ANALYSIS OF THE CAUSES OF POOR PERFORMANCE IN BUSINESS STUDIES

 

 

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       ABSTRACT

This study was undertaken to look into the problems affecting teaching and learning in business studies in junior secondary schools Nigeria. This investigation however, revealed amongst other following lack of teaching facilities and instructional materials, lack of guidance and counselling, lack of school library, lack of workshops in schools for typing and lack of qualified teachers handling business studies. The following recommendations were made based on the findings. the students should be encouraged and motivated to cultivate positive attitude and interest in the subject enough skilled manpower should be developed, school should endeavour to stock variety of typewriters and shorthand textbooks their libraries and other necessary teaching aids such as the chalk board and charts.

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

        During the colonial era education was mostly in the hands of the missionaries who introduced a type of education known as the Latin grammar. The grammar schools offer very little subject based on the types of curriculum specified by colonial masters and by the agency establishing them, which is the introduction of their educational system and also incorporate into their ideas and opinions.

        The main objectives of the missionaries were to train men and women for the church as a religions teacher, interpreters to the audience and government as well as to produce those who can read and write so that they can be employed as office clerk, the interpreting the build and the laws of the land and services as interpreter between the foreigners and the natives.

        Generally, the content of the grammar schools curriculum consist of Latin, English, history, geography, mathematics. Literature, biology e.t.c with the development of their (colonial masters) economy, there came the need for introduction of commercial or business studies subjects, but instead of widening the scope of grammar school curriculum to include a wide range of business studies subject, the colonial government created two curriculums which are secondary grammar school and the secondary commercial schools.

        The secondary grammar schools have no problem of organization because the colonial government financed them roam catholic mission Anglican and the Baptist each propagating their own ideas and the philosophies. The commercial secondary schools were left for the private hands and this did not anger well for the development of the school in Nigeria. However, the Nigerian government introduced the new national policy on education in 1981. A major provision of this policy was the teaching of business studies at the junior secondary school level with emphasis on the acquisition of practical skills, values and knowledge that would enable individuals to live a meaningful life in he society one the reasons for the emphasis laid on business studies is the fact that it is a skilled subjects with would equip its graduates with the needed skills for gainful employment

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

        It is true that the teaching of business studies subjects in Nigeria secondary schools. However, the main aim of this researcher is to investigate the causes of poor performance in business studies and also to suggest reasonably answers to such problems as:

1.   How effective is the teaching method teaching facilities and instructional material.

2.   Are there well equipped laboratories for learning type writer and short hand?

3.   Are there qualified teachers handing the subject.

4.   In what way is the government contributing to the causes of poor performance studies in junior secondary certificate examination.

5.   Is there guidance/counseling aids for the students?

Even if they terminate their formal education at the junior secondary school level one basic instrument for the achievement of business studies is the total activity which is planned organized and the evaluated in order to prepare youths to meet the technical and economical of a complex society.

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

        In this study, the purpose will be to examine the causes of poor performance in junior secondary school students in business students in business studies and to suggest solutions by using selected junior secondary schools in Benin City, Benin metropolis of Edo state the purpose will there includes.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

        This type of study is too significantly at this period of technological advancement, it will be very useful to the educational authorities in Benin metropolis in Nigeria in general.

        The causes identified will be useful to the curriculum developers to know the areas in which emphasis should be laid in Benin to yield better result in future.

        Infact, it will be equally helpful to the examiners who not only shall modify their style of questions but will also be careful of these factors.

        Finally, it is helped that recommendation and suggestion and suggestions made in the study will be considered by the appropriate authority and will help in reducing poor performance in business studies subject.    

SCOPE OF THE STUDY

a.   The study covers public secondary schools in Benin metropolis of Edo state.

b.   To provide orientation and basic skills which to start a life for those who not have the opportunities to undergo further training.

c.   To enable the students develop the basic skill in office work.

d.   To provide skills for personate use in future.

e.   To relate the knowledge and skills to the national economy.

The researcher aggress with the aims stated above for any education that prepare students for future training and basic skills with which to start up with reliant, with the near national policy on educational emphasis

EFFECT OF DRUG ABUSE AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOLS STUDENTS

 

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This project was designed to find out the effect of drug abuse on the academic performance of students in Ese Odo Local Government Area in selected secondary school. However, five schools were treated. The major instrument for data collection was the questionnaires and it contains the question which require the respondents asked about the effect of drug abuse on the academic performance of students. Hundred questionnaires was distributed among students in the secondary school of Ese Odo Local Government Area of Ondo State. Percentage calculations were used to analyze the data. One of the recommendations, it is therefore, argued that greater professional commitment and efficiency on the part of teachers, parents, and individuals in the performance of their job will help to reduce drug abuse on the academic performance of students.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

       The effect of drug abuse on the academic performance of students in selected in secondary school are the overtaking of drug by the students in secondary school.

       According to the oxford advanced learners dictionary 6^th edition said dry is an illegal substance that some peoples e.g. smoking and injection e.t.c to give them pleasant or exciting feelings. It is a substance used as a medicine used in a medicine or used in a medicine. Why abuse is the use of something in a way that is wrong or harmful, it is something that is unfair, cruel or violent treatment of some body. It can also be the rude offensive remarks, usually made when somebody is very angry. Therefore drug abuse is the use of drug above the prescribed dosage and for the purpose other than the original prescription it is the taking of drug without medical or professional advice or directions.

       Drug on its own is a chemical that influences or modifies the action of body’s own chemistry in order words, it is any substance which when taken modifies the body function. Unfortunately most people ignore such medical advice or direction or direction by indulging in drug abuse or misuse.

       Drug abuse is also refers to the use of usually by self administration or any drug a manner that deviate from approved medical pattern or with a given culture, in which cause the use of medically prescribed drugs such as barbiturate to induce sleep in permissible but the school administration of the amount of barbiturate to induce Dulphoria in social situation would be abuse of drug. Drugs mainly abused are, stimulants like Amphamine, sedative and Tranquilizers like Barbiturates, valium, and mandrase Hauvelnogens Ukeheroin. These drugs do not only have mild altering capacity but they may often be physically harmful.

       Man has displayed remarkable ingenuity in finding drugs, which produce actions on the central nervous system. Primitive actions on the central nervous system. Primitive people recognize the use of tobacco, sedative India hemp, cocoa leaves e.t.c to provide pleasure relief of pain fatigue and hunger.

       With increasing civilization drug abuse has became a serious of problem among student in some selected secondary school in Egor Local Government Area and the society at large.

       One general notes drugs are abuses or misused because they altar the made of behavior of the individual. It abuses positive effect.

       There this case of a J.S.S two (2) students in Adolor Secondary School which of course led to the writer to carry out this research in some selected secondary school in Ese Odo Local Government Area of Ondo State. Can be used to make example of some popular effect of drug abuse. It was told that this very boy was sick having some symptoms of weakness from home and he become restless when he was a questioned be confirmed that he took five (5) Panadol from were this mother keeps her drugs on her behalf resulted to his abnormal behavior. It was the principal of the school with health teacher that now quickly took this child to the hospital were he was given some medical treatment by the doctor that helped to arrest the unusual situation and results of doctor confirmed over dosage or drugs.

       In a few weeks later, (roughly month) there was another case of senior secondary schools (S.S.S3) student of the same school. This boy was told, smoking Indian hemp and started behaving in a most abnormal manner. Apart from that disturbing the school with all kinds of shout and fighting with his classmates. The boy reuse to ever recognize the presence of the authority as he boasted to the principal that nothing can make him stop what he was doing.

       It therefore took the effect of the police and other member of staff of bundle the boy away from the school.

       Other effect or drug could be mental problems, trembling hands damage of heart and also profound sweating and headaches. All these side effects have along way to affect the excellent performance of the children in school.

       The Lagos weekend (1987) revealed that the real problems was for as drug abuse is concerned lies within individual family, unless parents themselves live up to their family obligation the use of drugs abuse is far from near.

       Also the report further disclosed the cooperative effort of the family could off set much bad behavior encountered by their children outside.

       Parents as well as guardians and teachers as character molders have a major role to play in the general up bringing of a child. When they discover that a child is already playing with drugs, they should make the child realize the effects of taking drugs closer attention should be paid on the child’s welfare through monitoring the child’s activities and the type of friends the child moves with or keep with the family as launching base, the war on drug abuse could then be entered to the large society with effective programme base upon accurate information. It will require education of the public at large preventing camp aligns and the willingness of all to face every aspect of drug abuse.

       Therefore, the excellent performance of children in school could be highly promoted if the above listed measures ate taken to eradicate the effects of drug abuse in schools and society at large.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

       Drug abuse has been observed to be rampant among secondary school students in Ese Odo Local Government Area of Ondo State.

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

       What motivated the researcher to write this project or topic is to investigate the effect of drug abuse on the academic performance of students in selected secondary school in Ese Odo Local Government Area of Ondo State.

        The researcher will investigate the content of following sub problems.

1.  To find out if the students of these selected secondary schools understand the meaning of drug abuse.

2.  To ascertain the various methods of ways adopted by families and teachers in controlling drug abuse.

3.  To find out whether some unpleasant actions has resulted from drug among the students of these schools.

4.  To explain why students abuse drugs.

RESEARCH QUESTIONS

       In other to achieved meaningful result, the following research questions have been tentatively drawn as a measure to guide the researcher to carryout these researches of the question formulated are;

1.  Does drug abuse lead to truancy among secondary school students?

2.  Does drug abuse lead to students disobeying school rules and regulations?

3.  Will drug abuse cause or make parents of students to stop financing their children education?

4.  Drug abuse leads to sexual promiscuity among students?

5.  Do drug abuses make students to take deviant behavior, which affects them and others?

6.  Does drug abuse affect student’s academic performance?

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

       The importance of carrying out this study is to carry out this is that it could serve as reading text to many who want to gain deeper knowledge about causes, effects and control of drug abuse.

       The study will encourage the people of Ese Odo Local Government Area of Ondo State, to establish drug rehabilitation centered with the help of the ministry of health drug and role parents and teachers play to prevent it abuse.

SCOPE OF STUDY

       This project work covers five schools in Ese Odo Local Government Area of Ondo State. these schools include:

–      Ijaw National high Schol

–      Arogbo City Academy

–      Okhuban High School

–      Ukparame Grammar School and

–      Biagbiri Community Grammar School 

LEVEL OF AWARENESS AND ATTITUDES OF STUDENTS TOWARDS HIV/AIDS

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ABSTRACT

The purpose of this research work was to examine the level of awareness and attitude of students towards HIV/AIDS in Ovia North East Local Government Area of Edo State. The research instrument used was the questionnaires, 200 respondents were used for the study. From the data collected the following finding were revealed that although many students have heard of HIV/AIDS as a dreaded killer diseases, only few of them know the causes of HIV/AIDS. Some of the students lack adequate information on the mode of transmission of the diseases there is poor role of the secondary schools in HIV/AIDS education of student’s lack of sex education in the school curriculum. Parents shy away from their responsibility in educating their children about their body chemistry. Lastly lack of awareness campaign about HIV/AIDS based on these findings the following recommendations were made: Government should encourage the introduction of sex education in the College of Education Ekiadolor-Benin school curriculum. Government and non-governmental organizations should put in more efforts on awareness campaign program. Government should organize seminars, workshops based on the mode of transmission of HIV among students, which will enable them to know that is their responsibility to educate their children about their body chemistry.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1     BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

HIV/AIDS has created a major health and social problems which has estimated to threaten the survival of individuals in most countries. In Nigeria HIV/AIDS situation is generally pathetic issues particularly the increasing rate of HIV/AIDS infection and death among students in Benin City which is the chief concern of this research. HIV/AIDS was first officially reported in San Francisco in June 1981 by doctors from Los Angeles who discovered the strange disease fundamentally among male students who were homosexuals and intravenous drugs users.

The disease is prevalent among homosexual because it is commonly found in the blood and homosexual engaged in anal sex which causes rectal bleeding that make transmission take place. most researcher believe that human beings acquired HIV/AIDS through different means. Several schools of taught which are idealism =, behaviorism and pragmatism et arose concerning the causes of HIV/AIDS is caused by a virus known as T-Lymphotrophic virus type III (HTL II) or AIDS related virus (ARV) infection of this virus does not always lead to Aid preliminary in good health other may develop illness varying severity from mild to extremely serious. The virus that subsequently lead to Aid diseases is called Human Immune Deficiency Virus (HIV). According to population report 2007 of the Joint United Programme for HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) which show approximately 20,000 new cases of HIV infected occur per day globally, 50% of this are among young people 30% of over sixty million people living with HIV/AIDS are within the age bracket of 15 to 30 years. Population report (2001) Africa is the epic center of the pander because of it has felt the greatest of AIDS where of Africa constituted only 13.2% of world population it account for 69.2% i.e. about (2/3) of world HIV/AIDS cases.    

By the year 2007, 2.3 million Africa out of 36.1 million world wide have been infected (W.H.O.) AIDS is the fourth leading cause of death in the world wide number of one cause of death in Sub Sahara Africa in this region2 million death as result of AIDS was recorded for the year 2007 which make 80% of the total world wide population those infected with HIV/AIDS and Nigeria as a populous country is not excluded.

In Nigeria HIV/AIDS situation is getting worst a a result of ignorance, denial stigmatization and unsaved sexual practice. Vulnerability to HIV/AIDS is increased by social factors such as moral decadence, conflict, inequality, and inadequate health care system and poverty.  Ragging from research activities like huge financially having been invested by individual, local committee medical experts governmental organization to fight against the spread of the view and to take care of the people living with HIV/AIDS.       The use of anti-retroviral drugs, use of micro biocide (for vaginal or erectal administration). Effective sex education, family life education (FLE) are all target campaigns against the killer disease HIV/AIDS. However, in many developing countries like Nigeria Aids remain a rising epidemic where there is inadequate knowledge about Hiv status indulge in HIV/AIDS friendly behaviour and illicit prenatal and unprotected sexual activities at an alarming rate. Whether in school or at home, the age of which most Nigerian students have their first sexual experience is increasing and also the rate of their promiscuity. As a result of the problem of lack of awareness mentioned above the study is undertaking to explain the phenomenon of HIV/AIDS, and way to spread and to create awareness on the risk danger severity and consequences of being infected with HIV/AIDS since Aids has remain on incurable disease.

Students can reduce their risk of exposure to HIV/AIDS by modifying and changing their sexual attitude and behaviour.

1.2     STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS

A lot of work has been done about Aids especially in terms of prevention and finding a cure, non governmental organization and governmental organization have put so much financial human materials resources in the war against Aids inspite of this the disease has continued to spread at an alarming rate and Africa countries recorded the greatest number of Hiv infections and death. The United Nation (UN) estimated that 34.3 million in the world have Aids more than 50% higher than what the world health organization global programme projected in 2002 with 24.3 million of them in sub-Saharan Africa Sampont, 2008

Everyone is vulnerable to HIV/AIDS infections but it has been observed that adolescent and youth are more vulnerable, this is true in most developed and under developed countries from a substantial point of view todays students are under greater peril of HIV/AIDS, STDs and Aids control agency estimate that more than 60% of new cases of HIV/AIDS infections occurs in youth between the age bracket of 13-17 years, this is because students are becoming sexually active and having multiple sexual partners and their vulnerable misconception about course and consequence of the risk severity of  the disease. Another issue to be considered is that parents shy away from educating their children sexually, and this type of education may not be in school curriculum which makes most students at risk as a result of ignorance? Not only this many affluent and poor young students with insufficient parental nurture and guidance because parent spend most of their time for mix of survival.

Some students lack adequate and proper knowledge about this disease and their own development and its implication through the lack of awareness about protective and provisional health and how to utilize this service and this is attributed to the medical institutional effect today in Nigeria and turn lead to considerable negative aspect such as socio-economic on the students, family and society at large. This implies that if there is awareness and knowledge of consequence of HIV/AIDS among  students the high prevalent could be reduces and students will embrace preventive behavioural change since the students have the right to speak specifically in this HIV/AIDS era.

1.3     PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

The purpose of the study are:

i.            To access the level of awareness and knowledge about HIV/AIDS among students.

ii.           To determine the attitude of students towards people living with HIV/AIDS

iii.         To enlighten all students about the right to protect themselves against HIV/AIDS.

iv.         To inculcate into students the important routes through which proper information about sex, sexuality reproduction and human disease are made available.    

1.4     RESEARCH QUESTIONS

Based on the above assumptions, the following research question will be tested

i.            What is the level of awareness of students on the mode of transmission of Aids?

ii.           What is the source of information on Aids among students?

iii.         What is the perception of students towards HIV/AIDS?

iv.         What is the attitude of students about HIV/AIDS?

v.          Does cultural and religions influences make you to lack proper information about HIV/AIDS.  

1.5     SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

Every students, lecturer, staff and non-academic staff is venerable to HIV/AIDS which has considerable negative affects of an individual, family and society at large.

Naturally a great deal of pressure is on the researcher to find out how all categories of person can be protected from HIV/AIDS infection. The problem of HIV/AIDS is not only a medical issue but also a social issue since it affect the entire society as a whole. No disease can be effectively study outside social condition or without adequate information about social factors.  

1.6     SCOPE OF THE STUDY

This study will be carried out among students in Ovia North East in Benin City, Edo State. The range age of the population to be studied is between seventeen to twenty five include male and female students in different departments. The study is an assessment of the level of HIV/AIDS awareness and their knowledge leading to attitude behavioural change. 

COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN FINANCING PRIMARY EDUCATION

 

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ABSTRACT

The success of my educational system is a collective responsibility of every component of the system in service to the organization, the successes of Nigeria primary education is hinged in cooperation between individual, parents, community and government, the position of primary education is very imperative and today the local community has bluntly refused to cooperate and participate in the financing the crucial level of education but leave it at the mercy of the government. It is in the predicament that this study is designed to investigate the extent of the community participation in the south west local government area of Edo State. It is in this search light that structure questionnaire twenty items was designed especially on area of focus and administered on a number of people in randomly selected in the area of study. How the finding are revealed that: 1. Primary school in Nigeria is not properly financed as government is the only major source of finance. 2. Local communities do not cooperate with the government in financing the crucial level of education since the whole system in confronted with insufficient fund. Moreover, the investigation is of the opinion that; a. There is urgent need for joint participation of local community’s voluntary agencies and individual for effective performance and management of primary education in Nigeria. b. Government should therefore seek for alternative source of finding primary education as try to evolve a participation policy in finding education in Nigeria.

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

          There is gainsaying the fact that education is very vital to the peace of socials, political and economic development of any nation. This is why most nations of the world strive to devote a sizable proportion of their cross national income into developing the educational sector.

          According to world bank (2002) in Nigeria between 7.6% and 7.9% of our annual expenditure is devoted to education” management of primary education refer to the process of planning, directing, staffing, coordinating, budgeting for reporting our primary education system.

          Primary education in Nigeria refers to the education which children receive from the age of 6 years to 11 years plus. It the foundation level of the educational system which runs for six years and it is aimed at developing basic literacy numeracy, communication skills and transmission of the culture of the people to younger generation.

          The federal government of Nigeria has taken the responsibility of financing education in Nigeria alone, it has dissolved other source of finance and latter have them seen education as a national duty to be perform. However, community, individual and organization in the financing of education but this is not true in the real sense since government have taken over primary schools completely from voluntary agencies embarking on a laudable programme such as U.P.E and carryout the wages in school alone without a slighted resources other source.

          Although this government hold step was highly appreciated. It did not last long as a result of the economic recession brought about by deprecation of oil price in the world market government do not find it simple to bring in community to participate in financing education and the financial aspect of education is one of the major problem facing educational development in Nigeria.

          Before now, education in Nigeria has passed through some certain stage of development before the advent of formal education. Nigeria use to have indigenous system of education which involves the participation which involves the participation of all members of the communities. The western kind of education was introduction an country this education was welcome by the local communities because it create room for their participation of the local communities hence the members of the missions. When government assured the full control of education responsibility, all alone with financing it with oil money the participation of local communities were not encouraged and this enhance distortion to the entire educations system.

          But note, before this assumption of schools by the government, the voluntary agencies such as Christian, Muslim and other organization were these responsible for education. The communities were not left out their effort in participating for the financing of education, some events beyond construction of schools, staff rooms for the teachers. A case in point is that of Iguogun primary school Iguogun in Ovia South West Local Government Area of Edo State. Where communities did participate in the construction of school and even the staff rooms for the teachers.

          The efforts were focus towards government of education in these days before the take over by the government. But now the area of government expenditure is widened and the economic of the nation is in state of paralysis. In their regard the strength of government to provide the necessary schools materials is weak, now the government sick for alternative of sharing the responsibilities with other source of income.

          Sincerely speaking, there is no head hidden in the fact that Nigeria schools are below standard of normalcy in view of scarcity of resource to finance their schools and its facility are out of use and irregular payment of teacher salaries. It the predicament that government transformed the funding and administration of primary education to local government has generated a lot of difficulties in the educational sector because; the local government could not afford to shoulder this responsibilities of primary schools. Primary education is left unconcerned for since federal government couldn’t make authentic policy statement about whose responsibility is it to handle this important level of education and this has been the problem since till date.

          Now, the primary education is been handle by the federal government but things are not done in a normal ways, this research therefore set act to analysis the community participation in primary school administration in Ovia South West Local Government.

 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

          In the time past, analysis has shown that primary education is in a great predicament in Nigerian because of the ability of the federal government to seek for alternative source of founding education especially from the local communities, voluntary organization, individuals and philanthropists even though it has been ascertain that government alone cannot provide necessary or required materials. This has infant thrown the teaching and leaning situation in primary school into a sad condition were unrest in this order of the day.

          Ovia South West Local Government has part of this larger society (Nigeria) has her own share of their problem, and even presents a complex and peculiar situations for instance the teachers salaries are not pay regularly, the teaching and learning situation are jeopardized, the materials needed for teaching are not available, the school building are out dated (dilapidated) and the management of primary school in a state of confusion due to lack of participation of the communities in the financing of primary school system.

          Education serve as a major role or therefore necessary for the communities to contribute or rather participate adequately in the financing of primary schools especially at the level of the primary schools education as the bedrock on which the progress or failure of the whole nation hope on.

RESEARCH QUESTION

          The following are to be answered extensively as they will throw more light on the extent while primary education can be encouraged in Nigeria as a whole of Ovia South West in particular:

1.    Does availability of instructional materials and other classroom essential facilities have any effect on the standard of primary education in Nigeria today?

2.    To what extent will communities’ participation in funding primary education help in improving education of our pupils?

3.    To what extent can the joint participation between the government and local communities enhance primary school?

4.    To what extent will community involvement enhance the management of primary schools facilities and funds?

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

          The research work is purposefully set out to investigate analysis and examine the point in which community participation in financing education in Ovia South West Local Government Area. It is a wide open and clear that the financial burden of the primary education in Nigeria at large, Ovia South West precisely cannot be over look and it cannot be left for the local government alone or else the primary education will decay and then the entire nation will collapses.

          Also, the study will also help to correct the following standard of primary education y encouraging and challenging both individual, voluntary agencies and local government/communities to reconsider response to pounding basic facilities and adequate financial and adequate financial predicament.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

          The need for education in our society and nation at large cannot be over emphasized because it make the people easy read but difficulties to rive, easy to govern but impossible to sustain throughout this research work we shall no the extent to which the people of the land have satisfied the extent to which the people of the land have satisfied the above statement.

          Again Ovia South West Local Government has no record about its literacy of educational programme. Therefore it is important to carry out these types of study as it will be useful to educational planners and organizers of the various educational programmes of local government in particular.

          The greatest problem that our education programmes have been experiencing till today is lack of sufficient fund to carry out educational programmes already planned activities.

          Then what shall we do to remedy this highly situation? This research work will suggest adequate solution which will be of interest to those concerned with education development plans.

 

 

SCOPE OF THE STUDY

This study is geared towards investigating the role of community participation in financing primary Education. Mean while this impediment of communities not participating in this financing of primary education can be observed throughout the state and country at large however this research work is specked to primary schools in Ovia South west Local Government and it is restricted to some village under Ovia South West Local government area of Edo state known as Iguobazuwa, Umaza and Iguogun presidely.

INFLUENCE OF PEER GROUP ON THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS

 

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ABSTRACT This study was designed and carried out to find out the influence of peer groups on the academic performance of secondary school students. To achieve this purpose, for research questions were formulated. Does peer group influence have great on the academic performance of students? Does peer influence have any effect on academic performance of children from broken homes? Does peer influence have any effect on academic performance of children from broken homes? Does peer influence have varied effects on the academic performance of male and female students? Does age determine the extent of peer group influence of academic performance of students? The research instrument used to elicit responses for the purpose of this study was the questionnaire made up of four sections. The population sample was taken from four (4) secondary schools in Oredo Local Government Area of Edo State and the findings of this research study were. Peer group influence has significant effect on the academic performance of secondary school students.

 

Peer influence has significantly varied effects on the academic performance of male and female students. Peer influence has significant effect on the academic performance of children from broken homes. Age has significant effect on the extent to which peer group influence affect academic performance of students. It is concluded that peer group have influence on the academic performance of secondary school students especially at the developmental years of adolescent. It is recommended that the school in general should ensure that there is a guidance and counselling serve within its environment to help and assist children being negatively influenced by peers and also, children students with peculiar problems especially those from broken home as they have been observed to conform more to peer pressure as compared to others from stable homes.  

CHAPTER ONE

 1.0     INTRODUCTION

1.1     BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY    

    The oxford advanced learners dictionary (2001) defined peer group as a group of people of same age or social status. The peer group is the first social group outside the home in which the child attempts to gain acceptance and recognition. Peer group is an important influence throughout one’s life but they are more critical during the developmental years of childhood and adolescence. Adolescents always emulate their mates in whatever form of behaviour they exhibit, particularly that which interest them thus, since socialization only refer to changes in behaviour, attitudes having their origin in interaction with other persons and those which occur through integration, a child learn more through interaction with peers.       

 

Socialization being a life-long process cannot be limited to the family members alone. As a child grows older and more matured, it become more necessary for the external bodies to be involved in his/her life. The family is not expected to provide all the education required by the growing child. The school which is an established academic institution in which the behaviour of an individual is sharpened to get him/her equipped for occupational socialization. In the school system, the child gets into the social group of “like minds” and interest. As a result of the various attitudes, skills, knowledge is acquired through role-play. Peer group as an agent of socialization is the most important socializing is the most important socializing agent for the developing child. Peer group is the pivot of social change and during interaction peers; the child’s life is transformed from the helpless child into a mature adult.      

 

      Each peer group has its code of conduct which does not always conform to adult standards. The important thing is that each child takes his/her membership of the per very serious and attempts to do anything to ensure he/she is accepted and recognized. Lack of acceptance by t he peer disturbs the child especially at adolescent age. Some children have been known to do badly in school not because they lack the academic ability to do well but because they are disturbed by the fact they are not accepted by their peer group. What makes learning comparative is the fact that the child has equal status with the other children. There is an atmosphere of freedom in which each child learns the way of the world from others. The peer group thus becomes more and more important to the child as he advances in age. Other ways in which the peer group can help the child include, teaching the culture of the society at large, making possible social mobility, providing opportunity for the child to play many social roles such as that of a leader, a follower, teacher or student. The peer group also help the child to win his/her independence easily from domination and set before him a goal which is more easily attainable than the expectation of adults. This in itself provides motivation for learning and is mainly responsible for the fact that all children at one stage or the other regard their membership of peer group as very important.           When the family is not supportive for instance, if the parents work extra jobs and are largely unavailable, their children may turn to their peer for emotional support. This also occur when the conflict between parents and children during adolescence or at any stage during a child’s development becomes so great that the child feels pushed away and seeks company elsewhere. Most children and adolescents in this position do not discriminate about the kind of group they join. They will often turn to a group simply because the group accepts them even if the group is involved in negative tendency (Peter Smith and Anthony Pellegrini, 2001). The need for affection or closeness is often greater than the need to do the right thing. For some adolescents who feel isolated and abandoned by members of their family being part of a peer group provides such individual with acceptance and security not available at home. In the Nigerian society today, the influence of peer group cannot be over emphasized in a child’s life most especially child education. Peer group has in one way or the other influenced the life of children both academically, socially, morally, psychologically and otherwise.

 

helps just like any other agent of school students in Oredo Local Government Area of Edo State. Socialization such as family, religion, mass media, and school among others help in modifying the behaviour of the child. In conclusion, therefore the influence of peer group on the academic performance of secondary school students cannot be over emphasized. The peer group forms the main basis through which the child learns lot of empirical facts about his physical and social environment, acquisition of skills and value as well as attitude for a better future. 

 

1.2     STATEMENT OF PROBLEM      

  Children socialize with the people with when they associate. Through interaction over many years, acceptable social customs are taught and fostered. Other children as well as adults can have a great impact on a broad range of issues in the child’s life including achievement in schools. The research is geared towards having a proper understanding of the way social interaction affect academic achievement and it is very important for parents, educators, and policy makers. The immediate environment such as peer, family, school, religion and other factors can encourage or discourage students academic performance. This research is thus an inquiry into the influence of peer group on the academic performance of secondary school students in Oredo Local Government Area of Edo State.

 

1.3     OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY     

   The objectives of this study include:

1. 1.  To investigate whether peer group affect the academic performance of adolescent.
2. 2.  To determine whether peer influence has any effect on academic performance of children of children from broken homes.
3. 3.  To find out whether peer influence determines variation in academic performance of male and female students.
4. 4.  To investigate whether age does determine the extent to which peer influence affects academic performance of students. 

1.4     RESEARCH QUESTIONS   

     To guide this study, the following research questions were formulated

1. 1.  Does peer group influence have great effect on the academic performance of students?
2. 2.  Does peer influence have any effect on academic performance of children from broken homes?
3. 3.  Does peer group influence have varying effects on academic performance of male and female students?
4. 4.  Does age determine the extent of peer group influence on academic performance of students? 

1.5     SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY      

  The research work is carried out to examine critically the influence of peer group on the academic performance in selected secondary schools in Oredo Local Government Area of Edo State. information gathered from this work is pertinent and will go along way in unveiling the influence of peer group on the academic performance of students. The importance of this study is to know whether peer group has any influence on the academic performance of a child as well as making an effect to strike a balance in the educational system in line with the national policy on education. This study will also provide an insight into the impact of peer group on academic performance of adolescents.