Category Archives: Business Administration Project Topics And Materials preview To Nigeria Students

Business Administration Project Topics And Materials preview To Nigeria Students

Business Administration Project Topics And Materials preview To Nigeria Students, Management project topics and materials preview, Public Administration Project Topics And Material preview

The problem of retirement in enugu state civil service

Leave a comment

The problem of retirement in enugu state civil service

a case study of enugu state universal basic education board.

 

 

COMPLETE PROJECT  MATERIAL COST 3000 NAIRA

 

                                   ORDER NOW

MAKE YOUR PAYMENT  INTO ANY OF THE FOLLOWING BANKS:
 GTBANK
Account Name : Chi E-Concept Int’l
ACCOUNT NUMBER:  0115939447
First Bank:
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
Account Name: 3059320631

We also accept :   ATM transfer , online money  transfer 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

Enter Amount

form>

Call Help Desk Line :  08074466939,08063386834.

After Payment Send Your Payment Details To

08074466939 Or 08063386834,   The Project Title  You  Selected On Our Website , Amount Paid, Depositor Name, Your Email Address, Payment Date. You Will Receive Your Material In Less Than 1 Hour Once We Confirm Your Payment.

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.   

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE

You may also need:  web design company in Nigeria   

Bulk sms company in Nigeria

 

 

 

Abstract

This is a study on problems of retirement in the enugu state civil service: a case study of enugu state universal basic education board. This study is an attempt to help the enugu state civil service retiring employees to prepare for life after retirement. The work intends to help the retiring employees to set their priorities right and to easily define their lives after retirement. In order to avoid the high degree of penury some retirees live in after several years of service.this study really exposes the importance of retirement guidance and counselling, various issues a retiring employee must address while he/she is still in active service, what the employers should do in order to help the prospective retirees to as a death sentence.

 

List of table

Table 1:           there is poor administration of pension scheme.

Table 2:           there is no proper record keeping in the enugu state universal basic education board

Table 3:           there is delay in payment of retirement benefit plans.

Table 4:           planning ahead of retirement period reduces post retirement problems.

 

Table of contents

Chapter one

1.0 introduction –    –      –      –      –      –      1

1.1 background of the study   –      –      3

1.2   statement of the study    –      –      –      4

1.3   objective of the study      –      –      –      5

1.4   significance of the study –      –      7

1.5   hypothesis       –      –      –      –      –      –      8

1.6   scope of the study   –      –      –      –      9

1.7   definition of terms   –      –      –      –      9

 

Chapter two

2.0   introduction    –      –      –      –      –      11

2.1   retirement       –      –      –      –      –      –      12

2.2   types of retirement –      –      –      14

2.3   advantages and disadvantages

Of mandatory retirement –      –      –      17

2.4   flexible/voluntory retirement  –      20

2.5   forceful retiement    –      –      –      –      23

2.6   requirement for processing of retirement benefits  –      –        –      –      24

  • Retirement problem of employees in nigeria –      –      –        –      –      –      –      27
  • Solution to retirement problems in nigeria –      –      –        –      –      –      –      29
  • Summary of literature review –      31

 

 

Chapter three

  • Research methodology –      –      33
    • Brief outline of the study – –      –      33
    • Design of the study – –      –      –      34
    • Area of the study –      –      –      –      34
    • Population of the study –      –      –      34
    • Sample of the study – –      –      –      35
    • Instrument for data collection – 35
    • Validation of the instrument –      36
    • Distribution and retrival of the instrument –      –      –        –      –      –      36
    • Method of data analysis –      –      –      37

 

Chapter four

  • Data presentation –      –      –      –      38
    • Data analysis – –      –      –      –      38
    • Findings – –      –      –      –      –      42

Chapter five

  • Summary of findings –      –      –      44
    • Conclusions –      –      –      –      –      46
    • Recommendations –      –      –      –      47
    • Limitations of the study –      –      –      49
    • Suggestions for further study –      51

References              –      –      –      –      –      52

Appendix –      –      –      –      –      –      54

Questionnaire         –      –      –      –      –      55

 


 

Chapter one

1.0  introduction

members of working class are individuals who are deeply engaged in paid employment mainly in work place and    organizations not their own. These places could be in the private or public sectors of the economy. These workers are remunerated on fixed wages or salaries instead of on commission or profit basis. They open the better part of their active life working for the growth, development and expansion of their organization. For their contributions to the progress for these organizations they receive virtually nothing in return other than salaries and/or wages. Salaries and wages are prices paid for their training, qualifications, experiences, risk taking, productivity and their other x-efficiency contributions to the overall development of their areas of employment as well as other sectors combined. However, they are not appropriately compensated for their contributions and based on this, they cannot be able to invest in other business ventures that will yield profits to them for the rainy days during the post retirement period and so, they face a lot of problems.

retirement is an inevitable fact of life every employee must look forward to experience, it further confirms that whatever that has a beginning has an end. But due to unpreparedness and lack of adequate compensation on the part of the employers, there abound problems in the post retirement period and these made many retiring employees see retirement as the ultimate end of their careers and lives. It is phenomenal in nigeria that there are army of retired government workers and teachers who have not received their retirement benefits after five (5) years. These people are made to undergo excruciating processes of verification and revivification and in the end some of them die without even collecting any benefit.

 

  • Background of the study

the federal government in 1988 through decree n0.31 established national primary education board, and the state government through edict established the state primary education board and they manage the affairs of tutorial and non-tutorial staff of primary school by paying them salaries. These establishments were undergoing some reforms in their administration until 2004.

however, in 2004 there was another remarkable event and this was the establishment of uniform contributory pension scheme for both the public and private sectors throughout nigeria. Contributory pension scheme is in vogue now where government contribute seven and half percent (71/2%) of the employee’s basic salary on a monthly basis while employees shall contribute the same.

in this regard, the research work intends to x-ray the problems facing retirees, causes effects and possible solution to the problems of retirement in enugu state civil service.

 

  • Statement of the problem

there were many cases of frustration, economic hardship, stress meted to the retirees which in most times resulted to untimely deaths while in pursuit of their retirement benefits.  This constitutes a lot of problems in the management of their homes and the society at large. It therefore, becomes necessary to examine the problems which under assumptions might be responsible for these.

looking at the situation of this country one can broadly say that the management is inability to prepare the prospective retirees for retirement while in service have contributed immensely to both physical and emotional stress. Some people’s opinion hold that the problem should be tagged inaccurate data while some are of the view that it was as a result of non implementation of retirement benefits.

 

  • Objective of the study

the retirees in the civil service of enugu state especially in the universal basic education board have been denied of their rights due to inefficiency and unpreparedness on the part of the government. Some times they have been pushed to the walls and like youthful undergraduates, have been forced to take to the streets inspite of their age and frailty.

in the light of these problems, therefore, the objectives of this study are:

  1. To give an overview of the problems associated with the inefficient administration of pension schemes in the enugu state universal basic education board.
  2. To examine the major problems of the management inability to prepare the prospective retirees for retirement while in service.
  3. To investigate causes of inaccurate data in the enugu state universal basic education board.
  4. To suggest effective strategies for implementation of retirement benefit plan in the enugu state universal basic education board.

 

1.4 significance of the study

the retirees     in the civil service as well as the masses in general have got enough negative impact of the retirement problems and so this research will be of most significance in the following ways:

  • It sensitizes the state universal basic education board on the dimension of retirement benefit/ pension scheme administration.
  • It facilitates intervention programmes on preventing existence of inaccurate data in the enugu state universal basic education board.
  • It provides a practical solution to the problems of retirement benefit plan implementation as well as a reference to scholars in their various future researches towards minimizing or total eradication of all types of retirement problems.
  • It serves as a guide to the management in the preparation of prospective retirees for retirement while in service.

 

  • hypotheses

this study proposes to test the following hypotheses:

  1. Lack of administration of the pension scheme impedes productivity in the system.
  2. Inaccurate records constitute problem during retirement.
  3. Non implementation of retirement benefit plans discourages retirement of aged employee.

 

1.6 scope of the study

This research which focused on the problems of retirement in enugu state civil service is not purposed at studying all the facts about retirement rather it is focused on identifying the causes, effect, and remedy of the problems associated with retirement benefit.

 

1.7 definition of terms

Civil service: it is a branch of governmental service in which individuals are employed.

Pension: this is a periodic payment made by an employer to his retired employee until his death in consideration of past service rendered to the establishment.

Organization: social and economic entity in which different individuals perform a variety of functions in order to achieve common goal.

Worker: a worker is any person who has entered into or work under a contract with an employer.

Retirement: retirement is generally when somebody is not physically able to perform in the organization as a result of old age, industrial accidents or any other events that may immobilize the worker to continue his normal organizational labour service.

Employer: is any person who has entered to a contract of employment to employ another person as a worker either for himself, or the service of another person.

 

 

Continue reading The problem of retirement in enugu state civil service →

Business Administration Project Topics And Materials preview To Nigeria Students, Management project topics and materials preview, Public Administration Project Topics And Material preview

Public policy implementation in nigeria and economic development

Leave a comment

Public policy implementation in Nigeria and economic development

(a study of the national policy on population 1999-2007)

COMPLETE PROJECT  MATERIAL COST 3000 NAIRA

 

                                   ORDER NOW

MAKE YOUR PAYMENT  INTO ANY OF THE FOLLOWING BANKS:
 GTBANK
Account Name : Chi E-Concept Int’l
ACCOUNT NUMBER:  0115939447
First Bank:
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
Account Name: 3059320631

We also accept :   ATM transfer , online money  transfer 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

Enter Amount

form>

Call Help Desk Line :  08074466939,08063386834.

After Payment Send Your Payment Details To

08074466939 Or 08063386834,   The Project Title  You  Selected On Our Website , Amount Paid, Depositor Name, Your Email Address, Payment Date. You Will Receive Your Material In Less Than 1 Hour Once We Confirm Your Payment.

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.   

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE

You may also need:  web design company in Nigeria   

Bulk sms company in Nigeria

Abstract

A study of public policy under olusegun obasanjo administration, a study of national policy on population for sustainable south eastern nigeria. Data included a survey of 263 respondents aged between 20-60 years drawn from the national population commission enugu, doctors on esut teaching hospital parklane enugu, academic staff of university of nigeria, enugu campus, and honourable members of enugu state house of assembly. The study evaluate the effective implementation of the national policy on population for sustainable development particularly the conduct of year 2006. It was designed to measure how the conduct of census  2006 met item “19” of the objective of the population policy. Research findings indicated that the following factors were largely responsible for poor monitoring of the implementation of various aspects of the policy particularly the census 2006 project by relevant agencies, time constraints, logistics contrains and inadequacy of trained manpower. The study amongst others measures recommended that the various implementation agencies particularly the national council on population management (ncpm) and the national population  commission (npc) should take their statutory roles of monitoring seriously and provide guidance for overall policy implementation.

Table of Content

Chapter one

  • Introduction 1
    • Background of the study 1
    • Statement of the problem 6
    • Purpose of the study 8
    • Significance of the study 9
    • Research question 10
    • Scope of the study 11
    • Limitation of the study 12
    • Definition of term 13

Chapter two

Literature review

  • Introduction 15
    • Background information in the study area 16
    • Definition of policy and public policy 17
    • Aspect of policy 19
    • The national policy on population for sustainable development 23
    • Contemporary theories of policy formulation 45
    • Summary of literature review 60

Chapter three

  • Research design and methodology 62
    • Design of the study 62
    • Area of the study 63
    • Population of the study 64
    • Sample size/sampling techniques 65
    • Instrument for data collection 69
    • Reliability and validity of the instrument 69
    • Distribution and retrieval of the instrument 70
    • Method of data analysis 70

Chapter four

  • Data presentation and analysis 72
    • Presentation of findings 72
    • Discussion/analysis of findings 80

Chapter five

5.0    summary, conclusions and recommendations-     83

5.1    summary                                                              83

5.2    conclusion                                                            84

5.3    recommendations                                                85

appendix i                                                            91

Appendix ii                                                           92

questionnaire                                                       93

References                                                            97

 

Chapter one

  • Introduction

1.1   background of the study

Recording human numbers using statistical method is not a recent phenomenon. It is the method used for collection, analyzing and interpreting of numerial data relating to a certain area of investigation as well as for drawing valid conclusion in situations of uncertainty and variability.

The statistical knowledge for effective national planning equitable governance and planning for the future. It also serves as a basis for resource distribution such as rereme allocation, constituency representation, employment, the siting of industries and social amenities (hospitals, school, post office, road and police stations); and the allocation of legislative seats for each in federal and state house of assembly.

Due to these population recorded census in Nigeria has become politicalised, the political elites has come to understand the degree to which recording human numbers determined the population of government amenities distributed to them and their economic and political weight within their society.

These had come to manipulation and falsification of population census figures of groups or regions within the country. The political and economic development in Nigeria would have been much easier if reliable population data were available, because the absent of trustworthy or accurate population data directly affects the governments inability to ensure balanced political representation and equal access to important governmental resources.

In this paper, the research commended a biometric system approach to population census and identification is proposed to help stop the manipulation and falsification of population figure in Nigeria. This use of biometric technology for population census and identification will help Nigerian government to identify and have data records of its citizens which will enhance political and economic representation of each group and region in the country.

Public policy may be conceptualized as decision making at the federal government level. It may be perceived as a general rule or principle within an organization which is meant to guide future decisions or plans or actions. The national population policy which was enunciated by the federal military government in 1988, and subsequently reversed in 2004 was designed to guide the behaviour of nigerians in population matters. It is now nearby two decades since it came into being. It therefore become imperative for one to examine the extent this lefty policy has been fully implement.

the national policy on population to sustainable development covers a wide range of issues which included: population size, population growth rate, age structure, fertility, morbidity, population distribution, urbanization and migration, population projection and sources of population data.

given the important of up data population data-base as a critical tool for good planning and governance nigeria faces major challenges in developing a timely and high quality population data base. Major sources of population data in nigeria include censuses, surveys, vital statistics and administrative record for the purpose of this study, the research will focus on census 1991/2006 because census is an instrument for capturing the population and population characteristics of the entire country.

Population census is a project design to achieve item “19” amongst the objectives of the policy which state- improve the population, social, economic data based, promote and support population, and development research and help leadership groups recognize the important contribution that planning and data utilization make to the good governance of nigeria.

after the conduct of 1991 and 2006 censuses it was expected that government can plan affectively to combine the incidence of poverty since data on covering various aspects of the census had been make available. Rather the world bank after conducting its survey on human resources and poverty in 2006, reported that 43 percents of the population was living below the poverty line. This report has in gendered a critical question has accurate in our population data? Is it as all been made use of by government for planning and development purpose? Given the above scenario, this study seeks to evaluate that factor which undermined the effective implementation of 1991/2006 census, with a view to measure how it meets the “19” objective of the population policy.

 

1.2   statement of the problem

        an accurate and up to data population data base is a critical tool for good planning and good governance stated the population policy. To generate and develop a timely and high quality database nigeria conducted a census in 1991 and 2006 respectively. It is expected that data generated through the census would meet objective “19” of the population policy provided for an improvement on the population, social and economic database promote and support population and development research, and help leadership groups recognize the important contribution that planning and data utilization make to the good governance of Nigeria. The arm of the policy been to improve the quality of life and achieve sustainable development in Nigeria.

after nearly twenty years of implementing the population policies, through the conduct of 1991 and 2006 population census, the goal of the policy which is to improve the quality of lives and achieve sustainable development have proved elusive. The above situation was captured strongly by the world bank when it re-ported in 2006 that 43 percentage of the population was living below the poverty line. The findings raise questions concerning the implementation of the 1991/2006 census (es). In both census (es) were the enumeration areas covering the entire country thoroughly delineated was there a through enumeration of the entire country? For planning and development related matters did government make use of the figures published? Given the above questions thus study seeks to evaluate the factors which undermined the effective implementation of the census 1991/2006 projects.

the findings will enable us to assess the level the implementation of the census project met the goals of the population policy.

1.3   purpose of the study

the general purpose of the study is to assess public policy implementation and effect on economic development.

Other specific purposes of the study include;

  • To evaluate the extent to which the implementation of census 2006 met the provisions of “term 19” of the objectives of the population policy.
  • To investigate the area in which the conduct of year 2006 census contributed to national development.
  • To find out the way in which the 2006 census contributed to raising the standard of living and sustainable development of nigeria as enumeration in the national population policy for sustainable development.
  • To evaluate whether the implementation of the national population policy for sustainable

Development particularly the conduct of year 2006 census has been a success.

  • To evaluate the factors which undermined the effective implementation of the national development particularly the conduct of year 2006 census.

 

1.4   significance of the study

the study is significance in the light of the following

  1. To the general public, the study will reveal the extent to which the national population policy was a success.
  2. To the policy makers, it will reveal whether 1991 and 2006 census had contributed towards the improvement of data bases or provided by item “19” in the objective of the national policy.
  3. To the public administration, the study will indicate whether the population policy has achieved it objectives of promoting and supporting population and development research.
  4. The findings of the study will reveal the factors which impeded the effective, implementation of the 1991 and 2006.
  5. To the general public the study will demonstrate the land of the study, the execution of census 1991/2006 has achieve the policy’s goal of raising the standard of living and achieving sustainable development.

1.5       research question

To aid the present research effort, the following research questions are found pertinent.

  1. To what extent did the implementation of census 2006 met the provisions of item “19” of the objective of the population policy?
  2. In what ways has the conduct of 2006 census contributed to national development?
  3. In what ways have the conduct of year 2006 census contributed in raising the standard of living and sustainable development of nigerias as enumerated in the national policy for sustainable development?
  4. To what extent or how has the implementation of the national policy on population for sustainable development been a successes?
  5. What factors possibly undermined the effective implementation of the national policy on population for sustainable development particularly the conduct of year 2006 census?

1.6   scope/delimitation of the study

this research examines the factors which undermined the effective implementation of the 1991 and 2006 census, with a view to measure how the implementation met the “19” objective of the national population policy. Because the policy covers a wide range of issues, and the limitation of time the study is restricted to espect of the policy sources of population data (which is census) and objective “19” of the policy which states to improve the population, social and economic data-base, promote and support population and development research and help leadership groups recognize the important contribution make to the good governance of nigeria”.

1.7   limitations of the study

in a research project of this nature, it is always difficult to complete the work without going through a number of factors which constituted impediments source of the respondent were reluctant to air their views. This resulted in the researcher not being able to gather the entire questionnaires distributed.

we were constrained by time especially to move from one library to the other, typing the questionnaire and distributing them.

finance is another constraint. A lot of money was needed for transporting, typing etc. Despite these research did her best.

1.8   definition of term

To aid the present research effort, the following terms and acronyms are defied.

  1. Policy: a policy is perceived or a general rule or principle within an organization, which is meant to guide future decisions, plans or actions.
  2. Public policy: this is policy made at government level and it therefore affects the general public within the area of jurisdiction of the government or public institution formulating the policy.
  3. National policy on population for sustainable development. This is a policy document which prescribed the rules that will guide the future conduct of actions that related activities in the country.
  4. Ndhis: national demographic and health survey
  5. Aids: acquired immune deficiency syndrome
  6. Nfs: nigerian fertility survey
  7. Ptwg: population technical working groups
  8. Tfr: total fertility rate
  9. v.f: vesico – vaginal fistula
  10. Pag: population advising group
  11. Mics: multiple indicator cluster survey.

Continue reading Public policy implementation in nigeria and economic development →

BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION PROJECT TOPICS AND MATERIALS PREVIEW, Business Administration Project Topics And Materials preview To Nigeria Students, Management project topics and materials preview, Public Administration Project Topics And Material preview

MANAGEMENT TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT TECHNIQUES IN NIGERIA

Leave a comment

MANAGEMENT TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT TECHNIQUES IN NIGERIA (A CASE STUDY OF FEDERAL POLYTECHNIC, OKO)

 

COMPLETE PROJECT  MATERIAL COST 3000 NAIRA

 

                                   ORDER NOW

MAKE YOUR PAYMENT  INTO ANY OF THE FOLLOWING BANKS:
 
 GTBANK
Account Name : Chi E-Concept Int’l
ACCOUNT NUMBER:  0115939447
 
 
First Bank:
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
Account Name: 3059320631

We also accept :   ATM transfer , online money  transfer 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

Enter Amount

form>

Call Help Desk Line :  08074466939,08063386834.

After Payment Send Your Payment Details To

08074466939 Or 08063386834,   The Project Title  You  Selected On Our Website , Amount Paid, Depositor Name, Your Email Address, Payment Date. You Will Receive Your Material In Less Than 1 Hour Once We Confirm Your Payment.

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.   

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE

You may also need:  web design company in Nigeria   

Bulk sms company in Nigeria

 

 

 

ABSTRACT

MANAGEMENT TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT TECHNIQUES HAVE BEEN FOUND TO BE AN IMPORTANT ASPECT OF PERSONAL DEPARTMENT TODAY BECAUSE OF CHANGES IN BEHAVIOURS OF EMPLOYEE AND CHANGE IN OFFICE PROCEDURE WHICH REQUIRED ADDITIONAL TRAINING TO IMPROVE THE SKILL AND EFFICIENCY OF EMPLOYEE. WHEN EMPLOYEES ARE NEWLY EMPLOYED IN AN ORGANIZATION, AN ORIENTATION TRAINING IS GIVEN TO THEM. THESE PROGRAMMES ARE DESIGNED TO FAMILIES THE NEW EMPLOYEES WITH THEIR JOB ENVIRONMENT HENCE, THE NEED FOR TRAINING WILL FOREVER BE EMPHASIZED IN CARRYING OUT THIS STUDY, IT IS TO BE DIVIDED IN FIVE CHAPTERS. CHAPTER ONE DEALS WITH BACKGROUND OF STUDY, ITS STATEMENT OF PROBLEM, ITS SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY, PURPOSE OF STUDY AND SCOPE OF STUDY.

 

CHAPTER THREE DEALS WITH AREA OF STUDY, POPULATION SIZE AND SAMPLE SIZE, INSTRUMENT FOR DATA ANALYSIS, DATA COLLECTION. CHAPTER FOUR DEALS WITH THE DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS AND FINDING. CHAPTER FIVE DEALS WITH DISCUSSION, RECOMMENDATION, CONCLUSION, LIMITATION, SUGGESTION OF FURTHER STUDIES.

 

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENT

 

CHAPTER ONE

1.0   INTRODUCTION

1.1   Background of the study

1.2   Statement of the problems

1.3   Purpose of the study

1.4   Significance of the study

1.5   Research Questions

1.6   Scope of the study

1.7   Definition of terms

 

CHAPTER TWO

Literature Review

2.0   Introduction

2.1   Origin of management training and development techniques

2.2   Management training and development techniques

2.3   Management Training and Development in use in Federal Polytechnic Oko

  • Industrial Training for National Development
  • Defining Management Development
  • Summary of Literature Review

 

CHAPTER THREE

3.0   Research Methodology

  • Brief Outline of the Study
  • Design of the Study
  • Area of the Study
  • Population of the Study
  • Sample of the Study
  • Instrument for Data Collection
  • Validation of the Instrument
  • Distribution and Retrieval of the Instrument
  • Method of Data Analysis.

 

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0   Data Presentation

4.1   Data Analysis

4.2   Findings

CHAPTER FIVE

  • Summary of Findings
    • Conclusion
    • Recommendations
    • Limitations of the Study
    • Suggestion for Further Study

References

Appendices

Questionnaire

 

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.0  BACKGROUND OF STUDY

       The term “Management training and development technique” refer to the needs for staff development and training in an organization. It is when individuals in the organization grow that the organization itself grow through such steps taken by themselves to improve their knowledge and skills.

Also after the employee has been selected the next step naturally is his training. All types of office jobs, even the simple ones that is dispatch of letters, handling of telephone, etc e some training for their efficient performance. Even old employee needs some training at various stages of their carrier. The basic purpose for training is to direct and guide the terming of employee so that they may perform their duties as efficiently as possible. The importance of urgency of training arises because of rapid changes of technological milen of industries, the growth and simplicities of present day enterprises, the rising in educational levels, new educational processes and change in socio system and cultural patterns.

 

Training therefore refers to all the processes that lead to the development of the personnel in an organization so that they assure a higher order of assessment training, it is also the act of increasing the knowledge and skills of an employee for doing a particular job. In addition, training and development are the necessary prerequisite for an organizational development in this area such as induction training, in house training day release of courses, specific training of technical nature e.g a sight at work on a bottling line and general training given to a worker in an industry.

 

Method of Training

The various methods of training includes:

INDUCTION TRAINING: This is known as orientation training. Even new employee at any level should undergo an induction programme which should include information on the organization, its structure products or services, policies, information about suggestion schemes etc. The induction training should be arranged at intervals over a period of perhaps three to six months with the most important topics being covered in the early stage.

JOB TRAINING: This consists of a combination of skills and knowledge needed to perform the duties of the job to the required standard. A carefully integrated programme consisting of on the job and off the job training is often the best approach.

ON-THE JOB TRAINING: This refers to the training of an employee in the job he is doing or his to do, it is considered in his own job and place where he works.

Training on the job may be imparted by a skilled and experience workers or by a supervisor or even by a special instruction. There are various type of on the job training and these include the following:

  1. Understudy system by which a trainee is taught by the man on job.
  2. Filling – squared method; which aims at providing experience in all the departments.
  • Job rotate – by which the trainee is periodically shifting from one job to another so that he may acquire a general background.

OFF THE JOB TRAINING: With a simple office job, on the training can be provided to office workers. But when jobs are complicated and call for addition to on the job training, some technical knowledge and experience the employee may be asked to undertake off-the-job training and these may include

  1. Vestable Training; in which workers are trained in specific job in a special parts of the organization where the actual looking requirement is created.
  2. Conference Methods: This method is group centered approach by which the leaders guide the discussion. It is used to pool ideas and information amongst employees.
  3. Case Method: Under which trainees are placed possession of facts and are asked to draw conclusions from them, in this way, the develop and improve power of reasoning and analysis.

 

JUNIOR STAFF

Junior staff should be regarded as the raw material of future supervisors or managers and should be given commensurate attention. Junior staff should be taught how to do things e.g how to check a voucher and then left to their devices. They should be encourage to extend their leanings in order to improve in their skills.

 

SUPERVISORY TRAINING

A supervisor is the one that oversees the work of others. He is in the middle management cadra. He is responsible for employee toward better performance. A supervisors training is important because he motivates the employees towards better performance of work until recently office supervisor where left to acquire these skills by experience but it can be a long process and is made much easier by proper training.

 

 

 

MANAGEMENT TRAINING

Practical training for management often consists of a definite policy where by clerks are regularly transferred from one department to another so that a bread experience is obtain of all sides of the organization. This is an excellent plan since it is accepted by the workers and is definitely linked with a promotion policy.

Most office mangers take their places in specialized positions such as company secretaries, accountants, sales mangers, personnel managers and so on, for each of these and for other special vocation, there are various professional qualifications together with study for one of these qualifications. Training for management can be divided into three main groups.

  1. Management courses leading to diploma in management studies conducted at collages, regional management centres, business schools and universities.
  2. Short residential courses
  3. In–house management development programme, advantages should be taken of the following.
  4. Institutes providing management training such as Nigeria institute of management (NIM) the administrative staff college of Nigeria (ASCON) centre for management development (CND) and research institute.
  5. Seminars and workshops are part of the job training.

 

 

1.1  STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The problem encountered in management training and development techniques are as followed:

Many a times, in respect to industrial training, huge amount of money is invested for the training but as soon as a worker is trained there is likely to be a highly trained staff who is occupationally more mobile.

Industrial training fund was created by the decree NP. 47 of 1971 to help in training of personnel which is an arm of the federal ministry of industries which is made mandatory for firms to invest in training hatter engaged in business of bushing.

It is also true that during economic depression, workers are retrenched all in the name of declining productivity.

Inadequate supply of rural materials and spare parts will lessen demand for another kind of skill. The training of workers on specific skills than general training is that, it is often very difficult to retain workers with specific skill, the result is redundance in the period of recession, worker on junior cadre who gain admission to a higher institution are often advised to resign rather than take in service leave with or without salary. Another problem is that guide often, the most promotable junior staff may be in training and may not have advanced enough to take over when the new opening occurs.

Therefore, a policy of promoting from within should be modified by the words “whenever feasible”.

Promotion from within, where serving managers are given benefits on advantages as an opening occurs. These policies has come, limitations sometimes employees may question a promotion a promotion feeling that the right person has not been selected to fill a position, the promotion may be questionable and create more problems of moral which the policy is aimed at solving, unless there is a convincing proof that one of the three employee has cheers edge over. Others to get the promotion, the company will be advised to recruit a manager from outside.

 

  • PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

The project study was promoted by the researchers desire to determine and ascertain.

  1. The training method and techniques to be adopted to improve the moral of employees and productivity.
  2. The effects of training and development of skills on employee in Nigeria.
  3. If training of workers on specific skills rather than general training will make it difficult to retain employee with specific skills during an economic depression in Nigeria.
  4. To ascertain whether training and development of skills lead to fresh view points and ideals on business activities in Nigeria.

 

1.3  SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

Training is the organized procedure by which people acquire knowledge and skills for a definite purpose. The aim of training is to achieve a change in the behaviour of those trained. The importance of training therefore includes;

  1. It helps the trained person to be more effective and efficient in his job
  2. It reduce learning time, the trained employee can be easily apply what he learned from training to real job situation.
  • It helps to reduce waste by minimizing mistake.
  1. The employee who acquire new knowledge and skill can easily secure more lucrative jobs between working conditions.
  2. It reduces turnover rate, absentism, accident and grievance rate. There is every tendency that if an employee is well trained for a particular job, he may develop special interest for the job and as well always like to go to work.

In the aspect of questionnaire distribution and collection, the researcher faces a lot of financial problem designing a good questionnaire. Some times it is very difficult to meet the people who will give him the required information in their office, the case is the same when he wants to collect the questionnaire so distributed. This posses a limitation to the research study.

 

1.4  RESEARCH QUESTIONS

  1. What management training and development techniques are more appropriate or less expensive for Federal Polytechnic, Oko.
  2. What approach and techniques is management of Federal Polytechnic, Oko, adopting in their training and development of staff?
  3. Does staff training and development yield to organizational effectiveness.
  4. Does training and development end of coaxing or persuades staff to do what the management wants?
  5. Does training and development improve the staff and management of Federal Polytechnic, Oko.

 

1.5  SCOPE OF THE STUDY

       The research work was conducted and specifically carried out in federal Polytechnic, Oko in Orumba North L.G.A Anambra State.

The aim of this scope is intended to measure the level in Federal Polytechnic, Oko in Orumba North L.G.A.

 

1.6  DEFINITION OF TERMS

The concept training has been seen as part of human development which is a process of enlarging peoples choice. In principle this choice can be change overtime or infinity, at all level of human development we have three essential facet, the first is for long life (health), to acquire knowledge through training and the last one is to have access to resources for expansion.

The concept development implies improvement, developing competence such as technical, human, conceptual and managerial, for the growth of the organization.

The concept management consist of activities undertaken by one or more persons to co-ordinate the activities of other persons to achieve results not achievable by one person acting alone.

The concept management training and development is an important approach incorporated into organization with the aim to improve the staff effectiveness, increase productivity and lessing cost of production, it continue process in the organizational effectiveness. Organizational effectiveness is the degree in which an organization produce it intend output. Daft in (1983) view organizational effectiveness as the degree to which an organization realized it goal, he went further to say that organization pursue multiple goal and such goal must be ascertain in the face of competition and with the limited resources.

Techniques for management training and development.

The techniques for development are:

  1. Understudy: This is good succession planning, which allows for smooth transition of work when one officer leaves a schedule or organization.
  2. Job Rotating: This is necessary for all workers to move from one schedule to another within the same organization to allow for competence on all sphere of work.
  • Self development/self assessment: Self development means a personal desire to improve through an individual attempt to embark on study and practical experience. Self assessment is a personal identification of strengths, opportunities, weakness and challenges and an attempt to improve and build on current efforts for a more fulfilling corporate movement.

 

MANAGEMENT TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT TECHNIQUES

 

 

Continue reading MANAGEMENT TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT TECHNIQUES IN NIGERIA →

BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION PROJECT TOPICS AND MATERIALS PREVIEW, Business Administration Project Topics And Materials preview To Nigeria Students, Management project topics and materials preview, Public Administration Project Topics And Material preview

MANPOWER DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTIVITY IN TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS IN NIGERIA

Leave a comment

MANPOWER DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTIVITY IN TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS IN NIGERIA (A CASE STUDY OF FEDERAL POLYTECHNIC, OKO.

 

 

COMPLETE PROJECT  MATERIAL COST 3000 NAIRA

 

                                   ORDER NOW

MAKE YOUR PAYMENT  INTO ANY OF THE FOLLOWING BANKS:
 
 GTBANK
Account Name : Chi E-Concept Int’l
ACCOUNT NUMBER:  0115939447
 
 
First Bank:
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
Account Name: 3059320631

We also accept :   ATM transfer , online money  transfer 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

Enter Amount

form>

Call Help Desk Line :  08074466939,08063386834.

After Payment Send Your Payment Details To

08074466939 Or 08063386834,   The Project Title  You  Selected On Our Website , Amount Paid, Depositor Name, Your Email Address, Payment Date. You Will Receive Your Material In Less Than 1 Hour Once We Confirm Your Payment.

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.   

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE

You may also need:  web design company in Nigeria   

Bulk sms company in Nigeria

 

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENT

 

CHAPTER ONE

1.0   INTRODUCTION                                               1

1.1   Background of the study                                  3

1.2   Statement of the problems                               5

1.3   Purpose of the study                                                5

1.4   Significance of the study                                  6

1.5   Research Questions                                         7

1.6   Scope of the study                                           8

1.7   Definition of terms                                           8

CHAPTER TWO

Literature Review                                             10

2.0   Introduction                                                     10

2.1   The concept and definition of manpower

development                                                    12

2.2   Objectives of manpower development              15

2.3   Usefulness of manpower development             21

  • Types of manpower development 22
  • Summary of literature review 23

 

CHAPTER THREE

3.0   Methodology                                                    24

  • Brief Outline of the Study 24
  • Design of the Study 25
  • Area of the Study 25
  • The Population of the Study 26
  • Sample size 26
  • Instrument for Data Collection 28
  • Validation of the Instrument 29
  • Distribution and Retrieval of the Instrument 29
  • Method of Data Analysis. 30

 

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0   Data Presentation and Analysis                               31

 

CHAPTER FIVE

5.1   Summary of Findings                                      38

5.2   Conclusion                                                      40

5.3   Recommendations                                           41

5.4   Limitations of the Study                                  46

  • Suggestion for Further Study 47

Appendix                                                                 48

Questionnaire                                                  49

References                                                       51

 

 

ABSTRACT

One of topical issues of discussion these day in most organization is manpower development and its retention to increased productivity. This project is geared towards studying manpower development and productivity in tertiary institutions using the federal polytechnic oko as a case study. The research exhaustively explained the concept of manpower development and it’s application to any organization. However in the course of this study, it was discovered that one of the major reasons on low performance on the part of many employees in the higher institutions is that most of them in key areas have not been well equipped with proper skills or knowledge to enable them effectively handle the responsibility assigned to them.

 

Also discovered as hindering to increased productivity is the inability of the institution to retain the staff already equipped with specialized skills, therefore, this research report stands to recommend ways through which manpower development and its eventual productivity should be given serious attention they deserve. The literature review and the theoretical framework provided in this study only served as an ideal against which the overall manpower development effort and all other process that go with it in any organization and federal polytechnic oko, to be specific can be assessed. Information and other materials therein were obtained directly through documentary source, personal interview and questionnaires for originality for adequacy, which formed the based for the findings and recommendations therein.

 

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

1.0  INTRODUCTION

       No organization has ever succeeded without human effort, in fact, human effort is undoubtedly the sine-qua-non for the extent to which the set goals of this organization are realized or not realized. This is simple because every other resource that contributes the organizational goal attainment are initiated and determined by the person who make up the organization.

Onah (1995), quoting Oguyi emphasize the importance of manpower in nation building. He says that:

No nation in the world can carry out any of its development, programme without adequate and competent manpower. The vital role of manpower comes into focus both in time of peace and when nation is at war. Qualified manpower is not only the critical but a measure of nation strength, security and well being.

The human resources of a nation hold the key to its survival, prosperity and future economic and social development.

The realization of the above fact explains the pre-occupational of every management with some personnel functions, recruitment, employer/labour relation, welfare, reward and punishment of the workforce to enhance productivity. However, manpower development and its eventual management do not seem to have received the attention they deserve. Thus the genesis of the problem of low productivity may well lay with the manpower development strategies of the organization and also eventual inadequacy. How a the management of Federal Polytechnic Oko has carried out these aspect of personnel functions to facilitate the day to day running of the school is the focus of this work.

 

 

1.1  BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The school was established in 1981 through the collective effort of the community as a self-help project. It is located in Orumba North Local Government Area of Anambra State. Under the regime of Dr. Alex Ekwueme who was the former civilian vice president of the Federal Republic of Nigeria. The institution was formally known as college of Arts and Science in 1979.

Thereafter, it was upgrade to college of Arts, Science and Technology in June 28th; 1980. The college was formally formalized as Anambra State Polytechnic Oko (ANAMPOLY). It is today known as Federal Polytechnic, Oko.

There was low level of productivity and development in the institution then, but today with the effort of Prof. Godwin Onu, the Rector Federal Polytechnic Oko there are a lot of changes and rapid development in the institution.

 

 

 

1.2  STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMS

Manpower Development and productivity in Federal Polytechnic, Oko has been very poor due to the reasons of administrative inefficiencies like

  1. Financial in adequacy for staff training and development.
  2. Lack of conducive classroom for students.

 

1.3  PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

The research was undertaken to study manpower development and productivity using the Federal Polytechnic Oko as a case study to achieve the following.

  1. To find out the extent to which the institution promotes manpower development.
  2. To find out the relationship between training and productivity in the institution.
  • To discover the effect of staff training development on career expectation and job mobility.

 

1.4  SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

       This study is significant in three ways; it serves are fulfillment of the requirement for the award of Higher National Diploma (HND) in public administration.

It will contribute to the body of knowledge on the topic academically.

The findings and recommendation in the work can be valuable as a guide in formulating manpower development and productivity policies for Polytechnics institution in the country.

 

1.5  RESEARCH QUESTION

1)     Do the staff of Federal Polytechnic Oko go for training from time to time?

2)     What do you consider to be the major problem facing Federal Polytechnic Oko?

3)     Can training programme improves the performance of Federal Polytechnic Oko?

4)     What is the attitude of the management towards training and development of staff of Federal Polytechnic Oko?

5)     Are staff of Federal Polytechnic Oko return from training effectively utilized?

  • SCOPE OF THE STUDY

This study is confined to only manpower development and productivity in the Federal Polytechnic Oko.

 

1.7  DEFINITION OF TERMS

       This research work may not be undertaken successfully without attempt to define key concepts as they are used in this study for proper conceptualization.

CIVIL SERVICE –  According to Ugbo (2008), she says, civil service is that component of the large public services which is centrally placed to provide guidance, advice, general supervision and co-ordination of government operations- both at the state and federal levels.

PUBLIC SERVICE: Public service is different from civil service embraces the civil service and other parastatals, commission and agencies of government services to the public.

TRAINING: It is a process by which employees systematically acquire basic skills, knowledge and attitude for efficient performance of their duties. Training enables employees to unlearn undesirable job behavior and to learn or relearn acceptable job behavior, normal and practices for through job performance. Training seeks relatively performance change in the individual that will improve his or her ability to perform on the job.

 

 

 

Continue reading MANPOWER DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTIVITY IN TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS IN NIGERIA →

Business Administration Project Topics And Materials preview To Nigeria Students, Management project topics and materials preview, Public Administration Project Topics And Material preview

Problems of effective service delivery in government owned establishment

Leave a comment

Problems of effective service delivery in government owned establishment

(case study of anambra broadcasting service abs awka)

COMPLETE PROJECT  MATERIAL COST 3000 NAIRA

 

                                   ORDER NOW

MAKE YOUR PAYMENT  INTO ANY OF THE FOLLOWING BANKS:
 GTBANK
Account Name : Chi E-Concept Int’l
ACCOUNT NUMBER:  0115939447
First Bank:
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
Account Name: 3059320631

We also accept :   ATM transfer , online money  transfer 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

Enter Amount

form>

Call Help Desk Line :  08074466939,08063386834.

After Payment Send Your Payment Details To

08074466939 Or 08063386834,   The Project Title  You  Selected On Our Website , Amount Paid, Depositor Name, Your Email Address, Payment Date. You Will Receive Your Material In Less Than 1 Hour Once We Confirm Your Payment.

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.   

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE

You may also need:  web design company in Nigeria   

Bulk sms company in Nigeria

Table of Contents

Chapter one

1.0   introduction                                                1

1.1   background of the study                             2

1.2   statement of the problem                            4

1.3   purpose of the study                                    5

1.4   significance of the study                              6

1.5   research questions                                      7

1.6   scope of the study                                       8

1.7   definition of terms                                       9

Chapter two

Literature review

  • Brief introduction 11

2.1   the concept and definition of effective management                                                12

2.2   the concept of government owned establishment                                             16

2.3   compared public and private owned establishment                                          20

2.4    reasons for poor service delivery in government owned establishment                                 23

2.5   ways of ensuring effective service delivery in government owned establishment                   27

2.6   the roles of (abs) anambra broadcasting service awka to the nation development    34

2.7   summary of related literature                      36

 

Chapter three

3.0   research methodology                                  37

  • Brief outline of the study 37
  • Design of the study 38
  • Area of the study 39
  • Population of the study 39
  • Sample size 39
  • Instruments for data collection 40
  • Validation of the instrument 41
  • Distribution and retrieval of the instrument 41
  • Method of data analysis 42

 

Chapter four

4.0   data presentation and analysis of data               43

4.1   introduction                                                43

4.1   discussion of the findings                            49

 

Chapter five

5.0   summary recommendations and conclusion         52

5.1   summary of findings                                   52

5.2   conclusion                                                   54

5.3   recommendations                                        56

5.4   limitations of the study                               58

5.5   suggestions for further studies                    59

References                                                   60

Appendix                                                     63

Questionnaires                                            64

 

Abstract

This work has the primary objective of studying the various problems of effective service delivery in government owned establishment a case study of anambra broadcasting service (abs). The sample selected for the study was one hunded and thirty-five (135) out of the total population of four hundred (400) which comprises both the junior and senior staff of the establishment. Data for this study were gathered by means of questionnaires which were distributed to the respondent and collected by the researcher himself. One hundred and thirty-five (135) questionnaires were distributed to the staff of abs but only one hundred and twenty five were retrieved at the end.  The researcher found the use of percentage as the most appropriate method of analyzing the data collected. Findings revealed that inadequate fund, absolute equipment and managerial inefficiency are some of the problems facing abs awka.  Based on the findings, the researcher therefore made the following recommendations: provision of adequate fund, sound equipment adequate working materials to the establishment to help solve the problems often encountered in the establishment. The researcher then concludes that provision of adequate fund and sound equipment will help the establishment to achieve their objectives.

 

Chapter one

1.0   introduction

This work is based on problems of effective service delivery in government owned establishment with particular reference to anambra broadcasting service (abs) awka.

Effective service delivery is a pre-requisite for the growth and survival of any government owned establishment. It is pertinent to know that ineffective service delivery in any government owned establishment hamper the achievement of its target objectives and growth.

management in many establishment especially government owned is faced with numerous problems which in turn affects the effective service delivery of such an establishment. It is therefore in the light of the forgoing that aroused my interest to embark on this research study with a view to finding out the causes, effects and suggest solutions to the problems of effective service delivery in government owned establishment with particular reference to anambra broadcasting service abs awka.

  • Background of the study

Broadcasting cooperation has come a long way. This organisat6ion has been in existence even before the independence.  During the time of colonial masters, dr. Nnamdi azikiwe returned to nigeria from gold- cost, now ghana and he then founded the west african pilot, which he edited.  This mass media helps to criticize the evils of colonialism and highlighted the necessity of granting independence to nigeria. A day to independence, the eastern nigeria broadcasting cooperation tv (enbc/tv) was established. Broadcasting co-operation in general performs the same type of work in their respective organizations.  The ways by which these cooperation’s especially government owned ones can be made to perform their broadcasting function better than they are at present is the issue at stake.

however, visit to any of the Nigeria organization will convince one of the clear lack of managerial know-how in such establishment.  Indiscipline, authoritative leadership reign supreme so much that the situation gets worst as one get to the level of the organizational policy is tends to act as a deterrent rather than facilitators of decision-making. It is on this note therefore that this research work became possible solutions to the problems associated with the effective service delivery in government owned establishment in which anambra broadcasting service (abs) awka was selected as a case study.

1.2   statement of the problem.

the problem of effective service delivery in government owned establishment has constituted a stumbling block towards the growth and efficiency in most of these organizations. Management is a field that encompasses a lot of managerial activities aimed at efficient utilization of man, material and money with a view to achieving the desired goal.

The anambra broadcasting service has been facing a lot of problems, which includes: –

  • Paucity of fund.
  • Shortage of qualified man-power
  • Insufficient or inadequate equipment.
  • Misuse or mismanagement of organization facilities in as much as there are no perfect organizations, it is still possible to improve on these effective service delivery so that the organization will be able to achieve its objectives.

 

1.3   purpose of the study

the purpose of this study is to find out the causes and effects of ineffective service delivery in government owned establishment with particular reference to anambra broadcasting service (abs) awka.  It is not only to know the problems and its effects on the service delivered by government owned establishment but was equally aimed at proffering solutions to such problems and as well make recommendation for further studies.

1.4   significance of the study.

It is a fact that no organization no matter the adequacy of infrastructure, appropriateness of the environment-economic, social, psychological and political dimension etc that can operate successfully and meet the fundamental objectives without an efficient and effective disciplined and motivated manpower. This is because it is the workers that identify, articulate and propose to the government the necessary things required in making the organization effective.

this study will significantly enable different organization know the best media to apply for advertisement of vacancies and method of selection and placement of staff for efficient and effective utilization of economic and human resources.  It will help to improve the relationship between senior and junior staff and their customers.

furthermore, if management of government owned establishment is effective, it will enhance better corporate image, which will be of good advantage to the establishment.

finally, students will benefit from this study, as it will serve as a source of information to them. And the management of anambra broadcasting service will find the research work useful.

  • Research question.
  1. To what extent has this organization go for training from time to time?
  2. What type of service does your establishment render mostly?
  • How would you describe the relationship between government and the management of this organization where problems of effective delivery occur?
  1. What do you think should be done to solve these problems of effective delivery in abs awka?

1.6   scope of study

This research work is restricted to anambra broadcasting service (abs) awka on the problem of effective service delivery in government owned establishment.  Its aim was to administer questionnaire to the workers, carry out investigation and conduct some interview to the workers to as to know the problems associated with proper functioning of government owned establishments.

  • Definition of terms.

Effectiveness: this has to do with the extent to which a manager achieves the output required of his position.

Management:  this is the process, which enable organization to achieve their objectives by planning and organizing the commitment of their employees.

Organization: the process of grouping activities, delineating line of authority and responsibility, establishing another relationship to carryout the operation of the business efficiently.

Organizational chart: a diagrammatically representations of the formal relationship among departments and others existing in a particular organization.

Objective:       the aim or goal of a business

Decision–making: the activity of choosing between alternatives.

Analysis:        process of breaking down information into smaller identification units.

Planning:        the function of management which has to do with deciding in advance what to do how to do it when to do it, who to do it and how result can be evaluated.

Continue reading Problems of effective service delivery in government owned establishment →