THE IMPACT OF NEWS COMMENTARIES ON RADIO LISTENERS

(A CASE STUDY OF FEDERAL RADIO CORPORATION OF NIGERIA ENUGU)

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ABSTRACT

 

The aim of this research project is to know the essence of radio commentaries and its impact on the listeners.

The project stars with information which given insight into the historical  back ground of news commentaries.

It processed to examine the impact news commentaries creates to this listens and the distinguishing features.  It then derives into detailed exposition of relevant literature formation of research question and hypothesis.

The research question was formulated to properly address the problem on radio commentary in relation to its listens.  Questionnaire were administered to the sampled respondents. The findings on the study reveled that news commentaries have less impact on some resident of the country as a result of low level of awareness and illiteracy.

The research recommended that radio news commentaries should create enough awareness to control the effect of illiteracy level of respondent and also further studies should be encouraged.

 

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

• Background of the study
• Statement of problem
• Objective of the study
• Significance of study
• Research question
• Research hypothesis
• Definition of terms
• Assumption
• Limitation of the study

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1     Source of literature

• The review
• Summary of literature review

CHAPTER THREE

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY

3.1     Research  method

• Research design
• Research sample
• Data collection
• Data analysis

CHAPTER FOUR

Data  analysis and result

• Data analysis
• Result
• Discussion

CHAPETR FIVE

Summary & recommendation for further study

• Summary
• Recommendation
• Conclusion

Bibliography

Appendix

Questionnaire

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

The history of radio news commentary in Nigeria dated back to the 1930’s when what was known as radio receiver was just a wooden box and as amp liter.  The audience has thrilled by these live commentaries run by various pioneer commentators.

Ever since the tradition of running radio commentary has remained with radio to this day.

In presidential democracy such as ours news commentary whether on the  radio newspaper or television do not only serve as surveyor of public opinion but also serve as a requisite for bridging the credibility gap between government and the governed.

Perhaps, it might be necessary to draw a line of distinction between news and news commentary. A news caster presents straight news without additional comment.  While a news talk provides background information to the new.  Writing on the uses of radio, Richard Aspinall said that: “with limits radio can persuade   and effectively influence large  audience thereby contributing substantially to the thinking of the nation”

in the Nigeria media house today news commentary has become a ferment feature.  Airtime is allowed to news commentary immediately after major news- bulletins perhaps as an attention gaining strategy.   The media house not only give air space to commentaries written by its own staff but also uses those written in the additional headlines of various  new papers this giving freedom of expression a chance.

Today the media house news- commentary not only interpret the news but sometimes comment on societal problems but what happens to the problems or issues of the society and the views expressed by the news- talk after these Tracie broadcasts as in the media house?

Do they influence the attitude and an opinion of the country’s listening public?

1.1     BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Perhaps 50 percent of each radio news commentary listeners who forget to fund their radio during commentary do so are more accustomed to the news paper additional page to which they can easily refer may be and may be not we shall find cut through survey in the subsequent chapters.

Owing to the fact that news- commentary are aired to  listeners and are not seen we have therefore taken it upon ourselves to present at least except of two news commentary aired by ESBS  and FRCN Is it not often said that seeing is believing? Indeed sight or vision is an indispensable in learning and retention –vision is said to aid the memory to produce previously retained content.

And for quick remembrance of past new-talks by respondents these excerpts shall serve as basis for our analyses.  We shall present them to our respondents for answers

1.2     STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

A country like Nigeria with diverse culture and human resource & need radio commentaries or news talk capable of interpreting events bordering global and societal issues. Obviously these news-commentary are staunchly provided to listeners on a daily basis

Unfortunately about 80% of radio listeners ignore news- talk once they have listened to actual news broadcast but radio listeners are 100% attentive to sport commentaries

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EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION AND PRODUCTIVITY

(A CASE STUDY OF ESUT, ENUGU)

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ABSTRACT

 

According to N. C. Abah, motivation is the mind to do a thing because that thing has meaning to the person doing it. (N. C. Abah 1997: 115).

Also Emma E. O. Chukwuemeka said that for an individual to be motivated, he must believe that an act on his part must be followed by a given outcome. (Chukwuemeka 1998: 171). Motivation has been defined in terms of how behaviour get started and how it is sustained, is directed, stopped and how it is sustained, is directed stopped and what kind of subjective reaction is present in the organism while all this is going on. (Jonesty Rored) Nebraska symposium on motivation as quoted by N. C. Chantsl pg 97 in his book public personnel and Administration).

The relationship between motivation and productivity is the backbone of this research work. The project is an arduous attempt to study the productivity, using Enugu State University of Science and Technology, (ESUT) as a test group. Specifically, the research intends to isolate and analyse the motivational techniques employed by analyse the motivational techniques employed by the mentioned university to solicit workers co-operation.

Methodologically, this study is descriptive and pattern of descriptive analysis is based on answers to certain research questions formulated by the researcher.

Statistically tool of the chi-square (x²) is used in analyzing the views of the respondents, the high lights drawn thereof;

1. Promotion of the Enugu State University of Science and Tec is a factor of Educational qualification and handwork.
2. The workers – boss relationship affects the overall productivity of the organisation.
3. Bureaucratic processes do not prevent the formulating and implementing effective staff maintenance technique.

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER ONE

Introduction

1.1    Background of the study

1.2    Statement of the problem

1.3    Objective of the study

1.4    Scope of the study

1.5    Significance of the study

1.6    Definition of terms

References

 

CHAPTER TWO

Review of Related Literature

2.1    Introduction

2.2    Motivation – A theoretical discourse

2.3    Abraham Maslow Hierarchy of need theory

2.4    Fredrick Herzberg’s two-factor theory

2.5    Douglas Mcgregor’s Theory X and Theory Y

2.6    The concept of productivity

2.7    Enugu State University of Science and Technology; background information.

2.8    The governance of the university

2.9    The registry

2.10  Motivation in Enugu State University of Science and Technology

2.11  Discipline procedure

2.12  Suspension

2.13  Summary of the literature reviewed

References

 

CHAPTER THREE

Methodology

3.1    Research design

3.2    Area of the study

3.3    Population of the study

3.4    Sample and sampling procedure

3.5    Instrument for data collection

3.6    Validation of the instrument

3.7    Reliability of the study

3.8    Method of data collection

3.9    Method of data analysis

 

CHAPTER FOUR

Data presentation and analysis

 

 

CHAPTER FIVE    

Discussion, implications and recommendation

5.1    Discussion of results

5.2    Conclusion

5.3    Implication of the result

5.4    Recommendation

5.5    Suggestion for further research

5.6    Limited of the study

References

Bibliography

Questionnaire

 

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

 

INTRODUCTION

1.1     BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

In any given state different utility functions are performed. Some of these function services can be produced by private individuals but the cost will be high as to be beyond the financial reach of every individual who requires such essential goods, functions and services. In order to avoid such situations government decides to provide these essential functions and services itself. In doing so, the government does not want such services reasons to be under taken by a government departments or agency but instead sets up special institution, gives them legal and economic advice of edicts, decrees or acts of parliament to provide essential services. Among others, such organisation so set up became known broadly as state university or polytechnic.

 

Enugu state university of science and technology is Enugu state owned institution of higher learning established by the former Governor of Anambra State Chief (Hon) Dr. Jim ifeanyichuwku Nwobodo in 1980 following the creation of Enugu state in 1991, it became Enugu State University of Science and Technology. The institution is changed with the training of middle and high level manpower, carrying out research geared towards solving human problems among others. To achieve these goals and objectives, the university was staffed with different member of academic and non-academic staff.

 

Thus, all activities of any organizations are initiated and determined by the persons who make up that institution.

Dale Yoder (1972: 225) argues in affirmative, he contends that working organisations presumably begin with knowing the requirement of people, what ever may be their organisational goals and objectives, they can be implemented only through the end for the capabilities of people. Organisational structure must be manned or staffed, if they are to accomplish anything.

 

Human effort therefore is central to the attainment of any organisational goal.

The ability to motivate workers in any organisation will go a long way to enhance the organisational out put and productivity. Achievement of the workforce.

 

 

1.2     STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

1. ESUT staff are not paid as at when due, these had resulted in poor performance of staff.
2. The staff of ESUT are not usually exposed to in service and other training programmes which had resulted to inefficiency.
3. ESUT staff are not promoted based on merit but on whether the affected officer knew those in authority and it had caused low productivity, poor performance workers.
4. Incessant strike actions by staff of Enugu State University of Science and Tec, had also affected productivity of staff.

 

 

 

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THE ROLE OF PLANNING AND FORECASTING IN BUSINESS ORGANIZATION

(A CASE STUDY OF EASTERN SHOP NIGERIA LIMITED OGUI ENUGU, ENUGU STATE)

 

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ABSTRACT

 

The role of planning and forecasting in business organization is a topic chosen from the business administration and management field.

The research was conducted mainly to examine the positive and negatives effects of not making good use of planning and forecasting in the business administration of an organization. For effective research on this topic THE ROLE OF PLANNING AND FORECASTING IN BUSINESS ORGANIZATION. Both primary and secondary data were used to elicit information from sample studied, the primary source of data were response form the personal interview which secondary source form textbook on business management and administration and periodicals.

Twenty-five people were interviewed as the sample of the staff and management of EASTERN SHOP NIGERIA LTD.

The data analysis was based on oral interview I had with the staff of Eastern Shop (twenty five) the major finding as follows.

• The planning and Forecasting is aids to correct mismanagement in business organization.
• And the planning and forecasting gives go ahead over to any individual organization that is going into business to make judicious use of forecasting and planning as a way of success in any business.
• Poor Forecasting attitude and inadequate planning
• Poor Integration of Forecasting and planning in running of business.

 

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENT

Acknowledgement

Abstract

Table of Content

 

CHAPTER ONE

1.1     Introduction

1.2     Background of the Subject Matter

1.3     Problem Associated with the Subject Matter

1.4     The Problem the Study will be concerned with

1.5     The Importance of Study

1.6     Definition of Importance Term

• Reference

 

CHAPTER TWO:  LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1     The Origin of the Subject Matter

2.2     Schools of Thought Within the Subject Area

• The schools of Thought Relevant to
• The Subject Matter

2.5     Difference Methods of Studying the Problem

2.6     Summary

2.7     Reference

 

CHAPTER THREE:                 CONCLUSION

3.1    Data Presentation

3.2     Analysis of the Data

3.3     Recommendation

3.4     Conclusions

3.5     References

 

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

 

1.1     INTRODUCTION

Andreas Faludi states that “Planning and Forecasting is the Queen Mother function of management (organization) and that if planning and forecasting fail what/who will you direct, control, budget, staff, co-ordinate or organize rather than failure and shame”. Again he state of tension resulting from observing unexpected events. (Toulinin,1960).

Planning and Forecasting present efforts to reduce surprise caused by such events by giving practicable accounts of how they come about.”

 

WHAT IS PLANNING AND FORECASTING?

Forecasting is preparing of an organizational future objectives and its current material and personnel inventory, the general or departmental manager makes an estimate of the current material and human resources that will be able to do in the future and how many more human and material resources the organization must hire to meet its goals (Needle 1999:178).

 

Any business organization without element of forecasting in like driving a car blind- folded and being directed by a man looking out through the back window. Furthermore, forecasting is prediction; it is an effort by enterprises to know what the future holds for it. Henry Fayol speaks of prevalence as the essence of management.

According to Fayol “this looking ahead include both assessing the future and making provision for it.

 

Modern business management has become a complex activity and so there is the need for adequate forecasting, the need for adequate forecasting is apparent from the hey role it plays in planning Koontz et al stated that “as influence in plans of the entire environment outside the enterprises has come to be increasingly recognizes forecasting of the environment has risen in importance”.

The role of forecasting in business organization is so important that it must be adapted by managers. The making of forecasting and their review by manager compel thinking ahead looking to the future and providing for it. Also, the very act of forecasting may disclose areas where necessary control is lacking.

 

PLANNING:

Andreas Faludi state “Man’s understanding of this world and his ability to act in it depends on his constructing an imaginary in his own mind this applies equally well to the planner’s understanding of himself and his appreciation”. Planning in its simplest meaning is the determination of anything in advance of action. Planning is defined by Koontz O. Donneil as, “deciding in advance what to do who is to do it, when to do it and why it should be done”.

 

Planning bridges the gap from where we are to where we want to go planning can also be defined as “ a predetermined cause of action that helps to provide purpose and direction for members of an enterprise.

 

In designing an environment for effective performance of individual working together in groups, the most essential task is to see that purpose and objective and methods of attaining them are clearly understood. Planning is the first function of a manager. It is necessary if anything or activities is to reach the denied goal.

 

Through planning a manager can approach pre-determined objective rationally. All the work of an executive whether he know it or not, is some way connected with the unfolding of a plan. In identifying the role of planning in business organization, Koontz et al State that, “we are in an economic technological social and political era in which planning like other function of managers has become requisite for enterprise survival”.

 

Planning is unique in that it established the objective necessary for all group efforts.

Planning and Forecasting are important tools of company management and decision- making as they assist in the appraisal of investment project in the analysis measurement and improvement of current marketing strategy and manpower planning and in the identification and development of new products and new market further they promote and facilitate the proper functioning of the many aspects of company’s activities.

Planning and Forecasting are compliment in that for a good result both go together they could be regarded as independent parts that make a specified whole writing also in the concept, Koontz O’ Donneil states that forecasting especially where participated throughout the organization may help to unify and co-ordinate plans. By focusing attention on the future, it assists in bringing a singleness of purpose to planning”.

 

1.2     BACKGROUND OF THE SUBJECT MATTER

The popular super market called Eastern Shop was established in May 28, 1960 almost five (5) Months after the independence of this country, this took place at Ogui Road Enugu then Anambra State now Enugu State which is formerly known as the headquarters of Eastern Nigeria.

The supermarket is situated opposite Nnamdi Azikiwe S

 

 

 

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COMMUNICATION A TOOL FOR EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT

(CASE STUDY OF THE STAR PRINTING AND PUBLISHING COMPANY LIMITED ENUGU)

 

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ABSTRACT

 

This project work tries to examine communication its effective management of star printing and publishing company limited Enugu State

The printing industry in Nigeria just like the other industries is quite an enterprising one over the years it has continued to enjoy favovrable government gestures politics and stands to receive more judging from the trend of government emphasis in the development of the industry for example the opening of the Oku- Iboku new sprint manufacturing plant in cross River state howver as business continues to grow so does the industry need to be reviewing its communication system to meet the challenge posed by the growth?

 

Therefore the industry embark on involving the  staff in the communication process to be aware of activities in the industry and to continue to follow the trends of evant  of the company. It is expected that with the involvement of the staff in the communication process the communication process in the organization becomes more effective hence management ability enhanced.

 

The researcher therefore wanted to find out if such efficient communications do exist in the star printing publishing company limited.

For the purpose of this study the researches made use of both library research personal interview and the survey approach and found out that there was encouragement of direct contact between top management and employees that can detect a problem in the organization that the communication feed back mechanism existing in the organizaiton needs a little re-organization and that there is a difference in the way communication is disseminated in the organizaiton.

Hence the researcher advanced some pertinent recommendation on the need for elaborate and clearly written down procedures of communication was advocated and finally the researcher highlighted the importance of effective feedback mechanism

 

TABLE CONTENTS

CHAPTER ONE:

INTRODUCTION

• Background of the study
• Statement of problem
• Objective of the study
• Hypothesis/ research question
• Significance of study
• Scope of study/ Definition
• Definition of terms

Reference

 

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

• Definition of communication
• Characteristic of effective communication
• Need for effective communication
• Feedback as aid to effective communication
• Barriers to effective communication
• Summary of related literature

Reference

 

CHAPTER THREE

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

• Research design
• Data collection
• Research instrument
• Research procedure
• Method of data analysis
• Distribution and retrieve of questionnaire
• Validation and reliability of the instrument

Reference

 

CHAPTER FOUR

PREVENTION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA

• Data analysis

 

CHAPTER FIVE

FINDING SUMMARY CONCUSSION AND RECOMMENDATION

• Finding
• Summary
• Conclusion
• Implications
• Recommendation

Reference

Bibliography

Appendix

Questionnaire

 

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

• BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The star printing and publishing company limited Enugu was born on the 1^st October 1975.  it took from the reliable  publishing company ltd. Publishing of renaissances newspaper.  The maiden publication was launched in October 1^st 1975 and was called daily star” and subsequently “ the star” was adapted by the company the company is managed by men if proven integrity in the field of management.

 

They realize the important role of communication play in any business set up in order to propagate this role workers of different position in the company have been sent on course both in service and long term overseas training in order to achieve improved performance it is disheartening therefore to finds out that after all these efforts the communication system in the organization continued to deteriorate.

 

In the words of EB flipo et ab commumcation serves as a lubricant that faster the smooth operation of the management process.  In contrast to what is obtained these days in business organizaiton, which is characterized, by management directive and authoritarian behaviour of management.

 

Adequate communication system ensures flexibility and   offers the management and subordinate the opportunity not only to identify problems but also to co-operate in designing solution to them. The cause of communication problem in the company could be attributed to the fact that individual differs.

 

This is problem that a company inherits because they are common to the society individual are born with different potentialities they also must have had different experience during their childhood youths and as adult   they have had employers an supervisor who have exerted a variety of influence upon than problem arising from the company psychological climate which tends to obstruct communication.

 

One organization may be permissive in that employees allowed expressing them selves freely and encouraging participating in way of the important activities.  Another organizaiton may be autocratic that individuals are expected to express their opinion and otherwise discouraged from engaging in participative activities expect in rare instance such might be the case of star printing company limited Enugu.

 

Mechanical inefficiency could also be the cause of the problem in the company. This advanced in the same that they originate from lack of proper facilities on means of communication like telex telephone telegrams fax machines etc.

 

These factors on tools used for receiving or sanding urgent business information when any of these equipment is not functioning proper information flow is distorted and this is in the interest of the organization this study intends to survey the various ways by which the management of the above named company communication with its environment it is no exaggeration to say that the communication function is the means by which organized activity is unified communication may be cooked up as the means by which behaviours is modified change is effected information is made  productive and organizational goals are achieved. Whether we are considering business enterprise the transfer of information from one individual to another is absolutely essential.  Acting as

 

 

 

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ANALYSIS OF FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR LOW PRODUCTIVITY OF NIGERIA WORKERS IN THE PRIVATE SECTOR

(A CASE STUDY OF NBL 9^TH MILE CORNERS NGWO)

 

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CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1     Background of the Study

1.2     Statement of the Problem

1.3     Purpose of the Study

1.4     Significance of the Study

1.5     Scope /Limitations of the Study

1.6     Research Questions

References

 

CHAPTER TWO

2.0     LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1     Meaning and Nature of Productivity

2.2     Origin of Low Productivity in Nigeria

2.3     Review of Related Literature

 

CHAPTER THREE

3.0     Research Design and Methodology

3.1     Research Design

3.2     Area of the Study

3.3     Population of the Study

3.4     Sample and Sampling Technique

3.5     Validation /Reliability of Instrument

3.6     Method of Collection

References

 

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0     Presentation and Analysis of Data

4.1     Presentation of Data

4.2     Interpretation of Data

References

 

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0     Discussion of Results and Findings

5.1     Findings

5.2     Conclusions

5.3     Implications of the Findings/ Recommendation

References

Bibliography

 

 

ABSTRACT

The research on the factors responsible for low-productivity of Nigeria workers in the private sector with particular reference to Nigeria Breweries 9^th mile corners Ngwo Enugu State was intended to determine how to increase productivity in Nigerian economy. In conducting the research reference was made to related literature.

 

Questionnaires were also used for collection of data for the study. Other forms of data collection were also used e.g. personal observation and consultation of textbooks. It was not all that easy, so there were some limitations which in one way or the other affected the findings of the research.

 

Tables were used to present, analyze and interpret the data. At the end, findings based on the data and other consultations revealed that, factors like breakdown of machine and equipment, poor management, high rate of labour turnover and lack of production goal cause low productivity .

 

Recommendations and conclusions were made based on the findings in order to help solve this problem of low-productivity in Nigeria workers.

 

 

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

 

INTRODUCTION

 

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The issue of low productivity of Nigeria workers has in recent years been a matter of grate concern to the nation. The rate at which productivity grows is influenced by two things: –

(i)      The rate of society’s demand and the rate of inflation.

Increased productivity is very vital for the health of the country because it will help to improve the conditions of the environment, enhance security and improve the standard and quality of life of the citizens. This is why David Ricada in his study of population said that food needs to grow at a geometrical rate in order to meet the demand of the growing population. This emphasizes the need for increased productivity.

 

Yesufu T.M. (1962) was of the view that productivity can be defined as the ratio between output and all the resources used in production i.e. capital, labour, raw materials etc. the most efficient use of all available resources. With these definitions; One may ask why is the Nigeria worker inherently characterized by low-productivity in spite of all government’s efforts to improve the economy and the ever increasing need for improved productivity? The answer to this disturbing question is vital and will be answered and discussed in this study.

 

Increasing productivity is a way of increasing the ability of people to do what they want, to do as well as achieving a higher standard of living for all suffering from low income and in boosting the prosperity of the overall Nigeria economy.

 

 

1.2     STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

          Nigerians have so much complained about a low productivity of Nigerian workers. Even workers themselves have also been worried about their own level of productivity. Some of them believe if one’s output is high, it will motivate one much towards working harder and thereby increasing productivity, as high output makes one to be satisfied.

Nigerians cannot withstand the competition in the world market; this is also attributed to low- productivity especially in the industries in the private sectors. This is because; most of the product used in Nigeria is….

 

 

 

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