EFFECT OF MOTIVATION ON THE PERFORMANCE OF TEACHERS IN SOME SELECTED SECONDARY SCHOOL

 

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ABSTRACT

Attempt has been made in this study to examine the effects of motivation on the performance of teachers, a case study of some selected secondary schools in Oredo Local Government Area, Edo State. The hypothesis gotten from this research work shows that there are many causes of low performance of teachers but motivation serve as the main factor. The questionnaires were administered and collected immediately. The population for the study is some selected secondary schools in Oredo Local Government Area Edo State. The data collected were analyzed with the percentages method.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

        The teaching profession previously was accorded with respect, honor and dignity. This enviable profession was a sort of motivation to many teachers. Also not only afford life career and permanent membership but also renders services to the public. It has code of ethics; the code of ethics for teachers is contained in the handbooks of the Nigeria union of teachers. They were revealed and give pride of place in the study. But recently, the government and all its organs neglect teachers and the educational sector, while motivation can be brought about by adequate remuneration, fringe benefits and recognition. They can also be made to occupy high social status in the society.

        However, in spite of the facts that this motivation was not really there, teachers still did their work conscientiously producing desired result. There is no doubt before 1980 teachers started to recognize their own worth and demand for their right when these was not forth coming their attitude to their work began to change and this was the beginning of the down word side in education in the country. It was also the beginning of industrial actions by teacher’s nationwide. From 1980 till date, the country had witnessed countless number of strikes and counters strikes as the many other establishments, strikes is a common action embarked upon by workers over the years. There have been wide spread concern on what teachers can do effectively and how this condition of services could be achieved, the resultant effect was a further determination of students performance. This has been the major concern of the researcher who has decided to find out.

        According to Nwanchukwu (1990) it is a fact that frown both the lay man and expert point of view the level of performance in way organization are remunerated and other monetary incentives. There is no other saying that the primary motive of investing is to meet the organization goals therefore there are certain factors which need to be considered in order to attain the above is the realization of objectives. Moreover, it is important to note that motivation is important if the desired level of performance would be attained. Thus the employers they should be aware that old methods of persuading society to produce the desired result. Therefore, it is necessary for employers of labour to be fully equipped with all the motivational tools and their applications if the stated organizational objectives would be activated. It is the hope and the belief of the researcher that if employers wants their employee to perform effectively they should reciprocate by providing the necessary incentives for examples newspaper, daily times in expressing the light of teachers work that it is totally unjustifiable and well reasonable to notice bond treatment towards teachers.

        Teachers arte the producers of the following bank manager, oil miners, judge, chief accountant, lawyers, senators, governors even the president. But it is the salary of the teachers that is always delayed and it is the arrears of salaries to teachers that are usually dumped in sides dustbins untouched at the school boards is in heaven. Thus they succeeded in maintaining and improving educational standard as by Ubjuke effective performance on the part of the employers is essential for the success of the organization. An understanding of what motivate individual is necessary to reveal and potential released.

        In the light of this problem the study is designed to assist measure and explain the performance of teachers, in some selected secondary schools in Oredo Local Government Area of Edo State. This study is interested in teachers as they occupy a significant role in the development of any country. It focuses on secondary school teachers who will be called upon the shoulders the responsibilities of seeing to the successful take off of introduced six years course in secondary schools. The teacher therefore needs to be lightly motivated for successful take off this performance.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS 

        This research aimed at finding out the causes and proposing solution on the problem of motivation of teachers. The problem will investigate into the salary of teachers and how often their salaries are paid in companies with other workers in the public sectors whether there is adequate facilities, including laboratory equipment, textbooks, adequate finance and conducive environment for teacher to carry out their job. Whether the nature and structure of job can act as a motivating factor and also what are the attitudes of teachers as regard remaining in the profession.

PURPOSE OF STUDY 

        Having stated the problem to be investigated in the study, it becomes imperative to state the purpose of this study. The purpose of the study is as follows:

1.           To find out the impact of the motivation on teachers performance

2.           To find out whether the proper use of motivation techniques have a positive or negative effects on the performance of teachers.

3.           To find out whether teachers in Edo State are presently satisfied with the condition of service.

4.           To find out whether financial incentives improve workers performance more than non-financial incentives.

5.           To find out the extent to which motivational determinants are in teaching profession whether the teacher in Edo State will quit teaching profession.

6.           To make recommendations to the government and appropriate authority concerned based on the findings of the study.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY 

        This research will enable those concerned know how to develop teaching profession in Nigeria and how to endure greater satisfaction in them.

        It will provide for an opportunity for enhancing the performance by understanding motivation, as to improve performance.

i.             It will provide for an opportunity for enhancing job performance by understanding motivation determinant and actions involved in them so as to improve performance.

ii.           As useful lesson to all that extensive control is not the best of b=obtaining effects and cooperation at work.

iii.         It will help to ascertain really motivate teachers apart from monetary rewards, such information will go a long way to suggest how best to improve the performance of productivity of teachers in Oredo Local Government Area of Edo State at large.

To give direction to the study the following research questions were formulated they are;  

1.           Are you satisfied with your present salary?

2.           Does increase in salaries motivate you?

3.           Is your salary the same with that of your counterpart in their profession?

4.           Is your salary paid regularly?

5.           Are you satisfied with the promotion of teachers in this local government?

EFFECT OF CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL ON THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS

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ABSTRACT

This research work has been designed to investigate the problems affecting classroom management and control and identify the solution facing the problem. This is to enable the researcher suggest measure that would solve the problem affecting classroom management and control. Chapter one, deals with the background purpose and significance of the study, in chapter two, the researcher carries out the literature review by reading book and browsing work relating to the problem of various writers and researcher and their opinion appears to level support to my findings, chapter three deals with the various techniques adopting in getting fact of the study. The use of questionnaire and interviewing methods were adopted to get the information required. The population of the study is made up of one hundred and twenty students and twenty teachers. Data collected from questionnaire were converted into figures and percentages which were arranged in tabular form. These were then discussed in chapter four and some recommendations were made by the researcher.

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF STUDY

This classroom management and control deals with how things are done. Its structure, procedure and routines to the point of becoming rituals

       When procedure are explained to and practiced by students it is periodically reinforced by practicing, classroom management and control.

When procedures are learned, practiced and reinforced, instructions becomes efficient.

       This is the foundation of any classroom management and is a prime responsibility of the teacher.

       Classroom management discipline is the responsibility of the student discipline has to do with appropriate behavior.

       To make classroom conducive for learning, the school is not to be focused on a view but rather being together contrasting opinion and attitudes so that the teacher can be given the way oe which it is to be based on his conclusion.

       When teacher takes up the role of discipline students, they deprive young people of the opportunity of becoming more responsible. A far more responsible. A far more effective approach is for students to develop procedures to help redirect irresponsible impulse. In addition, the usual approach is for adult to impose some of the punishment when this occurs, students have no ownership in the decision to a victim hood mentality and have negative feeling towards the imposers.

       There are some pointed out four rules of classroom management and these for rules can be applied in the classroom for effective teaching and learning they are:

RULE ONE: Get them In: – the process of getting them can be seen to involve the phrases of the very beginning of the classroom situation.

RULE TWO: Get on with it:  this refers to the main part of the lesson, the nature of content and the manner of its presentation

RULE THREE: Get on with them: here the teacher develops good relationship with their pupils, by fostering mutual and trust and respects. To do this sensitively, the mood of the class as whole.

       This obviously means knowing track of what is who/ whom on.

RULE FOUR: Get them out: optimistically, the teacher here consider two phrases of concluding a lesson and dismissing the class.

       Also this study will be of great help and immense benefit to the government and to the ministry of education whose primary objectives is to see students as the future teachers and leaders of tomorrow. It would also be a great significance to the ministry of education and teachers as well as their school authorities who deals directly with students on how to prevent classroom management problems among students in secondary school. On the other hand since continuous research is this field is not rules out, the findings of the study would like to use it as a base for future investigation.  

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Classroom and control and management contributes to the building of discipline in a school and a pupil are students who lack control allowed to misbehaves is there any significant different between students who come late to school and those who come to school early. Are there any significant differences between the controls of groups that work cooperatively.

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

       This objective of this study is to provide solution to the problem affecting the classroom in secondary school.

       The aim of this study helps to educate teachers on how the classroom needs to be conducive for students in order for teaching to be effective.

       This obviously states that the classroom management cannot be over looked in teaching and learning situation.

RESEARCH QUESTIONS 

The research questions that will guide this study are as follows

i.            What are the problem of classroom management and control?

ii.           Does lack of proper classroom management and control effect the students academic performance?

iii.         What are the causes of these problems have on the students?

iv.         How can the problem of classroom management and control can be eliminated in some selected schools in Oredo local government area?

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

The study of the effect of classroom management in the academic performance of secondary school students in the academic performance of secondary school students, a case study of  selected secondary school in Ovia north east local government area is aimed at achieving discipline among student in that locality

       In line with this, the purpose of this research is to carryout a survey of management problems among secondary school s in ova north east local government area of Edo state.

       This study will also seek possible way of preventing these management problems among student in secondary by exposing them to simple classroom management control and rules

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

It is hoped that the study will help to enrich the teaching of classroom management and control in schools.

   The researcher is interested in the study of classroom management and control because whatever happens the classrooms have a direct behaving to the performance of the students.

   There should be discipline among the students to ensure executive teaching and learning. Discipline is important, it involves all the students in the school time table and also includes the teacher’s education officer’s i.e. teacher’s education officer’s i.e. teachers, parents, communities, policy makers in one way or the other, and for example the following generalization can be made about the students attending school they are well glad, happy and well nourished.

   Finally, findings from the study will aid teachers in the management and control of their classroom. 

EFFECT OF STRIKE ACTION ON THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF STUDENTS IN SELECTED SECONDARY SCHOOL.

 

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ABSTRACT

This research work is to find out the effect of strike action on the academic performance of students in some selected secondary school in Ikpoba Okha Local Government Area of Edo State. To accomplish the objectives of this research, a questionnaire was drawn for one hundred and fifty students selected in the area of study. The findings of this research revealed that:. 1. Strike is caused by irregularities of teachers salary. 2. Indiscipline of students in various schools 3. Lack of dialogue between Government and Nigerian Union of Teachers. All these result to strike actions, the effect of this strike actions is usually decreased in performance of students academic in secondary school, in the years that are strike free. This study identified the fact that persistent strike leads to low moral in both students and teachers. The following recommendations and suggestions according to the research, if taken will reduce or totally eliminate strike. 1. Attractive remuneration 2. Adequate financing 3. Adherence to collective bargaining 4. Provision of adequate education facilities and infrastructure that will enhance learning. 5. The use of dialogue in resolving conflicts

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

As a student one deserve to know what to do in the bid to enhance or explore effective performance in his/her educational aspect. It is probably pertinent to even reassure oneself about who a student is in  to be doing such as individual under discussion find himself or herself in a college, polytechnics or university setting charges with the task of acquiring knowledge, skills and trying to modify his academic performance the role of living in the midst of other colleague and getting about the acquisition of the desired knowledge which are modified and influenced by both the materials and human features of the environments. The profile for this presentation consists of consideration of the responsibilities of a student. A high light of some factors which can hinder the effective performance of the roles of the students are;

1. 1.  Hindrance of ones self social grove like gang, clique etc
2. 2.  Failure to set target to be accomplished.
3. 3.  Lack of full knowledge or sometimes disregard for school rules and regulation and the most hindrance is the NUT strike action which could be the talk on this project.     

BACKGROUND OF STUDY

This project attempts to examine the effect of strike on the academic performance of schools in Nigeria at large and Ikpoba Okha L.G.A. of Edo State in particular. The secondary school community is composed of many staff unions; strike by any of these unions has a tendency of lowering the standard of education.

In this work, attention will be paid to the impact of Nigeria Union of Teacher (NUT) strike action on student’s academic performance. This is primary because NUT performs the initial functions of inculcating knowledge on Nigeria secondary schools students. The researcher will also examine the effects NUT strike has on the quality and standard   of school leavers produced from secondary schools.

A study of this nature is necessary because education has the universal function of contributing to the perpetration of societies by transmitting ideals, values and norms from generation to generation thereby preparing the youth for active role in the society. Education also displays the value conflicts that exist between ideals and real norms that are typical of all cultures.

Fafunwa (1994) in recantation of the above facts stated that an ideal educational medium should be able to help the beneficiaries, develop the abilities, attitude and others forms of behaviour which are positive value to the society in which they live.

Ejoh (1999) also recognized that an ideal education is very important to an individual, his family, his immediate community and the country as a whole. It helps to develop his mental capability, widen his horizon and increases his job options. It is therefore important that every individual acquires basic education. Aristotle (1988) also recognized the indispensable function of education, which he stated in his book that the aims of education should include;

a.          The realizations of the capabilities and potential of individuals

b.          The development of the body  

c.           The training of the appetites which is character or moral development

d.          The development of the intellect or reason. He further hold that non of the above should be emphasized at the expense of the others

In line with the above aims and functions of education, the Nigeria government in its 1981 policy on education are the building;

1.          A free and democratic society

2.          A just and egalitarian society

3.          A United, strong and self-reliant nation

4.          A great and dynamic economy

5.          A land full of bright and full opportunity for all citizens

Presently, education in Nigeria has not been able to achieve the noble objective because it is in deep problems. Paramount among these problems is the incessant NUT strike, which has often disrupted academic activities. Many reasons can be seen responsible for these incessant strikes by the NUT. Prominent among those problems according to NUT are those of funding, lacks of autonomy and dehumanizing working conditions in trying to find a lasting solution to these problems, the long commission set up by the federal government recommended in their report a 90% funding level for next fifteen years 1992-2007.

The recommendations were adopted in the agreement between the federal government of Nigeria and the NUT unfortunately government reneged on the agreement. For instance, funding in 1996 should have been four times more than what was prescribed by the report but fell short of this expectation because of government attitude towards funding education. The economic down turn and the foreign exchange rates did not help matters. Judging from the economic down turn, the review of the agreement which government bluntly turned down. Folioing this there has been several strikes action by the Nigerian Union of Teachers since then this situation was further aggravated by the way government reacted to NUTS strike action. Instead of engaging in meaningful dialogue with the teachers, the governments sacked some and even went as far as forcefully ejecting them from their official quarters.

In addition to the humiliation, government refused to pay them their salaries and other entitlement. As a result of this, most teachers left for the private sectors while some others went to private schools in search of greener pastures. Some student’s looks to crime, while others also secured temporary employments and yet others get involve in street hawking and became juvenile delinquents. The consequence of these strike action has led to a condition fall in education standard.

The conflict between the federal government and teachers has been occurring intermittently in some state secondary schools following from this, it becomes pertinent that a lasting solutions be formed through a comprehensive research on the effect of strike on the academic standard of students. This work intends to do this by drawing government attention to the various steps to be taken in order to eliminate these problems once and for all.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMS

The disagreement of teachers academics striken action is an agent of social change in an organization. Education administrations is concerned with the effect and influences on strike (disagreement) on he educational sector in particular to the social economic and political sector in general.

PURPOSE OF STUDY

The main purpose of this study is to attract the attention of both the educationist and non-educationalist to the effect of strike on the academic performance of students, and to also examine the causes of strike by Nigerian Union of Teachers (NUT). The following variables shall be examined;

a.          Poor funding

b.          Inadequate staffing

c.           Lack of autonomy

d.          State of infrastructure of the secondary schools

RESEARCH QUESTION 

  Based on the above stated problems the study shall answer this question;

i.            Is there a relationship between NUT strike action and level of academic performance?

ii.           What are some of the effect of strike action on students academic performance?

iii.         What role does the federal government play in ensuring non-insistent strike action?

iv.         How can the society at large contribute to the smooth flow of academic session?

v.          What effect does strike has on the moral status of students? 

SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY

       The importance of this study is to bring to the knowledge of the public; the effects of NUT strike actions on our educational system. The impact of strike on our secondary schools and the academic performance of the students by the academic staffs and the secondary schools in enhancing socio-economic and political development of the nation.

SCOPE OF THE STUDY

Strike action by NUT is not peculiar to some selected secondary schools in Ikpoba Okha L.G.A. alone but to all secondary school in Nigeria. This study intends to carry out a comparative analysis of 6 years performance chart of the final year students (SSS III) of some selected secondary school in Ikpoba Okha L.G.A. as collected by the examination and this study intends to carry out a comparative analysis of six (6) years performance chart of the final year students SSS III of some selected secondary school in Ikpoba Okha L.G.A. as collected by the examination and this study intends to carry out a comparative analysis of three years performance chart of the SS I and SS II students in Edo College and Niger college Secondary Schools in Ikpoba Okha Local Government Area as collected by the examination and class teacher records. 

INVESTIGATION INTO THE CAUSES OF TRUANCY AMONG STUDENTS IN SECONDARY SCHOOL

 

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ABSTRACT

The purpose of this project is to deal with the problem of truancy with particular reference to influence of peer group, inadequate school materials, poor feeding at home, poor method of teaching, too much work in the morning at home before coming to the school etc. in Ikpoba Okha Secondary School Students, Ikpoba Okha Local Government Area in Edo State of Nigeria. In this project, I have tried to find out the cause of the above problem in this particular school. This project and deals with what other authors said are the possible causes and solutions to the problems. To get the actual causes of this problem, oral interviews were conducted for various groups of people in the school and the community. Some causes of the problem of the study were identified; solutions and recommendation which the reader shall come across were highlighted. If the community and the government jointly implement the recommendations given, future occurrence of similar problems in Ikpoba Okha Secondary School Students can be averted.

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

       The origin of truancy among secondary school students situated at Ikpoba Okha Local Government Area of Edo State. The schools in Ikpoba Okha are divided it names from the clan of origin in the early state, the population of the school were few but now they are vast. Today, among the students of the schools there was many truants and deviant behaviour has greatly hindered the progress of the schools generally. I have taken it up as a responsibility to find out the causes of the truancy and the way to stop the evil. This long essay on the causes of truancy is intended to take a critical look into one or the major rules that influence students to the truancy in secondary schools. Some of the truants students will go with their fellow students to indulge in watch video in their own resident.

       Justice R. A. L. Ogbobin, said that broken homes are assess to truancy. Truancy is a great danger in a discipline school possibly the whole students in the school to delinquent. This is true because students initiative and don’t at the moment realized the consequences of their delinquency. The measuring of the truancy in the secondary school students, I shall be taking a random sample of the truants find out from that the cause of truancy from their homes, schools and the society they live. It is against this research in the solution of the above measure of truancy and not far fetch. The teacher should advice the parents of the students to provide the students with adequate or requisite school materials and also let parents know the problem if causes failing to do so, teacher should not bully on the students, because hinder the students backwardness. A student should be corrected by the teacher. The government should go further to make law to punish those couples whose home are broken leaving the children to play truancy.

       It is against this background that this research work is structured to examine the factors and consequences (effects) of truancy on students of origin and destination which will be vividly focused on Benin City. I shall finally suggest suitable measures that should help to reduce the evil.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS

       Over a long period of time the problem of truancy among students in secondary school a drift has been a serious one which generated a matter of concerns among scholars. This problems of truancy has militated against the goals and objectives setup by the parents and our educational policy makers for the education. the daily reduction of this students due to truancy in a school also creates a high rate of absenteeism this leads to the poor result of the students truancy can mislead some students to different kinds of crime of the following:

a.          Stealing

b.          Fighting

c.           Understanding type of activities that are worthless

d.          Using and bullying on people

In this research, my mere writing can not put a stop to the problem of truancy; but can do so by suggesting way to be carried out by the government and education authorities. A student may be naturally gifted if he becomes a delinquent in the school, he can not develop his innate potentialities to the fullest. Truancy is a common in the life of the students themselves their parents and in turn development of a nation.

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

       The purpose of the study include as follows:

i.            To examine the causes of truancy in secondary school students.

ii.           To know the purpose why students exposed (indulge) to truancy.

iii.         To investigate the leading factor to truancy among students.

iv.         To put forward some recommendations on the effects of truancy in the life of the students.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY     

       The study of the causes of truancy in the society is advantageous. As the evil can easily spread as wildfire, it should be stopped to avoid many students falling into it as victims. If the evil in our school and other similar sources, the students will have the assess to perform well in school activities. Any where the clever ones have the chance to go higher. Students are exposed to the pleasure of good loves of school environment where by they interacts for the development of their society. facing the solution of these crimes like lateness to school, serving as a bus conductor during school hours, hunting birds in the bush at the time they are supported to be in school, wikll be drastically there reduced.

Finally, this study and research finding will also be significant in such a way that it will serve as a pointer to other research who may be interested in the study.

RESEARCH QUESTIONS  

a.          What are the factors responsible for truancy in secondary school students?

b.          What are the effects of truancy in the life of t he students in secondary schools

c.           Why do the students so easily get involved in truancy?

SCOPE OF THE STUDY

       The focus and the coverage of this research work is on Ikpoba Okha Local Government Area of Edo State. The choice of the area is based on that fact that the area is the researchers place of on central origin and that the research is very conversant with the area. There is no doubt because the study will give a relative and reliable picture of this situation in other similar areas of Edo State.

ASSUMPTION

       This research is designed to entertain many main and sub problems. According to P. O. Adeyomo assume that the following causes of truancy are common in the society which are:

a.          keeping in a bad company

b.          Uninteresting lesson of the teacher

c.           Teacher as a truant

d.          Lack of school materials

e.          Failures to comply with school requirements

f.            The students keeping awake near by all the right and does not get up early enough to prepare for school.

g.          Laziness on the part of school students.

Although this study is restricted to the teachers and students. Because the investigator is interested in the factors in the school. 

ASSESSMENT OF ALMAJIRI SYSTEM OF EDUCATION; IT’S IMPLICATION FOR CHILD, FAMILY AND NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN ZARIA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF KADUNA STATE.

 

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This study was undertaken to findout the implications of Almajiri system of education in Zaria local government of Kaduna state four research questions were answered. The instrument for the study was self designed question. A sample of 125 people in Zaria local government was drawn using simple random sampling. Data was analyzed using frequencies, percentage and mean. The study revealed among others that the Almajiri system of education has implications on most of the Almajiri in Zaria local government, the curriculum is inadequate and that leas to so many challenges facing the system. Based on the findings of the study it was recommended that government should consider addressing the feeding and welfare needs Almajirai and their mallams, infrastructural facilities should also be provided.

CHAPTER ONE

1.1    Background of the study                                             1

1.2    Statement of the  problem                                           3

1.3    Objectives of the study                                                4

1.4    Research questions                                                     5

1.5    Significance of the study                                             5

1.6    Assumptions of the study                                            6

1.7    Scope of the study                                                      7

1.8    definition of terms                                                       7

 

CHAPTER TWO

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.0    Introduction                                                               8

2.1    Conceptual framework                                                 9

2.2.5 Scope of Almajiri schools curriculum                              12

2.3    Impact of the Almajiri system of education on child,

family and national development.                                         20

2.5    Strategies for improving the almajiri system of education        36

2.5.1 Government  support (funding)                                    37

2.5.2 The integrative approach                                             38

2.5.3.        Private sector participation in the Almajiri system

of education                                                               40

CHAPTER THREE

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1    Research design                                                                 43

3.2    Population of the study                                               44

3.3    Sample size and sampling procedure                            45

3.4    Instrument for data collection                                       46

3.5    Procedure for data collection                                        46

3.6    Procedure for data analysis                                                  46

CHAPTER FOUR

DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION

4.1    Introduction                                                                 47

4.2    Section A bio-data                                                        48

CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1    Summary                                                                   58

5.2    Conclusion                                                                 59

5.3    Recommendation                                                        60

 

CHAPTER ONE

1.1    BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY  

“Almajiri” is a hausa word meaning immigrant children in search of search of Qur’anic education. The children are sent out early in life to seek Islamic knowledge outside their environment. They are placed under Islamic teachers known simply as ‘mallam’ under whom they are supposed to learn the rudiments of the religion.

Khalid (2000), describes almajiranci as seasonal migration of school age male children from rural to urban areas in northern Nigeria in search of Qur’anic education. In this contemporary era, Almajiranci has degenerated to the extent that it has now greatly exposed the children to various types of moral or social hazards. Many of these children metamorphasize into drug addicts, dropouts, street beggars etc. they seldom go back to their villages or home towns.

The Almajiri system of education during the pre-colonial days, pupils hold with then parents for within the immediate environment from where the pupils came from (Junaid: 2004). The Danfodio revolution brought with it some modifications, the establishment of an inspectorate of quranic literacy, the inspectors reported directly to the emir of province,  concerning all matters relating to school.

Shehu (2004), states that the colonialists specifically came up with policies aimed at destroying the traditional Qur’anic schools and replacing them with the western style school. Some people in protest of ave their children in trust to the Qur’anic schools wama to go to the village or its outskirt to teach them Qur’an. It was after independence that serious efforts were made to improve the system of Qur’anic schools. Islamic scholars and organizations like Jama’atul Nasril Islam (JNI) struggled to establish and maintain the schools. Sir, Ahmadu Bello Sardauna of sokoto’ established Quranic schools in muslim localities, this effort gave birth to Ishuyyats.

1.2    STATEMENT OF THE  PROBLEM

The Almajiri pupils brought to learn the Qur’an, some dropout along the way and become a problem to the society. Most pupil withdraw due to hardship that is endured during the training, also with the growing complex nature of the society. People tend to complain at the act of begging which is becoming unpopular and unacceptable. In some cases, the very resourceful among the pupils do menial jobs (such as washing, grass cutting, farming and water barrow pushing) to earn their livelihood (Abdulkadir: 2003) Shehu (2004), viewed that the greatest havoc of begging is of how it expose the children to a number of environmental hazards psychologically it instills in the children a sense of inferiority, dependency, rejection and all sorts of negative psychological dispositions. In the social sphere their limitless movements and interactions exposes them, and in many cases gets them induced in a number of social vices, they easily come across various kinds of dangerous juvenile and adolescent peers. Indeed they come across all sorts of people and experiences in the society the good, the bad and the ugly. As juveniles, they can hardly discern right from the wrong, especially if they see people that are assured committing them. The problems mentioned above, led to my research on the ‘Almajiri system of education, its implication on child, family and nation.

1.3    OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The general objectives of this study is to investigate the almajiri system of education its implications on child, family and nation. The specific objectives are: –

i.      To access the implications of the Almajiri system of education on child, family and national development.

ii.      To examine the adequacy of the Almajiri schools curriculum.

iii.     Determine the challenges and prospects of the system

iv.     To identify the strategies for improvement

1.4    RESEARCH QUESTIONS

i.      What are the implications of Almajiri system of education on child, family and National development?

ii.      What is the adequacy of the Almajiri schools curriculum

iii.     What are the challenges and prospects facing the system

iv.     What are the strategies for improvement