EFFECTIVE DEVELOPMENT OF THE NIGERIA CAPITAL MARKET AS A PRE-REQUISITE FOR SUCCESSFUL IMPLEMENTATION OF THE NATION’S INVESTMENT PROGRAM

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THE NATURE AND CONSEQUENCES OF JUVENILE DELINQUENCY IN NIGERIA: A STUDY OF ENUGU NORTH LGA, ENUGU STATE

Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

ATM CARD:  YOU CAN ALSO MAKE PAYMENT USING YOUR ATM CARD OR ONLINE TRANSFER. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR BANK SECURITY FOR GUIDE ON HOW TO TRANSFER MONEY TO OTHER BANKS USING YOUR ATM CARD. ATM CARD OR ONLINE BANK TRANSFER IS FASTER FOR QUICK DELIVERY TO YOUR EMAIL . OUR MARKETER WILL RESPOND TO YOU ANY TIME OF THE DAY. WE SUPPORT CBN CASHLESS SOCIETY. 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS  LESS THAN 24 HOURS

CALL OUR  CUSTOMERS CARE  OKEKE CHIDI C ON :  08074466939,08063386834.

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08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE  YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 2 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.

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ABSTRACT

Paper examines various theoretical views about the role Nigeria capital market can play in the economy with a view to showing that the effective development of the market holds sway for the successful economic and emancipation of Nigerian in the emerging 21^st century special emphasis has been place on the of Nigerian capital market in the economic development of Nigerian acting to provide a means of raising finance to assist companies to expand and modernize, providing a means of allocating the nation’s physical and companies and serving as a measured of confidence in the economy and as an important economic barometer.

The main argument here is that effective establishment of a stock exchange will definitely serve as a pre-requisite for successful implementation of Nigeria. Investment program in the 21^st century. Paper further argues that since in modern economies like Nigeria, the bulk of productive activities and services been usually undertaken by joint stock. Joint stock firms or public institutions [including government] that the importance of stock exchange lies in its being a meeting place for investors and borrowers. It conclude this argument by stating that it is  at this market that stock and shares are bought and sold and since the price of such stocks and shares may rise and fall the stock exchange acts as a thermometer that pulse the economy or the outlook of business the extents of confidence in various shares or industries.

Finally, paper looked at the capital market in the context of structural adjustment program [SAP] and the emerging democratic era and conclude than a careful and judicious exercise of the powers of stimulation and control by the relevant regulatory authorities will lead to the achievement of a buoyant and resilient capital market that can better play its role of mobilizing capital for productive use.

                          TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE

1.0     INTRODUCTION                                            1

• THE BACK GROUND OF THE STUDY 1
• STATEMENT OF PROBLEM 2
• THE OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY 3
• SIGNIFICANT OF THE STUDY 4
• DEFINITION OF TERMS 4

CHAPTER TWO

• FUNCTION OF THE CAPITAL MARKET 5
• THE ROLE OF NIGERIA CAPITAL MARKET 7

2.3      THE ESTABLISHMENT OF STOCK EXCHANGE 8

2.4      HOW NIGERIAN CAPITAL MARKET  AIDS BUSINESS9

• UNDERDEVELOPMENT OF NIGERIAN 17
• DEPTH OF THE MARKET 18
• EFFECTIVES IN CAPITAL FORMATION 18
• STRUCTURE OF THE MARKET 19
• THE ROLE OF THE CAPITAL MARKET IN THE

CONTEXT OF THE STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT 20

PROGRAM

CHAPTER THREE

• CONCLUSION 25
• BIBLIOGRAPHY 26

CHAPTER ONE

• INTRODUCTION
  • THE BACK GROUND OF THE STUDY

In any economy there is a financial system that is usually responsible for regulating the financial environment of the company determining the types and amounts of funds to be issued cost finds and the use of which these funds are to be put the financial systems is made of two major markets: the money an the capital market.

While money market are market for long-term funds and securities, including treasury bills [YBS] treasury certificates [TC] negotiable certificates of deposits [NCDS or CDS for short], commercial papers [CPS] and other funds of less than one years duration; the capital market; is the market for longer term funds and securities whose tenure extends beyond one year. These includes loans, mortgage bonds, preference stocks, ordinary shares common stock federal government bonds also called Eligible development stock or Giltedged securities and industrial loan [Osaze 1997]. It is a “complex” of institution and mechanisms through which intermediate funds and long-term fund are pooled and made.

• STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

The capital market history suggest the market values of stock and bonds can fluctuate widely from year to year and why does this occur at last part of the answer is that price change because new information arrives and investors reasces asset values based on that information. Some of these are problem

• Few listed securities: the number of quoted companies operating in the capital market is relatively small.
• Low demand for securities: the general low personal income within the economy lack of proper knowledge about the securities market the benefit accruing there of and the available of more attractive.

Low level of market awareness: the low level

AN OVER-VIEW OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT FINANCE IN THE NEW MILLENNIUM (A CASE STUDY OF IGBO – ETITI LOCAL GOVERNMENT COUNCIL)

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COMPLETE MATERIAL  COST  N2,500 Or $10.  FRESH  PROJECT MATERIAL  COST 50,000 NAIRA FOR UNDERGRADUATE, OTHERS 100,000 -200,000 NAIRA.

THE NATURE AND CONSEQUENCES OF JUVENILE DELINQUENCY IN NIGERIA: A STUDY OF ENUGU NORTH LGA, ENUGU STATE

Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

ATM CARD:  YOU CAN ALSO MAKE PAYMENT USING YOUR ATM CARD OR ONLINE TRANSFER. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR BANK SECURITY FOR GUIDE ON HOW TO TRANSFER MONEY TO OTHER BANKS USING YOUR ATM CARD. ATM CARD OR ONLINE BANK TRANSFER IS FASTER FOR QUICK DELIVERY TO YOUR EMAIL . OUR MARKETER WILL RESPOND TO YOU ANY TIME OF THE DAY. WE SUPPORT CBN CASHLESS SOCIETY. 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS  LESS THAN 24 HOURS

CALL OUR  CUSTOMERS CARE  OKEKE CHIDI C ON :  08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE  YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 2 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.

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ABSTRACTS

This work is undertaken in response to the vexed question of mismanagement improper harnessing of revenue and ineffective control and accountability of local government finance in Nigeria. no doubt there has been a trend of mismanagement of the council revenues. This situation dove fails to the last millennium and has adversely affected grassroot development. It calls for a reversal of the friend for proper generation of revenues, for proper accountability of funds available to the councils for even development etc in the new (third) millennium.

To realize these onerous objectives this research is made it attempts at analyzing the problems and prospects of the third tier of governments in the third millennium of our Lord.

However this research work is confined to Igbo-Etiti local government council, Enugu since we cannot review the writes 774 local government councils in the country within limited scope of the reason for this confinement is obvious. It is informed by the nature and character of the academic respondent with its peculiar scope and limited resources to do otherwise within the circumstance would have been unusual – a situation analogous to stretching the skin of a rat to cover an elephant.

The project undergous for chronological chapters with the first chapter highlighting the introduction with its background, scope, significance etc.

Chapter to reviews available literature  on the problem and underscores the structure, constitutional basis and reforms of the local government systems, their revenue sources and expenditures their statutory roles etc. the project reaches its climase in the third chapter which is the over-view of Igbo-Etiti local government finance in the third millennium of our Lord as a case study of local government finance in Nigeria.

The study is wound up in the fifth chapter with summary of findings, recommendation and conclusion. This was facilitated by the presentation. Analysis and interpretation of Data in Chapter four.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter one

• Introduction 1
  • Background of the study 1
  • Statement of the problem 2
  • Objectives of the study 3
  • Significance of the study 4
  • Scope and limitation of the study 5
  • Statement of hypothesis 7
  • Definition of terms 8
  • Research design and methodology 10

Chapter two

• Literature review 12
  • What is local government? 12
  • Local government administrative structure 13
  • History of local governments in Nigeria

(local government reforms)                                               16

• Functions of local government           18

Chapter three

• An over-view of Igbo-Etiti local government finance in the new millennium 21
  • Igbo-Etiti local government sources of revenue in the new millennium                                                              21
  • Problem and prospects of Igbo-Etiti local government finance in the new millennium 24

Chapter four

• Presentation, analysis and interpretation 29
  • Test of hypothesis 32

Chapter five

• Summary of findings, recommendation and conclusion
  • Summary of findings 34
  • Recommendations 35
  • Conclusion 36

Bibliography                                                                     37

Appendix                                                                           39

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

• BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Local governments form the third tier of government. The aim of creating local government is to decentralized government activities so that local governments which are nearest to the people will enable the people to participate in development process of their area.

In other to ensure their constant existence local governments need to ensure that adequate controls exist over the transactions that funds are promptly and properly accounted for and all documents and records relating to the financial transactions are accurate and complete. There are increasing demands on and expectations of the local government councils in Nigeria, while their revenue continues to be mismanaged. To prevent this trend and for significant objectives to be achieved in the new millennium there is need for proper harnessing, management, control and accountability of funds available to the councils.

In addition constitutional mechanisms to autonomy, abolition joint accounts and development countries. In this analysis Igbo-Etit local government is our case study. Obviously we have been compelled by limited resource to confine this review to one out of the 774 local government in Nigeria and this forms the fulcrum of this review. Moreover the fact that this work is an academic project with its peculiar characteristics and scope make this choice quite germane.

Furthermore, the finance available to the local government is very low and if specified objectives are to be achieved there must be proper harnessing of this resources, therefore must be proper control of revenue generated and proper accountability of funds available to them. I equally looked at local government sources of revenue, the manner and effective collection and disbursement of funds.

• STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS     

The main targets of this study is to determine the followings:

1. Whether the financial management procedures carried out in local government are adequate and effective in meeting the objective of the local government.
2. Whether laid down control procedures are complied with.

• To identify the major problems methodology in the implementation of financial administration procedures.

Sources of council revenues and expenditure and most importantly the control and ac

THE ROLE OF COMMERCIAL BANKS IN AGRICULTURAL FINANCING IN ENUGU STATE

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COMPLETE MATERIAL  COST  N2,500 Or $10.  FRESH  PROJECT MATERIAL  COST 50,000 NAIRA FOR UNDERGRADUATE, OTHERS 100,000 -200,000 NAIRA.

THE NATURE AND CONSEQUENCES OF JUVENILE DELINQUENCY IN NIGERIA: A STUDY OF ENUGU NORTH LGA, ENUGU STATE

Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

ATM CARD:  YOU CAN ALSO MAKE PAYMENT USING YOUR ATM CARD OR ONLINE TRANSFER. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR BANK SECURITY FOR GUIDE ON HOW TO TRANSFER MONEY TO OTHER BANKS USING YOUR ATM CARD. ATM CARD OR ONLINE BANK TRANSFER IS FASTER FOR QUICK DELIVERY TO YOUR EMAIL . OUR MARKETER WILL RESPOND TO YOU ANY TIME OF THE DAY. WE SUPPORT CBN CASHLESS SOCIETY. 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS  LESS THAN 24 HOURS

CALL OUR  CUSTOMERS CARE  OKEKE CHIDI C ON :  08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE  YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 2 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.   

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ABSTRACT

The object of this study is to determine the vital role played by commercial banks in Agricultural financing in Enugu State which has been a major handicap to agricultural development today.

The study arose from the fact the guest to achieve self sufficiency in food production which is the greatest and highest priority area facing most of the world’s people today. Apart from the role of oil economy today, agriculture still remains the major stay of the Nigeria Economy as it provides majority of the populace with employment, income and food.

As a business venture, it cannot be executed extensively unless funds is available for replacement and capital equipment procurement to enhance a quicker, clearer and more comprehensive of the important of this study. This work is divided into three chapters. Chapter one deals with statement of problem, brief history of Afribank PLC purpose and significant of the study scope and limitation of the study and definition of terms

Chapter two deals with review of related literature which includes policy and means to boost agricultural scheme, types of loan factors and risk in agricultural financing and costly constraints to agricultural financing

Chapter three deals with findings recommendation and conclusion.

CHAPTER ONE

• Introduction
• Statement of the problems
• Brief history of Afribank plc
• Purpose of the study
• Significance/importance of the study
• Scope and limitation of the study
• Definition of terms

CHAPTER TWO

• LITERATURE REVIEW
  • Introduction
  • Policy and means to boost agricultural finance
  • Agricultural credit guarantee scheme
  • Types of loan available in Afribank plc
  • Agric insurance scheme
  • Factors and risk in agric/ financing
  • Constraints

CHAPTER THREE

3.1   Recommendation

3.2   Conclusion

3.3   References

3.4   Bibliography

3.5   Appendix

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

Agriculture can be define as the science or practice of farming i.e. cultivation and integration of live-stocks and production of raw materials for industries. It is well known that farming is the oldest occupation in the world and indeed it remains till date, one in which the largest number of people are engage. The vast majority of the population of the world, depends on its more complex since, agriculture is basically concerned with the production of food which is basic necessity of life.

The problems of capital scarcity in agricultural production in most developing nations are generally giving cause for involvement. As of the huge capital elopement, subsistent agriculture now cultivate crops only for their selves and their immediate families, hence the need for commercial bank to participate actively in agricultural financing materials for key industries and a major foreign exchanged earners has further added to its prominence among all human occupation. As a business, it cannot be carried out intensively unless funds are available for maintenance, replacement and capital equipment procurement and other expenses.

THREE TYPES OF CREDIT ARE USUALLY REQUIRED.

1. Short Term Credit to financial yearly planting operations, seeds, fertilizers and farm expenses until the crop is sold. The amounts involved here might not be large, but inadequate of this type of credit is most predominantly felt by small farmers who have little or no savings upon in which to hang on.
2. Medium Term Loan (longer than one planting year but less than three year). This is need for acquisition a breeding stock and cheap with relatively short little.
3. Long Term Credit necessary to acquire major machines and equipment repairs and maintenance of farm lands building, storage facilities etc. the role of credit finance in promoting development in the country is well known in recent times, government has devoted lot of financial resources to the agricultural sector in order to boost food production through it’s lending policies to commercial banks as well as the establishment of certain agricultural schemes.

1.2     STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMS

In this age of expanded business activities around the world especially in Nigeria Agriculture is more than ever needs financial assistance in form of bank loans to meet the increasing need for food production. Obtaining such loans however has not be easy for farmers. Largely as a result of collaterals security, lack of  proper accounting records and management among other limiting factors.

Inspite of the importance of oil in the economy today, agriculture still remains the main stay of the Nigeria Economy as it provides the greatest avenue for employment, income of food for the Nigerian populace. It’s internatic position as a source of raw materials for agricultural credit.

Agricultural credit therefore is a necessary ingredient in agricultural practices and in farm productivity especially if supplied on sufficient quantity and efficiently used. However, credit is only one of the “essentials for expansion and modernization, for credit parse, is not entirely inevitable, but a necessary key to a more prosperous future.

The commercial banks on their part has been placed what might be an optimal level in banking lending. The customers who has over

THE SIGNIFICANCE OF AUDITING IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR

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COMPLETE MATERIAL  COST  N2,500 Or $10.  FRESH  PROJECT MATERIAL  COST 50,000 NAIRA FOR UNDERGRADUATE, OTHERS 100,000 -200,000 NAIRA.

THE NATURE AND CONSEQUENCES OF JUVENILE DELINQUENCY IN NIGERIA: A STUDY OF ENUGU NORTH LGA, ENUGU STATE

Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

ATM CARD:  YOU CAN ALSO MAKE PAYMENT USING YOUR ATM CARD OR ONLINE TRANSFER. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR BANK SECURITY FOR GUIDE ON HOW TO TRANSFER MONEY TO OTHER BANKS USING YOUR ATM CARD. ATM CARD OR ONLINE BANK TRANSFER IS FASTER FOR QUICK DELIVERY TO YOUR EMAIL . OUR MARKETER WILL RESPOND TO YOU ANY TIME OF THE DAY. WE SUPPORT CBN CASHLESS SOCIETY. 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS  LESS THAN 24 HOURS

CALL OUR  CUSTOMERS CARE  OKEKE CHIDI C ON :  08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE  YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 2 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.   

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE

ABSTRACT

Today in the public sectors, staffs have decided in involving themselves in fraud, misappropriation of fund mismanagement of assets entrusted on them, and abuse of their profiles for their different personal interests.

But, auditing has become a tool for ensuring good accountability. Through auditing, the account of individuals, partnership, co-operative and public sectors can at any time be examined by an auditor which enables him to express his opinion of true and fair view, by the use of auditing standards.

However, it is through this auditing, that those errors, frauds and other accounting mal-practices or irregularities can be easily traced out and be corrected. Through this auditing, spin off effect can easily be provided. Though all the secondary objective of auditing.

In conclusion, auditing has become an indispensable instrument through which the funds and assets entrusted in the hands of directors in public sector could be examined and make sure that those whom properties are entrusted were tested and reliable staff.

Moreover, this work is arranged in such a way that one chapter flows and naturally leads to next. It organized in three chapters

Chapter one: includes, introduction, objective of the study, significance of the study, scope of the study, auditing standard, destinations between auditing and accounting function and definition of terms.

Chapter two: what is auditing, who is our auditor types and objectives of auditing qualities of an auditor fraud in the public sector, internal control and internal check.

Chapter three: findings, conclusion, Recommendation Suggestion for further studies, bibliography.

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE

1.1    Introductions                                                          1

1.2    Objective of the study                                             8

1.3    Significance of the study                                          9

1.4    Scope of the study                                                  10

1.5    Auditing standards                                                  11

1.6    Distinction between Auditing and Accounting Job      11

1.7    Definition of terms                                                  12

CHAPTER TWO

2.1    What is auditing?                                                    15

2.2    Who is our Auditor?                                                17

2.3    Types and objectives of Auditing                              18

2.4    Qualities of an auditor                                             20

2.5    Fraud in the public sector                                        22

2.6    Internal control, internal check and internal audit      24

2.7    Classes of audit                                                       26

CHAPTER THREE

• Findings 28
• Conclusion 30
• Recommendation 31
• Suggestion for Further studies 33
• Bibliography 34

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

Currently, taking a glance look into our public sector establishments, one can easily notice that all their activities revolved round the pivot of the auditing principles. Just as the auditors carry out their work on the state of affairs of the financial statement in order to enable him express his opinion of true and fair view of the accounts they purports to represent. Most of public sector establishment are engaging in audit work internally without knowing. Take for instance where the work of one personnel is being complemented by another personnel inured to ensure effective check for prevention of misappropriation and other irregularities on the assets entrusted on them, which refers as internal check on audit terminology.

In a nutshell, auditing can be seen as a through investigation and examination of an opinion on financial statement that hand prepared by an accountant thus, auditing work starts where accounting work stopped. In the view of audit operational standard audit is defined as the independent examination of financial statement and expression of opinion on the financial statement and expression of opinion on the financial statement of any enterprise in assurance of that appointment are in compliance with any relevant statutory. From the above definition, it can be seen that auditor has to deal with pure independent. This term of impendent of an auditor, enables him to carry out his audit work without any conflict of interest, fear and favors or any interference by the management.

At this juncture, it is necessary to know that auditing work has to be done by an auditor, who is a qualified accentuates having sat and passed the professional examination which is only the bring of institute of chartered accountant that is empowered by (CAMA) Company Allied Matters act to conduct such exams. In addition, such person must be of good character, conduct and must have a verse knowledge which helps him in easily understanding the practical business and be in position for easily ascertainment of the suitable procedure and methods of any concern he undertakes to audit.

Before the commencement of an audit work the dent must state the nature of the audit work. Precisely, the auditor on his side will write an engagement letter thereafter to the management to define the work which the management expects him to do. On no account should and auditor go beyond or allow to go beyond the scope specifically stated in the letter of engagement.

On appointment of an auditor, the remuneration will be fixed and it includes all the cost of materials and any wages. Ethical law and company allied matters act of 1990 (CAMA) states it specifically that auditors should not received gift inform of lairs, allowance grants from client immediately remuneration in fixed.

In t