcher collected data and interpreted them after which chi-square was used to test the earlier stated hypothesis. Lastly, summary, conclusion and recommendations were made. One of the recommendations made was that managers should maintain good human relations so that goals can be achieved.

Findings from the study revealed that the relationship that exists among workers in organization, the effectiveness of human relations in an organization can enhance workers productivity, employees morale can be boosted on the job when there is a cordial relationship between the organization and its employees, and good human relations enhances job satisfaction in achieving organizational goals. Based on the findings, the researcher recommended that, low level workers should strive to perform better, to justify the good human relations and motivation existing in the organization, management staff and other senior workers in the organization should create conducive atmosphere to facilitate good human relations and teamwork for greater productivity. Also the organization should educate their workers on the importance of good human relations through workshops and seminars.

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study – – – – – – 1
Statement of the Problem – – – – – – 3
Objective of the Study – – – – – – – 4
Statement of Hypothesis – – – – – – 5
Significance of the Study – – – – – – 5
Scope of the Study – – – – – – – 6
Limitations of the Study – – – – – – 7
Historical Background of the Case Study – – – 7
Definition of Terms – – – – – – – 17

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

Conceptual Meanings of Human Relations – – – 19
Development of Human Relations – – – – 21
Hawthorne Studies and Human Relations – – – 23
Importance of the Hawthorne Experiment – – – 29
Human Relations in an Organization – – – – 34
Qualities of Good Human Relations Practice

in an Organization – – – – – – – 40

2.7 Principles of Good Human Relations Practice

in an Organization – – – – – – – 41

CHAPTER THREE

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research Design – – – – – – – 46
Research Population – – – – – – – 46
Sample Size and Sampling Technique – – – – 46
Methods of Gathering Data – – – – – – 47
Justification for the Method Used – – – – 47
Methods of Data Analysis – – – – – – 48
Justification for the Instrument Used – – – – 49

CHAPTER FOUR

DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS

Data Presentation and Analysis – – – – – 50
Test of Hypothesis – – – – – – – 62

CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary of Findings – – – – – – – 65
Conclusion – – – – – – – – – 66
Recommendations – – – – – – – 67

References – – – – – – – – – 69

Appendix

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The practice of Human Resource Management in its quest towards achieving success through people utilizes array of activities concerned with all aspects of how people are employed and managed in organizations. This approach tends to understand how psychological and social processes interacts with the work situation to influence performance. Human Relations is the first major approach to emphasis information work relationship and work satisfaction. Thus, Ezinwa and Agomon (1993) asserted that human relations encompasses the art and practice of using systematic knowledge of human behaviour to achieve organization and personal objectives. Organizations are made up of individuals, the immediate environment and the public that contributes to the success or failure of the organization.

Onasanya (1990) in similar vain believes that human relations, being a behavioral science which deals with inter-personal, inter-work group and management of employees relationship in a social system seems to be the only tool for organizational productivity and development. The reason is not far fetched since efforts of Elton Mayo and his research colleagues in the 1920s on behavioral approach to management succeeded to have yielded much more factual analysis in terms of the chicken-egg relationship between human relations and productivity in an organization.

Hicks and Byers (1982) in their contributions defined human relations as “the integration of people into a work situation in a way that motivates them to work together, productively and cooperatively with economic, psychological and social satisfaction”. This further confirms that paying attention to the human elements enhances greater productivity and performance.

Human relations is a definitive management function which helps to establish and maintain mutual line of communication, understanding, acceptance and cooperation between an organization and its human. It involves the management to keep opinions, defines, and as well emphasizes the responsibility of management to serve the human interest.

However, human relations has long attained professional status but it has been discovered that most organizations are not taking full advantage of its efficient utilization when dealing with their publics due to ignorance or improper understanding as to the effectiveness of the discipline to organizational success. Thus effect the need for this study in order to highlight the effect of human relations practice on organizational productivity.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMS

Inspite of the glaring importance of human relations in the realization of organizational goals, one still hears complaint of poor performance of both employees and employers in the organization even till this day. Beside, employees can resign from their appointments as a result of executive’s harshness and autocracy, employees having their appointment terminated due to poor performance or failure to perform, the organization may fold up because of low productivity, poor employees and employers relationship, inability to meet the organization’s set targets or mismanagement.

It is as a result of these trends that make it necessary for this study to address the following questions:

How effective is the practice of Human Relations system to the attainment of organizational goals?

Does Human Relations has any impact on worker’s performance?

Does Human Relations determine employees retention in the organization?

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

This study is intended to:

Find out the effects of human relations’ practice towards the achievement of organizational goals.

Examine whether human relations has an impact on…

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