THE EFFECT OF ACADEMIC BACKGROUND OF PARENTS ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF PUPILS

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The purpose of this study is to identify the effect of academic background of parents on academic performance of pupils. In other to get a sound conclusion some research questions were formulated as follows; Does the provision of educational needs affects pupils performance? Does audio-visual aid influence the performance of pupil? Does the appreciation of teachers enhance the performance of pupil? About one hundred questionnaires were designed and administered to pupil in primary school Egor Local Government Area and the researcher collected their responses immediately. The method use is sampling random procedure. Solutions were given to authorities concern among are parents. There parents appropriate measure in providing their children educational needs, ministry of education should give awareness on how parent can be of help to their children education. Those parents that ate not educated should be given opportunity to attend adult school in other to influence their children academic at home.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

So many reasons have been advanced for the poor performances of students in schools prominent among them are the negligence of duty of teachers and parents. Parents seems to depend only on teachers with the believe to change or transform their children to academic experts over night, and anything that falls below this expectation makes the teachers conduct unacceptable.

Few people care to think of other factors responsible for poor performances of students at school. Unfortunately, these factors are so weighty that, it renders the important efforts made by the teachers towards the realization of students academic useless. It is widely accepted that c child’s academic achievement does not only restrict to the school he attends but also the education and educational preparation that particular child has received outside the school. It could be from the family, in the community and from the peer group.

According to Peter Gorski (2004) Awake ‘child’s early years what should parents do?’ “It has been noticed that the foundational background of any child should be properly lay down, else such particular child will face a lot of difficulties in future. Some students who are very brilliant were negatively affected by the attitude of their parents, by not providing them the necessary materials needed in the school and at home.

Apparently, it is now noted that students whose parents encourages and provides their educational needs always perform excellently. It was discovered that many parents do not realized the importance of keeping their children at school beyond some certain level. They preferred to have their children working with them in their trade, and those that are interested in keeping their children at school, never bordered to give a follow up by checking their children’s note. This medium makes the children performance to go below average at school.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS

A lot of various factors have contributed to the effect of parents academic background on pupils performances in Egor L. G. A. of Edo State. Parents educational background can pose a positive or negative expectation from students performance. Such as provision of materials and resources which can support learning. Some families can hold firm to their cultural value which may affect their children. For example, the assumption parents make about choosing an occupational goal for their children.

According to Adefemiwa (1995) he said that when students are given academic assignment to perform at home, some respond to it positively and return with a poorly work done, while others do not make any attempt. In addition, when students are asked to bring materials from home to aid their learning, some responded positively while others responded negatively.

Therefore, the researcher intends to investigate the conditions surrounding the academic performances of pupils. To this end, the research work intends to provide answers to the following questions;

1) Broken home can lead to poor academic performance in school

2) Parents academic background can lead to low academic performance

3) Non-providing of educational needs can as well lead to poor result in academic performance of pupils.

4) The environment can also cause poor performances of the pupils

PURPOSE OF STUDY

The purpose of this research work is to examine the effect of academic background of parents on academic performance of pupils. The difficulties which parents experienced during their periods of schooling or the type of job they involved which has made them to deviate from their family responsibilities has been a way of robbing the children of their sound academic performances. Solution will be suggested in reducing poor performance among students.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This project would reveal the importance of parents with sound academic background and how it can affect their children academic performance positively or negatively. There are some children with the population sample who are over age or above average intelligence with adequate sensory acuity, whose parents have sound academic background and have all the available opportunities but achieve less than what could be predicted. This could be seen as a significance of educational discrepancy.

RESEARCH QUESTION

The following research questions are formulated;

1)Does the provision of educational needs affects pupils performance?

2)Does audiovisual aid influence the performance of pupils?

3)Does the appreciation of teachers enhance the academic performance of pupils?

SCOPE OF THE STUDY

This study is limited to all the primary school in Egor Local Governemnt Area of Edo State. The research is based on finding the effect of academic performance of parents on academic performance of pupils.

THE CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF EDUCATIONAL IMBALANCE AMONG MALE AND FEMALE STUDENTS

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The research work focused on the causes and effect of educational imbalance among male and female students in Uhunmwonde Local Area of Edo State. The research work consisted five chapters. The chapters entitles chapter one an introduction and scope of the study, chapter two covers the review of literature which entails the various causes and the effect of educational imbalance among male and female students. Chapter three examiners research methodology covering sampling procedure and method of data analysis. Chapter four covered the presentation of data analysis, chapter hold on the summary, conclusion, questionnaires structured questions asked during the oral interview and recommendations consequently. The research work was completed with bibliography slighted during the research work.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

The education of children is an important duty of parents and government duty of parents and the government. The education process starts in the home, but it continues in school when children reach schools age. It is necessary to emphasize from the on set that the attempt here is analyze the causes and effect of educational imbalance is to acknowledge the fact that certain factors are responsible for the educational imbalance among male and female students in Uhunmwonde to be exact. A critical examination of these factors will give a clear understanding of the differences in the number of male and female in school.

According to the national policy on education (1998_) the 6-3-3-4 programme starts when the child spend six years in primary schools three years in higher education. The national policy on education also recognized the importance of pre-primary education hence it urged parents to provide such education for their children. Parents generally wish to educate all their children whether they are poor or rich, educated or illiterate, they realize the immerge importance of school education. However, there are certain problems which make it difficult for parents to provide education for all the children. One of such problems is economic for financial problems in the home. Education is very expensive and many families are unable to provide the money to educate all the boys and girls children. If there is not enough money to send all the children which of the children to sent to school. The others are kept in the home to assist in farming, cooking and business, there are also culture and religions tradition and custom of the people, which influence the attitudes of parents towards the education of boys and girls for example, because male children in her it their fathers properties most Nigerians tribal families, the male are considered more important than the female children. Therefore, parents tend to make more effort to educate the boys than the girls. Moreover, the girls are expected to mature and leave their parents to live with their husband in the house, some parents feel that money spent on education of the boys is an investment for the further wealth of the family. For religions reasons, the female children in some Moslem families are not given easy freedom to attend school, this is to protect them from too much Muslim association with male. It protects them from the society. Another factor that influences the willingness of parents to send their children to schools is the availability of school near their house. In some part of the country there are not many schools. The school in the locality may be too for from home and there may be no transportation to go to school for safety reason, parents may decide not to take the risk of following the young children to walk the long distance to school. This is particularly the case if the child’s is a girl or the health of the child is not too good.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

Education is an instrument for the development of an individual and their society. It is so important that every person should be well educated. The problems of illiteracy and half education are so many that no parents should deny his or her child the opportunity or right to receive good education. But there are facts which militate against male and female enjoying the same unequal access to education. Some of these factors affects some parents and families more than other. The educational, cultural, religious or economical problems. The factors influencing educational imbalance likely to differ according to whether the child concerned is a male or a female, when ever a parents in not in a position to provide equal access to education for all his children, a choice has to be made which may be in favour of the male or female. The parent’s attitudes to the education of male and female we determine which of the children to send to school. In Nigeria society, the changes are that the boys will be favored more than the girls. The problems can lead to more illiterate or inadequately educated girls than boys in the community. It also amount to denial of the girl’s fundamental right for a better future life.

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The main purpose and objective of the study is to critically examine the causes and the effect of educational imbalance among male and female students in Uhunmwonde Local Government Area of Edo State. The study also aimed at investigating the influence of certain factors and personal characteristics of parents on their attitudes towards the education of boys and girls. The factors include the sex of parents, there social economic status, their level of education, their religion background from the findings of the study, recommendations will be made on how to get parents to appreciate the need to give both male and female equal opportunity to receive equal education.

RESEARCH QUESTION

In order to study the causes and the effect of educational imbalance among male and female students the following research questions have been put forward.

1.          Are there imbalances in the number of male and female students in schools?

2.          Does the economic or financial status of parents influence the education of male and female?

3.          Do religious background of parents influences his or her attitude towards the education of male and female.

4.          Does the educational background or level of a parents influence his attitude towards the education of his children.

5.          Does the family size of a parents influences his or her attitudes towards the education of male and female?

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study is important because girls on many Nigerian houses and societies are often not given the same opportunities to education as is given to the boys. The girls usually suffer some discrimination especially if her parents are poor, uneducated or have many children to carter for I school. The introduction of universal basic education (UBE) will help to increase opportunity to change the attitude of parents nor remove all the cultural prejudice against females. The study is also significant in the sense that it will help to expose which factors are most influential in determining what attitudes we may reasonably expect from different types of parents, such information from this study should be useful to government and those who manage the educational system. It will enable them to plan properly on how to enforce the compulsory attendance required by the universal basic education programme for all children of primary and junior school age that is free and compulsory education for children from the age of 6-15 years.

SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The study will involve the total scope of the study of Uhunmwonde Local Government Area in Benin City, Edo State. Due to the nature of the topic the causes and effect of educational imbalance among male and female students in Uhunmwonde Local Government Area in Edo State the researcher was subjected to certain limitations such as time; ill health; finance and non availability of research materials.

Nevertheless, the conduct of the research or had been in such a manner that major constraints have been over come such as possible.

ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS PERCEPTION OF THE QUALITY OF TEACHING PRACTICE

 

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This study attempts to investigate student’s teacher perception of the quality of teaching practice. The purpose being to determine the issues involved in this exercise, highlight how supervision are done, the relationship between supervision and students supervisor disposition as regard discussing and teaching students on areas of expectation. Some research questions were asked to guide the study, which include nature of supervision, deposition of supervisor and supervisor’s relation with students/human relations. Time factor and the over assessment of the supervision exercise. The population was drawn from the find year students of college of education.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

In the world today, teacher’s education remaining a thing of focus, because of its role in national development through political economical and social development to meet societal needs. That is the reason of the value of instrument depends to a large extent on the quality of a professional training of teachers. Hence an enviable opportunity to acquire competence needed for effective teaching in the area of imparting knowledge, helping those being taught to become more aware of their talents, power and how to use them and soon.

Similarly,in teacher education, adequate preparation of the student’s teacher for his task is very important for his/her success in field of experience such field experience is a core aspect in the training of teachers and often referred to as teaching practice. In Nigeria, students teacher here often adopt practice from experience teachers, which are not in line with the demands of current educational objective. The mistakes of current educational objective. The mistakes have contributed to the failure of many teachers in the classroom while pupils too become dropouts. The overall effect for their professional calling is the falling standard in education of our country. Hence, teaching practice is essentially that which come into existence in the 19th century. Its roots grew over the years to assure on indispensable and distinct competent of teachers training program met any level. It is a requirement that have its blue prints in Nigeria National Policy of Education (1998) the third competent of teacher education curriculum similarly, in the college of education, teaching practice is taken as a core course of the curriculum and instruction what lasted 10-15 weeks supervised teaching practice it began without credit load or unit attached to it and as merely a requirement to graduates in education. But now, teaching practice is weighed to carry a total of 6 credits for students in college of Education in their final year.

Consequently,the scheme is been geared as a launching pad for the emergence of a corps of highly dedicated, devoted and capable teachers who are highly predisposed to innovation as well as purposeful pattern of teaching. This imperative for quantitative and sound supervision. However, supervision entails the cooperate efforts of coordinating the students teachers, the principal and all members of staff of the cooperating school (i.e. school where teaching practice exercise is done) including the college of education, the external supervisors and the students teachers. In spite of these various hands in the scheme, students teacher often come out complaining of one form of abnormality or the other on the supervision exercises and supervision seems very vogue to reckon with. It becomes necessary to investigate the student’s teacher perception on the quality of teaching practice.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Teaching practice was introduced like other practical experiences in fulfillment of the certificate requirement of the teacher to be. It is an experience every education students in the college of education must undergo it was in view of the importance and necessary of teaching practice that the need for a well programmed vitally well pattern follow to achieve meaningful success. However,with the crop of grounding and graduating teachers being varied in the scheme of professional growth, teachers education proficiency and performance coupled with the decreasing standard of teacher education product performance as well as the falling standard of education, the learning problems seem burdensome to resolve. Even those in teaching practice their ordeal in performance create worry over what ought to be and how it was done. Similarly the series of flush resulting from improper coordination. Thus these variation in assessing teacher during teaching practice. This will however, creates desire to study the students teacher perception of the quality of teaching practices supervision.To ascertain the effectiveness of supervision, the following are being tested.

RESEARCH QUESTIONS

1.         Determine the issue of teaching practice

2.         What are the aim of teaching practice

3.         Problem of teaching practice.

4.         Quality of a good teacher

5.         Did your supervisor hold any meeting with you after your teaching

6.         How was the behaviour of the supervisor to you?

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

The purpose of the study is to:

1.         Determine the issues involved in teaching practice supervision

2.         Highlight the obstacles constraints as well as various hindrances to the quality teaching practice..

3.         Suggest various ways quality supervision of teaching can be realized.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This research is carried out with the issues, hindrances and prospect of quality supervision of teaching practice in mind. Finding of this work will however, go along way in making the teaching practice supervision exercise a befitting one for the planners and students involved in the programme. First the student’s teacher will be made to realize the importance of the programme and to understand various areas of interest to the students teacher to enhance his or her profession. The students can see their supervisors as friends, helper and those cooperative supervisors assisting useful means to getting the best.

The supervising lecturers and other supervisors could learn how best to accomplish the task. They will become innovative, creative, and versatile in handling teachers to be during their teaching practice. It will help the practicing school supervisor responsibilities in the exercise so that they can render the necessary cooperation to those practicing colleagues in all spheres, the programme so to have quality and better teachers.

Lastly, the educational knowledge involved will properly be called to the right place thereby solving teaching/learning difficulties, which will be made effective and both teachers trainees and students will gain academically,. It will also help in making any necessary adjustment in the appointment of supervisor for quality and effective exercise.

SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The study is designed to find out students perception of the quality of teaching practice supervision among lecturers. The study is restricted to College of Education, where the research hopes to get information from the present year three (Yr 3) students only who have just been concluded their teaching practice.

THE EFFECT OF POVERTY ON THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF STUDENTS IN SOME SELECTED SECONDARY SCHOOLS

 

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ABSTRACT

This research work was designed to find out the effect of poverty on the academic performance of students in some selected secondary schools in Egor Local Government Area of Edo State. This research work consist of five chapter. Chapter one was on the background of the study. However, the significance of the study was highlighted in addition to the problem encountered by the researcher in the course of investigation. Chapter two was on the review of related literature while chapter three was on methodology, area considered under this section are population, sampling, validation and reliability of questionnaire, administration of questionnaire and method of data analysis. Chapter four was devoted to data analysis, where the researcher adopted the frequency method and percentage to analyze the data collected by means of questionnaire on the final note was chapter five which was devoted to the summary and conclusion and recommendations.

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

Education is a process through which individual acquires skills, competencies, and attitude. It is the right of every child to be educated, be it traditional or western. Thus, education is been regarded as culture to man, people and the nation of the world at large. This explains why man has to educate himself and his offspring in the society. Poverty is one of the factors militating against man from carrying out his educational activities perfectly. Because of the various perception and complexities of the term poverty, a universally agreed definition cannot be arrived at. But then poverty according to the oxford advanced learners dictionary (2000) defined poverty as the state of being poor.       Oguw Mike (2005) sees poverty as a way of life characterized by low calorie intake, inaccessibility of adequate health facilities low quality education system, low life expectancy, unemployment and under-employment. Leroy and Symes (2001) consider poverty as a major anti-risk factors relating the concept poverty to Nigeria, it will therefore be considered in a broader way which implies that it has be viewed in various perspectives which include one national state and home background. At the national level, a nation can be considered poor when her economic standard is very low and this automatically makes the nation underdeveloped. The economy of a country that does not reached certain stage of development in terms of infrastructure and other development indices. As regard poverty in the family level, we are referring to the home background.  Even before the indigenous education or western type of education, the home has always been the agency through which man learns various aspect of life to enable him live a meaningful life in his environment. The home which is also known as traditional way of educating the young ones is still regarded as the first school of a child before he enters the larger society.

The role of the home cannot be over emphasized because the general assumptions that states of poverty in the family or home goes to a long way to determine the extent of youth or students educational development. Education is seen by many as the route to alleviate poverty. There is no doubt that meaningful; education is the most potent instrument for alleviating and eventually abolishing poverty. In considering the effect of poverty on academic performance of students to be precise, the home background is the most important phenomenon that needs to be seriously considered in order to enhance the effective study of the relationship between poverty and students academic performance. In view of this, some factors that needed to be considered in the home or family background are parents academic qualification, socio-economic class and facilities available in home or home environment as well as parent status.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Evidence shows that in Nigeria, the number of those in poverty has continued to increase every year. By 1999, when the government came into power, it was estimated that more than 70% of Nigeria lived in poverty. In recent years, it has been a controversy through in the mind of people that if the poor status of any society or nation, even family can really have an impact on the students educational performance. In view of this, the study intends to investigate the positive and negative impact of poverty on the student’s education in Nigeria. This is because the diversity of the world poverty by different scholars who have used it in their course of study and how it has affected the learning and performance of the students in their educational development. Goldstem (1976) admitted this concept when he said that the fact that much of youth educational development takes places in a circle or home, the child begins to attend school in psychological tourism, an attempt would be made to determine the influence of parent’s socio-economic performance and the poverty impact on students education. There is a group which contents the poor have right to be assisted on the bases of group solidarity. Oijkstra (1984) we know that in Africa, the system of the extended family addresses the issues of poverty in the community.

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY   

The purpose of the study is to investigate the effect of poverty on the student’s academic performance in Nigeria emphasizing on some selected secondary schools in Egor Local Government Area of Edo State. The study is to find out whether students of nation can really be affected with any economic standard of the nation. The study also tries to find out the extend of which any community standard of living can affect the students education in that community. Some teachers are surprise when it comes to evaluate performance of some students such teachers might find a particular students in class performing extremely poor despite all kinds of skills employed in carrying out an effective teaching and learning process which extremely well.

This study will also provide possible suggestion, in enhancing or improving the student’s academic performance by bringing out strategies to alleviate poverty. For instance by introducing the Britain welfare legislative system by providing accommodation, transportation, feeding, sickness benefiting, clothing etc those families living below the poverty level.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study is important when looked at from the concept of poverty and the three various factors, the national level, the community level and the home level or family background which influence student’s educational needs. It is hoped that the study definitely identified some of the essential factors existing in the various level as they influence students in their performance. The study will give solution on how to improve students’ academic performance. The level of literacy can also influence the level of performance in economic enterprise. This is why Africa tradition insists on lifelong education as a process of acquiring various types of literacy, cultural, political, religious etc for meaningful and effective living.

The study will also focus on the need for government to incorporate parents in planning, for student. This is because the parents know best the environment under which students at home will learn and other variable which affect their performance. The study also enables us to know that poverty has become serious problem in Nigeria. Despite her oil wealth, Nigeria becomes one of the poorest nation in the world. This life span as short and there are social, political and economic difficulties. Begging has become a vocation to many who now live on the street. The crime rate is alarming, as violence, fraud and armed robbery increase. One way of solving the problem of poverty is to introduce measures ameliorate an equitable distribution of resource.

Henner Hilder Brand (1994) believes that the process of alleviating might be beyond the acquisition of literacy and the introduction of income general efforts. He seems to be suggesting that the cure of poverty would be the conclusion of people in decision and policies. The living conditions of the poor also signify lacks of participatory opportunities in the economics, cultural, political and social areas. The living conditions of the fight against poverty should consequently focus on eliminating the deficits mentioned in order to be effective in the long-run.

RESEARCH QUESTION  

For the proper examination of this study, the following have been formulated to serve as a guide in the conduct of the investigation.

1. What is the impact of environmental factors on the academic performance of students?
2. To what extent does the economic status of any nation affects its students academic performance?
3. Does the economic status of the parent have an impact on the academic performance?
4. Does the educational background of your parent have any impact on your academic performance?
5. Does lack of equipment like textbooks affect the academic performance?

SCOPE/DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY

This study is limited to some selected secondary schools in Egor Local Government Area of Edo State.

 

 

A SURVEY OF THE CAUSES OF INDISCIPLINE AMONG STUDENTS IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS

 

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ABSTRACT

This project work seeks to find out the causes of indiscipline among students in public secondary schools, a case study of Ovia North Local Government Area of Edo State. During the survey, data were collected through the use of the questionnaire in four selected public secondary schools. This research examines important aspects of indiscipline both in the light of psychological knowledge and of the overall task of the society, school, its administrators, and teaching staff and parents. The imperative of indiscipline, its causes, types and solutions are discussed in the project and pedagogical, social, and psychological techniques are proffered importantly. We concluded that all the agent and agencies of education need to put hands on decking order to prevent and curb this social menace called indiscipline in our public secondary schools.

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

For obvious reason, we might be tempted to undermine the theme of this paper. Reasons are not far fetched; the topic most academic will say is of common place discourse in the nook and crannies of the country and the world at large. However, we make bold to state here that these are mere assumptions. The topic demands our serious consideration and resolution because of its visible impediment to national growth and development. Currencies are without doubt apparent.

This being so, a clear understanding of a topic begin with an espies on the meaning of the term indiscipline. Indiscipline, a derivative of the word, discipline, according to the chambers twentieth century dictionary is a mode of life in accordance with rules subjection to control.

The oxford advance learner’s dictionary defines it as a lack of control in the behaviour of a group of people. Tulihi and Bello (1980) assert that indiscipline is the breaking of rule and regulation of institutions. According to Uwagie Ero et al (2002) indiscipline is a state of disorder used by lack of training and control to the end. Indiscipline can simply be seen as a mode of life not in conformity with rules and regulation capable of obstructing the smooth and orderly, functioning in the school system.

Adeyemo (1985) school rules and regulations in most cases do affect students more than any other thing because they are made by the school authorities in order to guide and protect the students while in school. The problem of indiscipline is more apparent among school students. Indiscipline among them has attracted serious attention of scholars and administrators. These scholars and administrators attribute indiscipline among public secondary school students in their state of development. They opined that when students notice certain biological changes signaling maturity in the course of their growth and development, they tend to misbehave by faulting school rules and regulations (Mukharjee 1985).

The causes of indiscipline are based on the acts of indiscipline among students in public secondary schools range from deviation from simple norms and instruction of heinous crime infact the list is inexhaustible. Ozula (1986) listed some act of indiscipline which include disobedience, vandalisation, quarreling, fighting, rioting, wickedness, absenteeism, violence, dishonesty, arson, idleness, disorderliness, laziness, smuggling, jealousy, gossip, drunkenness, greed, selfishness, discrimination, corruption, bribery, drug abuse, sex, and raping. Others are lawlessness, kidnapping, murder, oppression, misappropriation of fund and mismanagement. Disobedience is the mother of indiscipline. According to the Holy Bible, from the book of Genesis 1:26, 3:6 says that God created the world and made man above everything therein still man sinned-disobeyed God by eating the forbidding fruit the consequence of this indiscipline was great, God cursed man and drove him out of the garden of Eden.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

This study is geared towards the investigation of the survey of the causes of indiscipline among students in public secondary school and how to curb it. The following shall stand the basic research questions.

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objective of the study is to

1) find out societal influence on indiscipline

2) find out whether home background causes students’ indiscipline

3) investigate how poor school administration causes indiscipline

4) find out if the influence of peer group has in any way contributed to the level of students’ indiscipline in school

5) find out the effect of the mass media on indiscipline

RESEARCH QUESTIONS

The following shall stand as the basis of the research questions/hypothesis

1) What are the causes, problems and solutions of indiscipline among public secondary school students?

2) How does societal morals contribute to indiscipline?

3) Does home background contribute to indiscipline?

4) How does poor school administration affects students’ in disciplinary behaviour?

5) Does peer group influence causes indiscipline?

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The significance of this study is to identify the causes and solutions of indiscipline among schools. These findings will go long way in exposing teachers and other school workers to the major cause of indiscipline in schools. And these will help the teachers in curbing indiscplinary behaviour in schools again, as a result of this research work, principals see their shortcomings and evolve a more effective approach to teaching and school management.

Lastly, the findings of the study would help parents, teachers, school administrators, government and society in general in knowing the various part they should play which could lead to indiscipline.