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ASSESSMENT OF THE ROLE OF COOPERATIVE SOCIETIES IN POVERTY ALLEVIATION.

ASSESSMENT OF THE ROLE OF COOPERATIVE SOCIETIES IN POVERTY ALLEVIATION.

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  • INTRODUCTION
    • BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
    • OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
    • STATEMENT OF THE PRINCIPLES
    • DEFINITION OF TERRMS

This study investigates the Role of Cooperatives in Poverty Alleviation. The study was based in the Federal Radio Corporation of Nigeria Kaduna Multipurpose Cooperative Society. The research review the literatures of related study and were duly acknowledge. Data were collected through constructed questionnaire and interview methods comprising members of the study area. Using systematic sampling techniques. The perceptible equations and tabular illustrations were used to present data Obtained in the Study. Results obtained from the study suggested that members of the study area and the public benefit immensely from the activities of cooperative societies. Hence, cooperatives help to alleviate poverty amongst its members.

CHAPTER ONE

1.0       Introduction         –        –        –        –        –        –        –        –        1

1.1    Background of the study      –        –        –        –        –        –        5

1.2       Historical background of the study area          –        –        –        –        6

1.3       Statement of the Problem    –        –        –        –        –        –        7

1.4       Objective of the study           —       –        –        –        –        –        –        8

1.5       Significance of the study      –        –        –        –        –        –        9

1.6       Research Question     –        –        –        –        –        –        –        10

1.7       Scope of the study      —       –        –        –        –        –        –        11

1.8       Operational Definition of term       –        –        –        –        –        11

 

CHAPTER TWO: Literature Review

2.1       Introduction         –        –        –        –        –        –        –        –        13

2.2    Cooperative Development Exposure     –        –        –        –        16

2.3    Poverty      –        —       –        –        –        –        –        –        –        17

2.4       Nigeria’s Poverty Situation   –        –        –        –        –        –        18

2.5       Poverty Alleviation in Nigeria         –        –        –        –        –        20

2.6       Cooperative A tool for Promoting Desert

Work and reducing poverty  –        –        –        –        –        –        23

CHAPTER THREE: Research Methodology

3.1       Introduction         –        –        –        –        –        –        –        –        28

3.2       Research Design        –        –        –        –        –        –        –        28

3.3       Population Sample      –        –        —       –        –        –        –        28

3.4       Sample size        –        –        –        –        –        –        –        –        29

3.4.1 Justification for the sample size    –        –        –        –        –        29

3.5       Sample Technique      –        –        –        –        –        –        –        29

3.5.1  Justification for the sampling Technique        –        –        –        –        30

3.6       Research Instruments –        –        –        –        –        –        –        30

3.7       Method of Data presentation and statistical analysis –     –        30

3.8       Limitations of the study        –        –        –        –        –        –        –        31

 

CHAPTER FOUR: Data Presentation And Analysis

4.1       Introduction         –        –        –        –        –        –        –        –        32

4.2       Presentation Analysis Based on respondents bio data    –        32

4.3       Data Analysis Based on questionnaire –        –        –        –        35

 

CHAPTER FIVE: Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation

5.1    Summary   –        –        –        –        –        –        –        –        –        44

5.2       Conclusion         –        –        –        –        –        –        –        –        45

5.3       Recommendation        –        –        –        –        –        –        –        46

Reference –        –        –        –        –        –        –        –        –        48

Appendix I –        –        –        –        –        –        –        –        –        49

Appendix II         –        –        –        –        –        –        –        –        –        50

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

From the beginning of mankind, man has been engaged in a continuous battle to liberate himself from the shackle condition of life called poverty. Consider the following situation.

 

  1. A destitute is begging for alms at Public Park to buy food from a nearby food stand.
  2. A young university trained professional lost her job a few months ago and her bills are mounting because she is still employed.
  3. An investor is unable to pay his children’s school fees this semester because his expected earning from investments did not materialize.
  4. A millionaire needs to take tranquilizer every night because he cannot sleeps without them.

 

Which of these four people would you consider poor? A is both income poor and socially deprived. B may not be socially deprived. Being well educated but she is income poor, being educated but she is income poor, being out of employment. C is cash poor, but only for a short time because he can convert has investment into cash if necessary. D is not poor by any material standards but he is spirit poor because money cannot buy him a sound sleep.

 

In general, a discussion of poverty as a socio – economic issues is limited mainly to the situations covered in A and B above. But cooperative’s pride themselves as “enterprises” with a soul” will target all four cases.

 

The definition and measurement of poverty can be quite elusive. It varies from place to place and from time to time. Poverty is a condition of life so degraded by disease, illiteracy malnutrition as it denies the basic human necessities. It is therefore difficult to give a precise definition of poverty. But the poor society in terms of their economic, cultural Social and psychological condition. In an attempt to attack this chronic disease (poverty) the basic problems of development should be redefined as a selective attack on the worst form of poverty.

 

Developmental goals must be defined in terms of the progressive reduction and eventually elimination of malnutrition, diseases, illiteracy, unemployment and inequality. Once again the relationship between poverty and development is clear. Where there is abundant poverty there is little or no development. After all, the process of development itself is geared towards the elimination of poverty and inequality in order to give room for a better life for mankind.

 

Cooperatives societies which is primarily to alleviate poverty among people because the purpose of incorporating the society is to meet the common felt needs of the members and the general public on social and economic needs as well as cultural aspirations of the individual thereby complementing the efforts of the government towards the alleviation of poverty in the society. Cooperatives is aimed at receiving the policies towards alleviating of poverty in the society in terms of their economic, cultural, social and psychological condition of both members and the general public. Over the years cooperatives has made efforts in reducing the poor standards of living of the poor masses in the society. Hence the importance of Cooperatives towards the alleviation of poverty can not be over emphasized; it can be summarized in the following succeeding lines:

  1. Cooperatives encourage the poor in the society to save little money that may be encountered, so that they can conveniently solve the problems.
  2. Cooperatives create/open up viable avenue for the less privilege to benefit from government and any other credit outside their places of work in order to enable them solve immediate problems and other top benefit from them.
  3. Stimulation of economic growth through the engagement of semi skilled and unskilled labour in productive activities.
  4. Minimizing rural – Urban drift through the improvement of rural communities.
  5. Empowering the environment to arrest environmental deregulation.

 

Programme activities and strategies to achieve the objectives of cooperatives towards alleviation of poverty include.

  1. Cooperatives are trying to reduce the alarming rate of poverty through the provision of goods and services at a cheaper cost for the common average man to afford.
  2. Cooperatives help to prevent exploitation of the less privilege. By organizing workshop/seminars to educate areas that are yet to develop in terms of education, inadequate health centers, inadequate companies to work for their daily wages in order to better their lives and reduce the rate of poverty in the society.
  3. Empowering women and men to participate in decision that affect lives and that enables them to build their strengths and assets.

 

1.1    BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Nigeria like other developing countries have done a lot in terms of improving the standards of its citizens through the provision of employment, shelter, food supplies, basic infrastructural facilities, good education system and a conducive political and socio – economic environment. Of all these deep-rooted social and economic ills, the most frightening is poverty, it is alarming because it’s capacity of learning all social fabric and social values. Consequently, all attempt made to reduce poverty cannot be improved.

 

Nigeria, since independence has been battling on how to reduce poverty on its citizenry. In this regard, programmes, agencies. And a mission were drawn, instituted and formed to address this ugly issue or hydro – headed monster (poverty). We are all aware of the philosophies behind regional areas like the Northern Nigeria Development Cooperation (NNDC) Western Nigeria Development Cooperation (WNDC) and Eastern Nigeria Development Cooperation (ENDC).

All these cooperation were constructed for the purpose of giving soft loans for the developmental projects and other employment opportunities to the respective regions from the federal government and from the limited sources of their respective regional areas.

 

The introduction of cooperatives societies in Nigeria came about through the feasibility study of Mr. Strickland in his reported submitted in 1933 when the Nigeria government realized the significance of cooperative. This resulted to the formation of cooperative. Inspite of all these cooperation, agencies and societies have proved to be very potent in reducing the level of poverty in our society.

 

1.2       HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

Federal Radio Corporation of Nigeria (FRCN) Kaduna Multipurpose cooperative society was formed primarily to promote the general economic interest among its aimed at providing cash, kind and loan for necessary productive purpose with society as a means of income and with a reasonable convenient term of repayment. The multipurpose cooperatives society is formed to promote cooperatives spirit among its member and to work for the general improvement of the members living standard.

The cooperative society (FRCN) also engages in any meaningful business ventures or trading. Activities outsides the cooperative society so as to enhance the earnings of the society.

 

Finally federal Radio Corporation Radio Corporation multipurpose  cooperative society was formed to encourage the development of cooperatives movement in Nigeria

 

1.3    STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM.

Poverty as a figure disturbing the people or society are due to the fact that all governmental schemes to alleviate poverty has not been shown in the study area.

 

The unemployment situation in the society is at the increasing rate among the people due to the limitation of cooperatives awareness in the society. The people fail to know or understand what cooperative really means or is taking about. Due to the high population of Nigeria, which impose the problems of poverty as to no job opportunities in the societies.

 

Again despite all the effort of poverty alleviation by the cooperatives movement, there are obstacles that hinder people from participating and enjoying these economic developments. Such obstacles are: lack of adequate cooperative education or awareness and enlightenment amongst the populace as such people respond to cooperative movement very poor. Those who are actively involved in this movement of the cooperatives do not also fully enjoy the economic aspect of the movement, which is the foremost objective of cooperative. This is because of the lack or inadequate cooperative knowledge of its members. Also improper management by committee members of different societies.

 

This research work, will examine ways of solving the set aside problems that hinders the full participation and   enjoyment of the cooperative movement activities by its member, towards poverty alleviation and the betterment of their social –economic activities.

 

1.4    OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The objectives of the study are to find out whether cooperative societies can help in the alleviation of poverty. It is also an objective of the study to make comparison on findings from this exercise with previous studies on the same research topic, Again, the objective of the study is to examine if all cooperative principles is best applied in the cooperative societies.

It is equally an objective of the study to examine the extent of people’s involvement in cooperative particularly in the rural areas.

THE ROLE OF CENTRAL BANK OF NIGERIA PLC IN AGRICULTURAL FINANCE DEVELOPMENT PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS

THE ROLE OF CENTRAL BANK OF NIGERIA PLC IN AGRICULTURAL FINANCE DEVELOPMENT PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS

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ABSTRACT

The Role of Central Bank of Nigeria in Agricultural Finance Development, Problems and Prospects

The topic provide for conceptual frame work of the role played by the CBN in the development of Agricultural sector of the Nigeria economy as its primary purpose. Its secondary purpose is to assess the policies and program of CBN to the development of Agricultural Finance.

Data was collected from both primary and secondary sources. In the primary source I interviewed some farmers, officials of CBN while in the secondary data it was from annual time series of different duration on the program and policies of the institution.

The research showed the role played by the CBN in financing Agriculture in Nigeria by making funds available to farmers especially at the rural areas and granting of credit scheme funds to the farmers

Also the problem of ultracy by the farmers has posed a problem and government should make sure that extension workers are sent into the rural areas to educate the farmers.

 

TABLE OF CONTENT.

CHAPTER ONE

Introduction                                                                                           1

  • Background of the study 1
  • State of problems 7
  • Objectives of the study 9
  • Significance of the study 10
  • Hypothesis 11
  • Scope and limitation of the study 11
  • Definition of terms. 12

CHAPTER TWO

Review of Related Literature                                                                  16

2.1 Historical overview of Agriculture financing in Nigeria                  17

2.2 The importance of Agriculture                                                         19

2.3 Problems of Agriculture financing in Nigeria                                  20

2.4 The establishment of Central bank in Nigeria                                  22

2.5 The Major development programs and policies of

C.B.N in relation to Agricultural financing                                  26

2.6 The C.B.N and its objectives and functions.                                    39

2.7 The organizational structure of C.B.N

and its Agricultural finance development.                                    44

CHAPTER THREE

Research Design and Methodology                                                       48

3.1 Research methodology                                                                    48

3.2 Research Design                                                                              48

3.3 Area of study                                                                                   48

3.4 Sources of data                                                                                          49

3.5 Method of investigation                                                                   50

3.6 Method of data analysis                                                                   51

CHAPTER FOUR

Data Presentation and Analysis                                                              52

4.1 Introduction                                                                                     52

4.2 Analysis of responses to questionnaires                                           52

4.3 Testing of Hypothesis                                                                      58

CHAPTER FIVE

Summary of Findings, Recommendation and Conclusion                     64

5.1 Summary of findings                                                                       64

5.2 Recommendation                                                                             66

5.3 Conclusions                                                                                     67

          Bibliography                                                                                68

CHAPTER ONE

 

INTRODUCTION

1.1     BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Agriculture is defined as “the cultivation of land for the purpose of producing food for man, feed for animal and fibre or raw material for industrial companies.  It also includes the processing marketing of crops.  In other words, it embraces all activities involved in the primary and controlled production of plant and animals, such as fishing, forestry, farming, livestock, poultry and small scale industries connected with processing of agricultural products.

The agricultural sector forms the background of Nigeria economy dispite concerted effort in industrisation.  Agriculture occupies the pride place as the source of livelihood for over 70 percent of the population.  It is recognized as a pre-requisite to economic development.  With large scale dependence on agriculture for food, raw-material for industries etc, one would expect production to increase, rather it is disheartening to note that this is not the case.  Agriculture has suffered some neglects due to lack of investment since the inception of oil boom in 1970.  in fact, Nigeria is experiencing a dcline in the space of agricultural production in general, this situation is causing a great concern to the government.  Throughout the 1960s, Agriculture contributed 61.5%.  in the 1970s, it declined miserably be 2.3%.  this decline may be attributed to the domination of the nations export by oil since 1970 which accounted for 57.6% of total export income and rose steadily, attaining an overwhelming proportion of 98% in 1981.  as a result there was an absolute neglect in agriculture to both God (Gross Domestic Product) and export earnings which has been the major factor dictating the need to reactivate our agricultural products.  The need for this re-activaty and in effort to revamp this sector has been the reason for raising budgetary allocation in recent years to it.  It rose from 6% in 1970s to 22% in 1984.  this increase acts as incentive and motivation to farmers, but these farmers while engaging in these agricultural ventures are exposed to a lot of problem like diseases and pest attacks, fire destructions, industrial pollution, machinery breakdown and other problems.  To these problems, the farmers need some aids in solving or minimizing them.

Finance has been one of the most significant problems in the expansion of agricultural production.  This was as a result of the neglect of the agricultural sector following the oil boom of 1970s, when the oil sector become a major aspect of the Nigerian’s foreign exchange earning.  This contributed to the inadequate funding of the agricultural sector unlike before the boom.  Also the establishment of industries in the urban areas during the 1990 – 1994 National Development plan to boast industrialization drew the rural populace with constitute the farming population to urban cities for search of white color jobs.  A stage has reached, that average Nigerians are now underfed.  In the words of or P.N.C. Okigbo in 1990 “The average Nigerian consumed on the average, some 20.23 calories per day and 56.46 grammes of protein per day compared to the food and agricultural organization (FAO)minimum of 21.91 calaries and  53.8 grammmes of protein.  This the average Nigerian was and still, is among the worst fed in the world.

As a result of these situations; the successive Nigerian Governments showed concern over the decling situation of Agricultural production through policies and programmes aimed at revamping the agricultural production in attempt to encourage increase food production “The federal Government in 1993 tried the National Accelerated food production in programme (NAFPP) during the General Yakulu Gowon’s regime; Under the leadership of couneral Obasanjo, the Operation feed the Nation programme “(OFN) in 1976; Green Revolution came up under President Shehu Shagari and Rirectorate of food Road and Rural infrastructure under the regime of General Basangida regime.

 

Neither of these measures halted the Agricultural decline or any lasting effect on food production.  This is because “little or no meaningful attempt has been made to change the under developed status of the rural dwellers notwithstanding that these people constitute about 95 percent of the total population engaged in Agricultural in Nigeria.

It has been attributed that inadequate funding of agricultural project and programme has contributed in large measures to the government low production of Agriculture in Nigeria, and the government and other financial institutions forms the major sources of finance for Agriculture though policies and programmes.

Then what role and impact has the central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) as the bank at the apex of Nigeria Banking system, (Bank of last resort, bank to the government and Banker to other banks)” played to reinforce the government policies or revamp the agricultural sector of the economy.  The under – developed characteristic of the Nigerian economy has made the central Bank of Nigeria to be activity involved in the promotion of rapid economic development of other sector especially agriculture through its development roles unlike in developed economics where the role of central Bank is restricted to development of the financial system.

According to Dr Belshaw in his book entitled “Agricultural credit in economically under-developed countries he wrote that “in respect of agricultural credit, a central Bank has an important part to play by helping to establish, strengthen and promote the extension of commercial banking facilities and agricultural credit institutions.

Professor G. Nwankwo also wrote “it for instance mistaken to think and believe that only the functi

 

DEMOCRATIC CONTROL IN COOPERATIVE

DEMOCRATIC CONTROL IN COOPERATIVE

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CHAPTER ONE

1.1      BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Democratic Control are democratic organization controlled by their members, who actively participate in setting their policies and making decision.

 

Members are the source of all authority in cooperative, the basic unit in democratic control are the members. Decision in democratic control are made jointly by members irrespective of their financial consideration or position without any respect to the amount of shares or others capital interest that he may have in the society, will not make him have more vote/control than other members. The controlled as mentioned as earlier is in the hands of members, who’s loyalty and activeness are necessary in setting their policies and making decision.

 

Onuoha (2002) men and women serving as elected representative have equal voting right (one member, one vote) and cooperative at other levels are organized in democratic member and participating in decision affecting their society.

 

The Democratic Principle emanates from the Rockdale equitable pioneers as it was seen that every member interest needs to be covered and to maintain the importance of each and everyone decision making in order to improve upon member loyalty when decision are made.

 

This democratic principle is held by many authors as the foremost principle of cooperation. The believe at this principle is that every member is equal as person and as human being who wish to be held. The peculiarity of cooperative which believe that cooperative belong to member and they have the right to manage it in such a way that the organization function like a democratic institution. The supreme authority is vested on the entire members irrespective of one’s financial position, this make the member’s loyalty improve, knowing fully we that the society appreciate and accommodate them.

 

Necessitate this research which is improving upon member loyalty through the application of the principle of democratic control. A study of two (2) society which are mainly Surulere Cooperative Society and National Archives Multipurpose Cooperative Society. The research will like to know how member co-exist, how do organs of the society co-exist, or who make the members loyalty improve, who makes laws and rules for the society and what is the criteria for knowing member loyalty.

 

 

1.2      STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Improving upon members’ loyalty through the application of the principle of democratic control cannot be over emphasized. In the real sense of cooperative it should be a guide to enable/improve member loyalty if properly executed. There is likelihood of the success to the society. However, it is clear that most of these procedures are not followed, hence creating a lot of problem in improving upon member loyalty and it is based on that, that this research is carried out.

 

 

 

Continue reading DEMOCRATIC CONTROL IN COOPERATIVE

EFFECTS OF THRIFT AND CREDIT SOCIETY ON ENHANCING MEMBERS LIVING STANDARD

EFFECTS OF THRIFT AND CREDIT SOCIETY ON ENHANCING MEMBERS LIVING STANDARD

(A Study of Hamdala Hotel Workers Thrift and Credit Cooperative Society, Kaduna)

 

 

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ABSTRACT

The effect of thrift and credit society on enhancing members’ living standard cannot be overemphasized. This has prompt the researcher to carryout a research work on the subject matter.

The research started by introducing the subject matter in chapter one, background of the study, objectives of the study, research question, statement of the problem the significance of the study was also highlighted in this chapter.

The researcher reviewed the work of different authors in the chapter two, the concept of cooperative, meaning of thrift and credit, the effect of cooperative and credit society, sources of fund, the problems they faced and the summary review is also discussed.

The researcher discussed the method of gathering data, the data gathered were analyzed in chapter four. Lastly, the researcher draw a summary of findings, conclusion in chapter five and made some recommendations among which the researcher recommended that the problems of embezzlement, misappropriation of resource dishonesty and other negative factors associated with the management of cooperative especially in the area understudy should be checked through supervision by the cooperative department.

 

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER ONE – INTRODUCTION

  • Background of the study –       –       –       –       –       –       1
  • Statement of the problem –       –       –       –       –       –       3
  • Objectives of the study – –       –       –       –       –       –       3
  • Research question –       –       –       –       –       –       –       4
  • Significance of the study –       –       –       –       –       –       4
  • Scope of the study –       –       –       –       –       –       –       5
  • Definition of Terms –       –       –       –       –       –       –       6

 

CHAPTER TWO – LITERATURE REVIEW

  • Introduction –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       8
  • Concept of Cooperative –       –       –       –       –       –       9
  • Meaning of thrift and credit society – –       –       –       –       12
  • Effect of cooperative thrift and credit society –       –       –       13
  • Source of fund of cooperative thrift and credit society –       15
  • Effect of cooperative thrift and credit society on Enhancing

members living standard       –       –       –       –       –       –       19

  • Method and processes of business activities of thrift

and credit cooperatives –       –       –       –       –       –       –       20

  • Problems of thrift and credit –       –       –       –       –       –       22
  • Summary of review literature – –       –       –       –       –       24

 

CHAPTER THREE – RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

  • Introduction –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       25
  • Research design –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       25
  • Area of study –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       26
  • Population of the study – –       –       –       –       –       –       27
  • Sample and sampling procedure –       –       –       –       –       27
  • Research instrument –       –       –       –       –       –       –       28
    • Validity –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       29
    • Reliability –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       29
  • Procedure for the administration of the instrument –       –       30
  • Method of data presentation and statistics analysis –       –       31
  • Limitation of the study –       –       –       –       –       –       –       31

 

CHAPTER FOUR – DATA PRESENTATION AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS

  • Introduction –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       33
  • Respondents Bio Data –       –       –       –       –       –       –       33
  • Answering research question – –       –       –       –       –       35
  • Summary of findings –       –       –       –       –       –       –       41
  • Discussion of findings –       –       –       –       –       –       –       41

 

CHAPTER FIVE – SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

  • Introduction –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       43
  • Summary –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       43
  • Conclusion – –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       45
  • Recommendations –       –       –       –       –       –       –       46
  • Suggestion for Further Researches – –       –       –       –       47

References –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       49

Appendix 1 –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       50

Appendix 2 –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       51

 

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1   BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

This research work focuses on how cooperative thrift and credit societies influence or enhance member’s living standard. Unlike other cooperative society, thrift and credit societies are formed with the aims of improving the standard living of their members. Thrift and credit societies started from Germany by Fredrick Wilhelm Raifferson in the year 1818, Raifferson is therefore regarded as the father of modern cooperative thrift and credit society.

Thrift and credit society are mostly found in any form of society, community. The popularly known among the rural dweller, even before the mergence of modern cooperatives it serves as a rural bank before the coming of the modern thrift and credit society. The traditional mutual system has been called and addressed by different names, by various communities who practice it inform of traditional saving’s.

However, cooperative societies adopted in virtually all countries of the world for practical all aspect of human endeavour’s modern cooperative organization have penetrated into all the facets of human activities and used of human activities and also to achieve both social and economic goals.

In Nigeria, thrift and credit societies started in the year 1940, by the Roman Catholic teachers for salary earners and primarily to take care of their old age and retirement. Members make regular thrift saving during the period they are under employment and other saving for special purpose could also be made by an individuals if they wished, such saving could be for children’s schools fees, vacation leave etc.

The societies also grant loans to members and such loans are repaid on monthly installmental basis while regular savings continues. No members of such societies may withdraw while still under employment. Usually the society’s money deposited with the post office saving banks.

However, in modern thrift and credit society contributions are not necessarily the same, minimum monthly saving are fixed, and members who share contributions as a regular monthly savings, some are removed directly from-their salaries.

 

 

1.2   STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The primary aim of any cooperative society is to meet economic, social and cultural needs of members if well operated and managed.

Despite the prospect and significance of thrift and credit cooperative societies, some people are still reluctant in joining or participating in thrift and credit societies. It has unfortunately been discovered that most thrift and credit cooperatives societies are not very effective in the business activities consequently they end up not achieving their goals. As a result of this, the study will try to find out the factor that militates against the enhancement of living standard of its members. Furthermore, in most cases, the members saving are embezzled or misappropriated. It is in the light of this that it is doubtful whether thrift and credit cooperative societies actually perform their roles, that is why this topic is conducted to examine their effect so that the situation can be addressed…

 

 

 

Continue reading EFFECTS OF THRIFT AND CREDIT SOCIETY ON ENHANCING MEMBERS LIVING STANDARD

PREVAILING PRACTICES OF WOMEN PRIMARY COOPERATIVE AND THEIR EFFECTS ON WOMEN SOCIO-ECONOMIC STABILITY

PREVAILING PRACTICES OF WOMEN PRIMARY COOPERATIVE AND THEIR EFFECTS ON WOMEN SOCIO-ECONOMIC STABILITY

(A STUDY OF MATAN MAKERA AND PEACE WOMEN MULTIPUPOSE COOPERATIVE SOCIETY, KADUNA)

 

 

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ABSTRACT

This study investigates the prevailing practices of women primary cooperative and their effects on women socio-economic stability. A survey method was used for the study. The research questions that guided the study were: what are the prevailing practices of women primary cooperative society? To what extents do cooperatives affect women on socio-economic stability? What are the possible problems affecting cooperatives on women socio-economic stability? Frequency and mean score were used to analyze data based on research question.

 

The population consisted of all the members of Matan Makera and peace women multipurpose cooperative, both located in Kaduna metropolis. Research result shows that cooperative play significant roles in prevailing practice of women primary cooperative and their effect on women socio-economic stability as it remove discrimination against them to participate in cooperative, provided them with credit facilities, skills employment etc.

 

Different problems affect cooperative in prevailing practices of women primary cooperative and their. Effects on women socio-economic stability, this includes men perception of women, lack of women participation in cooperative, inadequate capital resources, bad leaders. It was recommended among others that women should be given equal opportunity with their men counterparts and should be encouraged to participate in cooperatives to improve their economic status.

 

 

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

1.1     Background of the study       –         –         –         –         –         –         1

1.2     Statement of the problems             –         –         –         –         –         3

1.3     Objectives of the study          –         –         –         –         –         –         4

1.4     Research questions     –         –         –         –         –         –         –         4

1.5     Significance of the study       –         –         –         –         –         –         5

1.6     Scope of the study        –         –         –         –         –         –         –         6

1.7     Definition of terms      –         –         –         –         –         –         –         6

 

CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1     Introduction        –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         8

2.2     Concept of cooperatives        –         –         –         –         –         –         8

2.3     Concept of cooperative promotion –         –         –         –         –         14

2.4     Roles of cooperatives towards prevailing practices of women on

the socio-economic stability –         –         –         –         –         –         18

2.5     Problems affecting cooperative towards the prevailing practices

of women on socio-economic stability     –         –         –         –         22

2.6     Summary of the literature review –         –         –         –         25

CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1     Introduction        –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         26

3.2     Research design           –         –         –         –         –         –         –         26

3.3     Population of the study         –         –         –         –         –         –         27

3.4     Sample size and sampling technique      –         –         –         –         27

3.5     Research instrumentation   –         –         –         –         –         –         28

3.5.1  Validity      –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         28

3.5.2  Reliability  –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         29

3.6     Administration of the instrument –         –         –         –         29

3.7     Method of data presentation and statistical analysis       –         30

3.8     Decision Rule      –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         30

3.8     Limitation of the study         –         –         –         –         –         –         30

CHAPTER FOUR: DATA PRESENTATION AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS

4.1     Introduction        –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         32

4.2     Respondents bio-data –         –         –         –         –         –         –         32

4.3     Answering the research question –         –         –         –         –         35

4.4     Summary of findings   –         –         –         –         –         –         –         41

4.5     Discussion of findings –         –         –         –         –         –         –         42

CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1     Introduction        –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         46

5.2     Summary   –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         46

5.3     Conclusion –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         47

5.4     Recommendation         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         48

5.5     Suggestions for further researches         –         –         –         –         49

References –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         50

Appendix I           –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         51

Appendix II         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         52

 

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

  • Background of the Study

Cooperative has been the bedrock of promoting women through its numerous income-yielding ventures that will stimulate the economic status of women. According to International Cooperative Alliance, Cooperative Enterprise is a business that is organized with the sole aim of satisfying the interest of members. The central focus is not the maximization of profit like other businesses but to ensure that members socio-economic needs are met through cooperative promotion.

According to Ijere (1991) cooperative plays a significant role in promoting their members economic status by:

  1. Generating employment opportunities
  2. Generation of appreciable income
  3. Reduction of Exodus to urban areas
  4. Making old techniques perfecting new
  5. Training members to become entrepreneurs

He further submits that women economic status can only be promoted through cooperative because the economic situations in the country have made it impossible to men to provide all the needs in the family.

Asaolu (2004) admits that cooperative have potential in promoting the economic status of women through capacity building. It also add that women status can be promoted through enhancement of skills acquisition enlightenment programmes organize by cooperative. Onuoha (2002) confirms that cooperative make it impossible for the rural dwellers to become shareholder and managers of their own investing by so doing, cooperative serves as an avenue for promoting women because it increases their economic capacity through convenient saving device assessment of loan and increase their standard of living.

Thus, this study seeks to empirically determine prevailing practices of women primary cooperative and their effects on women socio-economic stability.

 

  • Statement of the Problem

Most women in the society have low economic status compared with their male counterpart. Cooperative through various effort and sponsorship from government, NGOs and International Organizational was programmed to prevailing the effect on women socio-economic stability but most of the government officers in charge and management committees of various societies are corrupt and women are denied access to resources that will promote their economic status in the society. Women are also denied leadership in most groups and are marginalized. This influence is seen through women’s lack of ownership of…

 

 

 

Continue reading PREVAILING PRACTICES OF WOMEN PRIMARY COOPERATIVE AND THEIR EFFECTS ON WOMEN SOCIO-ECONOMIC STABILITY