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COMPUTERIZED AUDIT SYSTEM: ISSUES, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS

(A CASE STUDY OF AKINTOLA WILLIAMS DELOITTE, ABUJA)

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COMPLETE PROJECT MATERIAL COST 5000 NAIRA OR $10 ,

. A FRESH TOPIC NOT LISTED ON OUR WEBSITE COST 50,000 NAIRA ( UNDERGRADUATE) OR 100,000 FOR SECOND DEGREE STUDENTS. $500. PLUS FREE SUPPORT UNTIL YOU FINISH YOUR PROJECT WORK. CONTACT US TODAY, WE MAKE A DIFFERENT. DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED. DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.

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Account Name : Chi E-Concept Int’l
ACCOUNT NUMBER: 0115939447

First Bank:
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
Account Name: 3059320631

Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
Account Number: 0117780667.
Swift Code: GTBINGLA
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OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS LESS THAN 2 HOURS

How to transfer from your bank account to All Nigeria banks without internet

1. Access Bank:
—-*901#

2. EcoBank:
—-*326#

3. Fidelity Bank:
—-*770#

4. FCMB:
—-*389*214#

5. First Bank
—-*894#

6. GTB:
—-*737#

7. Heritage Bank:
—-*322*030#

8. Keystone Bank:
—-*322*082#

9. Sky Bank:
—-*389*076*1#

10. Stanbic IBTC:
—-*909#

11. Sterling Bank:
—-*822#

12. UBA:
—-*389*033*1#

13. Unity Bank:
—-*322*215#

14. Zenith Bank:
—-*966#

15. Diamond Bank
—-*710*555#

To know your BVN, dial
—-*565*0#.

E.g for First bank… *894 *Amount *Acct. No. #

Please dail d code from d number u used to register d account from the bank

CALL OKEKE CHIDI C ON : 08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 2 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.

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ABSTRACT

This research work “Computerized Audit System: Issues, Problems and Prospects” (A Case Study of Akintola Williams Deloitte Abuja). Tries to examine the advantages of computerized auditing. To assess the computerized audit procedure in Akintola Williams Deloitte and see how they combat fraud and errors. The methods of data collection used were the primary and secondary sources. Simple percentage used to analyze the research questions. Senior Auditors 40%, Middle class Auditors 40% and Management 20%. The computerized auditing is however not totally lost because since it aids the auditor to discover and advise claims on areas where profitable investment can be made and areas where problems are likely to arise. The computer aim of auditing firm should be made to produce a computer system manual to enable the auditor develop a relevant audit computerized system.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title page i

Declaration ii

Certification iii

Dedication iv

Acknowledgement v

Abstract vii

Table of contents viii

Chapter One

Introduction

Background of the study 1
Statement of the Problem 4
Hypothesis 4
Objective of the study 5
Scope of the study 6
Significance of the study 6
Delimitations 7
Definition of Terms 8

Chapter Two

Literature Review

Introduction 11
1. Application programs 14
2. Utility program 15
3. Auditor Developed programs 15
4. Auditing around the computer 16
Impact of computer audit on auditors 18
Control over computer use 19
Computer application and tasks for audit 20
Issues involved in computer audit 23
Implication of the auditor 28
Sample computer audit procedure 29
Risks associated with computer 30

Chapter Three

Research Methodology

Methods of data collection 35
Data analysis techniques 36
Research Assumptions 39

Chapter Four

Data Analysis and Presentation

Data analysis 40
Schedule for testing of hull hypothesis 56
Contingency table for testing null hypothesis 58
Decision rule 60

Chapter Five

Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation

Summary 62
Conclusion 64
Recommendations 65

Reference 67

Appendix 69

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Computerized Auditing System: A computer is an electronic device, which works faster than the ordinary human brain. Although a computer has no brain of its own to reason like a human being, it has in-built memories that enable it perform complex mathematical problems as fast as possible, faster than the human brain. The background of computing aids can be traced to China where merchants first made use of ABACUS, while the history of modern day computers is traced to French where Pascal in 1642 invented the First Machine for doing the four fundamental operations of arithmetic in money. This was improved upon by Hervrith in 1671 and recommended for use in the large volume of astronomical calculations required at that time. The first analoque computer was derived from Kelvin Tidal analysis for producing tides.

Since the first office computer LED Ilyans end co-electronic Office was introduced in 1953, machine have increased on speed, reliability and new used in wide range of application without any change in the fundamental principles. The introduction of computer has made accounting such as auditing easier and quicker to perform. The computer is capable of performing a months transaction of auditing work of an organization in a few hours thus reducing the job of the Auditor.

This auditor need to learn about computer programming or at least should be able to follow the transaction trail up to the paint where they are keyed into the computer in form of input since there is usually a Loss of Visible Evidence (LOVE) during operation. The Auditor should be able to relate the input to output. It is also advisable for an Auditor to take a course in computer programming in output data in course of his audit trail.

The fast developing of technology, paper transactions are fast disappearing, consequently, source documents are less available. The introduction and adoption of computer to the Auditor business has led to revolution in data processing methods. They have served as a catalyst to auditing world in the area of efficient, effectiveness, timely and accurate operation of business.

From the foregoing, computerized audit as a way of checking the efficiency and accuracy of data procedures present a fascinating study.

An audit is an independent or objective examination of the financial statement of an entity and the expression of an opinion. It could be inferred that the primary reason of conducting an audit is to enable the Auditor make a report to the effect that the financial statement as prepared by officers of an establishment gives a true and fair view, otherwise to what extent they disagree with the report.

The auditor along side help to ascertain compliance of the organization to operational policies and prescribed standard. This is aimed at increasing the acceptability, dependability and usefulness of financial statement.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The research will be concerned with the problems faced by auditors and will offer solution to them. Those problems are:

Complexity of the computer systems
Non-existence of visible evidence
Possibility of systematic errors
Non retention of files and data

Lack of audit trail. The tracing of

accounting project topics and material preview

THE EVALUATION OF ACCOUNTING CONTROL SYSTEM IN NIGERIA

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THE EVALUATION OF ACCOUNTING CONTROL SYSTEM IN NIGERIA

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COMPLETE PROJECT MATERIAL COST 5000 NAIRA OR $10 ,

Note: our case study can be change to suit your desire location . we are here for your success.

ORDER NOW

MAKE YOUR PAYMENT INTO ANY OF THE FOLLOWING BANKS:

GTBANK
Account Name : Chi E-Concept Int’l
ACCOUNT NUMBER: 0115939447

First Bank:
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
Account Name: 3059320631

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS LESS THAN 2 HOURS

How to transfer from your bank account to All Nigeria banks without internet

1. Access Bank:
—-*901#

2. EcoBank:
—-*326#

3. Fidelity Bank:
—-*770#

4. FCMB:
—-*389*214#

5. First Bank
—-*894#

6. GTB:
—-*737#

7. Heritage Bank:
—-*322*030#

8. Keystone Bank:
—-*322*082#

9. Sky Bank:
—-*389*076*1#

10. Stanbic IBTC:
—-*909#

11. Sterling Bank:
—-*822#

12. UBA:
—-*389*033*1#

13. Unity Bank:
—-*322*215#

14. Zenith Bank:
—-*966#

15. Diamond Bank
—-*710*555#

To know your BVN, dial
—-*565*0#.

E.g for First bank… *894 *Amount *Acct. No. #

Please dail d code from d number u used to register d account from the bank

CALL OKEKE CHIDI C ON : 08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE

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CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

In Nigeria today there is a great need to peer inside the accounting control system of computerized industries, as this action will involve the ratification and the testing of the enterprise control system with special regards to how the industries is operated upon as well as to ensure the effectiveness of the enterprises accounting system.

However, the regulation of business activities under an efficient system of accounting control may obviate the necessity of protracted detail work by auditors with beneficial result for all the parties concerned.

This is because is real life, situations especially with regards to case of fraud and errors in organizations most of the time without the best of intentions may still intentionally or unintentionally make mistake.

It is not surprising however that inmost brewing industries there are cases o stock losses mis-appropriation of funds, embezzlements. Even though there no “prima-facie” evidence of crime being committed, yet the fact and figures of fraud both in private and public sectors are not today’s standard truly staggering in the world.

The individual components or internal control system as know as “control or internal control, these control enable internal check to be placed on result of all.

1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

In the present century, the information system has improved tremendously owing to advancement technology.

The introduction of the electronic computer has provided electro-mechanical capabilities for the recording, reproduction, analysis for effective management of the accounting and business world cannot be over-emphasized if management report are to serve any meaningful purpose they have to be produced on time.

Having a computer system alone is not enough as there has to be effective management team monitor the affairs of the organization.

More so, there are also need for internal control system which becomes the possibilities of errors and fraud occurring is greater in computer system than manual system.

The likehood of discovery is also less. There is need for well designed control system which carefully monitored in operation. Thus, the authors interred to undertake an evaluation of the accounting control in a computerized Nigeria.

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The primary aim of this research is to examine the accounts

Control, in the computer is ends accounting

accounting project topics and material preview

AN APPRAISAL OF THE ROLE OF CASH DEPOSIT BANKS IN AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT

August 1, 2019 projecteasy

AN APPRAISAL OF THE ROLE OF CASH DEPOSIT BANKS IN AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT (A CASE STUDY OF KEYSTONE BANK KADUNA BRANCH)

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COMPLETE PROJECT MATERIAL COST 5000 NAIRA OR $10 ,

Note: our case study can be change to suit your desire location . we are here for your success.

ORDER NOW

MAKE YOUR PAYMENT INTO ANY OF THE FOLLOWING BANKS:

GTBANK
Account Name : Chi E-Concept Int’l
ACCOUNT NUMBER: 0115939447

First Bank:
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
Account Name: 3059320631

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS LESS THAN 2 HOURS

How to transfer from your bank account to All Nigeriabanks

1. Access Bank:
—-*901#

2. EcoBank:
—-*326#

3. Fidelity Bank:
—-*770#

4. FCMB:
—-*389*214#

5. First Bank
—-*894#

6. GTB:
—-*737#

7. Heritage Bank:
—-*322*030#

8. Keystone Bank:
—-*322*082#

9. Sky Bank:
—-*389*076*1#

10. Stanbic IBTC:
—-*909#

11. Sterling Bank:
—-*822#

12. UBA:
—-*389*033*1#

13. Unity Bank:
—-*322*215#

14. Zenith Bank:
—-*966#

15. Diamond Bank
—-*710*555#

To know your BVN, dial
—-*565*0#.

E.g for First bank… *894 *Amount *Acct. No. #

Please dail d code from d number u used to register d account from the bank

CALL OKEKE CHIDI C ON : 08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE

ABSTRACT

The subject of this study is An appraisal of the role of cash deposit banks in Agricultural development the purpose of the study is to review and evaluate the performance of bank PHB particular reference to its function and roles as it relates to the agricultural sector of the Nigerian economy. References were made to preview researchers by various authors, views are thoroughly examined comments are made where necessary. In collection of data various methods were asked such as questionnaire journals, magazine etc the data collection from the agricultural customers of Bank PHB, the management of the bank was analyzed in order to access relation to the problems. This work is designed to solve Agricultural development and training in Nigeria suffered series of neglect since the discovery of oil in Nigeria. Various efforts both by the military and civilian regimes to bring it back to it pre-oil period have not met with adequate result.
TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title page – – – – – – – – – i
Approval – – – – – – – – – ii
Declaration – – – – – – – – – iii
Dedication – – – – – – – – – iv
Acknowledgement – – – – – – – – v
Abstract – – – – – – – – – – vi
Table of content – – – – – – – – – vii
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 Backgrounds to the study – – – – – – – 1
1.2 Statements of the problems – – – – – – – 2
1.3 Objective of the study – – – – – – – – 3
1.4 Research hypothesis – – – – – – – – 4
1.5 Significant of the study – – – – – – – 4
1.6 Scope of the study – – – – – – – – 5
1.7 Historical background of the case study – – – – – – 6
1,8 Definition of terms – – – – – – – – 7

CHAPTER TWO: Literature review
2.1 Introduction – – – – – – – – – 9
2.2 Brief history of commercial banking in Nigeria – – – – – 10
2.3 Banking decree of 1967 – – – – – – – 11
2.4 Brief history of commercial banking in relation to agricultural development – – – 11
2.5 Brief history of key stone bank – – – – – – – 12
2.6 Problems encountered by commercial bank in relations to agricultural development- – 14
2.7 Roles of commercial banks in agricultural financing in Nigeria – – – – 16
2.8 Analysis of loan and advances to the agricultural sector by key stone bank- – – 17
2.9 Conclusion – – – – – – – – – – 20
CHAPTER THREE
Research methodology
3.1 Introduction – – – – – – – – – 21
3.2 Area if the study – – – – – – – – 22
3.3 Population and sample size – – – – – – – 23
3.4 Sampling techniques – – – – – – – – 24
3.5 Sources and methods if data collection- – – – – – – 24
3.6 Justification for the choice – – – – – – – 26

CHAPTER FOUR
Data presentation and analysis
4.0 Introduction – – – – – – – – – 27
4.1 Data presentation – – – – – – – – 27
4.2 Data presentation and interpretation – – – – – – 28
4.3 Testing of hypothesis – – – – – – – – 34
4.4 summary of findings – – – – – – – – 37
CHAPTER FIVE
Summary Conclusion and Recommendation
5.0 Introduction – – – – – – – – – 38
5.1 Summary – – – – – – – – – 38
5.2 Conclusion – – – – – – – – – 39
5.3 Limitation of the study – – – – – – – – 40
5.4 Limitation of the study – – – – – – – – 42
5.4 Recommendation – – – – – – – – – 53
Bibliography- – – – – – – – – – 45
Appendix – – – – – – – – – 465

CHAPTER ONE
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
There is no doubt among observers that Nigeria as a country is rich in humans and mineral resources (most of which still remain untapped) having an estimate population of about 140 million people. Prior to the advent of the oil boom in 1973/1974 agriculture was the main source if revenue generation of the country’s economy, for example the famous land groundnut pyramids, cotton processing machines both in the northern part and cocoa in the southern part of Nigeria. Infact history will go down to let us know the basic fact that during this era Nigeria was resident in product and as the main source of internal trade, Nigeria use to export the surplus to other desirous nations of the world, it was through this sources that Nigeria was able to finance the cost of oil extract with the advent of oil the oil sector eventually emerged as nations main foreign exchange earners amounting to over 90% of other country’s foreign exchange and about 89% of the total revenue to the government. Realizing this dangerous phenomena, the government under took intensive campaign in order to enlighten the citizen, the importance of self reliance especially in food production, local musicians chiefs and emirs were not left behind, hence the introduction of festivals at the end of the deserving farmers.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMS
Agricultural development and financing In Nigeria suffered severe neglect since the discovery of oil in Nigeria, various effort by both the military and civilian regime to being it to its pre oil period have not meet with adequate results the problem of agricultural was compounded as a result of farmer lacking adequate and easy access to credit facilities to help in the development and financing of the agricultural sector of the economy.

1. Farmer do not have collateral to accept the loan with which to be granted by the bank, these stand as an obstacle obstructing the ability of the farmer to get the loan from bank.
2. Government have no support to the farmer on the need to produce cash crops production that will help boost this sector of the economy.
3. Most farmers in Nigeria have not really knowledge about modern agriculture that would enable them have much out put from the farms.
4. Farmers find it very difficult to comply with the demand of the bank due to the high rate of interest on the loan granted to them.

accounting project topics and material preview

ADEQUACY OR INADEQUACY OF WORKING CAPITAL: ITS IMPORTANCE AND IMPLICATION.

August 1, 2019 projecteasy Leave a comment

ADEQUACY OR INADEQUACY OF WORKING CAPITAL: ITS IMPORTANCE AND IMPLICATION.

Click here to download our android mobile app to your phone for more materials and others

COMPLETE PROJECT MATERIAL COST 5000 NAIRA OR $10 ,

Note: our case study can be change to suit your desire location . we are here for your success.

ORDER NOW

MAKE YOUR PAYMENT INTO ANY OF THE FOLLOWING BANKS:

GTBANK
Account Name : Chi E-Concept Int’l
ACCOUNT NUMBER: 0115939447

First Bank:
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
Account Name: 3059320631

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS LESS THAN 2 HOURS

How to transfer from your bank account to All Nigeria banks without internet

1. Access Bank:
—-*901#

2. EcoBank:
—-*326#

3. Fidelity Bank:
—-*770#

4. FCMB:
—-*389*214#

5. First Bank
—-*894#

6. GTB:
—-*737#

7. Heritage Bank:
—-*322*030#

8. Keystone Bank:
—-*322*082#

9. Sky Bank:
—-*389*076*1#

10. Stanbic IBTC:
—-*909#

11. Sterling Bank:
—-*822#

12. UBA:
—-*389*033*1#

13. Unity Bank:
—-*322*215#

14. Zenith Bank:
—-*966#

15. Diamond Bank
—-*710*555#

To know your BVN, dial
—-*565*0#.

E.g for First bank… *894 *Amount *Acct. No. #

Please dail d code from d number u used to register d account from the bank

CALL OKEKE CHIDI C ON : 08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

The primary aim of establishing or going into business is to optimize profit and as well as to ensure continuity of that business concern. When one person (sole trader ) of group of person (partnership of companies limited by shares or guarantee) intends forming a business entity he will need both fixed and current assets to facilitate a smooth take off, these fixed and current assets will by funded from both long term liabilities and current liabilities (or capital) as the case may be.

On formation, the business as an entity will be provided with fixed assets, such as building and premises, plant and machinery. Equipments, motor van etc. But form all indication we know and we see that these fixed assets itemized above cannot achieve the aforesaid aims of establishing the business. This is so because the fixed assets where not bought for the purpose of resale as a result any project cannot be directly accruable from its continuous stay.

From the foregoing, it is easily deduceable from it that the business as a going concern need some indispensable items or factors that will determine its profitability and its ability to withstand the test of time in a prevalent competitive environment

These indispensable items are operational and resolving in contrast with fixed capital and this is what we termed as the “”working capital”.

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The need for working capital would not have been necessary or relevant if not its inherent problems.

In the light or this I wish to state a modern approach in discussing this topic in bits so as a voice in this course or profession of this presentation.

The need for cash tentention or holding cannot be over emphasized because it goes a long way in tackling problems resulting from inflation and it’s like.

Therefore, attempts wanted be made to discuss the problems, prospectus of this topic for the benefits of those who care to read of go through the content of this piece of work.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

For many years, they are some historical cause of adequacy or inadequacy of working capital.

What other likely causes are and knowing the cause and also findings remedies to them. Knowing all these problems does the government, financial institutions and private individual and role in the cause and remedies.

As a result of this problems firms easily find themselves go or walk the path of liquidation because they failed to make provisions for the rainy day”.

This piece of work is an attempt in providing last solution to these problems and ways of curbing these problems forever.

OBJECTIVE OF STUDY

The project is hopefully aimed at

accounting project topics and material preview

EFFECT OF COMPUTER ON THE ACCOUNTING PROFESSION

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EFFECT OF COMPUTER ON THE ACCOUNTING PROFESSION

(A CASE STUDY OF ASABA ALUMINIUM COMPANY DELTA STATE)

Click here to download our android mobile app to your phone for more materials and others

COMPLETE PROJECT MATERIAL COST 5000 NAIRA OR $10 ,

Note: our case study can be change to suit your desire location . we are here for your success.

ORDER NOW

MAKE YOUR PAYMENT INTO ANY OF THE FOLLOWING BANKS:

GTBANK
Account Name : Chi E-Concept Int’l
ACCOUNT NUMBER: 0115939447

First Bank:
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
Account Name: 3059320631

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS LESS THAN 2 HOURS

How to transfer from your bank account to All Nigeria banks without internet

1. Access Bank:
—-*901#

2. EcoBank:
—-*326#

3. Fidelity Bank:
—-*770#

4. FCMB:
—-*389*214#

5. First Bank
—-*894#

6. GTB:
—-*737#

7. Heritage Bank:
—-*322*030#

8. Keystone Bank:
—-*322*082#

9. Sky Bank:
—-*389*076*1#

10. Stanbic IBTC:
—-*909#

11. Sterling Bank:
—-*822#

12. UBA:
—-*389*033*1#

13. Unity Bank:
—-*322*215#

14. Zenith Bank:
—-*966#

15. Diamond Bank
—-*710*555#

To know your BVN, dial
—-*565*0#.

E.g for First bank… *894 *Amount *Acct. No. #

Please dail d code from d number u used to register d account from the bank

CALL OKEKE CHIDI C ON : 08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE

Click here to download our android mobile app to your phone for more materials and others

ABSTRACT

This study deals with the effect of the computer to the accountant. It is carried out to the investigate the various way in which computer affects the accountant as processional.

Some hypothesis were formulated subject to verification.

These hypothesis are

Computers does not effect on the accounting profession.
Computers does not perform task with maximum speed and accuracy that will make the job of the job of the account staff a lot easier
Computer is not an aid to the accountant

The basic ways the computer has being of benefit to the accountant and types and generations of computer were extensively discussed. The problems that are usually encounted as a result of the introduction of computer in accounting and other field were also lighted.

Structurally, this chapter one deals with the introduction of research work. Chapter two deals with the review of related literature drawn from the textbooks, articles in newspapers and Journals. Chapter three deals with the statement of the methodology used for the research study. Chapter four deals with data presentation, analysis and its subsequent interpretation.

From the research of the study, conclusions were drawn and recommendations were made. These were done in chapter five. Due to the extensive usage of technical terms, there is the need for the definition of these terms.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER ONE

Introduction

1.1 Manual data processing system

State of problem
Objective of the study
Significance of the study
Delimitation of the study
Scope limitation of the study
Research Questions
Research hypothesis
Definition of terms

CHAPTER TWO

Review of related literature

2.1 a brief history of computer

Definition of computer
Types of computer
Components of computer system
Varieties of computers
Functions /uses of computers
Computer programs / programming language
Files and files processing
System analysis and design
How to match computers and accounting software
Computer crime
What is computer fraud

CHAPTER THREE

Methodology of the study

3.1 Method of data collection

Population and sample size
Sample design
Method of data analysis and interpretation.

CHAPTER FOUR

Data presentation and analysis

4.1 Presentation of data and analysis

Test of Hypothesis

CHAPTER FIVE

Summary of findings, recommendation and conclusion

5.1 Summary of findings

Recommendation
Conclusion

APPENDIX

QUESTIONNAIRE

BIBLIOGRAPHY

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

There has been a lot of observations and comments on the effect of computer as it relates to the accounting profession in Nigeria.

According to professor Longe “Computers are being used to assist in the management of major areas of the computers are under utilized and in several areas the uses are yet rudimentary”.

In the accounting yet rudimentary” story is the same. It has, therefore becomes necessary to know the effect of computer on the accounting profession, to determine whether computer does have effect on the accounting professional and perform task with maximum speed and accuracy which will make the job of the account staff a lot easier or they are under utilized, despite the immense benefits derivable from their optimum utilization.

With the advent of computer-based accounting system, accountants have to cope with the resulting complexity of the flow of information through the accounting systems. Traditional accounting procedures did not accommodate the sophisticated processing devices that came with the computer-based accounting system.

As the design of the computer based accounting system advanced from simple clerical automation to complicated integrated information systems, the accountant could no longer perform his duties around the computer but found it necessary to develop procedures to cope with the new challenges.

Furthermore, the traditional accountant was not trained in the special languages and devices used in the computer based system. Accordingly, a chartered accountant and professional organizations to educate the accountant to functions effecting in a computer based accounting system. Therefore in the course of the study. Efforts will be made to establish the effect of computer on the accounting profession.

Finally, I have the conviction that he efforts expended in this study will be a worthwhile investment. This is further strengthened by the fact that this study will serve a springboard and basis for further studies on the relationship between the computer and the accounting profession and other related topics in the future.

MANUAL DATA PROCESSING SYSTEM

Manual data processing has existed as long as man has walked this planet. It continuous to exist today in every organization and is major form of data processing for many small business firms. The earliest methods of manual data processing included the use of fingers, stones and stick for counting and knots on a string, scratches on a rock or notches in a stick as record keeping devices. The Babylonians wrote on clay tablets with a sharp stick, while the ancient Egyptians developed written records on papyrus using a sharp pointed reed a pen and organic dyes for ink. The earliest form of manual calculating device was the Abacus. The use of pebbles or ords laid out on a lined or grooved board were early forms of the Abacus and were utilized for thousands of years in many civilizations. The abacus in it present form originated in china and still a widely calculator.

Manual data processing techniques contributed ot progress over the centuries due to developments such as Arabic numerals, the decimal system, the manufacture of paper, the printing press, the slide rule and double –entry book keeping to name a few. Manual data processing systems of today employ tools and materials that have been used for several hundred years such as pencil, pens, rulers paper record keeping, forms, folders and filing cabinets.

More recent development which have been tools and materials such as multiple copy forms, carbon paper, accounting pegboards and notched cards.

The information system of any organization can include manual data processing systems if information, requirement become more complex and the volume of data increases, mechanical data processing systems become more efficient and economical. In manual data processing transactions can be recorded easily in a human-readable form and changes and correction to such systems can easily be made. Manual data processing is also quite in expensive at low volumes.

The major limitation of manufacture data processing include its inability to handle large volume of work and its reliance on many cumber-some and tedious methods. It is also more susceptible to error and slower them other data processing methods because it depends on human effort for most data processing operations.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS

Accounting procedures are naturally complex and are becoming increasingly more sophisticated and so it becomes more necessary wanting to know how computerization has helped in resolving this complexity and also to get to know of it holds any greater promise for the future in the field of accounting. There is the need also to know if it hold any risk of aiding perpetrators of frauds in order to weigh its against benefit. It also seeks to identify how the personnel conduct their activities in an

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CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

OBJECTIVE OF STUDY

EFFECT OF COMPUTER ON THE ACCOUNTING PROFESSION

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