CRITICAL ASSESSMENT OF NATIONAL YOUTHS SERVICE CORPS TOWARDS ENHANCING NATIONAL INTEGRATION (A CASE

STUDY OF ANAMBRA STATE)

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ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to reveal the critical assessment of national youths service corps in Nigeria. The instrument used were questionnaire, the questionnaire was used to answer the research questions made up of four items population for this study were made up of 120 (one hundred and twenty) people comprising the nysc staff and staff of student affairs in federal polytechnic, oko. The instrument used were supervisor and corrected by the supervised before the final copy was made. The data collection was analysed in simple percentage in chapter four (4) based on the analysis. Major findings were indicated and conclusion drawn. Based on the findings, the researcher finally made her recommendations. That supervisor should be appointed to supervise the corps members during their service year. Also, that proper orientation should be given to them so that the aim of achieving national integration will be ensured categorically from the scheme.

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION                                                     1

1.1   Background of the study                                4

1.2   Statement of the problem                              7

1.3   Purpose of the study                                       9

1.4   Significance of the study                                10

1.5   Research questions                                                12

1.6   Scope of the study                                          13

1.7   Definition of Terms                                         13

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW                                            16

• Introduction 16

2.1   Meaning of NYSC                                            17

2.2   Origin of NYSC in Nigeria                               18

2.3   NYSC as a means of practical on the job training and orientation                                       19

2.4   NYSC as a means of proving indigenous manpower needed                                         22

2.5   NYSC and graduates experiment in national integration                                                        24

2.6   Important of NYSC                                         26

2.7   Summary of Related Literature                     27

CHAPTER THREE

METHODOLOGY                                                     37

• Brief outline of the study 38
• Design of the study 38
• Area of the study 39
• Population of the study 39
• Sample of the study 40
• Instruments for data collection 41
• Validation of instrument 42
• Distribution and retrieval of the instrument 43
• Method of data analysis 43

 

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0   Data presentation and analysis                     45

CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSION

Findings                                                                  53

Summary of findings                                              54

Recommendation                                                    54

Conclusion                                                              57

Limitations of the study                                         58

Suggestions for further studies                              59

Questionnaires                                                       61

Appendix                                                                 65

References                                                              66

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

Experience, training or Orientation is the power and test of every work done or to be done in human history. The National Youth Service Corps (NYSC) is the only means through which graduates can obtain the best training, orientation of up-bringing of the theoretical context of what they study and equally the challenges to face as an independent entity.

According to Oxford advance learners Dictionary 7^th Edition it defines Orientation as training or information that is given before starting a new job, course etc. National Youth Service Corps (NYSC) has it’s emphasis on the idea of orientation and National Integration of graduates of various higher Institutions. With these orientation and Integration, graduate from all tribe, race and ethnic diversities are show how life should be after school and how perform job with the trainer’s supervision. Oxford advance learners Dictionary, Special Price Edition Saw Integration as act or process of mixing people who have previously been separated, usually because of colour, race, religion etc. Therefore National Youth Service Corps is a type of training and integration designed to expose and prepare graduates of higher institutions for this purpose, ie what they are likely to meet after graduation. The scheme or programme affords the opportunity of being familiarized and exposed to various culture, tradition and interaction and equally the experiences needed.

This study however is not aimed at looking at what is training is all about or the meaning of NYSC rather it is to critically assess the National Youth Service Corps towards enhancing National Integration, using Anambra State in Nigeria as a case study. The case study is a state in South East Nigeria which was created to promote integration of people from various race to enhance National Development. These graduates which are integrated and oriented will become managers of human resource and administrators of various ministries in the state and Nigerian at large.

1.1  BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

This research work is being conducted to find out or make a critical assessment of NYSC in Nigeria and in Anambra in particular. What NYSC has done or would do for the Nigeria graduates. The National Youth Service Corps is a programme designed to inculcate discipline to the Youths by instilling in them a tradition of industry and dedication and of patriotic and loyal service to the Nation in any situation in which they may find themselves.

Secondly the raising of the moral tone of the youths by giving them the opportunity to learn about higher ideals of National achievement and social and cultural improvement. Thirdly the development of attitudes of mind and acquired suitable training, which will make them more amenable to mobilization in the national interest. A also the central focus of this scheme includes the development of common ties among the youths and the promotion of national unity by ensuring that the participants in the scheme are assigned to states other than their states of origin, or residence, that each group assigned to work together, is as representative of the country as possible.

The participant the equally exposed to the mode of living of people in different parts of the country with a view to removing pre-judices, eliminating ignorance, and confirming at first hand the many similarities among Nigerian’s of all ethnic groups, the encouragement of the participants in the scheme to seek, at the end of their NYSC service, career employment all over the country thus promoting the free movement of high level manpower in the nation, and finally to induce employers to employ more readily than ever before qualified Nigeria’s irrespective of their state of origin.

Anambra State which is one of the five South East State was created in 1991 under the military regime of General Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida to further enhance Development through manpower procurement, basic infrastructural facilities and other basic necessary amenity Anambra has first creation in and second creation in the year 1991 with their capital at Awka. The orientation camp of NYSC in Anambra is located in Umuanya in Oyi Local Government has ruled Anambra Since it’s creation. Presently the seat is chaired by Peter Obi of all progressive grand Alliance “APGA” for second term.

1.2  STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

It has been observed that some graduates have some misconception about this programme as provided by federal government. Some graduates for example equate the programme with holidays jobs or as three weeks picnic. Hence, the aims and the commitment is lacking and so the skills and experience to be gained may at the end not be acquired. Infact many of the graduates regards the camp allowances and monthly “Alawie” stipends as vital.

Again, there is reluctance among large numbers of employers to accepts and provide facilities necessary for meaningful service year. Their fear is that must of these graduates are inexperienced to hand certain delicate machines and tools without damaging them during their primary assignment, a situation in which student are not allowed to use certain equipments does not provide the desired motive needed to prepare them for the task ahead.

Also, some of these graduates are not supervised during their primary assignment at all and are not fully secured and protected, as most of them are deployed to a poor locality. All these are challenges which the scheme should addressed.

1.3  PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

The purpose of the study is to assess critically on the extent of usefulness of National Youth Service Corps. In order to do this, the research work will aim at the following.

1. To find out whether the graduate participating in NYSC receive full orientation and training.
2. To find out whether the graduates participating in NYSC gain insight into and about national integration.
3. To determine whether NYSC helps to generate pool of indigenous trained manpower to meet the needs of the country’s economy.
4. To investigate whether NYSC has put in adequate machineries to secure and protects the participating graduates.
5. To determine whether the NYSC helps in securing and protecting the participating graduates in their various places of primary assignment.

1.4  SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

From the purpose of the study, it was assured that the scheme is completely different from SIWES, or ordinary long vacation employment of the under-graduate, it is a preparatory programme NYSC as at the time of it’s inception was limited to graduates of various institutions of higher in Nigeria. The scheme has succeeded in establishing a closer collaboration between institutions and industries, which is essential for preparing and integrating people ahead of their ethnic and cultural diversity. Heads of institutions of higher learning in the country have now realized the use fullness and invaluable contribution of NYSC in training graduates as a means of improving the quality of skilled manpower in Nigeria. A standard which the limited resources in the institution cannot provide.

1.5  RESEARCH QUESTIONS

In the process of carrying out this research work, the following research questions were used to guide the researcher. The study will attempt to answer to the following questions.

1. Do graduates who participates in NYSC receive adequate training and orientation?
2. Is NYSC helping in enhancing national integration and unity?
3. What machinery has NYSC put in place in generating a pool of indigenous trained manpower needed by the country?
4. Do the participation graduates receive adequate protection during this programme?

1.6  SCOPE OF THE STUDY

In as much as the study is specifically on the critical assessment of National Youth Service Corps towards enhancing National integration, based on this, there is need to carry out a comparative research with a particular state in Nigeria.

This study is limited to Anambra State which is one of the five South East state in Nigeria.  The reason behind this restriction is that the researcher is a student facing both time and financial constraints.

1.7  DEFINITION OF TERMS

For the purpose of this, some technical and other terms had been used in the research work which may sound ambiguous. For simplicity, terms that may be new or strange to the readers are explained as they are meant to be under stood by the researcher.

Assessment:

NYSC: National Youth Service Corps, a programme designed for training and orientation of graduates against life challenges and for national integration.

Researcher: Used to mean the person who carried out the research work.

Training: A process that involves the acquisition of skills, concepts, rules or attitudes in order to improve present and future performance.

Performance: The ability to carry out duties and responsibilities demanded of their position.

Ethnic Group: Sharing a common origin, culture or language.

Integration: Commune (parts) into a whole bring or come into full membership of a community.

Mobilization: Assemble (troops etc) for active services.

Pre-Prejudices: Before the administration of justices.

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USE OF MANPOWER AUDIT FOR EFFICIENT MAN POWER PLANNING

(A CASE STUDY OF ENUGU STATE BROADCASTING SERVICE)

 

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ABSTRACT

 

The purpose of this research is to investigate on the use of manpower audit for efficient manpower planning in Enugu State Broadcasting Service.

In carrying out the research, the researcher used such instrument as questionnaires, interviews and published work to obtain all the relevant data required in the study.

A system of random sampling was used to select the respondent after determining the sampling size.  The primary and secondary data types were used.

The research findings shows that lack of manpower audit is a serious threat to many organisations.

Hypothesis were formulated and chi-square was used, after a careful analysis, the study shows that it aimed for efficient manpower planning as a tool for achieving organizational objective in Enugu State Broadcasting Service (ESBS).

The researcher recommends that the organisation should give adequate staffing, that is to employ good hands, which will understand that achievement of organizational objective is a step towards achieving their personal goal.

However, the researcher further recommend that organisation should also adopt efficient way of communication to its employees for effective output.

 

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1     Background of the study

1.2     Statement of the problem

1.3     Purpose of the study

1.4     Scope of the study

1.5     Research question

1.6     Significance of the study

1.7     Limitation of the study

1.8     Definition of terms

Reference

 

CHAPTER TWO

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1     Literature review

2.2     Meaning and purpose of manpower audit

2.3     Steps in human resource audit

2.4     Approaches to evaluation of the human resources audit.

2.5     Communicating audit result

2.6     Manpower audit in Enugu State Broadcasting Service (ESBS)

References

 

CHAPTER THREE

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY

3.1     Research design

3.2     Area of the study

3.3     Population of the study

3.4     Sample and sampling procedure / technique

3.5     Instrument for data collection

3.6     Validation of the instrument

3.7     Reliability of the instrument

3.8     Method of data collection

3.9     Method of data analysis

References

 

CHAPTER FOUR

DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS

4.1     Presentation and analysis of data

4.2     Testing of hypothesis

4.3     Summary of result

References

CHAPTER FIVE

DISCUSSIONS, RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION

5.1     Discussion of results / findings

5.2     Conclusion

5.3     Implications of the research findings

5.4     Recommendations

5.5     Suggestions for further research

BIBLIOGRAPHY

APPENDAGES / APPENDICES

 

 

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1     BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

 

Manpower is an essential  element in any organisation.  Therefore, for any organisation to survive, grow and equally make profit, it must possess good quality and reliable manpower.  This is because man is the only factor of production most disposed to organize other factors to achieve optimum productivity.

 

Hence, an organisation can remain meaningfully competitive in the market only if it has quality manpower, which is able to articulate the objectives of the firm with the market opportunities and organizational resources.

 

However, in recognition of the dynamic nature of business environment and other prevailing circumstances, there is need for continuous evaluation of human resource.  This underscores the necessity for human resource audit and it must be in every organisation irrespective of size and location.

 

Undoubtedly, many public sector companies and parastatals, information ministry inclusive suffered terribly from lack of accurate date of it’s employees, haphazard policy.

 

Implementation, engagement in irrelevant expenditures, Shaddy records etc.  These canker-worms have succeeded in throwing few of the above mentioned sectors out of existence, drained the purse of some and stationed others at a point of collapse.

 

These problems were highly welcome due to lack of manpower audit in such organisations.  No wonder Ibeku (1984:p 11) stated categorically that manpower audit reveals the actual numbers of employees in the establishment that will form the basis of operation.

 

This assertion brings to light the need for accurate information on the required number of employees in the organisation.  It can then help to determine their pay, promotion scheme, performance appraisal, manpower forecast and avoidance or identification of ghost workers.

 

Besides, manpower audit provides a comprehensive perspective on current practices, resources and management policies regarding human resource management and identify opportunities and strategies for redirecting them.

 

Implicit is an assumption that opportunities are being missed by staying with current approaches and that the human resource management process is dynamic and must continually be redirected to be responsive to need (Walter 1980, p:361 – 362).

 

Therefore, then manpower audit has been successfully carried out in an organisation.  It will help for effective manpower planning.  It is important that organisation view human resource as a major part of the corporate planning activity.  It x-rays itself in hiring, selection, utilization.  Motivation and maintenance of quality manpower.

 

Hick and Gullet (1981, p. 252) is of the of the view that planning coordinates the activities of the organisation towards defined and agreed upon objectives consequently, manpower planning is an aspect of the total corporate planning concept.

 

 

 

ORIGIN OF BROADCASTING IN NIGERIA AND BACKGROUND INFORMATION ON ENUGU STATE BROADCASTING SERVICE (ESBS)

 

Broadcasting came to Nigeria in ages.  One of which was the introduction of wired broadcasting more popularly known as ratio distribution or re-diffusion it was a service, which provided for the relay or distribution of programmes by means of wires connected to loud speakers installed in the homes of subscribers.  This method of distributing programmes as wired broadcasting, which is the transmission of programmes intended for reception by means of radio waves.

 

The introduction of the radio to Nigeria was on initiative of the engineers of the posts and telegraphs department in Lagos who had been involved in monitoring the test transmission of the BBC on short wave.  Between 1929 and 1930 they had carried out experiment in local broadcasting while monitoring the BBC.  The experiment showed that short wave broadcasting were possible but the receivers necessarily would be just as expansion as would be required for the reception of the high power station in Britain.  It was therefore, decided that the most likely development would be the wired distribution of programmes from abroad, through a central receiver experimental work on wired broadcasting then it stated in Lagos early in 1933, and two years after.  It was extended to Ibadan and Kano.

 

In 1963, the colonial office set up the Plymouth committee which in its recommendation said that the establishment of wired broadcasting system will be necessary (Ladele and other 1979, p. 20 -28) thus in Nigeria, the establishment of a wireless broadcasting service come up the ten year plan of development and welfare, but the planners decided to defer it for time being, in view of the need for other services and the limits imposed by financial resources.

 

However, by 1988 when the government realized that Nigeria lagged behind other African countries in the establishment of an efficient broadcasting service, it decided that the installation of a national transmitter should no longer be delayed.

 

In November 1948, the colonial office invited the BBC to carryout a survey of broadcasting in Nigeria and other countries, in the light of the above, the report concluded that there was no urgent need to establish a proper wireless broadcasting service in Nigeria.

The arrival of MESSIS W. CHALMERS and TOM CHALMERS heralded the beginning of broadcasting service, and was the western Nigeria broadcasting service (WNBS) located in Ibadan.

 

1.2     STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

There is no organisation without a problem that affects it either directly or indirectly.

This work is concerned with the problems that affects the use of manpower audit for efficient

 

 

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AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE PROBLEMS OF LEADERSHIP IN TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS A STUDY OF FEDERAL POLYTECHNIC, OKO.

 

 

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER ONE

• Introduction                 1
  • Background of the study         1
  • Statement of the problem         7
  • Purpose of the study         10
  • Significance of the study         11
  • Research question         12
  • Scope of the study         13
  • Limitation of the study         14
  • Definition of terms         15

 

 

CHAPTER TWO

• Literature Review 17
  • Background information in the study area 17
  • Leadership Definition                18
  • Leadership problems 19
  • Problem characteristics         22
  • Leadership, Management and Bureaucracy 24
  • Functions of a leadership and management 25
  • Tertiary institutions and federal polytechnic 28
  • Techniques of leadership 31
  • Theories and approaches to leadership problems 32

 

CHAPTER THREE

• Research Methodology                        38
  • Design of the study 38
  • Area of the study 39
  • Population of the study 40
  • Sample size/sampling techniques 40
  • Instrument for data collection 41
  • Validity and Reliability of the instrument 41
  • Distribution and Retrieval of the instrument 42
  • Method of data analysis 44

 

CHAPTER FOUR

• Data Presentation and Analysis 45
  • Presentation of Findings 45
  • Discussion/Analysis of findings 53

 

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0    Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations        58

5.1   Summary                                                         58

5.2   Conclusion                                                      59

5.3   Recommendations                                           60

References                                                       62

Appendix                                                        64

Questionnaire                                                  65

 

 

 

ABSTRACT

This research work “AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE PROBLEMS OF LEADERSHIP IN TERTIARY INSTITUTION” looking at the ineffective and techniques which our leaders used so as to in-accomplish the leadership objectives. Specifically, the work answers questions which bordered on the problems of leadership which the institution is going onto. The five chapter research works limit its scope of study in Federal Polytechnic, Oko using proper information gathering method to obtain data whereas twelve principle officers of the administration and academic sector are used as the sample size. Also, the interview used for data collection included students. The chapter four led to the chapter summary, recommendation and conclusion. The research work actually show the most leader ship problems which pull down the bad rapport between the management and the subordinates so as to in accomplish the set goals.

 

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

1.0  INTRODUCTION

1.1  THE BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

       The work “An investigation into the problems of leadership in Nigerian tertiary institutions has a critical look at the leadership problems at which the Nigerian tertiary institutions are led using Federal Polytechnic, Oko as a case study.

Leadership as known is the act of directing people/group of persons so as to accomplish as stated objectives, determines the success and failure of an organization based on the style adopted. Also leadership can be seen as the ability to influence people to strive willingly towards accomplishing groups objectives.

Konnitze and Dr. Donnell (1972) in Umeh (2005:145) define leadership as “interpersonal influence, exercise in situation and directed through the communication process towards the attainment of a specific goal or goals”.

He further describes leadership as directing, coordinating a group people in a specific situation, with the view to attaining the objectives of the group. It also involves wielding authority over the subordinates giving direction and ensuring that the objectives of an organization are met.

Moreso, leadership is in essence concerned with human energy in organization group. It is a people orientated phenomenon. It is also a force that can initiate action among people, guide activities in a given direction, maintain such activities and unify effort towards common goals.

In this research work, leadership problems autocratic behaviour, lack of planning etc.

Leadership problems are explained merits and demerits marshaled out, at the same time, the areas which require particular problems of leadership pin-pointed for ineffectiveness.

Comparisons of problems of leadership were projected lifting know the problem(s) which should not be a approached properly. Bureaucratic, management as concerned leadership are not left out. Consequently, techniques, theories and approaches to leadership are made comprehensive in the work through the aid of the intellects in leadership and management.

Finally, the research work made an open revelation of the concept “leadership”.

The application of the problems of leadership in any organization, be it service or production should not through some numerous drives such as being wicked, arrogant, rude, power fact of the force and not appeal to legitimate right. A bad leader can not transmit feeling and execution to the followers by the process that known as communication.

Federal Polytechnic, Oko was established (1981) through collective effort of the community. It is located in Orumba North Local Government Area of Anambra State.

The planning and establishment of the institution was executed by the Oko progressive union, supported by their result oriented leadership of its first chairman of the second civilian regime of Federal republic of Nigeria Dr. Alex Ekwueme.

Initially, the institution was approved by the Anambra State government as a college of arts and science in 1979. And was upgraded to Anambra State Polytechnic, in 1985 when there was a leadership problem.

The quality of its education programmes necessitated its take over by the Federal Government in 1993, it is today known and called Federal Polytechnic Oko.

This institution is located on a land mass covering 35.03 hectares. Because of the founder of the institution, the land where the school is erected is dominated by various individuals and organization as their contributions to the under development of the institution.

Then in 2002, after administration of Prof. Uba Nwuba, a serious crisis broke out in the institution which led to a panel set up by the Federal Government to investigate the matter. The exercise was messed up and disorganized, worsening the crisis.

In this institution, the staff instead of facing academics and problems of students they started mortgaging their jobs with acquiring wealth. There was no serious academic planning and execution, there was no coordination, supervision of staff and students was very poor and indiscipline become order of the day. Also this institution is facing the appointment of a rector.

The major problem of leadership is not well addressed students and recognize their problems. Various leadership problems of the institution have kept the status of the content of the institution in many shapes.

This is because every leadership has its own made of operation that brings in good or bad to the people.

 

• STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

Most of Nigerian tertiary institutions are faced with some financial problems which impinge on administrative efficiency. Federal Polytechnic, Oko is never an exception. Federal Polytechnic, Oko has been hindered in the performance of its administrative functions as a result of many problems including the inadequacy of human and materials resources. Many of these problems includes;

1. Unrealistic Federal Government promises; the Polytechnic management has made it clear that most of the Federal Government budget allocation made to the school have not been fully released and this has been a serious sources of problem that impinged most of the administrative function. Since, 1993 the school was taken over by the Federal Government as its name changed to Federal Polytechnic.
2. Inadequate handling of the institution fund: there has been widespread misappropriation of fund. This is witnessed in the series of administration which have come and gone internally and externally generated revenue of the school were most time squandered by the leader abandoned.

This impinged institution activities thereby setting the hand of the clock back.

• Students refused to pay their levies to the union; students union government of the institution at various time initiated the idea of students of the school to paying students union fees levy to enhance efficient in the side of the affairs of the students.

As the government do not want to look into the affairs of student by upgrading their condition. At the department levels, association in the department, such as PASAN impose levy on the students till dulge these payment thereby bringing failure to the activities of the institution.

 

• PURPOSE OF STUDY

The general purpose of this research is to bring to limelight the problem of leadership in tertiary institution with Federal Polytechnic, Oko as a case study. In this work, the research therefore intends to;

1. To know the type of leadership problems which is prevalent in the management level of Federal Polytechnic, Oko.
2. To show the strategies and motivational steps leaders take to lead ineffectively. This research is going to mention some approaches a leader used so as to make the followers unaccomplished the goals of leadership.

• To correct the mistake that his impinged the succeed of an organization. Most of our leaders have run to failure in carrying out the responsibilities.

 

• SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The findings of this study will help a lot to address the improper attitude of the leader in the managerial cadre who has never had any opportunity of studying administration in the Tertiary Institution. This study is meant to give wrong correction to the low knowledge and porous problems that make them not to in accomplish the objectives.

This study finding will also make the leader to know the type of leadership which should be good for their people as the responses of various groups concerning various leadership problem explained.

The leaders will understand from this finding as it will make them take note on their problems which the subordinates could not positively responded to.

While it improves the leadership inequalities inculcated by the leaders and makes the organization concerned a failure one.

Significantly, the finding go further to tell the leaders the problems that facing many institutions. Such as Federal Polytechnic, Oko.

 

• RESEARCH QUESTION

1. Is the transmission of information within the management by memo or oral information?
2. What are the kinds of leadership problems which is prevalent in the management level of this institution Federal Polytechnic, Oko.

• To what extent has leadership roles contributed to the institutions?

1. What are the functions to do in any organization, office or in the schools?

 

• SCOPE OF THE STUDY

This study touches almost main parts of the leadership problems found in institutions of higher learning especially in Federal Polytechnic, Oko.

The research places much emphasis on administration in tertiary institutions with emphasis in this institution.

All aimed at the ways in which our leaders of this institution accomplished organizational objectives.

It analyzes the merits and demerits of these problems so as to make proper decisions on which to be choose in relation to the situation.

He also continued with the techniques, problems characteristics and understanding of tertiary institution and leadership in relationship with the other management concepts for the people.

 

• LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

This study could have been extended to other areas but due to financial constraints and time factor couple with the attitude of some of the people expected to give useful information necessary for the completion of this work.

The researcher compelled to limit the study to Awka North and Anambra East Local Government.

 

• DEFINITION OF TERMS

Leadership problem: is those things that hinders the work of a leader in the organization especially in tertiary institution.

AUTOCRATIC PROBLEM: It relies on authority to force work to be done.

 

DIRECTIVE PROBLEM: This is leadership problem where a leader makes most decision for the people.

 

PLANNING: This is the continuous activity that can reduce the advice effects of random behaviour and goals directed.

 

LEADERSHIP: It is the ability to influence people to strive towards accomplishing group objectives.

 

ARBITER: Someone who is tasked to judge some matter.

BOURGEOISIES: Those who are in the class of social status and material prosperity.

 

 

 

 

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