THE IMPACT OF EMPLOYEES PARTICIPATION IN DECISION MAKING AND ORGANISATIONAL PRODUCTIVITY (A CASE STUDY OF ANAMMCO COMPANY ENUGU)

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THE NATURE AND CONSEQUENCES OF JUVENILE DELINQUENCY IN NIGERIA: A STUDY OF ENUGU NORTH LGA, ENUGU STATE

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ABSTRACT

Decision is the point at which plans, policies and objectives are translated into concrete action.  It is noted that Managers, do consider decision making to be the heart of their job in that they must always choose what is to be done, they influences the ordinary employees in decision making.

The objective of the research is to know the impact of employees participation in decision making on organizational productivity in Nigerian public sector organizations.

Structural questionnaires were administered to 210 respondents which include the management (senior) and intermediate staff of the company, through the employees participating in the decision making will result to high productivity in the organization.

Data collected are analysed in a tabular form using a simple percentage of formular to get the findings.  The results were discussed in terms of the need for the employee to participate in the decision making in an organization to boost productivity.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER ONE:

• Introduction

1.1     Background of study

1.2     Statement of problems

1.3     Purpose of the study

1.4     Scope of the study

1.5     Research Hypothesis

1.6     Significance of the study

1.7     Limitation of the study

1.8     Definition of Terms

CHAPTER TWO

• Review of Related Literature

2.1     The Concept of participation

2.2     Factors that influence participation

2.3     Prerequisites for participation

2.4     Forms of Employees participation

2.5     Different needs for participation

2.6     View Expressed

2.7     Constraints to participate

2.8     Argument for participation

2.9     Argument against participation

References

CHAPTER THREE

• Research Design and Methodology

3.1     Research Design

3.2     Area of the study

3.3     Population of the study

3.4     Sample and Sampling procedure

3.5     Instrument for data collection

3.6     Validation of the instrument

3.7     Reliability of the instrument

• Method of data collection
• Method of data analysis

References

CHAPTER FOUR

• Data Presentation and Analysis

4.1     Presentation and Analysis of Data

4.2     Testing of Hypothesis

4.3     Summary of Results

References

CHAPTER FIVE

• Discussion, Recommendation and Conclusion

5.1     Discussion of Result/Findings

5.2     Conclusion

5.3     Implications of Result/Findings

5.4     Recommendations

5.5     Suggestions for further research

Bibliography

Appendix

Appendix

CHAPTER ONE

• BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY:

It should be known first that a decision is a choice whereby a person forms a conclusion about a situation Costello, I Wand Zalkind, S.S. (1963 p. 334), confined the term decision making, to a choice process, choosing one from among several possibilities.  However, election theory in Costello, T.W. et al (1963, p. 387) largely considers decision as asking the process of making a single choice among course of action at a particular point in time.  This depicts a course of behaviour about what must be done or vice versa.

Decision, however, is the point at which plans, policies and objectives are translated into concrete actions.  Planning engenders decision guided by company policy and objectives, policies, procedures and programmes.  The aim of decision making is to channel human behaviour towards a future goal.

Decision making is one of the most germane activities of management.  It has been the preoccupation of all the management of multifarious organization ranging from small-scale organization to multinational corporations.

Managers many at times consider decision making to be the heart of their job in that they must always choose what is to be done, who will do it, when, where and most of the time how it will be done.

Traditionally, managers influence the ordinary employees and specifically, their immediate subordinate in the organization.  This has resulted in managers making natural decision even in area affecting their subordinates.  In Germany, around 1951, a law enacted which provides for code termination and requires labour membership in the supervisory board and executive committee of certain large corporations.  However, the participation of labour in decision making process results to relatively and peacefully labour management relations.

Additionally, the Japanese management WSES decision making by concensus in which lower – level employee initiate the reaches the desk of the top executive.  If the proposal is approved, it is returned to the initiator for implementation.

It is in this context, that the researcher wishes to assess the impact of employees participation in decision making on organisational productivity in Nigerian Public Sector organization, using Anammco Company as a case study.

1.2     STATEMENTOF THE PROBLEM:

There has been a lot of controversy as to whether an employee should participate in managerial decision making or not.  Some writers argued that employees where it affects them or their jobs, it is expected that such participation will serve as training and testing ground for future members of upper management.

In Nigeria, experts that refuted the above assertion see the arrangement as a symptom of malorganisation

THE PROBLEMS OF WORKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENT IN THE PRIVATE SECTOR.

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THE NATURE AND CONSEQUENCES OF JUVENILE DELINQUENCY IN NIGERIA: A STUDY OF ENUGU NORTH LGA, ENUGU STATE

Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

ATM CARD:  YOU CAN ALSO MAKE PAYMENT USING YOUR ATM CARD OR ONLINE TRANSFER. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR BANK SECURITY FOR GUIDE ON HOW TO TRANSFER MONEY TO OTHER BANKS USING YOUR ATM CARD. ATM CARD OR ONLINE BANK TRANSFER IS FASTER FOR QUICK DELIVERY TO YOUR EMAIL . OUR MARKETER WILL RESPOND TO YOU ANY TIME OF THE DAY. WE SUPPORT CBN CASHLESS SOCIETY. 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS  LESS THAN 24 HOURS

CALL OUR  CUSTOMERS CARE  OKEKE CHIDI C ON :  08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE  YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 2 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.

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CHAPTER ONE

• THE INTRODUCTION

The main objectives of any business in the private sector is to make profit, but the uncertainty inherent in today’s economical environment threatens the survival of every business and makes sound liquidity and management, the local point for financial management rather than achievement of maximum profit.

1. For sometime past, the convention revenue occurs and balance sheet have been considered sufficient for the effective control of a business. The deeper study and in creased financial lead to an ever growing and importance of working capital and it’s influence on the success or otherwise of business operations.

2. Working capital management has been various defined but in a nutshell, it refers directly to planning, organizing, financing and controlling of resources available to the business in order to achieve set of objective or a definite goal.

L.R. Howard puts it this way; working capital may be regarded as the life hood of a business. Its effective provision can do much to ensure the success of a business while it’s in efficient management can lead not only to loss of profit but also to the ultimate downfall of want.  Otherwise might be considered as a promissory concern.

3. It is certain that if skilled working capital management is not available in amount of finance provided will transform a financially weak company with mediocre performance into a strong and dynamic organization enjoying a scintillating reputation.

• BUSINESS GUIDING OBJECTIVES

Every business has its objectives that guides its policy and in

their most basic form include survival, profitability and growth.  Growth objectives are the control philosophy of any successful management.  This may be expressed in a variety of ways. Sales, profit, market share, geographical coverage, product line but they are all contingent on a continues flow of funds affording management the means to implement decisions.

So, while the primary financial responsibility form an ownership view point may be to maximize value, the financial executive primary managerial responsibility is to present the continuity of the flow of funds, so that no essential decision of top management is frustrated for lack of corporate purchasing power.

1. Considered in these terms the researcher wants to examine how working capital has been managed overtime in an organization.

2. To examine if an organization has sufficient cash to maintain a smooth functioning organization that takes advantage of discounts similar savings.

3. To examine I cash and inventory are excessive in an organization.

To investigate of an organization has adequ

ABSTRACT

This project work “The Problems of Working Capital Management in the Private Sector” affords the reader a step by step approach to the study of the rast filed of private sector and the problems encounter in the management of these private sector.

The first chapter of this work provides relevant introductory materials and objectives guiding business within the region of private sector. The second chapter provides the central philosophy of a successful management, meaning of working capital management and the inefficient management of working capital. In this work, we shall come to know that profit is the sole aim of every business and must be targeted at any point in time.

This work will help most especially the private sectors to know how to go about maximizing profit. I remain grateful to director school of financial studies Onovo and also to all my well wishers.

INTERNAL CONTROL IN AN EXAMINING BODY-

A CASE STUDY OF THE NATIONAL EXAMINATION COUNCIL, ENUGU ZONAL OFFICE

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THE NATURE AND CONSEQUENCES OF JUVENILE DELINQUENCY IN NIGERIA: A STUDY OF ENUGU NORTH LGA, ENUGU STATE

Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

ATM CARD:  YOU CAN ALSO MAKE PAYMENT USING YOUR ATM CARD OR ONLINE TRANSFER. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR BANK SECURITY FOR GUIDE ON HOW TO TRANSFER MONEY TO OTHER BANKS USING YOUR ATM CARD. ATM CARD OR ONLINE BANK TRANSFER IS FASTER FOR QUICK DELIVERY TO YOUR EMAIL . OUR MARKETER WILL RESPOND TO YOU ANY TIME OF THE DAY. WE SUPPORT CBN CASHLESS SOCIETY. 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS  LESS THAN 24 HOURS

CALL OUR  CUSTOMERS CARE  OKEKE CHIDI C ON :  08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE  YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 2 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.

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CHAPTER ONE:

INTRODUCTION

1.1     Background of the study

1.2     Statement of problem

1.3     Purpose of the study

1.4     Significance of the study

1.5     Scope and limitations

1.6     Statement of Hypothesis

1.7     Definition of term

End Notes

CHAPTER TWO:

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1     A checklist of internal control

2.2     Qualities of a good internal control

2.3     Internal control and Accounting profession in Nigeria

2.4     Internal control of real-time installation

2.5     Consideration of an effective control system

2.6     Articles that enhance internal control system

(magazines and journals)

End Notes

CHAPTER THREE:

RESEARCH DESIHN AND METHODOLOGY

3.1     Source of Date

3.2     Survey instruments

CHAPTER FOUR:

DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

4.1     Presentation and Analysis of data

4.2     Interpretation of data

CHAPTER FIVE;

FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1     Findings

5.2     Conclusion

5.3     Recommendation

Bibliography

Appendices

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

Background of the study:

Internal control was defined by the Auditing standards and guideline as a whole system of control both financial and otherwise, established by management in order to carry on the business of on enterprise in an orderly and efficient manner, ensure adherence to management polices, safeguard the asset and secure as far as possible the completeness and accuracy of records.’’(1)

In reality, internal control form the bedrock of auditing both from the point of view of management and the auditor, its objectives being the prevention or early detection of fraud and errors. It may include internal auditing which qualifies as part of the system of internal control and it is designed for the following reasons:

(a)      To enforce financial and other control:

(b)     Ensure adherence to management policy

(c)      Help to safeguard the assets (cash)

(d)     To ensure the accuracy and reliability of the records

(e)      Help to ensure orderliness in the business and

• Help in the prevention and early detection of fraud and errors.

An artificial review of the change in the Accounting practice will depict the essence of internal control system in an organization especially in an examining body.

The earliest known form of accounting, which is stewardship, Accounting started as far back as 450 B.C.  This form of accounting involves the orderly recorded of business transaction by person appointed by the landlord to serve as a stewards for them. This was later changed as the recording remained primitive stewardship accounting pave may to financial accounting during the nineteenth century which marketed the era of industrial revolution”. This indeed led to the advent of joint stock companies- a situation where by group of individuals contributed capital in exchange for shares in the asset and profits of the company sea bubble of 1720, had earlier on instilled fear and suspicion in the mind the public that they doubt the ability of the directors to carry out this type of trade honestly.

Management accounting however, is not left but for it is another aspect of accounting that got it authority and ground from the historical recording and analysing role of accounting to emphasizing detailed information for internal planning, control and decision making.

Currently most business are operated by limited liability companies which are owned by their share holders, but managed by the directors appointed by them.

In the same vein, the public corporation and establishment, and even examining bodies are owned by the public but under the management of appointees.

The appraisal of the work of these appointees are carried out by an independent person referred to as an auditor, who is charge with the responsibility of evaluating and examining the accounts of the management and report on his finding to the owners (share holder) of the company or corporations. It is pertinent to note that one of the tools or mechanism adopted by an auditor in appraising the work of the management is the internal control system with this system of control, the share holder are convinced or self assured on efficient and effective management of their assets and resources.

1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM:

In an attempt to overcome envisaged problem in the presentation of accounting information and the system internal control, the government made a leading statement and regulations which serve as a yardsticks by which an accounting system could be measured. Also accounting and Auditing professional bodies laid town some guidelines, which will guide their member, and all practicing Accountants and Auditor in the performance of their professional duties.

EFFECTIVENESS OF FINANCIAL CONTROL IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR

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THE NATURE AND CONSEQUENCES OF JUVENILE DELINQUENCY IN NIGERIA: A STUDY OF ENUGU NORTH LGA, ENUGU STATE

Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

ATM CARD:  YOU CAN ALSO MAKE PAYMENT USING YOUR ATM CARD OR ONLINE TRANSFER. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR BANK SECURITY FOR GUIDE ON HOW TO TRANSFER MONEY TO OTHER BANKS USING YOUR ATM CARD. ATM CARD OR ONLINE BANK TRANSFER IS FASTER FOR QUICK DELIVERY TO YOUR EMAIL . OUR MARKETER WILL RESPOND TO YOU ANY TIME OF THE DAY. WE SUPPORT CBN CASHLESS SOCIETY. 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS  LESS THAN 24 HOURS

CALL OUR  CUSTOMERS CARE  OKEKE CHIDI C ON :  08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE  YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 2 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.   

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE

ABSTRACT

The study examined advertising as a tool for increasing sales in an organization (A case study of John Holt Ventures Ltd).  The research was earned out to ascertain the extent of advertising as a tool for increasing sales.

In order to solve the research problem, four hypothesis were formulated.

The population studied in this research comprised of customer, distributes and relevant management staff of John Holt Ltd and their were 369 using Topman’s formular, 196 using Bourley’s formular and 34 using census exercise respectively.

In the bid to solve the research problem, data were gathered using oral interviews, questionnaires and relevant books were reviewed.

Data collected were analyzed using percentages and tables, the four hypothesis were tested using chi – square (X²) method of testing hypothesis.

From the data analyzed the following were ascertained.

• That advertising message of John Holt influence consumers to continuously patronize the company’s product.
• The quality of John Holts Ltd’s advertisement that influences consumers most to purchase the organizations offering were the ability to gain attention
• Advertising messages used by the company increases the sales volume of the organization
• Both the print and electronic media of advertising used by the company were efficient and effective.

Based on the findings a number of recommendations were made among which were; to improve the advertising content and timing, so that interest will be generated in the consumes, to carryout more advertisement in newspaper since a greater percentage of consumers can afford, or have access to it everyday.

Following the discoveries, it was concluded that advertising increase sales in the organization, therefore it is strongly believed that if John Holt Ltd should carryout the implementation procedures properly, it will help in ensuring sustainable growth and survival of the organization.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

• Background of this study
• Statement of problem
• Objectives of study
• Research hypotheses
• Significance of the study
• Scope of the study
• Definition of terms.

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

• Meaning of advertising
• Types of advertising
• Reasons for advertising / Advertising objectives
• Advertising as a communication process
• Advertising media selection and scheduling
• Measuring advertising effectiveness in John Holt Ltd.
• Advertising and its affection consumer behaviour
• Advertising efficiency in marketing operations of John Holt Ltd.

CHAPTER THREE

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

• Research design
• Sources of data
• Population of study
• Sample size determination
• Sampling techniques
• Research instruments used
• Validation and reliability of research instruments used.
• Method of data treatment and analysis.
• Limitations of the study

CHAPTER FOUR

PRESENTATION ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DAPT

• Data presentation and analysis
• Test of hypotheses

CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSION

• Summary of findings
• Recommendations
• Conclusion
• Suggestion for further study

CHAPTER ONE

1.1     BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Every organization has the need to increase sales volume in order to yield maximum profit to the organization; at the same time to create awareness of the products of the organization and finally convince customers to make purchases commitment to the organizations brand of products.

Advertising basically as an integral part of the marketing program, has long been recognized as a means of spreading information to the various sectors of the economy for accomplishing various marketing goals.

It is a means by which an organization makes known to the public what it wants to sell or buy.  Advertising messages also enlighten the consumes on the usefulness of a product, services or idea and consequently create in the consumer a desire to procure such product or act favorably towards such services or idea.

By itself, advertising is a vital marketing tool that helps to sell goods services, images and ideas through information and persuasion (Ebue, 1995:53) he also maintained that many firms allocate the largest share of the promotional budget to advertising as an indication of its vital role in the sale of products.  Basically, the aim of advertising is to stimulate the need awareness of a product, convince the customer and finally lead them to act, (making purchase) which consequently, increases the sales volume in an organization.  Therefore, advertising is a very powerful marketing communication tool for increasing sales in an organization thus, it becomes imperative that every profit or non profit oriented  organization needs to advertise in order to achieve the main bottom live of being in business.

This study is an effort to determine the extent in which advertising has contributed to the awareness, persuasiveness of the firms products or brands and in tarn increase sales in John Holt Ventures Ltd Okpara avenue Enugu.

John Holt Ventures as a business outfit at about 1827 in liver pool and later developed into a group of companies.  John Holt was incorporated in Nigeria in 1910 as a buying out fit, manufacturers and distributors, sales and services of machninees, industrial equipments and other items like motor cycles, generators, speed engine boats etc.

John Holt Ventures Ltd has branches all over the nation and used advertising in getting them products across to their numerous customers.

1.2     STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

John Holt Ventures Ltd is the leader in the distribution, sales and serving of machineries and industrial equipment in Nigeria and has remained successful in business since its