THE IMPACT OF INDUSTRIAL TRAINING (I.T) ON THE STUDENT OF ACCOUNTANCY DEPARTMENT

Click here to download our android mobile app to your phone  for more materials and others

COMPLETE PROJECT  MATERIAL COST 5000 NAIRA OR $10 , 

. A FRESH TOPIC NOT LISTED ON OUR WEBSITE COST 50,000 NAIRA ( UNDERGRADUATE) OR 100,000 FOR SECOND DEGREE STUDENTS. $500. PLUS  FREE SUPPORT UNTIL YOU FINISH YOUR PROJECT WORK. CONTACT US TODAY, WE MAKE A DIFFERENT. DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.  DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.

Note: our case study can be change to suit your desire location . we are here for your success.

                                   ORDER NOW

Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

ATM CARD:  YOU CAN ALSO MAKE PAYMENT USING YOUR ATM CARD OR ONLINE TRANSFER. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR BANKER SECURITY GUIDE ON HOW TO TRANSFER MONEY TO OTHER BANKS USING YOUR ATM CARD. ATM CARD OR ONLINE BANK TRANSFER IS FASTER FOR QUICK DELIVERY TO YOUR EMAIL . OUR MARKETER WILL RESPOND TO YOU ANY TIME OF THE DAY. WE SUPPORT CBN CASHLESS SOCIETY. 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS  LESS THAN 2 HOURS

How to transfer from your bank account to All  Nigeria banks without internet

1. Access Bank:
—-*901#

2. EcoBank:
—-*326#

3. Fidelity Bank:
—-*770#

4. FCMB:
—-*389*214#

5. First Bank
—-*894#

6. GTB:
—-*737#

7. Heritage Bank:
—-*322*030#

8. Keystone Bank:
—-*322*082#

9. Sky Bank:
—-*389*076*1#

10. Stanbic IBTC:
—-*909#

11. Sterling Bank:
—-*822#

12. UBA:
—-*389*033*1#

13. Unity Bank:
—-*322*215#

14. Zenith Bank:
—-*966#

15. Diamond Bank
—-*710*555#

To know your BVN, dial
—-*565*0#.

E.g for First bank…   *894 *Amount *Acct. No. #

Please dail d code from d number u used to register d account from the bank

CALL OKEKE CHIDI C ON :  08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE  YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 2 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.   

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE

 

ABSTRACT

This research was carried out to find the impact of an industrial training on accountancy students in IMT Enugu.

The project was divided into three chapters, chapter one dealt with background of the study, scope of the study, limitation of the study.

Chapter two also talked about the historical background of industrial training final, industrial work experience scheme for accountancy students and the importance of SIWES to the accounting students.

Finally the last chapter, which is the conclusion also looked at the findings and made some recommendations.

 

 

 

 

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 CHAPTER ONE  INTRODUCTION

1.1     BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

1.2     STATEMENT OF THE STUDY

1.3     PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

1.4     SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

1.5     SCOPE OF THE STUDY

1.6     LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

1.7     DEFINITION OF TAX

          RESEARCH QUESTION

CHAPTER TWO –

2.1     RELATED LITERATURE REVIEW

2.2     HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF INDUSTRIAL TRAINING FUND/DEVELOPMENT OF SWIES AIMS.

2.3     INDUSTRIAL WORK EXPERIENCE SCHEME IN ACCOUNTANCY

2.4     IMPORTANCE OF SIWES TO ACCOUNTANCY STUDENT

 

CHAPTER THREE- SUMMARY OF FINDINGS,

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

3.1     CONCLUSION

3.2     RECOMMENDATION

BIBLIOGRAPHY

CHAPTER ONE

 

INTRODUCTION

• BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

As a result of growing school leavers, unemployment in the

1970’s, the Nigeria government introduced to new national policy on education in 1981.  a major provision of the policy was the introduction of the teaching of financial studies (accounts) at the junior secondly school (JSS) level with emphasis on total acquisition of practical skills, values and knowledge that would enable the individual live incoming fully in the society.

One of the reasons for the emphasis on the subject is to equip its graduates with the needed skills for gainful employment even if they terminate their formal education the junior secondary school level.

One basic necessity for the relevant teaching facilities including qualified teachers groped with practical skills.

This ensure that course are taught according to the curriculum and using appropriate methodology for the subjects.

It is nor possible to teach a student to operate a computer line effectively without the computer machine, non is it possible to teach a student to operate a proportional spacing of typewriter without such a typewriter.  For teachers to teach financial subjects (accounts) they must have a through knowledge of the subject and certified in the area so that they can demonstrate the skill properly for the students to understand and emulate, Noel (1971) and Thompson (1964).  These writers stressed that the individual will acquire skill and reach the stated goal by practicing.  This they believe that the individual in addition to this should be given enough practice to enable him master the art.

On the other hand.  Anano (1986) said that it is not only expected to seek out identify create or anticipate human needs but it is also required to create through the harassing of the totality of human ingenuity and knowledge of all the amount or goods and services that are needed to satisfy those wants and reads.

In order to enhance the study of financial studies.  There is need for student to go filed trip for these will permit students to study equipment and the layout of the office and stages and to observe employment at works routine business procedure and study the relationship between departments.

1. The operational guidelines issued from the office of industrial works experience for each set of students which should be related to their academic discipline should be jointly worked out by the educational institutions and employers.

 

2. That details of works experience programme for each set of students placed with different employers should be dispatched to reach the appropriate area or office for approval before student have their various institution to begin the attachment.

For effective and efficient work guidelines are followed. From observation, the researcher believes so many other authors that students to the realities of the word of work in the various disciplines.  It enables students watch theoretical classroom knowledge with practical work environment through practice.  Nwokolo and Ekwe (1990) discovered that there is positive relationship between what students were taught in classroom and the actual in the job experience.  The rate relatedness being 87%.

Student industrial work experience scheme is armed at promoting the most desired knowledge of technology for the advancement of the nation since it was recalled that SWIES Programmes was originally designed fro professional course such as environmental studies, engineering, vocational.

The decree No. 47 of 8^th October, 1991, defined the objectives of the industrial training fund as the promotion and encouragement or acquisition.

On the part of the students some of them see themselves as having observation statures being on a learning process and as such do not work conscientiously to wards the achievement of organizational goals, while other see themselves as parts and parcel of the organization hence contributing meaningful towards it success.

• STATEEMNT OF PROBLEMS

The statement of problems that are encountered the industrial

training are as follows: –

1. The problem of coming to work taste, will make the managing director (MD) not to be happy with your co-operation with them.
2. The problem of not be able to make good use fo the equipment given to the accounting students to operate

The problem of being unlearned about the activities that one going on i

INTERNAL CONTROL AS A TOOL FOR EFFICIENT MANAGEMENT,

(A CASE STUDY OF P & CO FEED LIMITED)

Click here to download our android mobile app to your phone  for more materials and others

COMPLETE PROJECT  MATERIAL COST 5000 NAIRA OR $10 , 

. A FRESH TOPIC NOT LISTED ON OUR WEBSITE COST 50,000 NAIRA ( UNDERGRADUATE) OR 100,000 FOR SECOND DEGREE STUDENTS. $500. PLUS  FREE SUPPORT UNTIL YOU FINISH YOUR PROJECT WORK. CONTACT US TODAY, WE MAKE A DIFFERENT. DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.  DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.

Note: our case study can be change to suit your desire location . we are here for your success.

                                   ORDER NOW

Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

ATM CARD:  YOU CAN ALSO MAKE PAYMENT USING YOUR ATM CARD OR ONLINE TRANSFER. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR BANKER SECURITY GUIDE ON HOW TO TRANSFER MONEY TO OTHER BANKS USING YOUR ATM CARD. ATM CARD OR ONLINE BANK TRANSFER IS FASTER FOR QUICK DELIVERY TO YOUR EMAIL . OUR MARKETER WILL RESPOND TO YOU ANY TIME OF THE DAY. WE SUPPORT CBN CASHLESS SOCIETY. 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS  LESS THAN 2 HOURS

How to transfer from your bank account to All  Nigeria banks without internet

1. Access Bank:
—-*901#

2. EcoBank:
—-*326#

3. Fidelity Bank:
—-*770#

4. FCMB:
—-*389*214#

5. First Bank
—-*894#

6. GTB:
—-*737#

7. Heritage Bank:
—-*322*030#

8. Keystone Bank:
—-*322*082#

9. Sky Bank:
—-*389*076*1#

10. Stanbic IBTC:
—-*909#

11. Sterling Bank:
—-*822#

12. UBA:
—-*389*033*1#

13. Unity Bank:
—-*322*215#

14. Zenith Bank:
—-*966#

15. Diamond Bank
—-*710*555#

To know your BVN, dial
—-*565*0#.

E.g for First bank…   *894 *Amount *Acct. No. #

Please dail d code from d number u used to register d account from the bank

CALL OKEKE CHIDI C ON :  08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE  YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 2 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.   

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE

 

ABTSRACT

 

This project was carried out wit the sole aim of investigating the internal control system as a toll for efficient management using Peco feeds as a case of study.

The project is divided into many chapters, chapter one is introduction, and chapter tow is review of the related literature. Chapter three is research methodology, chapter four presentation and analysis of data and also the organization structure of Peco feeds Limited while chapter s the recommendation and conclusion

The study toll used is oral interview, use of questionnaire, reading and journals and personal observation

The study covers the following area of the system records, physical facilities, personnel, procedures, organizational structure and control. Some findings were made at the adequacy and effectiveness of control system and some necessary recommendation made.

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENT

 

Title page

Approval page

Dedication

Acknowledgement

Abstract

Table of content

 

CHAPTER ONE:

1.1   Introduction

1.2   Statement of the problem

1.3   Objective of study

1.4   Significance of study

1.5   Statement of the hypothesis

1.6   Scope of the study

1.7   Scope of the study

1.8   Definitions of terms

 

CHAPTER TWO:

2.1     Review of the related literature

2.2     Introductions

2.3     Division of internal control

2.4     Fundamental practical applications

2.5     Behavior consideration

2.6     Non – profit controls

2.6     Internal check

2.7     Internal audits

2.8     The development and need for internal audit

2.9     The responsibilities of internal audit

2.10   Requirement for effective audit

 

CHAPTER THREE

3.1     Research design and methodology

3.2     Pupation and sample size

3.4     Instrument of data collection

3.5     Sample used

3.6     Response rate

 

CHAPTER FOUR

4.1     Data analysis and interpretation

4.2     Data presentation and analysis

4.3     Test of hypothesis

 

CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1     Summary of the findings

5.2     Conclusion

5.3     Recommendation

 

BIBLIOGRAPHY

APPENDIX / QUESTIONNAIRE

CHAPTER ONE

 

INTRODUCTION

The study of this internal control system of an organization is like the study of an anatomy of man. In word of Peter Druker” Good organizational structure dose not buy itself produce good performance just like a good constitution dose not guarantee great presidents or good laws a moral society. But a poor organizational structure makes good performance impossible, no matter how good the individual managers”.

Promised on this dictum, it is therefore obvious that the organizational structures of an establishment will greatly determine to what extent the organization is to be managed. In some organizations, jobs are not properly defined, duties are not efficiently assigned to the right persons and functions are sometimes duplicated with the result that in fighting within the organization results in sub-optimization. By this I mean that each staff and sub-manager try to impress the management and often times to the detriment of the overall goal of the organization.

 

A good internal control system ensures that functions/duties are properly defined and that duties are properly are properly assigned to qualified staff and that there is an inbuilt control in the system to ensure feedback, detection and correction of errors in good time.

It is the overall good of any organization to ensure its continued existence and growth hence establishments set up certain units/departments in their organization to ensure that its good is achieved to a reasonable degree.

The internal audit is one such unit established by the management to ensure compliance to policy instructions and to correct for correction deviation from the management set guideline .it objectively examines, evaluates and reports on the adequacy of the internal control, thereby ensuring efficient and effective application of limited resources.

Internal check is also another internal control tool employed by the management to ensure that the objective of the organization is attained.

The entire system of check internal audit and internal check, which is geared towards the attainment of the organizations goal, is called internal control.

 

Internal control has different definitions but most widely accepted is that of the statement of accounting standard (SAS) which defined internal control as “not only internal check and internal audit, but the whole system of controls, financial and otherwise establi9shed by management in order to carry on business of the company in an orderly manner, safeguard its assets and secure as far as possible the accuracy and reliability of its records”. The internal control system should be an open one and should be cheap, conveniently manipulated by management to ensure completeness and accuracy of records and also prevent or uncover errors and fraud. It should be based on the overall view of the organization and should provide information for all uses of the system.

 

STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS

In very human endeavor, problems and difficulties will arise. Manufacturing is not an exception to this rule

 

 

 

The common problems encountered include:

THE DUTIES AND OBLIGATIONS OF THE GOVERNOR OF CENTRAL BANK OF NIGERIA TO THE FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS

Click here to download our android mobile app to your phone  for more materials and others

COMPLETE PROJECT  MATERIAL COST 5000 NAIRA OR $10 , 

. A FRESH TOPIC NOT LISTED ON OUR WEBSITE COST 50,000 NAIRA ( UNDERGRADUATE) OR 100,000 FOR SECOND DEGREE STUDENTS. $500. PLUS  FREE SUPPORT UNTIL YOU FINISH YOUR PROJECT WORK. CONTACT US TODAY, WE MAKE A DIFFERENT. DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.  DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.

Note: our case study can be change to suit your desire location . we are here for your success.

                                   ORDER NOW

Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

ATM CARD:  YOU CAN ALSO MAKE PAYMENT USING YOUR ATM CARD OR ONLINE TRANSFER. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR BANKER SECURITY GUIDE ON HOW TO TRANSFER MONEY TO OTHER BANKS USING YOUR ATM CARD. ATM CARD OR ONLINE BANK TRANSFER IS FASTER FOR QUICK DELIVERY TO YOUR EMAIL . OUR MARKETER WILL RESPOND TO YOU ANY TIME OF THE DAY. WE SUPPORT CBN CASHLESS SOCIETY. 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS  LESS THAN 2 HOURS

How to transfer from your bank account to All  Nigeria banks without internet

1. Access Bank:
—-*901#

2. EcoBank:
—-*326#

3. Fidelity Bank:
—-*770#

4. FCMB:
—-*389*214#

5. First Bank
—-*894#

6. GTB:
—-*737#

7. Heritage Bank:
—-*322*030#

8. Keystone Bank:
—-*322*082#

9. Sky Bank:
—-*389*076*1#

10. Stanbic IBTC:
—-*909#

11. Sterling Bank:
—-*822#

12. UBA:
—-*389*033*1#

13. Unity Bank:
—-*322*215#

14. Zenith Bank:
—-*966#

15. Diamond Bank
—-*710*555#

To know your BVN, dial
—-*565*0#.

E.g for First bank…   *894 *Amount *Acct. No. #

Please dail d code from d number u used to register d account from the bank

CALL OKEKE CHIDI C ON :  08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE  YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 2 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.   

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE

 

PREFACE

Governor of Central bank are set up to regulate and formulate policies that help to guide the financial institutions.     It is the aim of this research work is to find out how the governor of Central Banks; duties and obligations are examined to the financial institutions. This research work has three chapters.

Chapter one contains a general discussion of the Central bank of Nigeria & other financial institutions as seen by different people. It went further to state how central bank came into existence such as the introduction.

In otherworld, chapter two talks about the duties and obligation of governor of central bank to the financial institution. And also talks about the decision and control of governor of central bank to financial institutions.

Finally, the last institution would put the recommendation made in this research, there will not only be satisfaction in the financial institution economy service offered, but a standard increase in a financial institutions to the nations’ economy.

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

• BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY 1
• STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMS 4
• THE NEED OF THE STUDY 5
• SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY 6
• RESEARCH PROPOSITION 6

CHAPTER TWO

• THE DUTIES OF THE GOVERNOR 8
• THE OBLIGATIONS OF THE GOVERNOR 10
• THE CONTROL OF THE GOVERNOR 12

 

CHAPTER THREE

• SUMMARY OF FINDINGS 14
• CONCLUSION                                                     15
• RECOMMENDATIONS 17
• BIBLIOGRAPHY 19

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND TO THER STUDY

like case in many countries, commercial banking started in Nigeria long before the central bank was established where as the first commercial bank branch was established in Nigeria as far back as 1892, it was only in 1958 (66 years) after that the central bank of Nigeria was established by the bank of Nigeria act of 1958. it started full operations on 1^st July 1959.

Prior to the establishment of the central bank of Nigeria, the role of a central bank was partially performed by the British government in 1912. this body was established to perform the primary role of issuing a West African currency in all the five countries that were British Colonies.

When British gained a higher control of Nigeria and some other West African Countries, the need for monetary control arose. In 1912, the colonial government set up a committee headed by Lord Emott from England, to study “ways and means of dealing two basic  necessities. One was financing the needs of the export trade of the expatriate firms in West Africa (Nwankwo 1980:1).

Following the recommendation of lord Emott committee, the West African currency Board (WACB) was established in November 1912. It was charged with following three objectives:

1. To issue a West African currency.
2. To ensure a speed convertibility of his currency with the old sliver currency before it and
3. To provide a means whereby the colonial governments share in the profits of the currency issue.

As Nigeria moved towards independence, the nationalist began to agitate for the establishment of a central bank because the West African currency board had many short coming.

These short coming are as follows:

1. The WACB could not engage in management as a full fledge central bank. In could not make its own monetary policy, and even the currency it issued is directly tied to the British pound for instance, when it receive one British pound. It issues one West African pound.
2. The board failed to train Nigerians in the art managed by foreigners.
3. It failed to invest its reserves and profits in Nigeria since it was investing its reserves and profits in Nigeria since it was investing its reserve overseas.

In 1952 and 1957, the colonial government commissioned three separate groups to advise the government on what to do which are:

1. Fisher commissions of enquiry 1953
2. world bank (I.B.R.D) 1953 and lastly
3. B Loynes commission – 1957

It was finally, in 1^st July, 1959 that the Central Bank of Nigeria opened its doors for business. It was on that day that the first time Nigeria currency was issued.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS

The central bank of Nigeria, an apex financial institution, charged with the responsibility of managing cost, volume, availability and direction of money and credit with a view achieving some economic obje

RATIO ANALYSIS AS A BANK LENDING TOOL

(A CASE STUDY OF UNION BANK OF NIGERIA, OGUI ROAD, ENUGU)

Click here to download our android mobile app to your phone  for more materials and others

COMPLETE PROJECT  MATERIAL COST 5000 NAIRA OR $10 , 

. A FRESH TOPIC NOT LISTED ON OUR WEBSITE COST 50,000 NAIRA ( UNDERGRADUATE) OR 100,000 FOR SECOND DEGREE STUDENTS. $500. PLUS  FREE SUPPORT UNTIL YOU FINISH YOUR PROJECT WORK. CONTACT US TODAY, WE MAKE A DIFFERENT. DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.  DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.

Note: our case study can be change to suit your desire location . we are here for your success.

                                   ORDER NOW

Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

ATM CARD:  YOU CAN ALSO MAKE PAYMENT USING YOUR ATM CARD OR ONLINE TRANSFER. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR BANKER SECURITY GUIDE ON HOW TO TRANSFER MONEY TO OTHER BANKS USING YOUR ATM CARD. ATM CARD OR ONLINE BANK TRANSFER IS FASTER FOR QUICK DELIVERY TO YOUR EMAIL . OUR MARKETER WILL RESPOND TO YOU ANY TIME OF THE DAY. WE SUPPORT CBN CASHLESS SOCIETY. 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS  LESS THAN 2 HOURS

How to transfer from your bank account to All  Nigeria banks without internet

1. Access Bank:
—-*901#

2. EcoBank:
—-*326#

3. Fidelity Bank:
—-*770#

4. FCMB:
—-*389*214#

5. First Bank
—-*894#

6. GTB:
—-*737#

7. Heritage Bank:
—-*322*030#

8. Keystone Bank:
—-*322*082#

9. Sky Bank:
—-*389*076*1#

10. Stanbic IBTC:
—-*909#

11. Sterling Bank:
—-*822#

12. UBA:
—-*389*033*1#

13. Unity Bank:
—-*322*215#

14. Zenith Bank:
—-*966#

15. Diamond Bank
—-*710*555#

To know your BVN, dial
—-*565*0#.

E.g for First bank…   *894 *Amount *Acct. No. #

Please dail d code from d number u used to register d account from the bank

CALL OKEKE CHIDI C ON :  08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE  YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 2 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.   

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE

 

CHAPTER ONE:

• Introduction

1.1     Background of the study

• Statement of problems
• Objectives of the study
• Significance of the study
• Scope and limitations of study
• Hypothesis of the study
• Brief history of the Union Bank of Nig. Plc
• Definition of Terms

CHAPTER TWO:

• Literature Review

2.1     Concepts of Bank lending

• Objectives of Bank lending
• Basic principles of lending
• Constraints/Problems of lending
• Purposes of Ratio Analysis
• Profile of Union Bank
• Objectives/Functions of Union Bank
• Achievements/Challenges

CHAPTER THREE:

• Research Design and Methodology

3.1     Introduction

• Sources of data
• Research population
• Primary and Secondary Data
• Sampling Method used
• Sample Plan and Sample Size
• Questionnaire Design
• Description of Respondents
• Method of Data Analysis

CHAPTER FOUR:

• Data presentation and analysis on findings

4.1     Data presentation

• Data analysis
• Interpretation of results
• Test of hypothesis

CHAPTER FIVE:

• Summary/Recommendation and Conclusion

5.1     Discussion of findings

• Conclusion
• Recommendations

Bibliography

Appendix

 

ABSTRACT

This study seeks to study the bank lending functions in Nigerian banks, with a view to ironing out the factors militating against the attainment of sound lending which contribute in no small measure to the non-recovery of loans.  Investigating the extent to which ratio analysis assist bank managers in their decision in lending.  Bank lending is merely the assessment and evaluation of bankable proposition with the objective of extending credit facilities on terms and conditions acceptable to both lender and borrower.  The rationale behind bank lending is presumably the desire to attain social and economic objectives for the society and profit for the banks.

Over the years, there has been a transition from an era of paper profits to an era of losses.  In fact, many banks no longer lend delinquent debtors to honour their obligations.  All these and many more are discussed in this project because one of the most important tasks of ratio analysis is assisting the financial managers to achieve efficiency through the provision of suitable financial information.

In carrying out the above mentioned functions, research questions were used in analysis formulated.  Relevant tables were built on the data collected and percentages were used in analysizing the data.  The hypothesis which states that “RATIO ANALYSIS does not help financial managers or does not serve as a lending too” was tested from the responses and found to be wrong.  Based on the findings, some recommendations were put forward which, if adopted will go a long way in enhancing the effectiveness and reliability of using ratio analysis in evaluating the financial performance of a given institution in a given period before lending.

CHAPTER ONE

 

• INTRODUCTION:

1.1     BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY:

Bank lending is concerned with provision of funds for needy customers as loans from the savings of the fund surplus units paid into the bank.  Due to the established fact that the saved fund is at the disposal of the bank for specified period, the bank can thus provide these funds to their customers who may have greater use for these funds at the time.

The reason behind bank lending is the need to attain some economic growth through lending to already existing businesses for expansion and to individuals with entrepreneurial prospects to set up businesses and for making profit by far one of the most services provided by banks.  It is the corner stone of a bank.  Great care thus has to be exercised in this activity.

In the lending by banks, some lending policies should be adhered to, some questions should be addressed regarding:

• Who is the bank lending to?
• How honest is this customer?
• What is the reputation of this customer at a time?
• How much can the bank lend to a customer at a time?

Judgment in lending is the real test of a bank’s skill and as such the health of the business and not just the customer should be of a great interest to the bank. Banks suffer great losses following the non-payment of loans.  Banks should develop carefully into an analysis and use of the financial statements before lending.  This analysis involves the assessment of a company’s or borrower’s past; present and anticipated future financial condition that could lead to future problems and to determine any strength that the company/ borrower might capitalize on.

The tools for the financial statement analysis are the financial ratios which can be used to answer some important questions regarding a company’s/ customer’s well-being.

Such very important questions regarding are:

• How liquid is the company?
• Is management generating sufficient profits from the company’s assets?
• How does the company’s management finance its investments?

The answer to these questions in two words are RATIO ANALYSIS.

According to UBAKA (1996), ratio is defined as a useful tool with which to analyse a set of financial statements.  It is the only such tool available to accountants to analyse a set of financial statements.  Ratio is the arithmetic relationship between two figures in a set of financial statement.  It can be presented in a number of forms.  The particular form of presentation chosen for any relationship examined is the one which the analyst can best interpret, for instance, some people prefer to look at the periods, while others prefer percentage presentation.

The three basic financial statements which form the bedrock from which the financial ratios are usually computed for analysis are:

(a)      Balance sheet which represents a statement of financial position of a firm at a given period of time, including asset-holding, liabilities and owner’s equity.

(b)     Profit and loss statement (which is sometimes referred to as income statement) presents a measure of the net profit results of the firm’s operations over a specified interval.  It is computed on an accrual rather than on a cash basis.

(c)      Statement of charges in financial position (which is also known as sources and use of adds statement provides an accounting for the sources provided during a specified period and the uses which they are put).

Analysis of the above financial statements employing financial ratios requires low arithmetical skill.    Ratios are of use principally to the higher levels of management, who are responsible for maximizing profits and planning for the future.  One must understand the inner workings of the financial ratios and the significance of various financial relationship to interpret he data bearing in financial analysis as to provide information about an establishment and such information do not be limited to accounting data.  Ratios based on past performance may be helpful in predicting future earnings capacity and financial projections of an establishment.  We must beware of the different limitations of such data.  Financial statement is merely a summary records of the past and we have go beyond the financial statement and look into the nature of the organization, its position within economy, its activities, its research expenditures and above all, the quality of its engagement before granting loan (MATHER 1979).  Financial ratios are of four types and are used to analyse the financial position of a firm.  They are:

1.       Liquidity Ratios:  These ratios indicate the firm’s capacity to meet short-run obligations.  Liquidity ratios measure the firm’s ability to fulfill short-term commitments out of its liquid assets.  These ratios particularly interest the firm’s short-term creditors liquid assets include accounts receivable and other debts owed to the firm which will generate cash when those debts are paid in the near future.  Also included are cash and other assets as marke

COST-VOLUME-PROFIT ANALYSIS AS A MANAGEMENT TOOL FOR DECISION MAKING

A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIAN BREWERIES PLC

Click here to download our android mobile app to your phone  for more materials and others

COMPLETE PROJECT  MATERIAL COST 5000 NAIRA OR $10 , 

. A FRESH TOPIC NOT LISTED ON OUR WEBSITE COST 50,000 NAIRA ( UNDERGRADUATE) OR 100,000 FOR SECOND DEGREE STUDENTS. $500. PLUS  FREE SUPPORT UNTIL YOU FINISH YOUR PROJECT WORK. CONTACT US TODAY, WE MAKE A DIFFERENT. DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.  DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.

Note: our case study can be change to suit your desire location . we are here for your success.

                                   ORDER NOW

Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

ATM CARD:  YOU CAN ALSO MAKE PAYMENT USING YOUR ATM CARD OR ONLINE TRANSFER. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR BANKER SECURITY GUIDE ON HOW TO TRANSFER MONEY TO OTHER BANKS USING YOUR ATM CARD. ATM CARD OR ONLINE BANK TRANSFER IS FASTER FOR QUICK DELIVERY TO YOUR EMAIL . OUR MARKETER WILL RESPOND TO YOU ANY TIME OF THE DAY. WE SUPPORT CBN CASHLESS SOCIETY. 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS  LESS THAN 2 HOURS

How to transfer from your bank account to All  Nigeria banks without internet

1. Access Bank:
—-*901#

2. EcoBank:
—-*326#

3. Fidelity Bank:
—-*770#

4. FCMB:
—-*389*214#

5. First Bank
—-*894#

6. GTB:
—-*737#

7. Heritage Bank:
—-*322*030#

8. Keystone Bank:
—-*322*082#

9. Sky Bank:
—-*389*076*1#

10. Stanbic IBTC:
—-*909#

11. Sterling Bank:
—-*822#

12. UBA:
—-*389*033*1#

13. Unity Bank:
—-*322*215#

14. Zenith Bank:
—-*966#

15. Diamond Bank
—-*710*555#

To know your BVN, dial
—-*565*0#.

E.g for First bank…   *894 *Amount *Acct. No. #

Please dail d code from d number u used to register d account from the bank

CALL OKEKE CHIDI C ON :  08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE  YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 2 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.   

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE

 

 

ABSTRACT

This research investigation is focused on the use of Cost-Volume-Profit analysis as a Management tool for decision making using Nigerian Breweries Plc as a case study.

Cost-Volume-Profit (CVP) analysis narrowly called break-even analysis, is the application of marginal costing and seeks to study the relationship between costs, volume and profits at differing activity levels and can be a useful guide for short-term planning and decision making.

There are series of relationship between costs, volume of production and profit.  An understanding of these relationship are useful to management.  Cost-volume-profit relationship as a decision making device that considers the inherent relationship between cost, volume of production and the profit that is made.

This research study is divided into five chapters.  Chapter one is introduction which includes background of the study, statement of the problem, objectives of the study, significance of the study, research questions, hypothesis, scope and limitation of the study and definition of terms.

Chapter two deals with review of related literatures on cost-volume-profit analysis as a management tool for decision making.

Chapter three deals with research design and methodology.

Chapter four involves presentation, analysis and interpretation of data.

Finally chapter five is summary of findings, conclusion and recommendations.

CHAPTER ONE

• Introduction

1.1     Background of study

• Statement of the problem
• Objectives of the study
• Significance of the study
• Research Questions
• Research Hypothesis
• Scope and Limitation of the study
• Definition of terms

 

CHAPTER TWO

• Literature Review

2.1     An Overview of Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis

• Cost-Volume-Profit Limitations

 

• Break-Even Analysis A Traditional View of the

Cost-Volume-Profit Relation

• Graphical Approach to break-even Analysis
• Formular method of finding break point
• The multi- product cost-volume-profit analysis
• Decision making function
• Other tools for decision making and control

 

CHAPTER THREE:

• Research design and methodology

3.1     Sources of data

• Primary sources of data
  • Personal/Oral interview
  • Questionnaire method
• Secondary sources of data
• Population and sample size determination
• Method of data collection
• Method of validating the instrument
• Method of data analysis

 

CHAPTER FOUR:

• Data Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation

4.1     Preliminary information

• Data analysis
• Testing and interpretation of hypothesis

 

CHAPTER FIVE

• Summary of Findings, Conclusions and Recommendations

5.1     Summary of findings

• Conclusions
• Recommendations

Bibliography

Questionnaire

 

CHAPTER ONE

 

• INTRODUCTION

1.1     BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY:

Orjih (2001), defined cost-volume-profit analysis as “specific way of presenting and studying the inter-relationship between costs, volumes and profits”.  According to him, it provides information to management in a most lucid and precise manner.  It establishes a relationship between revenues and costs with respect to volumes.  It indicates the level of sales at which costs and revenue are in equilibrium.  This equilibrium point is commonly known as Break even point.  The break-even point is the point of sales volume at which total revenues is equal to total costs.  It is a point of zero profit.

According to Brown et al (1997), “some industries today are encountering problems raised by expansion through increased sales and the introduction of new products.  Many on the other hand are facing problem of contraction due to the introduction of substitute materials, products or reduced demand for their products.  Whichever is the case, it is vitally important that management should be in a clear position to plan for these changing levels of activity”.

Apart from the problem of contraction and expansion, during the period of economic depression, a business may be faced with the alternative of closing down or selling its products at a price below the total cost.  Also profit planning and control is made more difficult by the changes in the general pattern of demand for the type of products offered and the action of competitors.

In order to solve the problem created by the above situations, profit planning, cost control and decision making require an understanding of the characteristics of costs and their behaviour at different operating levels.  One of the most important tools developed by accountants to assist management in meeting these challenges is cost-volume-profit analysis.

 

• STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM:

This study entitled “cost-volume-profit analysis as a management tool for decision making” goes to suggest how the application of cost-volume-profit analysis has helped managers in making decisions of the firm to ensure its growth and survival.

The challenges facing management are enormous particularly during this period of economic depression and