CAPITAL BUDGETING IN A PRIVATE SECTOR (A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIAN BREWERIES)

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THE NATURE AND CONSEQUENCES OF JUVENILE DELINQUENCY IN NIGERIA: A STUDY OF ENUGU NORTH LGA, ENUGU STATE

Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

ATM CARD:  YOU CAN ALSO MAKE PAYMENT USING YOUR ATM CARD OR ONLINE TRANSFER. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR BANK SECURITY FOR GUIDE ON HOW TO TRANSFER MONEY TO OTHER BANKS USING YOUR ATM CARD. ATM CARD OR ONLINE BANK TRANSFER IS FASTER FOR QUICK DELIVERY TO YOUR EMAIL . OUR MARKETER WILL RESPOND TO YOU ANY TIME OF THE DAY. WE SUPPORT CBN CASHLESS SOCIETY. 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS  LESS THAN 24 HOURS

CALL OUR  CUSTOMERS CARE  OKEKE CHIDI C ON :  08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE  YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 2 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.   

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE

 

PREFACE

The main objective o this research work is to develop systematically the beginning of and various stages in capital budgeting.

Indeed, the aim is to provide an integrated presentation of capital budgeting and to view the unity of the subject matter in such a way that the questions of “how” and “why” are easily answered.

The topics, sales forecasting (touched briefly) and forecasting of financial requirements as they relate to capital budgeting are covered. The other section of this research work include literature review, research methodology, case study and analysis of data and summary of findings recommendation and conclusion.

The section in literature review is quite extensive when compared to other sections of this research work. it is the intention of the researcher to bring out the essentials that relate to capital budgeting and hint on those that relate to the company under study. It is hope that those that do not elate to the company will find it useful, to students with interest in capital budgeting and who capital budgeting and who carryout their research work on their companies in Nigeria and aboard.

This research work is written in language that will make it easy for many people to read and understand. It is my hope that it will enhance the attractiveness of capital budgeting for a large number of audience.

 

 

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

Introduction

• Problem statement 2
• Hypothesis 6
• Limitations of study 8
• Significance of study 9
• Definition of terms 12

CHAPTER TWO

Literature review

• Ranking investment proposal 14
• Post auditing of the investment decision 17
• Analysis of capital projects 19
• Capital rationing                     35

 

CHAPTER THREE

Research methodology and designation

• Sources of data                                                      55

CHAPTER FOUR

Case study and analysis of data and presentation

• Profile of Diamond breweries limited 61
• Organisational structure with special –

 

CHAPTER FIVE

Summary of findings, recommendation and conclusion

• Summary of findings 75
• Recommendations                                                 78
• Conclusion 80

BIBLIOGRAPHY                                                   81

INTERVIEW QUESTIONS                                    83

APPENDIX

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

Every business firm normally will like to know how it performed over a period of times, thus leading to the preparation of profit and loss statement. They also ask about their position at a particular point in time which leads them to prepare balance sheet. Finally, they will like to know where they are heading, which has led to the preparation of budgets.

Budget is term used locally by a lay man. Lay man confuse budgeting with planning. A budget is part of a plan. A plan can be expressed in monetary and non-monetary term. Any plan that is qualified in monetary term is a budget. A budget, therefore, can be succulently defined as a statement of intention qualified in monetary term.

In budgeting there are types of budget prepared by firms. Such budgets includes capital budgets, cash budgets, sales budget and so on.

The process of preparing capital budget is called capital budgeting. Capital budgets are long term budgets made for acquisition and expansion of fixed assets. Capital budgets are prepared by many films today. It was originated in the United States of America (USA). In America it was applied by firms before the second world war.

After the second world war many firms saw the need to plan for capital expenditure, hence it is prevalence today.

Nigerian breweries limited, Monarch larger beer and other beverages, are not left out in the train of firms which prepare budgets for its capital expenditure. this is, however, not easy as it is fraught with a lot of problems.

 

• PROBLEMS STATEMENT

The main purpose of setting up a private firm is to achieve enough sales revenue that will cover fixed and variable costs as well as leave out enough profit to justify its existence.

Nigerian breweries limited being a private enterprise involved in brewing beer has the objective of making huge profits.

Brewers all over Nigeria witness heavy returns on their investments due to export of their products to neighboring African countries as well as the high consumption rte of beer in the country. This was before the year 1982.

The introduction of many stringent economic measures after the year 1982, aimed at revamping the nations ailing economy, brought with its many problems of which the brewing industry is not left out.

In order to produce, firms in the breweries industry (including Nigerian breweries limited) acquires fixed assets as well as raw materials.

These acquisitions are based one expect demand. The demand for beer cannot now be fairly estimated because of the general rise in prices. General rise has made consumers of beer shift their demand to other goods of necessity thus leading to decrease in demand

A SURVEY OF ROLES AND PERFORMANCE EFFECTIVITY OF SECRETARIES IN MODERN COMMUNICATION INDUSTRIES IN ENUGU URBAN

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THE NATURE AND CONSEQUENCES OF JUVENILE DELINQUENCY IN NIGERIA: A STUDY OF ENUGU NORTH LGA, ENUGU STATE

Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

ATM CARD:  YOU CAN ALSO MAKE PAYMENT USING YOUR ATM CARD OR ONLINE TRANSFER. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR BANK SECURITY FOR GUIDE ON HOW TO TRANSFER MONEY TO OTHER BANKS USING YOUR ATM CARD. ATM CARD OR ONLINE BANK TRANSFER IS FASTER FOR QUICK DELIVERY TO YOUR EMAIL . OUR MARKETER WILL RESPOND TO YOU ANY TIME OF THE DAY. WE SUPPORT CBN CASHLESS SOCIETY. 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS  LESS THAN 24 HOURS

CALL OUR  CUSTOMERS CARE  OKEKE CHIDI C ON :  08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE  YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 2 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.   

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE

 

Chapter one

Background of the study

• Statement of the problem
• Purpose of the study
• Delimitation of the study
• Significant of the study
• Assumption of the study
• Research question
• Definition of terms

 

 

Chapter two

Literature Review

An overview of the roles of  secretary

The Responsibilities / Duties of secretaries in Communication industries

The true image of secretaries in Communication industries

The roles of secretary in developing the office

The roles of secretary in selected communication

Secretary as a personal officer

Factors responsible for Non-application of secretary roles

Effects on the performance of secretaries

 

Chapter three

Methodology

• Area of study
• Instrumentation
• Population and size
• Method of data collection
• Method of data Analysis
• Validation of Instrument

 

Chapter Four

Presentation and Data Analysis

• Research Question

 

Chapter five

Summary of Findings, Conclusion and recommendation

Discussion of findings

Summary of findings

Conclusion

Recommendation

Limitation of the study

Suggestion for further studies

Reference

Questionnaire

 

 

ABSTACT

 

          This study examined roles and performance efficiency and effectively of secretaries in modern communication industries in Enugu Urban.

People hold different opinions about the secretaries roles.  they fail to understand that the secretary is an important officer in every communication industry and her contributions and effectiveness can either enhance or  diminish the efficiency of an industry.

The study also seek to find out whether lack of appreciate communicating machine affect the roles of secretaries.  It went further to stress whether lack of knowledge of the administrative principles may hinder secretarial roles, whether executives do not give the secretaries free-hand to implement the necessary administrative principles.

In collecting data, the study was designed to cover selected communication industries as the population through sampling of the secretaries.  The  population were made up of 100 people and the researcher made use of questionnaire which was distributed to the respondent.  Was later collected.

It was concluded that regular seminars, workshops and conferences should be   organized for the secretaries in order to up-date thir knowledge and experience on the secretarial profession and that the employers should work hand-in-hand with their secretaries, be able to delegate duties to them and provide enough working equipment for carrying out their duties.

CHAPTER ONE

 

 

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The name NTA means Nigeria Television Authority.  The station has brought forth over thirty other television stations in different parts of Nigeria.  It is headed by a general manager and six other managers who help in day to day running of business.  Nigeria Television Authority being a very big family has some roles they play as a communication Industry and these include:

1. To inform, entertain and enlighten their audience, maintaining its leadership position in Television broadcasting
2. Enrich the life of Nigerians by influencing positively his social, cultural, economic, political and technological thinking through a wide choice of programmes; to mention but a few.

Nevertheless, the roles they play in communication Industry seem

to be carrying them away from giving their secretaries chana to contribute  our play their roles effectively in the communication industry.  They indulge in using their journalists and reporters for any information they need.  Managers and staff in the communication industries have equally acquired the knowledge of the use of modern office equipments like computers, tapes, and disc for information recording and report writing thereby neglecting the roles of efficient and effective secretaries especially when it comes to profession and effective secretaries especially when it comes to profession.

Most of the employees in communication industries are mainly journalists, reporters/correspondent. And news casters with just a few copy typists.  The few secretaries there are not always recognized let alone givng them ample opportunity to exhibit their initiatives.  An investigation into Nigeria Television Authority proves that the secretaries there are not receiving adequate attention needed to motivate them and that when it comes to promotion, they are not promoted as and at when due; compared with their counterparts in other professions.  The bitter part of it all is that they see people whom they academically occupying higher positions and secretaries find themselves subordinate to incompleted ones as their boss.

All these norm and  problems faced by secretaries pushed the researcher into carrying out a survey of the roles and performance efficiency and effectively of secretaries in modern communication industries in Enugu Urban.

• STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

In most offices today, objectives are difficult to realize.  These in

most cases have been blamed on the secretaries who are the mirror of the executives.

To  a large extent of their responsibility and thus limits the scope of their job to only typing documents which is always full of errors and taking dictations which they cannot even transcribe accurately.

In some communication industries, there exist communication break-down which results from poor relationship of the so-called secretaries some secretaries do not know how to answer, call, some do not know how to deliver messages and this hinders effective

 

 

THE IMPORTANCE OF ACCOUNTING ON ORGANIZATION’S EFFECTIVESNESS

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COMPLETE MATERIAL  COST  N2,500 Or $10.  FRESH  PROJECT MATERIAL  COST 50,000 NAIRA FOR UNDERGRADUATE, OTHERS 100,000 -200,000 NAIRA.

THE NATURE AND CONSEQUENCES OF JUVENILE DELINQUENCY IN NIGERIA: A STUDY OF ENUGU NORTH LGA, ENUGU STATE

Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

ATM CARD:  YOU CAN ALSO MAKE PAYMENT USING YOUR ATM CARD OR ONLINE TRANSFER. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR BANK SECURITY FOR GUIDE ON HOW TO TRANSFER MONEY TO OTHER BANKS USING YOUR ATM CARD. ATM CARD OR ONLINE BANK TRANSFER IS FASTER FOR QUICK DELIVERY TO YOUR EMAIL . OUR MARKETER WILL RESPOND TO YOU ANY TIME OF THE DAY. WE SUPPORT CBN CASHLESS SOCIETY. 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS  LESS THAN 24 HOURS

CALL OUR  CUSTOMERS CARE  OKEKE CHIDI C ON :  08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE  YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 2 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.   

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE

 

CHAPTER ONE

• Background of study
  • Statement of problems
  • Objective of study
  • Scope of study
  • Limitation of study
  • Definition of terms

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 Literature Review

2.1 Nature of Government accounting

2.2 Procedure for government accounting

2.3 Financial control

2.4 Control technique

2.5 Treasury control

2.6 Expenditure control

2.7 Expenditure control

2.8 Department control

2.9 Summary of related review literature

CHAPTER THREE

3.0 Summary

3.1 Findings

3.2 Recommendations

Reference

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.0     BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Universally, it is well known fact that the management and control of public fund determine the success of all governmental activities and it is also at the heart of government administration hence the need for an acceptable accounting system that will comprehensively after solution to the accounting problem of the government and society.

The management and control of public fund are governed by the finance (control and management) act of 1988. this was as a result of the constitutional amendment of 1957 which in settee  subsection 154^A to E into section 154 which deals with the operation of the consolidated revenues fund. The principles of this act forms the base of finance act which had s slight change in the 1976 and 1989 constitution. Furthermore government accounting is regulated by section 129, 148 of the constitution laws enacted by government. In power, the fiancé (control and management act of 1958 and by decrees and acts which were promulgated into laws.

The federal ministry of finance performs the duty of management and control of public fund, which is directly the peculiar responsibility of the treasury now referred to as the office of the Accountant General. The treasury functions and duties are streamlined to asset of guide where expenditure and receipts for the year hence, no receipt or expenditure are transferred to the next accounting period.

The rules and regulation governing the accounting practices (management and control public funds) are contained in the financial regulation treasury accounting manual and treasury circulars

According to this financial regulation (FR 519) the provision stated that “Before making any payment at sub accounting office will satisfy immensely so far as he is in a position to do so that

1. The expenditure has been authorized by warrant and the voucher correctly classified in accordance with the estimates.
2. The information furnished on the voucher is correct in all particulars, the certificates on the voucher signed by the proper officer
3. All proper deductions from salaries or pension accounting of contribution repayment of advances or other liabilities have been duly made.

These basic functions are services rendered by the treasury.

 

1.1     STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The treasury as a custodian of public fund is responsible for providing a retailed of all public and that federal ministry/Department being part of the treasury is also vested with same responsibility.

However, the treasury is faced with number of problems that tend to under the effectiveness of accounting system.

The following problems are therefore identified with a view to finding this solution so that credible accounting system will re-sure.

1. Inadequate staying
2. Inadequate method of revenue collection and control

D

THE ROLE OF PUBLIC ACCOUNTS IN THE FORMATION, ACQUISTION AND LIQUIDATION OF A COMPANY

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COMPLETE MATERIAL  COST  N2,500 Or $10.  FRESH  PROJECT MATERIAL  COST 50,000 NAIRA FOR UNDERGRADUATE, OTHERS 100,000 -200,000 NAIRA.

THE NATURE AND CONSEQUENCES OF JUVENILE DELINQUENCY IN NIGERIA: A STUDY OF ENUGU NORTH LGA, ENUGU STATE

Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

ATM CARD:  YOU CAN ALSO MAKE PAYMENT USING YOUR ATM CARD OR ONLINE TRANSFER. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR BANK SECURITY FOR GUIDE ON HOW TO TRANSFER MONEY TO OTHER BANKS USING YOUR ATM CARD. ATM CARD OR ONLINE BANK TRANSFER IS FASTER FOR QUICK DELIVERY TO YOUR EMAIL . OUR MARKETER WILL RESPOND TO YOU ANY TIME OF THE DAY. WE SUPPORT CBN CASHLESS SOCIETY. 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS  LESS THAN 24 HOURS

CALL OUR  CUSTOMERS CARE  OKEKE CHIDI C ON :  08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE  YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 2 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.   

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE

 

ABSTRACT

          The public accountant the business and economy are inseparable

They are needed for various business decision and advice on better investments.

On formation of accompany the public accountant is needed to prepare the memorandum of association and ensure that the company and allied matte Decree 1990 is strictly adhered to.

More so, on acquisition of a company, the public accountant plays an indispensable role in order to ensure that only profitable business are acquired by prospective buyers. He does this by looking into the financial records of the company and making sure that no fraud debt is hided by the seller of the company

In liquidation of a company the public also has a hand in it. In a situation where he fails to discover a fraud or financial misappropriation by the management of the company. The company as a result of that may go into liquidation.

The problem of inscerity, instability in the economy and inflation rate in the country is among the problem encountered by the public accountant in Nigeria

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

• INTRODUCTION
  • BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
  • STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS
  • OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
  • SIGNIFICANT OF THE STUDY
  • SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
  • DEFINITION OF TERMS

CHAPTER TWO

 

2.0          REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

• DEFINITION OF ACCOUNTANCY
• MEANING OF PUBLIC ACCOUNTANT
• ROLE OF PUBLIC ACCOUNTANT IN THE FORMATION OF COMPANIES
• MEANING OF FORMATION ACQUISITION AND LIQUIDATION OF COMPANIES

CHAPER THREE

3.0     SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

• FINDINGS
• CONCLUSION
• RECOMMENDATION

BIBLIOGRAPHY

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1     BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

All over the world the accountant is expected to assume a leading role in the economic, especially in the field of company formation, substance and development. The question of expertise should be seen as the most critical role of the accountant here, for available evidence tends to relegate the popular nation of capital inadequacy in developing counties including Nigeria, as a major constraint to corporate formation and growth. These development functions of the financial experts are of then more important than the provision of capital.

The accountants by virtue of their training and professions are best positioned in providing corporate advice to investor and land managers in the formation and development of their businesses and avoiding corporate failure.

However, it is only a matter or regret to obsedrve that to many peoiple, professionals, investors and businessman, the professional role of public accountant revolves around the narrow framework of working from the source document to the balance sheet and auditing the financial statements of client companies. These misconception is largely attributable to the fact that every practicing auditor in the first place must be an accountant.

More so, the preoccupation of public accounts in the fields of auditing, income taxes income, income measurement and bookkeeping the traditional roles of the accountant, while relegating to the background other essential services which they can provide basically from the backdrop of the erroneous image painted on accountants by the public.

Auditors themselves are not helping the matter most of the writers have continued to emphasis traditional roles of the accountants with little or no attention paid to these other vital support which the account cant provide to investors and businessmen for the development and growth of their businesses. Frank A. ATWOOD observed that originally, the work of public accountant (professional accountant) was confined to the checking of the arithmetic accuracy of the trial balance and preparation of account, but nowadays a large part of auditing.

Consequently, the manager, the investor, the businessmen and the general public have failed to understand clearly the services the accountant produce in developing their businesses. Even accountant themselves have continued to wonder where the focus should be placed now, with changing role exception and complexity of modern economy.. the new dispensation of increasing application of traditionally the reserves of the account, bookkeeping and audit has further highlightened the anxiety as the continued relevance of the industrial accountant. This is why it has become most completing now to re-examine and redefine the  role of the accountant in keeping pace with the ever changing features and expectation of the modern economy.

The project is thus a search, it probes further towards identifying the numerous functions which the public accountant should emphasis, beside his traditional role of book keeping, income measurement reporting and audit, especially in matters relating to company formation and growth.

 

1.2     STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS

          Nigeria is witnessing a major economic down turn. Although this may appear as a responsiveness to the global economic recession, Nigeria case seem to be distinct. This even our economic bureaucrats seems to have lost their bearing in this search path for recovery.

This chapter is thus devoted to unrevealing the root of the problem of Nigeria accountant and proffering where necessary.

Instability in the economy is a major constraint to the Nigeria accountant quest to proffering solutions to the myriad of problems existing in economy. Obviously the hyper-inflation ravaging the economy pose server limitation on the power of the Nigeria accountant over avoiding cost over runs and in ensuring timeless of information for decision making. The position of the management account as a mere provider of information to management for decision without active part in the implementation process often lead to his recommendation.

BANK LENDING POLICIES AND RECOVERY PROCEDURE IN NIGERIA

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COMPLETE MATERIAL  COST  N2,500 Or $10.  FRESH  PROJECT MATERIAL  COST 50,000 NAIRA FOR UNDERGRADUATE, OTHERS 100,000 -200,000 NAIRA.

THE NATURE AND CONSEQUENCES OF JUVENILE DELINQUENCY IN NIGERIA: A STUDY OF ENUGU NORTH LGA, ENUGU STATE

Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

ATM CARD:  YOU CAN ALSO MAKE PAYMENT USING YOUR ATM CARD OR ONLINE TRANSFER. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR BANK SECURITY FOR GUIDE ON HOW TO TRANSFER MONEY TO OTHER BANKS USING YOUR ATM CARD. ATM CARD OR ONLINE BANK TRANSFER IS FASTER FOR QUICK DELIVERY TO YOUR EMAIL . OUR MARKETER WILL RESPOND TO YOU ANY TIME OF THE DAY. WE SUPPORT CBN CASHLESS SOCIETY. 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS  LESS THAN 24 HOURS

CALL OUR  CUSTOMERS CARE  OKEKE CHIDI C ON :  08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE  YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 2 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.   

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE

 

ABSTRACT

This term paper was tailored at designing bank lending policies and recovery procedures in Nigeria. The piece of work looked into bank services and the rules that guide their monetary policies.

Research was carried out on ways of improving bank lending policies and good measures on how money could be recovered. Recommendation for the future improvement ion this policies was described.

I vividly described procedures for taking securities for Bank lending. To those in the financial industry, this piece of work could serve as a reference manual to them.

The manual can also educate people on the roles of Banking in economic development of Nigeria.

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE:

1.0     INTRODUCTION

• BANKING SERVICES IN NIGERIA
• STRUCTURE OF BANKING
• COMMERCIAL BANK
• MERCHANT BANK
• DEVELOPMENT BANK
• CENTRAL BAK OF NIGERIA

CHAPTER TWO

• ROLES OF BANKING IN GENERAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
  • POLICIES
  • CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD POLICY
  • PROCEDURE FOR TAKING SECURITIES FOR BANK LENDING

CHAPTER THREE

• FINDINGS, RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION
  • FINDINGS
  • RECOMMENDATION
  • CONCLUSION

BIBLIOGRAPHY

 

CHAPTER ONE

1.0     INTRODUCTION

A bank could be described as a major financial institution, other such institution include finance house, insurance companies, mortgage companies etc. the main function of these financial institution are to provide financial support to those who are in need. Apart form this function, banks perform other functions like rendering advice and counseling, acceptance of deposits, provision of loans and advances of providing a safekeeping place for people valuable many banks plays intermediary roles in the financial sector of the economy which focus primarily on the following.

1. Moderation of the rate of inflation
2. reduction of pressure on the external sector so as to achieve a sustainable balance of payment positions.
3. establishing the Naira exchange rate in Nigeria

banks could be classified into the following categories below.

1. Central bank
2. Commercial bank
3. Merchant bank
4. Development bank
5. Community bank.

Obviously, with an observer first contact with a developing economy, all those categories of bank plays crucial roles in stimulating the economy. They deal with members of the public.

Firstly, they all provide first information and investment advice to willing customers community banks for instance, were established primarily to spread banking services to the grass root, considering the fact that a greater percentage of the country’s population reside in the rural areas.

Development banks by implication tend to carry out their function effectively because they diversify into specialized areas such as agricultural and industry. Example of development bank are the Nigeria Agricultural and industrial development (NACB) and Nigeria industry development bank (NIDB). Hence the development of economy is stimulated through these agency function.

In order to achieve their set out objectives all these banks rely on certain instruments and policies which include reserve requirements, stabilization of securities, interest rate policies which include reserve requirements, stabilization of securities, interest rate policy (lending policy). Exchange rate and foreign exchange management. Discount rate policy among others which in Nigeria a developing country are put in place and over seen by the government owed central bank.

Lending has over the years become one of the most important function in banking operations. It provides money for investment which in turn yields turn over and (increases the liquidity in circulation due to this direct effect, it has on the economy and business development, it is being pursed in many developing countries were banks and their lending activities have been usefully. Integrated into government policy formation in the national economic development process. In Nigeria for instance, where majority of the population live in object poverty funds are very difficult to come by either for investment purpose or otherwise. Thus the federal government finds it necessary and critical to intervene to formulation of bank lending policies. Lending is giving something to someone else for use over short period of time (in this case money with interest where being paid back)

In the objectives of tending activities the bank in the country have come up with policy guidelines which basically provides the frame work for dealing with loans and advances. Some of these policies are designed to have relevance to these policies are designed to have relevance to the interval constraints of each bank for instance sector performance deposit base, risk existing exchange while others are derived mainly from the guidelines issued periodically by the central bank for control reasons and known as monetary and credit policy guidelines for each fiscal year. A lending policy of properly articulated could provide a guide for safe, sound and profitable banking activities, if on the other hand the lending policy is not properly formulated, it could lead to the banks liquidation.

Irrespective of the account of liquidity available in a bank, it may find it practically impossible to satisfy all the request it gets for loan since the request may out ship available resources. The bank thus has to discriminate in its decision to lend. Such action must however be based on objectives, funds available for loans must be juidiciously applied strictly along the bank policy guidelines. When the policy has been formulated lending procedures evolves as check towards ensuring that the objective of the