THE EFFECT OF CHILD ABUSE AND NEGLECT ON THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF STUDENTS

IN SOME SELECTED SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN EGOR LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA IN EDO STATE

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ABSTRACT

Child abuse occupies a commanding position for both academic and sheer selection yet they have been best with nagging problems particularly that of neglect. This 2009 study sought to identify the causes of child abuse and neglect among children from different home with special reference to selected secondary schools in Egor local government area of Edo State.

Findings indicate that sheer desperation to be able to obtain and have a good home and reduction of child abuse and neglect. At all cost. The tendency to succumb to family pressure the inherent opportunity for child abuse anxiety over non complexity of the syllabus and basic intellectual weakness are all important factors that propel. The investigation has highlighted constant counselling and some modification of the end of the causes of child abuse and neglect system as steps towards reducing child abuse.

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE   

Introduction

Background of the study

Statement of Problem

Purpose of the study

Significance of the study

Limitation of the study

Scope of the study

Research questions

Definition of Terms

CHAPTER TWO   

Literature review

CHAPTER THREE

Research methodology

Research Design

Area of the study

Population of the Study

Sample and Sample Techniques

Instrument for data collection

Validity of instrument

Method of data collection

Method of data analysis

CHAPTER FOUR

Data analysis and interpretation

CHAPTER FIVE

Discussion of finding

Summary of the study

Implication of the study

Recommendation

Conclusion

REFERENCES

QUESTIONNAIRE

 

 

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Education is an instrument of social, mental and economic development through which right values and attitude for proper development are inculcated. Child abuse and its consequences which is the unjust treatment given to a child, disturb this development process.

It is a practice whereby children are battered, deprived of some basic needs in the home and at school. The saying that the child is the father of the man recognizes the fact that the quality of today’s child will determine the quality of tomorrow’s man.

This study was necessitated by the researchers encounter with dismay the multitude of school age children roaming in the street during school hours. They hawk goods, wash cars, beg for food etc. these activities are deprivation of the children, the right of education. Apart from that, they are sent to hawk on daily basis ad warned not to return with the unsold goods. Girls turned to promiscuity ad boys will turn to stealing in order to make up the money for their mistress or masters as the case may be. In this process, some are killed and others may run on cars when crossing road.

Truly, the present economic hardship in the country is a fascination or thus child abuse. In this condition, education of the child becomes the victim of economic down turn of the nation. For those that attend school, many are hawking and pushing wheel-barrow, car wash as part time job to raise the school fees. While others feeds ad cloth the family through the venture. As a result of this abusing condition, the cumulative influence of these activities may have poor academic performance as its consequences.

The offshoot of this child abuse and the consequences is examination malpractice to make for academic deficiencies resulting from failure to attend school regularly and devotion to class activities.

Thus, a child generally is a boy or a girl of any age between infancy and adolescence. But for the convince of law, a definite age bracket is ascribed to a child.

According to Eigbe (1996), a child in the southern states in Nigeria is a person between the age of 0 – 14years and in northern states between        0 – 12years.

Child abuse is a type of physical of mental injury or maltreatment of a person who is regarded as a child. The definition of child abuse has been expanded considerably to include more than just the beaten and sexually abuse child. It extends to any condition injurious to child’s physical or emotional health that has been inflicted by parents, guidance or other caretakers and schoolmates. The situation should be that of intentional infliction of injuries other than accidental means like suffering, harm by reasons of consequences, malnutrition, sexual abuse of growing up under condition which threaten his or her survival. Definite knowledge as to the nature and scope of child abuse appears to be lacking due to the difficulties associated with the definition of the concept as well as the cross cultural global issue regarding what is and what is not child abuse. In western orientation, child abuse extends to various misuses of children, especially with regards to functions relating to certain responsibilities such as “child labour” either in the form of “farm work “, or street hawking which many children in African cultural content embark upon as an acquired work rule in an extended family system.

Children belong to the defenseless and disadvantaged group. They should not be harmed or maltreated in any way as they are incapable of appreciating the dangers they face and the adverse effects which ill treatment have on their future development.

 

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMS

Egor Local Government Area has witnessed in human act of child abuse and its consequences and its devastating effect on the child development. This becomes obvious when on view it from treatment meted to the children from broken home and parental neglect.

The following are some abuse and consequences meted on a child;

a.            Inadequate care for the children by parents and guardians in terms of providing basic needs.

b.            Deprivation of certain children’s right both in the home and at school.

c.            Child prostitution through hawking

d.            Child kidnapping or death through hawking

e.            Exposure to danger of death or harm through kidnapping

f.             Misuse of children in various working areas.

 

 

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The finding of this study will enable parents and guardians to have alternative way a child rearing with abuse of children. There will be improvement on children enrolment in the school as the findings of the study will be known to the society at large.

The study will also help educational personnel to understand what constitute child abuse and its consequences (like working on the teacher’s farm during school hours, sex abuse by senior students, lack of teaching materials etc its perpetuating force and effect so that they know where and how to start combating it. This study will also help the government to know the various forms of child abuse prevalent in Egor Local Government Area and the ways for fighting them.

RESEARCH QUESTIONS

The following research questions guided the study:

a.            What constitute child abuse?

b.            What are the causes of child abuse?

c.            How does child abuse affect the academic performance of the children involved?

d.            In what ways can child abuse be controlled?

In addition, the same act describes a maltreated child as a child under the age of 18 years who has been abandoned by his parents or other persons legally responsible for his care. Schools, government and culture community occurrence as acts of omission and or commission. He further said that neglect would include deprivation of schooling materials care and malnutrition.

Rather than envy Nigerian child because he is force to watch greed, corruption, painlessness, truancy, dishonesty, theft, brutal and hunger as a way of life. This is true because in Nigeria situation for example, you see people so busy chasing money so as its perpetuating force and effect. So that they know where and to start combating it. It will help government to know the forms of child abuse prevalent in Egor local government area and the ways of fighting them.

 

 

SIGNIFICANT OF THE STUDY

The findings of this study will enable parents and guardians to have the knowledge and skills to study their children very well to know their right from their left. There will be improvement on children enrolment in the schools as the findings of the study will be know to the society at large. The study will also help educational personnel’s to understand what constitute child abuse and neglects (like working on the teachers farm during schools) hours sex abuse by senior students, lack of teaching materials etc.

 

SCOPE OF THE STUDY

This study is limited to the effect of child abuse and its consequences on educational performance of students in some selected secondary schools in Egor Local Government Area of Edo State.

 

DEFINITION OF TERMS

This study is limited to findings out the effect of child abuse and on education development of student in some selected secondary schools.

The following terms were used during this study.

Definition of child abuse neglect: this is because a social concept like child abuse always reflects the value which boarders on human nature and value. Child abuse is the maltreatment of a child’s which interferes with the child development, him by parents, guardians which makes the child to suffer harm, neglect through without necessary basic physical care. Child abuse is the deprivation of child care to a young person which distorts his development sequence.

Truancy is a problem today in many place, truancy is caused in some of the cases that are listed below. Child who become truancy can easily dropout of school.

1.            Good and quantity conducive environment for learning.

2.            introduces fun related activities to school curriculum

3.            A good and quality interaction between peer and colleagues.,

4.            Introduction of scholarship in the school curriculum classes students be jam-packed.

5.            by legalizing activities in the school premises

6.            Whom there is disciplines at all levels of administration and down to the students.

 

 

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CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IN NIGERIA TELECOMMUNICATION SECTOR

A CASE STUDY OF GLOBACOM NIGERIA LIMITED ENUGU ZONE

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ABSTRACT

The topic of the research is Corporate Social Responsibility in Nigeria’s Telecommunication Sector (A case study of Globacom Nigeria Limited, Enugu). The researcher used survey design in the study.

The population of the study was one hundred and twenty; comprising of both staff and customers of Globacom .The sample size was ninety two and it was determined using the yaro Yamane formula.

The research used both the primary and secondary sources of data in the course of study.

The primary data were collected through the instrument of questionnaire, interviews and observation.

The secondary data were collected from text books, journals, magazines, newspaper and libraries.

The research finding of the project work revealed that social responsibility programmes are necessary .the findings also unveiled that Globacom Nigeria, a telecommunication firm carries out its social responsibility programme in its host community. The researcher recommended that the company should increase and expand its social responsibility programmes. Corporate social responsibility is therefore something that a company should try and get right in implementing. It is something that business today should wholeheartedly be committed to. The danger of ignoring social responsibility is too dangerous.

.TABLE OF CONTENTS.

     CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

1.1            Background of Study

1.2            Statement of the Problem

1.3            Purpose of the Study

1.4            Research Questions / Hypothesis

1.5            Significance of study

1.6            Limitation of study

1.7            Scope of study

1.8            Definition of special terms

    CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1     Theoretical Framework

2.2     Historical Background

2.3     Current Literature on theories postulated

    CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY

3.1.         Research Design

3.2.         Sources of Data

3.2.1.  Primary Sources of  Data

3.2.2.  Secondary Sources of Data

3.3            Population of study

3.4            Sample Design and Determination of Sample Size

3.5            Methods of Data Collection

3.5.1    Questionnaire Design, Distribution and Collection of Responds

3.5.2    Secondary Method of Data Collection

3.6     Methods of Data Presentation and Analysis

CHAPTER FOUR: DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS

4.1.         Data Presentation

4.1.2.  Presentation According to Key Research Question

4.2            Analysis Based on Research Hypothesis

      CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY OF FINDINGS,            RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION

5.0.         Summary of Findings

5.1.    Conclusion

5.2.    Recommendation.

References

Bibliography

Appendix

CHAPTER ONE

1.1     INTRODUCTION:

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Corporate Social Responsibility an essentially American phenomenon has over the years become a major concern in Western Europe and in other countries of the world following the western model of development.

According to Drucker, (1986:66).The genesis of the debate on the concept of corporate social responsibility has been traced to the wave of crisis in social values that engulfed America in the post World War II period and most especially in the sixties. The Chief Executive of General Motors who observed the changing trend could not help observing:

“I am concerned about a society that has demonstrably lost confidence in its institutions – in the government, in the press, in the church, in the military, as well as in business”.

Business to America has had a most unique history.  Its development growth and impact on social life in America since the civil war II is almost common knowledge.  What may not be common knowledge, however, is the fact that business which has hitherto shaped and controlled the lives of millions of Americans some two hundred years ago is today being threatened by a wave of protests from various publics it uses to serve.  The crisis of confidence in the social role of business as made explicit in debates on corporate social responsibility points to the fact that America sees big business as a big powerful machine gone out of control.  And efforts to control and at least re-orientate its directions form the core of the argument of all who urge business to change with the times.  In other words, to deemphasize its so much vaunted profit maximization dogma and pay attention to the human lives and environment which it is subtly, ruthlessly and almost surely grinding out of existence.  As one of the protagonists has viewed the concept of corporate social responsibility it is a crude blend of long-run profit-making and altruism, a doctrine which fuses social values with profit maximization goals.

In the early years of the American Republic and especially in the post civil war reconstruction era, business in America played an almost indispensable role as a powerful social tool for harnessing resources and ensuring material progress. Ducker (1986:66). But as the years rolled on and business began to concentrate and centralize capital, its role in the economy became expansive and pervasive.  At the height of prosperity, the captains of industry were heralded as heroes of the society.

The later years of the post World War II era harbored a different story.  The boom period following the end of World War II soon gave way to a periodic wave of depressions and crisis that was to rock every foundations of society on which business existed.  The  frustrating economic situation characterized by inflation, unemployment, failing profit, declining investment, pollution of the external environment etc., pushed Americans to re-examine almost every old values and the assumptions behind them.

According to Drucker, (1986:96) the debate on corporate social responsibility did not only take place in the United State of America.  The noise of the debate filtered through to other countries that shares similar business cultures with America most especially the Western European countries.  While the western European nations have responded positively to the debate, accepted and even implemented some of its own far reaching conclusions it is pertinent to know if the discussions and conclusion so far reached have had an impact on the countries  periphery.

One of the objectives of this study is to investigate to what extent the current debate on corporate social responsibility and its conclusion has trickled down to the periphery of Nigeria in particular and how it is applied here by firms who have embarked on such projects in Nigeria.

It is believed by the researcher that although the present level of industrialization does not entitled us to discuss the issue on the same platform with the industrialized western economies; the fact that they are imitating their path to industrialization should imply that we should study their experience closely to avoid mistakes.

It is arguable also that foreign corporate bodies operating in host countries especially in the Third World countries are most likely to pay lip service to such principles as corporate social responsibility which are most likely to be of benefit to their host countries.  Also local or indigenous organizations can neglect this principle of corporate social responsibility to their host communities.

These days, social responsibility of business is on what should or might be done to tackle and solve problems of society.  The emphasis is on what contribution they can make to such social problems as protected and restoration of physical environment, racial discrimination or social discrimination.

In striving to satisfy its corporate goals and achieve its objectives the organization cannot operate in isolation from its environment. .

The performance of corporate social responsibility is not undertaking to boost profit at the short-run but to meet some social needs, aspirations, and profit at the long-run.

Organizations who hold this view of corporate social responsibility believes that once it does what is expected of it by law and its host community the organization is socially responsible.

Owing to the vastness of this topic – corporate social responsibility we shall have to restrict our investigation to manageable proportions by focusing attention on telecommunication sector Nigeria, using Globacom Nigeria Limited.

The telecommunication industry is one of the fastest growing sectors in Nigeria.  There are so many telecommunication companies owned by foreign and local corporate bodies in Nigeria. These telecommunication industries have covered a large area in Nigeria from urban to rural areas in the country.  As a result of this, the researcher has selected one out of the many telecommunication companies to take a look at its corporate social responsibility project.

The researcher has decided to pick on Globacom Nigeria Limited, Enugu Zone, and has decided to look into its corporate social responsibility activities, to see how the company has gone in performing its social responsibility in host community.

1.2     STATEMENT OF PROBLEM:

In recent years there have been series of arguments, debates and controversies among businessmen, academics, government officials and the society in general on what should be the principle objectives or business enterprises.

Over the years, managers have neglected the problems created by corporate firms to their host communities. These problems possess a lot of threat and sometimes make life difficult for these communities.  The privilege giving to organization to operate in the society stems from the act that society believes that there is a mutual interdependency existing between them, that is, the organization and the society.

The relationship between organizations and their host community has become increasingly important.  The decision made in an organization may influence community prosperity and also national and even internationally economic activity might be affected.  An example of these problems is the on-going crisis in the Niger Delta region which has led to the destruction of lives and properties.  There are accusations from the youths in these areas that companies misdirect their efforts and resources that they should have used to develop the community to bribe opinion leaders in order to overlook their responsibilities to the community, and these have caused a lot of acrimonies between the two parties, community and the firm.  These same problems can also be identified in other arrears and in other communities across the country where large companies are located.  This prompted the researcher with deep sense of burden to these communities to unraveled the need for these large firms to see the need in helping the society solve some of its problems, most especially those they help to create, and involve in philanthropic donations to the needs of these communities and provide the community with some social amenities.

Despite the roles played by organizations carrying out corporate social responsibility and the growing importance of social responsibility, the following issues have not been fully addressed:

i.                   Why should organizations be socially responsible to their environment?

ii.                 What benefits do organizations get from performing its corporate social responsibility?

iii.              Why is social responsibility considered as a waste drain of business resources?

iv.              Are organizations in Nigeria socially responsible?

In view of the above, the researcher has taken up the issue of social responsibility in the telecommunication sector in Nigeria and used Globacom Nigeria as a case study to examine the extent of the company’s involvement in corporate social responsibility.

1.3                   PURPOSE OF STUDY:

For organizations to successfully survive in business, it must recognize the importance of social responsibility to the society.  The broad objective of the study is to –

i.                   Examine the argument for and against corporate social responsibility.

ii.                 Whether Globacom Nigeria Limited has been involved in social responsibility activities, and if so, to what extent have they been involved in their corporate social responsibility to their environment?

iii.              To examine whether the immediate environments are taking into cognizance during planning and implementation of social responsibility,

iv.              To know the factors that motivates the adoption of corporate social responsibility.

1.4     RESEARCH QUESTIONS/HYPOTHESIS:

In pursuit of the objective of identifying the effectiveness and workability of corporate social responsibility the following hypothesis have been formulated, which intend to test in the course of this study:

Ho: The organization involvement in social responsibility does not have an effect on the company and its host community.

Ha: The organizations in social responsibility activities have an effect on the company and its host community.

Ho: Globacom corporate social responsibility programme does not          enhance organization-societal relationship.

Ha: Globacom corporate social responsibility programme enhances organization-societal relationship.

We also intend to answer the following research questions to collaborate with the above hypothesis.

1.     Why is social responsibility necessary in an organization?

2.     To what extent does an organization involvement in social responsibility have an effect on the company and its host community?

3.     What factors motivates the company in carrying out social responsibility activities?

4.     Who do you think are the beneficiaries of the company social responsibility activities?

1.5     SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY:

The study of social responsibility of a business organization is hoped to be of benefits not only to student’s businessmen, government, customers, community, stockholders, academics, but the whole society. The study also hopes to highlight the problem associated with social responsibility and to make use of the analysis to improve the working situations thereby minimizing the problems social responsibility conflict in that organization and its environment as well.

Finally, the study will inform all at large, the need for corporate social responsibility not only to the firm, but to the society at large.

1.7     DEFINITION OF SPECIAL TERM          

1:  (Globacom): Global communication. It is a name of a telecommunication firm in Nigeria. Global communication limited is the case study for this research work.

2: (Glo): A short name for Globacom.

3: (CSR): Corporate social responsibility.

4: (BSc): Bachelor of Science.

5: (NCE)          : National Certificate in Education.

6: (OND): National Diploma.

7 🙁 HND): Higher National Diploma.

8: (MBA): Master in Business Administration.

9: (SSCE): Senior School Certificate Examination.

10: (FSLC): First School Leaving Certificate.

 

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FACTORS MILITATING AGAINST STUDENTS PARTICIPATION IN SIWES IN COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

 

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TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE   

Introduction

Statement of problems

Purpose of study

Significance of the study

Limitation

Scope of the study

Definition of terms

CHAPTER TWO   

Literature review

CHAPTER THREE

Research design

Population

Description of sample selection

Research instrument

Pilot study

Validation of instrument

Administration of instrument

Method of data analysis

Interview with students

Chapter Four       

Data Presentation and Analysis

CHAPTER FIVE   

Summary

Recommendations

Conclusion

REFERENCES     

APPENDIX

 

 

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1         BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

The students industrial work experience scheme (SIWES) is an industrial training fund (ITF programme. It is a skilled training scheme which is of great relevance to vocational and technical education students.

The SIWES is designed to expose students to relevant industrial work situation, which they are likely to meet after their graduation. The scheme is also designed to expose students to work method and needed experience in handling equipment and machinery that are not usually available in educational training fund (ITF) Act of 1971, and later Decree No. 47 of 1971, which was later amended in 1990, gave rise to the beginning of the scheme.

The scheme has expanded in scope and content over the years. Initially, only students of Technical College and Polytechnics were involved later students from the University and Advance Teacher College (ATC), College of Education (COE) and National Universities Commission (NUC) are made to participate.

At present, many students of various departments in the school of vocational and technical education (College of Education), benefit from the programme, these include students in Accounting Secretarial, Home Economics, Agricultural Science, etc. an ITF survey in 1974 showed a great disparity between students knowledge and their ability to apply it in relevant jobs.

The result of this survey led to the establishment of SIWES programme with eleven institutions, involving seven hundred and eighty four students. During the first period of its operations in 1974-1978, the ITF solely funded the scheme but due to huge financial involvement when the participating institutions rose to 32 with 4,714 students in 1978, it found it difficult to continue.

As a result of this development, the Federal Government was involved in the funding of the scheme for five years from 1979-1984 through the national Universities commission (NUC) who cater for University students and the National Board for Technical education (NBTE) who is responsible for the Polytechnics and Colleges of Technology (Galadimwa, 1977). NBTE also caters for Colleges of Education who offer courses in vocational and technical education areas.

According to the presentation by the collaborating agencies (NUC & NBTE) at ITF 1990, there are forty-eight (48) eligible courses for SIWES. These include University Degree Programme, Engineering and Technology, National diploma and NCE Programme. The objectives of SIWEs are to:

1.    Prepare students for the work situation they are to meet after graduation.

2.    Provide an avenue for students in institutions of higher learning to acquire industrial skill.

3.    Expose students to work methods and techniques in handling equipment and machinery that may not be available in educational institutions.

4.    Provide students with the opportunity to apply their knowledge in real work situation thereby bridging the gap between college work and actual practical.

5.    Enhance students contact for later job placement. SIWES programme generally ranges from two (2) months to one year of industrial attachment. During this period, the ITF institutions  employers as well as students have their roles to play. The ITF is responsible for the organization of conferences and seminars on SIWES-informing the students about what they are expected to do so as to prepare them for industrial training. They are also to send supervisors on surprise visit to assess and grade students’ performance.

The employers are expected to accept students and assign them to relevant work, attach experienced staff of students for effective training and supervision. The students are expected to be punctual at the place of attachment. They are to comply to employers’ rules and regulations and keep records of training activities and other assignments.

 

 

1.2         STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

It has been observed that many students on SIWES are not given sufficient opportunity to handle equipments and machineries during the period of attachment. Even when experienced staff to which they are attached gives them job to do and customers see students handling their jobs, they often quarrel and refuse to accept “students job” and want the experienced staff to do it.

 

Employers are also very careful to safeguard equipment and machineries from possible damage by inexperienced hands. It has become very important that students’ participation in SIWES programme need to learn fast enough to complete given jobs satisfactorily, that is the only way they are likely to get more jobs from the experienced staff to which they are attached. Some firms lack facilities that will enhance the experience of students in their area of study.

 

Students serving in such firms are at a disadvantage professionally in the area of study for example, an engineer that is attached to do clerical jobs or as a receptionist, such as attachment will not further his engineering experiences. The study will try to answer the following questions:

i.     What are student’s attitudes towards this programme?

ii.    Is there any relationship between work done during the programme and school work?

iii.   Are there adequate facilities in the establishment where these students carryout their programme?

iv.  Are the students allowed to use the equipment?

v.    Apart from being helping hands, have students made any academic impact towards improving the work process in the establishment they are attached?

vi.  Does the programme influence student’s performance?

 

 

1.3         PURPOSE OF STUDY      

This study is intended to look into the factors militating against student’s effective participation in SIWES taking Colleges of Education Ekiadolor as a case study. It hopes to find out the impact of students industrial work experience scheme (SIWES) on Vocational and Technical Education Students.

 

 

1.4         SIGNIFICANT OF STUDY

This study is significant in reviewing the problem and prospering of the SIWES Programme to make it more efficient so that employers, students and the society will benefit maximally from the scheme. The study has become necessary because of the trends on development of human resources which is said to be the ways of achieving economic growth and development, and the much talked about self-reliance and technological breakthrough for the country.

This study will also help to solve problems faced by the students, institution and the ITF. It will also buttress the place of SIWES in this our jet age in the society. Therefore, the study intends to investigate how well the students are exposed to the facilities that will enhance there performance in the academic, whether their establishment of posting have adequate facilities, whether the students performance are satisfactory and to ascertain how the programme influence their academic performance.

 

1.5         SCOPE OF STUDY

This project is designed for the vocational and Technical Education students of the College of Education, Ekiadolor, Benin information will be drawn from year 2 and year 3 students of the school of Vocational and Technical Education of the college.

 

1.6         DEFINITION OF TERMS

SIWES: Students Industrial Work Experience Scheme.

Orientation: A type of training or information which is given to a person or a group of persons before starting a new course or job.

 

 

 

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THE FACTORS INFLUENCING CHOICE OF SCHOOL SUBJECTS BY SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS

 

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ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to find out the factors influencing choice of school subjects by senior secondary students in Oredo Local Government Area of Edo state. The study was aimed at ascertaining the factors influencing the choice of subjects by senior secondary school students. In the process of carrying out the study, questionnaires were administered to six (6) different secondary schools. The data collected were analyzed and interpreted simple percentage method. The point of emphasis is to find solutions to the highlighted problems hindering the choice of subjects by senior secondary school students of Edo state. The recommendation include government should recognize the importance of career counsellors in secondary schools. There should be reduction of the subjects offered in senior secondary schools and also provides conducive learning environment for the secondary school students.

 

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE   

Introduction

Background of the study

Statement of problem

Purpose of the study

Research questions

Significance of the study

Limitation of study

Definition of terms

CHAPTER TWO   

Literature review

CHAPTER THREE

Research methodology

Design of the study

The study sample

Research instrument

Data analysis

CHAPTER FOUR 

Analysis and interpretation of data

Analysis of the questionnaire

CHAPTER FIVE   

Summary, conclusion and recommendations

Summary

Conclusion

Recommendations

REFERENCES     

QUESTIONNAIRE

 

 

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

From the secondary school age, the adolescents are often faced with the problems of choosing subjects that are suitable and relevant for the attainment of a dream career. This process of choice making leads the adolescent to select one form of subject or the other in which he/she is best suited.

According to Okeke (1993) in pre-colonial Nigeria, the acquisition of skills did not require more specialized assistant because it was used informally at home, in families, in village squares and at moon light games. These purposes were clearly understood by the citizens who imparted the skills such as practical transmission of local customs, moral, religious and social values.

Furthermore, it was a situation in which young people suddenly learnt their father’s profession. Therefore, if the father was a blacksmith, what this means is that abilities, interest and occupational needs of the pre-colonial society and other variable factors were not considered before choosing occupation by children.

It has also been observed that in a simple society, choice of career of subjects relating to such career does not require specialized assistance. In such situation, parents or even peer group could be of influence in some society; there has been little or no knowledge of what goes on in schools. It becomes pertinent that the schools should have valuable assistance in this direction. Students who pass their secondary final examination could always secure employment. This secondary school certificate serves as visa for employment and for admission into higher institutions.

In modern age, the quest for knowledge and excellence has made the society more complex and as a result creates the problems of career choice among youths just coming out from secondary schools. Often, the adolescent students choose subjects for which they have no interest or ability on and the effect is always failure on the part of the students and in some cases, frustration which eventually leads to drop out with thus choosing a suitable and interesting subjects becomes every developing adolescent’s problem which he or she must in one time or the other face in life time. This eventually becomes not just the individual student’s problem but societal and government responsibility.

Most importantly, the choice of subject is very crucial in the lives of students as it may affect every aspect of their lives. It is so because it determines the student’s career lives. A right choice in subject making will always afford the students the opportunity to actualize potentials in their chosen future career.

Jauyeola (1997) opined that our young ones need constant guidance in choice of subject. This is because it is common find students choosing subjects for which they have little or no aptitude or interest only to end frustration in the long run.

 

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

Owing to the fact that a country’s development lies on the youths of the country which the next generation and engine to growth , therefore, this study intends to examine the specific factors or issues that serve as a barrier to choice of school subjects by senior secondary school students.

 

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

This research work was carried out to examine the factors influencing choice of school subjects by senior secondary school students in Oredo Local Government Area of Edo state as its main objectives with others are:

It is aimed at bringing light to various factors influencing choice of school subjects by senior secondary school students. This study will also determine the relative influence of each factor that affects student’s choice in their secondary schools. Finally, the researcher intends to discover how students combine choice of subject in line with their future career.

 

RESEARCH QUESTIONS

The following are the research questions for this study:

1.    Does the counselling services provided by teachers to student’s choice of subject?

2.    Does peer group influence affect students’ choice of subject?

3.    Does the socio-economic background of students affect the choice of school subjects?

4.    Does government regulation affect students’ choice of subject?

5.    Does ineffectiveness of senior secondary school teachers reflect on choice of subject made by students?

6.    Does student’s academic performance and appropriate reading manner affect their choice of subject?

 

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

Most parents are ill-informed about the opportunities opened to their children. There is also lack of awareness of what should be the factors to consider before choosing subjects among students themselves. There is also the conflicting value of students at times when they are faced with the problems of making the right choice.

This study will help students understand themselves, become more effective, be more productive and appear being. Also, the study intend to reinforce the need for training and updating school counsellors who will be of help to the interpretation of students’ test result to place them where they are needed. This study is also aimed at reducing social vices of our young people. many students have drop out of schools due to their  inability to recognize their potentials. This study will put them into normal human track and make him sensitive to societal norms/values.

Therefore, the overall significance of this study is to reveal the career aspiration of students and on the promise that it will help career guidance experts in assisting tomorrow’s leaders, making a social decision as regards to their school subject which will save these you8ng people from future failure and frustrations which make them productive and equip them with the prerequisite knowledge for future learning.

 

 

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Choice: the willingness to select among other options.

Manner: the way something is done or happens.

Significance: something that is large or important enough to have an effect.

Subject: an area of knowledge that one studies in school or university.

Counsellor: one who has been trained to advice students with problems or pressing issues.

Influence: the factors that affect human decisions making.

Factors: they are reasons behind certain happenings or why certain things happen.

 

 

 

Continue reading THE FACTORS INFLUENCING CHOICE OF SCHOOL SUBJECTS BY SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS →

INFLUENCE OF PARENTAL BACKGROUND, PEER GROUP AND CAREER ASPIRATION ON STUDENT

 

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ABSTRACT

This study was conducted to look into influence of parental background, peer group and aspiration on students choice of literature in English as a subject in school certificate examination in Egor local government area of Edo state.

The purpose of this study is to examine the above mentioned factors with a view to finding solutions and ensuring better students participation in literature in English.

Four hypotheses were formulated and tested with data collected with the help of students questionnaire. The respondents were drawn from six schools in egor local government area. A sample of hundred (100) students all drawn from SSI to SSII and SS III. Simple percentage was used to analyse the data collected.

 

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Nigeria is presently witnessing a rapid economic, industrial and political growth and as such, the Nigerian students are faced with the problem of choice of career or vocation out of the numerous existing ones which are possibly known to the students.

Besides, Nigeria as a developing country where appropriate human resources are at a premium, the influencing of students occupational interest and their behaviour, their maximal development and utilization become a concern of primary importance.

 

Infact, there are a number of factors that influence the choice of career among students such factors include: family background, academic performance, prestige and monetary prospects, peer group influence and the intrinsic values within the students. Okigbo [1978] noted that, one of the objectives of the educational programme in Nigeria is to make an impact in the area of art education so as to meet the growing needs of the human resources sector and humanities. The National Policy on Education [1981] is also designed to meet this line of development of Nigeria.

 

However, observation and studies have so far revealed that students’ interest, enrolment and performance in literature in English have remained very poor over the years. The general impression is that special ability skilled, talent and sex have a lot to do with the study of literature in English.

Also, student’s inability to perform well in literature in English and why few take it up as been adduced to negative attitude towards the subject. Attitudes are wrapped up with a persons feeling, need and self concept, likewise attitude once formed is difficult to change.

Literature-in-English is not only looked at as difficult, people are of the view that the subject is for student who are arts oriented.

Effort must therefore be made to identify the contributing factors in order to effectively stimulate the interest of students in literature in English as an attractive and satisfying intellectual discipline in the humanities.

 

While academic performance in school subjects largely determine the choice of career and vocations among students certain factors in the environment of learner also influence this choice. Such environmental factors include the family view, Musgrave [1967] in a study on the family education and society, stated that the family still exerts a powerful influence on the prospects, capacity for development and life chance of the young.

 

Musgrave asserted that parental status is a strong influential factor on the choice of career. For example some Nigerian Businessmen ant their children to study Business Administration in the universities so that such children will be well equipped so as to be in charge of their parent’s business enterprises, whether such children are good in subject relevant to study of Business Administration or not. In support of this, Joe DC Graft, sons and daughters is a case study of the effects of parental forceful influence on their child’s choice of career. In the novel, James Ofosu, the protagonist, wanted his daughter, Momaan to study law against the latter’s choice for music.

 

In Nigeria four basic arts subjects are taught in our secondary schools. These are Literature, Government, History, and Christian Religious Studies. But this paper will dwell on the factors influencing students towards the choice of Literature –in- English as a school certificate subject.

 

 

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

This study is therefore designed to find the influence of parental background, peer group and career aspiration on students choice of literature –in-English in Egor local government area of Edo state.

Considering the number of students that end up studying literature in English at the level, one is prompted to ask;

i.             Does the peer groups attitude have any significant influence on student’s choice of Literature-in-English?

ii.            What are the effects of family background on students’ attitude to Literature-in-English?

iii.           Does the teachers’ attitude and guidance-counseling service have any significant influence on students attitude to Literature-in-English, all these and more are to be investigated in this study.

 

 

PURPOSE OF STUDY

This study is aimed at investigating the effect of parental background, peer group and career aspiration on student’s choice of Literature-in-English as a subject in secondary schools.

This study will suggest some recommendations towards the improvement of student’s interest and understanding of the importance of the subject to their future [life] career.

 

 

SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY

This study will provide useful information as regards the parental background, peer group and career aspiration on students’ in secondary schools in Egor Local Government Area of Edo state.

Since Literature-in-English is a vital component of arts courses like Philosophy, History and International studies, English, Linguistics, Theatre-Arts.

The need to probe or investigate the factors influencing it’s enrolment in secondary schools can not be over emphasized.

The result of this study will enable the school guidance and counselling unit know the areas of emphasis when advising the students on subject choice.

It will provide parents the insight into main problems of their children and how best to advise them. It is also hoped that, this study will go a long way in providing the much needed remedy and ensuring increased number among students in Literature-in-English.

Lastly, it will be of help to the government as this will tend to explain how best to achieve the national objectives of reduction.

It will also serve as an extension the frontiers of knowledge as it will benefit person who might be interested in conducting a research on the same or similar subjects in the future.

 

 

HYPOTHESIS

In this investigation the following will serve as guidelines:

i.             There is no significant influence of parents educational background on students choice of Literature-in-English.

ii.            There is no significant influence of parental occupation on students’ choice of Literature-in-English.

 

 

SCOPE OF STUDY

The study will be conducted among students in six selected secondary schools in Egor Local Government Area of Edo State.

Students in SS II and SS III will be used because they are old enough to determine what career they want to pursue.

The main instrument to be used is a questionnaire. The questionnaire is designed to find out the demographic characteristics of the students; the parents’ educational level, socio-economic status and occupation and career to be pursued by the student and what influenced them to choose such careers.

 

 

DEFINITION OF TERMS

The following words and terms are defined for clarity.

1.    Socio-Economic Status: Hornby defined ‘status’ as a person’s legal, social or professional position in relation to others in this study, it is refer to one’s standing socially and economically within the social stratification. In the light of the above definition of socio-economic status, high, middle and low socio-economic classes are defined as follows:

a.    High socio-economic class: These are people who fall in the category of salary grade 13 and above. These include top ministries officials such as permanent secretary, managers of bank, directors of corporation and parastatals and those successful self employed individuals. They also include professionals, like academic doctors etc.

b.    Middle socio-economic class: Theses are persons on salary grade level 7-12, these include secondary school teachers, primary school headmasters, journalist, civil servant etc.

c.    Low Socio-Economic Class: These are persons on salary grade level 01-06, these include manual workers, petty traders, clerical workers, small scale farmers and those that make minor repairs.

2.    Career: A way of making a livelihood and advancing one’s self through life.

3.    Peer group: Close friends of the same age, class mates of the same interest or a group formed by persons of equal merit of quality.

 

 

 

 

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