PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF MARKETING IN SMALL-SCALE BUSINESS IN NIGERIA (A CASE STUDY OF AQUA RAPHA, GOD’S HEALING WATER )

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ABSTRACT

This research work is centered on the Problems and Prospects of Marketing in Small-Scale Business in Nigeria.
The study was aimed at identifying and examining the problems militating against the effective operations of small-scale business.   Also the study was focused on analyzing and assessing the marketing activities of small-scale business, with a special reference on Aqua Rapha (God’s Healing Water) Company.  The data for the study were collected using questionnaires and oral interviews. The hypothesis of the study were tested using chi-square. After analyzing and testing the hypothesis, the researcher made the following findings:

• Firstly, that Aqua Rapha (God’s Healing Water) Company practices marketing concept.
• That Aqua Rapha (God’s Healing Water) Company does not carryout marketing research.   It was also discovered that the company promotes their product through personal selling.
• Furthermore, the researcher discovered that the customers of Aqua Rapha (God’s Healing Water) Company are satisfied with their distribution systems.
• Based on the findings the researcher made the following recommendations.
• That Aqua Rapha Company should adopt and practice marketing concept.
• That the firm should always-carryout marketing research.
• That it is imperative for the company to carryout a proper blending of the marketing mix.
• That Aqua Rapha should employ a marketing professional.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE:         INTRODUCTION

• • Background of Orientation of Problems
  • Statement of Problems
  • Historical Background
  • Objective of the Study
  • Statement of Hypothesis
  • Limitation of the Study
  • Definition of Terms

CHAPTER TWO:        LITERATURE REVIEW

• • The Meaning of Marketing
  • An Over view of Small-Scale Industrial Development in Nigeria.
  • Definition and Characteristics of Small-Scale Enterprise.
  • The Importance of Small-Scale Industries for Economic Development
  • The Strategy for Marketing in Small-Scale Business
  • General Problems Encountered by Small-Scale Business in Nigeria
  • The Practice of Marketing Concept in Small-Scale Business.
  • Marketing of Product in Aqua Rapha (Healing Water for Every Body)
  • Prospects and Viability for Promotion

CHAPTER THREE:         RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

• • Research Design
  • Source of Data
  • Population of the Study
  • Research Instrument used
  • Sample Size Determination
  • Sample Technique
  • Method of Data Treatments and Analysis

CHAPTER FOUR:       DATA PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION
CHAPTER FIVE:        SUMMARY OF FINDING

• • Recommendations
  • Conclusion

BIBLIOGRAPHY
QUESTIONNAIRE

CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
After about a decade and a half of adopting an industrialization strategy based on large-scale industries, mostly of the assembly type, Nigeria has failed to achieve industrial development.   The large-scale industries, which were setup, tended to be capital intensive and in appropriate, given the country’s resources endowment.  Their capital equipment and technical manpower have continued to be largely imported.  As a result, the triple objective of setting up large-scale industries namely:

• Achievement of high level employment
• Local sourcing of raw materials.
• And saving of foreign exchange acquisition materialized.

In response to the weakness of large-scale manufacturing government has sought to promote small-scale industries as a strategy for self-reliant industrialization.   In Nigeria economy, attention has been drawn to the fact that small-scale enterprises have received very little attention where as it is providing employment for approximately triple the number engaged in large-scale manufacturing as well as playing their role which is crucial importance to our developing economy. This is why it is important to reconsider the problem hindering the growth of his sector.   Such problems the researcher has classified into managerial and financial inhibitions as well as some of the government policies, which do not favour small-scale industries.

1.2     STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS
For the period under review, the country’s economic objective were centered on reducing the level of important and promoting the expansion of domestic production especially in the small-scale manufacturing sector.
However, small-scale industries in Nigeria today are faced with a lot of problems.
These problems go a long way to hamper their prospects and growth in the country and thereby limiting their potential contributions to the development of the economy.
Such problems are as follows:

• Many small-scale industries do not possess a visible feasibility study of their projects.
• There is also the problem of loan misapplication and non-repayment of loans.
• They keep poor accounting and business records, and
• Because of the low capital outlay involved, experts are not often employed.

The researcher will therefore, focus attention on the problems and prospects of parts company limited and what the company should do to alleviate these problems hindering it’s prospects and opportunities available to it.

IMPACT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN BANKING INDUSTRY.

ABSTRACT
This project work is on the impact of information technology in the banking industry.  And all States Trust Bank will be chosen as a case study.
In doing this, both primary and secondary data were collected to solve the research problem.  The population of the study comprises of the personal of all state trust bank and the customers that patronize their services.
The research instrument used for data collection were questionnaire and oral interviews.  Tables, frequencies and percentages were used in presenting and analyzing the data collected.  The chi – square statistics was used at 5% level of significance to test the various hypothesis.
From the data analysis, the researcher came up with the following findings:

1. That the customer are not satisfied with the level of information technology of the Bank
2. Also that high cost of information and lack of funds are some of the major set backs of the company that hinder the efficient rate of the bank’s information technology.
3. Then based on the findings above the researcher recommended the following that the bank should:

1. Improve the information technology to help them enhance efficiency of the services and satisfy their customers
2. That the bank should continue to source for information that would help them satisfy their customers.
3. The problem of funds and high cost of information should be taken care of by releasing fund which will be used to improve the quality of information technology of the bank.

The conclusion of this study is that information technology of all states trust bank has a vital role to play in enhancing the efficiency of the services provided by the company.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER ONE

1.0     INTRODUCTION

1. 1. Background of the study
   2. Statement of problem
   3. Objective of the study
   4. Research question
   5. Significance of the study
   6. Scope of the study
   7. Limitations of the study
   8. Definition of terms

CHAPTER TWO

2.0     REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

1. 1. Brief history about information technology
   2. Banking environment in Nigeria
   3. Application of information system applied in banking industry
   4. Types of information system allied in banking industry
   5. The impact of information technology
   6. Organizational profile

CHAPTER THREE

3.0     RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

1. 1. Sources of data
   2. Population of study
   3. Sample of six determination
   4. Sampling technique
   5. Method of data treatment
   6. Research instrument used
   7. Questionnaire distribution

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0     Data presentation, analysis and interpretation

1. 1. Data presentation and interpretation

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0     SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION

1. 1. Summary of findings
   2. Recommendation
   3. Conclusion

Bibliography
Appendix.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1     BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY:
The world is a global village.  It is due to the global state of the world that bedsore became such an organic economic activity armed at producing goods and services.
In this light of this organic nature of business, it constantly changes with improvement is science and technology.  Business men and women have seen the need to also change their mode of carrying out business activities in order to keep abreast with the current practice and to effectively face the constant and new challenges experienced or the business.
This growing expectation challenges prompt the business community into evolving means to smoothen the performance of business.  There are number challenges of business.  These challenges are characterized by the constant changes in trade of customer as well as the competition in the business circle by other competitors all towards achieving or controlling the patronage of the majority of the customer in the entire industry.
According to Nwukw (1998) an article written on 29th September, which says that many bank in the past has strive to improve their counter services and reduce to the minimum, the waiting time for such service by employing more staff to cope with increasing number of customers.
But this did not yield much result with the advert of information technology banks, like all state bank head office has been able to automate some aspect, if not all their operation and this has resulted to lower cost in terms of paid salaries to staff and wasting of customer.  With the help of information technology in the all state bank, according to information systems, the decision making proves, loans and credit evaluations and other banking services have been very efficient.  The all states bank head office having realized the existence in the competitive economy depends on the level of information technology adopt it protectively.  That the range of information technology adopted by all states bank must be determined by the peculiarity of its customer.
Thus, to compete favorable and effectively in the work of today’s complex business environment, the business has to keep itself abreast with the dynamic changes and also adopt new methods currently practiced all over the world, i.e by most success and business.  To this end this research world is set to study and research on “using management information system (MIS) to improve customers service and growth in the banking industry.

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THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PUBLIC RELATIONS IN SERVICE INDUSTRIES (A CASE STUDY OF ENUGU STATE UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (ESUT)

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ABSTRACT
          The purpose of this study was to know the effectiveness of public relations in service industries. A case study of the Enugu state university of science and Technology (ESUT) Enugu.
To guide this study, three hypotheses were formulated. A review of related literature was done to expose the researcher to what has already been done to ensure solid conclusion for the study. A structural questionnaire was developed and administered by the researcher to respondents comprising of the students and staff/management of the institution. The data collected were from both primary and secondary sources and were duly analysed and presented in a manner in which they could be easily be understood and applied by whosoever may be interested in the work and its findings.
From the analysis, the following findings emerged

1. Majority of the students are not aware of the services provided by the public relation school of the institution.
2. Public relations activities of ESTU has led do industrial harmony, this is evidenced by the fact that there has not been major strikes that lasted for a long time.
3. Public relations activities of ESTU also led to impact positions on student’s patronage of the institution.

Based on the above findings, the researcher made the following recommendations that:

1. ESUT public relations department should be well funded to enable them acquire more sophisticated equipments to improve public relations activities.
2. ESUT should up grade the quality of the service they provide by creating awareness so that all may know about them.
3. Public relations functions should be clearly defined to avoid confusion in the institution. From this, the researcher concluded that public relations is a potent tool for marketing of goods and services, ESUT must embrace it for the satisfaction of its numerious publics.

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE:         INTRODUCTION
Background of the study
Statement of the problem
Objective of the study
Research Hypothesis
Significance of the study
Scope of the study
CHAPTER TWO:        LITERATURE REVIEW
CHAPTER THREE:    DESIGN OF THE STUDY
Population of the study
Determination of sample size
Sample size for staff/management
Sample size for students
Instrument and method of data collection
Questionnaire design
Method of data analysis
Administration of Questionnaire

CHAPTER FOUR:       PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA
Test of Hypothesis

CHAPTER FIVE:        SUMMARY, RECOMMENDATIONS
AND CONCLUSIONS
Summary of findings
Recommendations
Conclusions
Bibliography
Appendix
CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Public relations has become a potent marketing tool in modern business management in recent times. Its influence is being felt on both big and small firms with the influence of even greater expansion. It is important for management organization including tertiary institutions to understand its potential and limitations.
Nwokoye (1984:212) defined public relations as the activities of co – operations, union, government or other organisations in building and marketing sound and productive relations with special public such as customers, relations employees or stock holders and with public at large so as to adopt itself to its environment and interpret itself to the society. Bush and Houston (1995:200) noted that public relations is management functions which evaluate public attitude, identifies policies and procedures of an individuals or an organisations with the public interest and execute a programme of action to earn public understanding and acceptance. Chukwu (2000:3 – 4) stated that public relations practice is a management philosophy aimed at doing everything possible to create good relationship between one organization and its publics.
Public Relations is aimed at making friends for the organization and building internal and external good will on the reasonable assumption that these are strongly needed for an organization to remain in business and make profit with the increase in the activities of an organization. The need for an adequate communication between the organization and those who in one way or the other are affected by these activities of the organization becomes more imperative. An organization while wanting to remain liable, need to have good relations with its employees, consumers of its products and services, future investors, stock – holders and infact that is the general public. As an organization specialized in manufacturing to potential customers that is up to date, forward looking concerned to produce and offer the best goods and services for the rice it charges and make sure that its customers are really satisfied. Edoga and Ani (2001:287) noted that a company should deliberately plan and execute a continuous public relations programme to develop a good relation between it and that various publics, amongst sought with public relations. Stressing the position of public relations in the country, Olakunori (1999:194) noted that most officials occupying the public relations of various organizations in the country today are not professionals; they generally have a fair knowledge of what they are supposed to do.
Enugu State University of Science and Technology (ESUT) as an institution or organization has the students, members of its staff, parents- teachers association, the management, the host society, the state and the federal government, Nigerian Universities commission (NUC) etc. as its relevant publics. This implies that the activities performed by ESUT in one way or the other affect those aforementioned various public. Therefore, in order to maintain its public relations with those bodies, ESUT must at all time try to create a rapport and understanding or goodwill with all those bodies. This it will do through proper information circulation between itself and those various relevant publics to it. This can be done by allowing the free flows of information, paying of salaries as and when due to its staff, engaging in proper and standard academic work, abiding by the rules and regulations of NUC in the performance of its activities.
Manufacturers and producers of goods and service are now aware that public relations does not only ensure good relations with the public but can strive towards profit making through increased customers patronage. It is in the light of the importance attached to public relations that the researcher seeks to appraise the effectiveness of public relations in service industries in Enugu State University of Science and Technology (ESUT) as a case study.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
A good corporate image is usually regarded to be essentials for the existence of an organization. The success or failure of a corporation depends on its relationship with its publics, consumers, employees, stock-holders, government, community, distributions, supplies and others. A favourable corporate image create confidence in an organisations or institution.
There has been occupational troubles in tertiary institutions as become the order of the day. But ESUT as always remained in sector despite the occasional occurrence of these ugly incidents. The questions that called for answer are:-
Why has this problem of internal wrangle in our tertiary institutions?
Why has ESUT not witness the major break down of law and order despite the increase in school fees?
Why has ESUT been able to maintained peace despites the facts that there are some polities that do not go down well with the staff, lecturers and the students of the institute?
To what extent has public relations contributed in maintenance of peace and harmony in the institutions these and many more are the central task of this research work.

THE EFFECT OF COST CONTROL IN NIGERIA BREWERIES
(A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIA BREWERIES PLC.)

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CHAPTER ONE
Introduction
Background of the study
Statement of the problem
Objectives of the study
Significance of the study
Scope of the study
Research hypothesis
Scope and limitation of study
Definition of terms
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW

CHAPTER THREE
Research methodology and design
Population
Determination of sample size
Data collection
Chi-square
Decision rule

CHAPTER FOUR
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
CHAPTER FIVE
Summary of finding, recommendation and conclusion
Summary of findings
Recommendation
Conclusion
Bibliography
                                CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND OF STUDY
Cost control is a vital instrument for the survival of any business organization.  The aim of this work the impact of cost control in a Brewing Industry a case study of Nigeria Breweries Plc. 9th  Mile Enugu metropolis is to x-ray the conceptual insight of cost control techniques and ascertain whether in practical situation those techniques in the literature are operational and also the effect it has on the organization. In furtherance of these however, similarities and dissimilarities would be examined and observation made.  The control of cost is very necessary to the successful operation of different business organization.  Business entity is set up as an economic institution with profit making as a primary business objective.  Achievement of profitability objectives is a concern of every business for no matter the argument for the pace of profitability in modern business it still remain the primary and the only measure of corporate efficiency and vehicle for survival in competitive are turbulent business environment.
To achieve this profitability objective, attempts are made by various business concerns to bring cost to its bearest minimum and the essence of this cost awareness has been further amplified by the current high cost of raw material are other production cost.
Since the introduction of austerity measure in 1982 as a result of declined countries foreign exchange earning, this gave rise to the high cost of raw material sourced outside the country.  In line to maintain reasonable cost many industries resonated to finding means of sourcing raw material locally which is cheaper comparatively to foreign sourced.  This drive most of these industries into agriculture in other to produce their own raw material.  For instance, the malt which was used by brewing industries has such replaced by the use of maize, a result of research employed by these brewing industries.
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
The control of cost in any organization is not an easy task, efforts are made to limited cost to the level which can be sustained by the organization.
It therefore become a truism to state that three exist a problem in an organization where the cost method in operation is either not relevant or is not effectively applied to.  Business organization are facing some drawn down in profit as a result of tributary allocation of cost to products and cost centre. This has been rise to:

1. High product cost
2. high product price
3. low turnover rate
4. costing method as usually adopted by an organization

In order to generate adequate cost information which would be
useful to management in the area of planning decision making are control with the price aim of reducing cost while optimizing revenue.