PROBLEM OF INDISCIPLINE AND ITS IMPACT ON ACADEMIC ACTIVITY IN SECONDARY SCHOOL

 

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the problem of indiscipline and its impact on academic activity in Edo State. The incessant occurrence of chaotic and some time criminal behaviour not only by the audit population but also the students of this country in recent times has since begun to give cause for concern, particularly to parents, government and school administrators. Questionnaires from a sample of five secondary schools students consisting of hundred (100) secondary school students were selected at random in Edo State. Among other things, it was found that the societal customs and way of life can in one way or other influence the positive or negative behaviour of the child, that parental absence and poor moral upbringing of the child can plague the secondary school students of acts of indiscipline and that children from a high socio-economic background can be engaged in acts of indiscipline as well as children from the low or middle socio-economic background

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

Indiscipline may be said to be as old as the time when men started to organize himself into society and consequently made laws to order the affairs of men in a social set up. In the Holy Scripture Cain exhibited some form of indiscipline when he out of envy murdered his brother Abel in their abode. We have heard of people engaging in indiscipline behaviour on daily basis. Many of our students today especially those in our secondary school exhibit various forms of indiscipline in form of juvenile delinquency. This could be in the form of arson, murder and robbery etc. these acts involve both adult and youths, the rate of indiscipline tends to be on the increase in the modern world. Africa is not an exception of this general increase in the young stars, negative attitude to constituted authority. This rate of indiscipline tends to be on an increase despite the various measure taken by successive government most especially Nigeria, to curb the menace among our students so as to bring about a socially stable society.

We read our newspapers and hear from the electronic media of students in the country committing all forms of crimes ranging from the violation of parental regulations to truancy, stealing, assault, robbery and other socially undesirable behaviours. Available information shows that our students are most frequently implicated in the acts of indiscipline that in every five caught for a criminal offence; there are usually young stars. These offence ranges from drugs and robbery. During the military rule, several measures were put in place to curb the trends, on its assumption to power on the 31^st December 1983, the government of general Mohammuadu Buhari (Rtd) made it known that one of the causes of our problems in our country (Nigeria) was indiscipline and as such, the war against indiscipline (WAI) was introduced into all aspects of the life of the nation. Also our past head of states, General Sani Abacha (Lt) on assumption I office (1993) launched the war against indiscipline and corruption (WAIC), Presdient Olusegun Obasanjo also launched independent corrupt practices commission (ICPC) and economic financial crime commission (EFCC). This was aimed at checking the various corrupt practices in our society. Despite all these commendable effort of our youth are still very much indiscipline. The Nigeria youth is yet to embrace the principles behind the war against indiscipline and corruption programme even when he is supposed to have great roles to play in the success of the programme.

There is often the saying that our youths are the leaders of tomorrow, but from what happens on a daily basis, one is forced to wonder if actually the youths are the future leader of tomorrow, if they could actually be entrusted with the leadership roles of the futures, people from various works of life have expressed concern. Olusegun Obasanjo formal president and head of state of the Federal Republic of Nigeria lamented over the rate of indiscipline in the Nigeria society. He pointed accusing fingers to most youths and adults noting that they suffering from what he called social, moral, political and economic indiscipline. Also formal head of state general Ibrahim Babaginda confirmed the obvious fact that the rate of indiscipline and crime among youths was growing fast. He said.

“Moral decadence is threatening the nation as evidenced by the get rich quick syndrome that pervaded all facts of the society. Crimes of violence in which our young stars are involved in indication of the malaise which affects most of our communities”. (daily Times 26^th December, 1985. pp 1). The problems of indiscipline among students is fast becoming a canker worm that is eaten deeper and deeper in to the fabric of our society and thereby constituting a greater threaten to the stability of the nation. Indiscipline of various types has eaten deep into the fabric of the social system, it is a problem that is increasing at a fast rate and needs prompt attention. We have come to notice that hardly any family exists without a child possessing one trait of indiscipline or the other. It is either the child steals, is rude, not well mannered, runs away from classes, and or at time if the child is a female, it may be that she posses indulgent sexual acts which may create great concerns for the parents. It is also possible that the child is one way or the other drug addict. In whatever way it is viewed whether the child exhibits any of these features or many others, which are socially undesirable, such a child is certainly a problem to the family and the society at large.

It is also sad, to note that student’s indiscipline has had a lot of negative effects on the school system and learning, many academic calendar are being disrupted as a result of this indiscipline many students now form themselves into gangs, they threaten the life of fellow students and even teachers. It is as a result of this indiscipline that we now have secreted societies or secrete cults even in our primary and secondary schools. It is necessary for the nation to pay attention to the frequent indiscipline among our students, if she is to achieve fame and progress in all field of human endeavour,. This is because the fate of any nation depends on the youths she breeds, as they are the leaders of tomorrow.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The problem of student’s indiscipline is to be well attended to by parents, teachers/school administrators and all these involved in the upbringing of the students in the country, if lasting solutions are to be found in it. To this end, we all stand to gain in no small measure of students refrain from indiscipline behaviours and become discipline.

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

This research is aimed at investigating the problem of indiscipline and its impact on academic activity in Edo State. This is due to the ever-increasing rate of indiscipline in these schools nationwide. Some variables of this study include societal influence, parental influence/upbringing and socio-economic attainment of parents. There are many factors usually responsible for indiscipline of students in the society. This work therefore, aimed at determine the factors responsible for indiscipline in our secondary schools. it will try to make suggestions to the possible solutions which may help to being an end to the problem of indiscipline in our secondary schools.

RESEARCH QUESTIONS

To guide this study, the following hypotheses are necessary:

1.          Does the parental influence and upbringing of the child contribute to the indiscipline of t he child?

2.          Does the society at large encourage indiscipline among students through its customs ways of life?

3.          Has the socio-economic attainment of a child’s parent got anything to do with indiscipline of the child?

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

It is expected that the result of this study would be useful to parents and the society. School administrators, teachers, government and policy makers in their effort to put an end to the problem of students indiscipline specifically the out-come of this work would assist parents and society in monitoring the activities of their children through the results of this study, school heads, will discover what negative role they play and which in turn affect events that can lead to indiscipline in school. They will then adjust their administrative loopholes and forge ahead for a well-disciplined schools system. Teachers are expected to know from this study how students indiscipline is being carried out around them and employ means of eradicating the trend. The study would also be useful to the government and policy makers in formulating policies that will ensure a disciplined and patriotic behaviour on the part of the students. The overall aim of this study is the complete wiping out of indiscipline among out students so that teaching learning atmosphere will be conducive and free dangers. In such an environment, there will be better enhancement of knowledge.

THE INFLUENCE OF HOME ENVIRONMENT ON THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF A CHILD

 

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ABSTRACT

The project work was carried out in Oredo Local Government Area of Edo state and the ten schools were randomly selected to look out for the influence of home environment on the academic performance of a child. Some socio cultural problems which are likely to affect a child’s academic performance were examined with four research questions. The instrument used in the collection of data was the questionnaire, which were tested statistically using sample percentage scores. The statistical analysis is that a child whose parents are educated performed better than those whose parents are less educated. The study also shows that learning materials stimulate a child to learn and that a child who has cordial relationship with his/ her parents performs better in school than those who do not. It as also discovered that cultural factors can also influenced a child’s academic performance for instance; a child is likely to face conflict divergent cultures

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The academic performance of any child cannot be separated from the home environment in which the child grows up. A healthy home environment offers emotional security to a child. The schools cannot simply provide a continuation of the home environment, but they can play an inestimable role in laying the foundation for the child learn how to read and write, however, this influence is characterized by various factors such as the parents home background learning facilities, levels of parents educational attainment and other socio cultural issues.

Over the years, the society had recorded a persisted increase in the rate of poor performance in the various schools examinations such as the senior secondary school examination (S.S.C.E). Comments from educators have shown that the blame from look of performance has been as a result of neglect and carefree attitude towards academic works by students and parents.

It is against this background that the researcher has decided to investigate on the academic performance of a child. There are innumerable factors which affect a child academic performance as stated above. It is obvious that a child academic performance is directly related to his her environment as well as learning facilities and other socio cultural issues. Every child is born with the same intellectual ability, but a good and conducive environment with adequate learning facilities will help to boost the intellectual and academic capability of the child. Parents from good learning environment will always have good attitudes towards education and provide learning materials such as the television, instructional video tract, books and journals e.t.c that will facilitate the learning process. These as a matter of fact can give a child an edge over his or her counterparts in an environment with poor learning facilities.

Educated parents will always express the belief that it is important to help a child with his or her home work and to review the school work that the child had done but a child from a poor home environment to a large extent is deprived of such opportunities and thus, he or she struggles to service he teaching and learning process. A student in this category is therefore not confident and consisted. Hence he or she experiences how academic performance hence, the motivation of any intelligent child towards learning is being accelerated by the positive influence of his or her environment, while others are negatively affected in terms of their poor home environment.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

The importance of education in an individual cannot be over emphasized. Education has a long lasting impact on one’s life. For example the acquisition of knowledge and skills and all other things that is worthwhile, which are transmitted to a person through formal and informal education determines his or her potential in future.

Basically, we understand that the home is the first school for a child where he or she is taught the basics norms and values by the parents before the child leaves for the formal education. Contrary to popular opinion. Learning and reading begins in school but the first foundation of the child begins in school but the first foundation of the child begins at home. (Binkley 1998)

Base on those facts, this research has to do with asking the following questions on why does student home environment affect student performance in school.

• Unconducive learning environment reduces a child academic performance
• Can the attitude of illiterate parents affect the child performance
• Can the attitudes of illiterate parents of affect the child’s performance

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objective of this study are;

1. To examine the meaning of the influence of home environment on the academic performance of pupils in primary school.
2. To identify the influence of home environment on the academic performance of a pupils in primary school.
3. To proffer solution to the influence of home environment on the academic performance of pupils in primary school.

RESEARCH QUESTIONS

As regard to the purpose of this research, the following research questions provide the focus of the study.

i)            Does the home environment have any influence on a Childs academic performance

ii)          Do the parents and their academic attainment have any influence on a Childs academic performance

iii)        Do the parents and their academic attainment have any influence on the academic performance

iv)        Is the academic performance of a child influence by his or her socio cultural background?

SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY

Education is of immense importance to individuals and to the society at large. Educators have greatly assumed that the home environment, to a large extent determines the progress of an individual in learning situation. This study will therefore highlight the significant differences in various home environments. The study will enable educationist and curriculum planners to take full cognizance of individual difference among children in any teaching/ learning environment while planning. It will also help teachers to cater for the various classes of school children in the classroom.

Also, it will enable the teacher to adopt new dimensional approaches while teaching finally parents irrespective of their educational qualification should encourage the child at home, and also provide the maximum stimulation at all times.

THE PLACE OF DANCE IN ESAN WEST LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF EDO STATE

 

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ABSTRACT

The purpose of this project work is to examine the essence of dance in the life of the African using the Esan’s as a case study. Dance is valued highly because it is useful in the life circle of human beings, i.e. right from birth to death. The researcher also went ahead and investigated on how plays an important role in the life of the Africans particularly the Esan people. This study is so enormous, covering the whole of dance activities and celebration of all African societal. The use of musical instruments makes African dance look real. The more the musical instruments are played the better and more interesting African dance will be, thought the participants should be prayerful and be serious with their researchers. Dance should be performed in ceremonies like marriages, burials, birthdays, naming ceremonies, entertainment etc.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1     BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

According to Innocent Akioya (2006) he stressed that, to a typical African child, music is life. There is music in almost everything that happens around him. His mother sings when washing cloths. The sister sings while sweeping. The father whistles to tune while on the farm. When the family gathers together for a ceremony, singing is done, singing being an important part of music; music is therefore that thing that makes activities around him come alive.

According to Innocent Akinoya (2006) he defined music as sound that please the ears.  According to Abolagba J. A. (2003) he sees music as the combination of organized sounds that is pleasant to the ears. Sound, therefore, is the main source of music. It must be pleasing to the ear, if it is organized, if not it will be regarded as noise. 

DANCE  

       Abolagba J. A. (2003) defines dance, as an act in its form, is a rhythmic movement to music either along or with a partner or in a group. Dance is also use of the body to communicate a message. However, while drama is rooted in words, music in songs, dance is rooted in body movement. There is this saying that Africans are dancers. This is because Africans dance to any music they listen to:

       Dance as an art plays various roles in an individual or group of individuals. This includes:

1.          People dance to glorify God.

2.          People dance to express their feelings

3.          Dance is used for entertainment

4.          People also dance to exercise their bodies.

5.          It is used to appease the gods.

DANCE PATTERNS

       A dancer must master the techniques for his profession, since dance has its own methodology. Also, dance differs from one culture to another. This is why Europeans dance Ballat, while Nigerians have either the Bata dance of the Yoruba, Antilogu’s of the Igbo or the dance of the Hausa. Each of these different dances have their own peculiarities, hence their techniques must be mastered before they can be performed.

There are some basic denominators that are found in basically all dances. They are the factors that underline techniques. Once they are mastered, the dancer has no problem in dancing. They are the dancers tool, the “body”, the place he occupies during performance either on stage, or on an open area called the “space” the way he responds to rhythm either slowly or very fast called the “time”.

TYPES OF DANCE

       Dance in Nigeria is of two main types, these are: free dance and stylized dance. In the free dancing, there are no specifications as to how each dancers move in terms of space, relationship to other dancers and body movement. Rather, each dancer expresses his inner feeling independent of what other dancers or other parts of the body do.

       Stylized dance on the other hand, is concerned with purposeful and uniformity in movements. The movements are planned in such a way that body relationship and individual relationship are all meaningful examples is the atilogwu dance.

CATEGORIES OF DANCE

       Dances can also be categorized along functional line.

1.          Occupational dances

2.          Social dances

3.          Ritual dances

OCCUPATIONAL DANCES

       They are associated with or staged or reflect different aspects of Nigerian professions, such as hunting, divination, fishing, farming etc.

SOCIAL DANCES

       This include those staged for social occasions such as wedding, title taking, etc.

RITUAL DANCES  

       This include sango dances, new yam dances, masquerade dances, etc.

THE STRUCTURE OF DANCE

       Dance has three (3) basic structures. The beginning, the middle and the end.

DANCE FORMATIONS

       There are different mathematical formations, which provide the framework for the organisation, position, space and movement of the dancers and the music orchestra or ensemble. These formations are as follows:

a.          Circle formation

b.          Parallel lines formation

i.    Double parallel lines

ii. Triple parallel lines

iii. Quadruple parallel lines

c.           Single line formation

d.          Semi-circle formation

COMPONENTS OF DANCE

       Dance contains the following components: Music, drama, costume, language and mimes. Music is indispensable in dance because the dancer dances to the rhythm and tempo of music including sudden and planned musical variations. 

       Drama is used in the form of acting or behaviour or farmers during planting and harvesting activity, paddling a canoe as in EGWU-AMALA of women dancers in Delta State, and in cante dancers of the Efik, Ijaw and Ibibio people. Costumes provides and expressed the external body beauty and gives colour of joy, sadness, gallantry, war, peace, smartness or worship to the dancers and the dance depending on the type of social functions and objectives of the dance.

       Language is in the form of words and statements in the vocal line including, commitments, creative speech and recitations associated with a particular. Mime is in the form of gestures by different patterns of facial expression, arm, head and eye movement and signs with the intention to analyze some ideas.

ASPECT OF DANCE

       The following are those aspects we considers as we dance.

1.          Awareness of space; in any dance the spacing of dancers are taken into consideration. The kind of dance determines the interval between the dancers.

A good dance; leader should space the dancers, so that they all we be free when dancing and will not hit one another when displaying a particular skills. Spacing of dancers also helps the audience to have a free view of the dancers and be able to identify the best dancer. Also spacing of dancers, gives room for air ventilation. As well as helping the dancers to be able to breath in fresh air for strength in then process of doing this act.

2.          Awareness of time: This is very important to every good dancer. The dancers should be very sensitive, watchful and vigilant in order to know when to come in with the dance. It is when the dancers have the awareness of time, that they will know how many beat to follow and when to stop. They must all stop at the same time and start together.

3.          Awareness of weight: When we talk about weight, we mean the weight of every dancer. Whether they are suffering from obesity or no, it must be considered. This is because the size or weight of a particular dancer will determine the kind of dance he or she can participate in e.g. somebody that is suffering from obesity cannot be chosen for the Esan dance called “Igbabonelimin”. The average people are mostly chosen.

4.          Body awareness: This talk about the physical appearance of people that are involved of an individual will determine what he or she can do better. This is the most important aspect among the others. For example, the disability of a particular person will disturb him or her from doing what his or her mates are doing.

1.2     STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

A great number of Africans do not know much about their cultures. They are being influenced by civilization today. Africans now sing like the white men and even dance western dances, neglecting their great cultures. Even in search of books that we can use for research is very difficult to get. Most authors (Africans) do not write books on their different cultures any more because of civilization. This is the reason why there are limited sources of information.

In this study, the researcher would like to create the awareness in Africans to be proud of their culture and to protect their culture for identification.

1.3     PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

The purpose of this study are as follows:

1.          To create awareness of the acrobatic dance called “Igbabonelimen” to the public.

2.          To examine the role of music in Igbabonelimin dance.

3.          To identify some of the songs used in Igbabonelimin dance and their meanings.

1.4     SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

A survey into the problem of dance with regard to Igbabonelimin. In Esan West local Government of Edo State is much significant to Esan West (okpebho) but to Nigeria in general. The importance of carrying out this study is that, at the end, it could serve as a resource materials to many who want to gain deeper knowledge about the problem of dance and also the benefit of this measure.

This study will encourage the people of Esan West and Africans in general to be more interested in dance and also, to be actively involved. Above all, this piece of work will offer very useful information on dance, and also act, as a source of information to Af4ricans and parents, who are keen in studying or understanding more of African culture or cultural heritage. 

1.5     SCOPE OF STUDY

This study would have covered the entire Esan part of Edo state. But due to time and finance, the researcher has decided to restrict her study to Igbabonelimin dance of Okpebho community of Edo State.  

1.6     METHODOLOGY

In carrying out this study, various research techniques were adopted in the collection of data,. This section looked at oral interview, field trip and library research.

ORAL INTERVIEW

       The researcher employed oral interview to ascertain the information portraying in this study. The researcher visited some communities and villages in Esan West Local Government.

FIELD TRIP

       For the purpose of this study, the researcher paid visit to four villages in Esan West Local Government Area. In order for her to watch the Igbabonelimin dancers as they displayed their skills live in the scene. The villages covered were; Irrua, Ogwu, Egoro and Ewu.

This helped the researcher to gather more information for her research work.

LIBRARY RESEARCH   

       For the purpose of this study, the researcher made use of some books written by different authors for research. The research visited different libraries to get more facts.

FACTORS THAT ARE MILITATING AGAINST EFFECTIVE TEACHING AND LEARNING OF PRIMARY SCIENCE

 

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ABSTRACT 

This study was carried out in order to determine the factors militating against the effective teaching of science in some selected school in Egor Local Government Area of Edo State. It was born out of the fact that science teaching in primary schools is highly neglected. The investigation so far carried out covers four primary schools in the locality. The findings were based on four basic research questions. (1) Lack of laboratories and lack of instructional materials (2) Pupils attitude towards the subject (science) affects their performance (3) Teachers teaching methods in science affect pupils performance (4) Teachers qualification also affect the pupils performance in science, From the research question it was discovered that the following factors absence of laboratories and lack of instructional materials limited and incompetent teachers of the subject were found to be responsible for the inefficient teaching of science in schools.   

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

     When we look around we cannot but admire the work of science as the clothes we put on, the house we lives in, the pen use in writhing, the cooker we watch, the steer we play, the pipe borne water, the motor car we drive, the medicine we drink, the are propane that flies, the book we read, the chalk we write with, the industries we work in, the electricity we use e.t.c

      According to Joseph (1966) science is a perception of the mind where by an infinitive idea develops into a form that eventually beats man’s imagination and ingenuity

   Nigeria as a developing nation is not exempted from the for industrialization despite the country’s buoyancy in mineral resources, she is still learning from countries like united kingdom and united state of America the society is productively hand capped by low level of technology, yet Nigeria has a high taste for luxuries, hence cannot but learn from developed countries for commodes this so because she lack scientific inventions this has gone a long way to hamper the countries economic growth over the years in search of economical and technological satisfaction, Nigeria now encourages the study of science and technology in schools

    The national policy on education is now geared towards reflecting the nation need science is important in our modern industries, it is fundamental to boldly and mental health it has revolutionaries  our look on the universe, it has freed us from haunting fears and has influence our fundamental philosophies according to Abubakar (1972) “the pursuit of science is imperative for any nation that want to maintain its independence and sovereignty, ensure growing prosperity and hold up its ahead among civilized nations” science has come to stay in this country but the way and manner it is taught has a lot to do in teaching any particular subjects a number of strategies or methodology are often employed according to Thompson (1962) “teaching are those techniques used by the teacher as the most efficient means of achieving the teaching goals”

    In the Nigeria national policy on education (1981) it stated that school education should “equip pupils to live attentively in our modern age of science and technology” in accordance with this aim of education, Boge (1979) has his to say, “in an era that is most accurately described by its scientific and technological process, one major educational problem is preparing the young people to cope with the intellectual and cultural environment characterized by rapid changes” in order for pupils to understand this rapidly, scientific and technological society, it is assumed that these young people should have some basic understanding for the science

     Experimental science is one of the most recently included subject content of the curriculum science it inclusion, science has continued to occupy its separate place and some time, it is of ten neglected in some schools even where the various branches of science are taught they are done without regard for the basic requirement needed in spite of the effort made during the present decade by the federal and state government of Nigeria to give science subject their role in education note much has been achieved in some selected schools in Egor Local Government Area of Edo state the effect of the deficiency in teaching science in schools are particularly evident in developing countries such as Nigeria

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

(1)      To which extent has the number of pupils per class in Nigeria which is too unwieldy affect the effective teaching of science

(2)      In what way does in adequate use of specimens material and diagrams makes ineffective the teaching of science

(3)      Could lack of improvised teaching and by teacher cause ineffective teaching which lead to the pupils poor performance in science

(4)      Can bad attitude of teachers towards work affect the effective teaching of science

(5)      Could lack of practical work causes ineffective teaching of science

RESEARCH QUESTION

(1)      How does lack of laboratories and lack of instructional material affect the effective teaching of science?

(2)      How does pupil’s attitude towards the subject (science) affect their performance in the teaching of science?

(3)      Does teacher’s qualification also affect pupils performance in effective teaching of science/

(4)      How teacher dose’s teaching methods in science affects pupil’s performance ineffective teaching of science?

 HYPOTHESIS

The ineffective teaching of science schools is brought by several factors the researcher has it in mind that the factors listed below could be responsible for it

(1)      Lack of laboratories and lack of instructional materials

(2)      Pupils attitude towards the subject (science) affects their performance

(3)      Teacher’s qualification also affect the pupils performance in science

(4)      Teacher’s teaching method in science affect pupils performance

(5)      With answers to the above, the researcher has it in mind that there is going to be a total change in the teaching of science

PURPOSE OF STUDY

The purpose of this study is to find out the problem militating against the teaching of science the schools

SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY

The teaching of science has not been as effective as it output to be is easily of pupils in schools it is therefore necessary to diagnose the various factors responsible for this unheeding state of affairs and proper means by which the anomalies could be arrested

   The importance of science in the life of man need to be over emphasized therefore if the subject is note effectively taught, the rudiment that are necessary for development of the basic concept of science would be lacking at the primary schools level and this could permeate the other state of the nation’s educational level it is believed that the importance of science is well under stood and all the factors responsible for it’s unhealthy development are quickly nipped on the bud it would be possible to build a science culture oriented society which will augur well for the healthy development of the nation

CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF DROPOUT AMONG STUDENTS

 

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The purpose of this study is to find out the high incidence of school dropout in recent times. A study was conducted in Owan Local Government Area of Edo state. The study was conducted to find out the locality. On analysis of data collected from respondents, it was discovered that the cause and effect of school dropout in Owan Local Government Area includes, a. home background {broken homes, dearth, poverty, unhealthy human relation} b. School environment {peer group, indiscipline, poor classroom interaction}. c. Society {poor parental care, cultism immaturity} d. Personal factor {health, accident and self concept}. Base on the finding of this research, the following recommendations were made, 1. Government should provide guidance and counselling to students in the area. 2. Teacher and parents should co-operate to discipline the students. 3. Cultism should be abolished. 4. Good health facilities should be provided.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

In the ancient time, we have formal or traditional educational system which Nigerian’s or indigenous people used to educate their own children this is what has been called occupational education before the coming of the Europeans and their western education to Nigerian.

The purpose of this type of education was to make the young ones grow up in such a way that, they will understand the society into which they were born, acquired the knowledge, skill understand the attitude and appreciate the culture.  However the general education sill have area of specialization which includes palm fruit, hunting, carpentering, etc.

As a result of the missionary activities in Nigeria, a formal type of education was established with the aim of training people who can read, understand and interpret the bible.  The aim also was to produce people who would be of service too the member of the trinity of colonialism and church.  The white collar jobs which the formal education provided, made many citizen to attend schools, some of them did not complete their educational career due to economics, social and physical handicaps which will be exhaustively dealt with in subsequent chapters.

Every year a great number of students dropout of school due to some factors such as ill health, attitude of teacher and peer group influence. Those who drooped out of school constitute nuisance in the society. They can either be found roaming in the street or seeking for opportunity to steal. However a lot of these dropouts involves themselves in crimes and eventually end up in prison and in extreme cases executed for armed robbery offence.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

          In carrying out this study, it is necessary to identify the possible causes and effect of school dropout among students of College of Education, Ekiadolor-Benin include:-

1.           Financial problem could hamper schooling.

2.           Loss of parents or sponsor could hinder school

3.           Unhealthy human relationships in school, quarrel, hatred, fighting etc can cause dropout among College of Education Students.

4.           Low mental ability can make a student to dropout of school.

PURPOSE OF STUDY

1.                 The researcher work has as its main objective the causes and effect of school dropout among students of College of Education.

2.                 The researcher wants to know the problem face by students in school which lead to dropout.

3.                 The researcher wants to find solution to the problems of school dropout among College of Education

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

          The significance is that, it will help us to produce manpower needed in our society and also how to minimize the causes and effect of dropout in secondary school.

RESEARCH QUESTION

          To provide solution to the stated problem, the following research questions, were put forward:

1.                 Do students dropout because of financial problem to meet their basic needs?

2.                 Does broken home cause students to dropout of students from school?

3.                 Does poor students and teacher’s relationship cause school dropout?

4.                 To what extent does participation in secret cults cause dropout in secondary school?