IMPACT OF SINGLE PARENTING AND ITS EFFECT ON CHILD EDUCATION IN SELECTED SCHOOLS IN

 EGOR LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA

Click here to download our android mobile app to your phone  for more materials and others

Note: our case study can be change to suit your desire location . we are here for your success.

ORDER NOW

COMPLETE MATERIAL  COST  N2,500 Or $10.  FRESH  PROJECT MATERIAL  COST 50,000 NAIRA FOR UNDERGRADUATE, OTHERS 100,000 -200,000 NAIRA.

 

Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

Note:  We accept bank transfer, ATM cash transfer , Online payment using your ATM , Western union bank transfer.  We will respond to you anytime of the day. 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

CALL OUR  CUSTOMERS CARE  OKEKE CHIDI C ON :  08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE  YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 1 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.   

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE

 

This project deals with the causes and problems of single parenting and its effects on the child’s education in some selected secondary schools in Egor Local Government Area, Uwelu Secondary School, Egor Secondary School, Useh Secondary School, Evbarekhe Secondary School, in Ego Local Government Area of Edo State. The purpose of this study is to identify the causes and problems of divorces and the effects on the performance of children in secondary schools. In pursuance of the study, certain problems which require solution were identified and they are:

(i)         Students from broken homes suffer a lot of psychological and emotional problems.

(ii)       Insecurity and unruly attitude of step-parents of these students lead them to steal items that does not belong to them in school.

Questionnaires were circulated among 120 respondents, a hundred were retrieved and their responses were analyzed by the simple percentage techniques owing to the result of finding, the following recommendations were made. Parents should build their family on sound foundation of love, mutual understanding and good planning in order to bring up children who will be useful to themselves and to the society at large.

                          TABLE OF CONTENT

Chapter one: introduction       

Background to study

Statement of problems

Purpose of study

Significance of study

Research questions

Scope of study

Limitation of study

Definition of terms

Chapter two: Literature review      

Scientific approach

Courtship

Family organization

Educational background

Theoretical basis of the causes of divorce

Single parenting and the future of the family

Chapter three: methodology

Source of data

Population and sample

Sampling techniques

Instrument for collecting data

Validation of data

Reliability of the instrument

Method of data collection

Data analysis techniques

Chapter four

Analysis of data

Discussion

Chapter five 

Summary, findings, recommendations and conclusions

Findings

Recommendation

Conclusion

REFERENCE  

QUESTIONNAIRE

 

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Marriage of a youth in ancient society was parts of the responsibilities of his parents. The young man had no choices and no say. He accepted his wife his joy and thanks. In some cases, a wife was married for him at a time he could certainly not afford to keep a wife all maintenance was borne by the parents. In the past marriage were a matter within the clan or within clan’s and its environs parents were not anxious to see their suns getting married to girls from distant places or other tribes.

Marriages arranged by parents on the basis of family friendship ties rarely broke up in the past. Single parenting in the ancient times was also very rate, because of penalties of proven infidelity and fear of offending elders of both families in Nigerian, there are four clearly defined types of marriage we have the church or statutory marriage those performed at the mosques and marriage contracted according to native law and customs of any ethnic group. The purpose of marriage is to have children and establish a family. When these children eventually arrive, they are regarded as blessing from God and are social and economic assets to their parents. The family, this time needs a home to live in and feel secured. Thus, home is a place where a family lives and also a place where one secures love. It is a place which provides all individual needed in order to fit into the society successfully. A home provides for food, physical, mental, psychological and spiritual; development of its members. A home is built on love and mutual understanding and good planning is able to meet its goals in a home where love and understanding are lacking, such a home is bound to crack and fissure in all direction. This broken homes are homes or families where either the father or the mother has ceased to be further member of such a home of family through divorce, desertion to mention but a few.

Single parenting therefore can be defined to be personal misfortune for either of the spouse ion any society but it is a universal escape for the inevitable tension is marriage. Single parenting as a matter of fact breaks the bonds, which once united two individual and their family. Marriage is a big step in life, in which a person plans as a career or even business, certainly you either fail or succeed. This bond dissolution can occur as a result of extra marital practices by either of the partners, early marriage, a solution where either of the spouses is not ripe enough for marriage before getting married.

The proper upbringing of children is a more important objective of the family than the happiness of the parents. This is because the early of child life are the formation of personality and these are the years that are spent mainly in association with parent’s siblings and the family. The home as the child’s immediate environment forms the basis for personality development, which accompanies the individual throughout life. As a result of single parenting or broken home children fails to develop ties to one or few important person in the family and when these ties are disrupted, children are taught at school impaired in developing close relationship in adulthood. They feel better and carryover critically as a happy person and at the same time cannot concentrate on anything taught at school. When a mother is out of a home, leaving the children under charity and mercy of step-mother, these children are prone to many problems such as poor feeding, negligence not inspired to study or learn, diseases and sicknesses, emotional disturbance (fear, insecurity) as such they are not likely to perform up to expectation in school. For a marriage to be successful there is the need for the couples to be in harmony-mentally, physically, and spiritually. In other words, the husband and the wife must have a common goal and each has to contribute his or her own quota towards its fulfillment and the key ward should be love.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

There are many problems with single parenting or broken homes which at the long run reflect on the performance of children in schools. Some of these problems are;

1. Meeting of a gap on the children’s existence because there is no adult to guide and direct their behavior and desires as children learn by imitation.
2. There is increase in domestic work and redistribution of household chores, which leaves the children with little or no time for their studies
3. Also, it has been observed that children from broken homes suffer some other problems such as non-provision of some basic material needs like non-provision of some basic materials needs like food, clothing and learning material
4. In security, step parent do not show much love and affection to their step children. Thus, these children suffer from mental retardation, personality improvement and are always miserable. They show behavioral responses like lying, stealing, building and playing truant in school.

In view of this, the researcher is forced to wonder whether extra-relationship and financial problem could lead to broken home, and if broken homes, are they causes of decrease in the performance of children in schools. In that, a closer look at the turn out of secondary school graduates these days reveals a lot of half-cooked, half-boiled and half-baked scholars academically, socially and otherwise.

PURPOSE OF STUDY

MOTIVATION AND PRODUCTIVITY IN PUBLIC ENTERPRISES. A CASE STUDY OF DELTA STATE WATER CORPORATION

 IN SELECTED  NIGERIAN POLYTECHNICS.

Click here to download our android mobile app to your phone  for more materials and others

Note: our case study can be change to suit your desire location . we are here for your success.

ORDER NOW

COMPLETE MATERIAL  COST  N2,500 Or $10.  FRESH  PROJECT MATERIAL  COST 50,000 NAIRA FOR UNDERGRADUATE, OTHERS 100,000 -200,000 NAIRA.

Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

Note:  We accept bank transfer, ATM cash transfer , Online payment using your ATM , Western union bank transfer.  We will respond to you anytime of the day. 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

CALL OUR  CUSTOMERS CARE  OKEKE CHIDI C ON :  08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE  YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 1 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.   

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE

 

 

 

CHAPTER ONE:       Introduction

1.1   General Background        –       –       –       –       –       –       –

1.2   Statement of problem      –       –       –       –       –       –

1.3   Purpose of the  study       –       –       –       –       –       –

1.4   Research Questions –       –       –       –       –       –       –

1.5   Significance of the study  –       –       –       –       –       –

1.6   Limitation of the study     –       –       –       –       –       –

1.7   Definition of terms/ concept    –       –       –       –       –

CHAPTER TWO

2.1   Review of literature  –       –       –       –       –       –       –

2.2   Theoretical framework     –       –       –       –       –       –

CHAPTER THREE

3.1   Area of study    –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –

3.2   Population of study  –       –       –       –       –       –       –

3.3   Sample size      –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –

3.4   Sampling method/ Techniques        –       –       –       –       –

3.5   Data collection Technique/ Instruments –       –       –

3.6   Validity and  Reliability on its instruments      –       –

3.7   Administration of the instruments   –       –       –       –

3.8   Method of Data analysis –       –       –       –       –       –

CHAPTER FOUR

4.1   Analysis of Data Collection      –       –       –       –       –

4.2   Principle finding      –       –       –       –       –       –       –

CHAPTER FIVE

5.1   Interpretation   –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –

5.2   Summary –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –

5.3   Conclusion      –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –

5.4   Suggestion for further Research      –       –       –       –

Reference –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –

Questionnaire –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –

 

ABSTRACT

This is public cutlery on the ineffectiveness characteristics  of the  public sector. The question here is what actually is responsible  for the  general low  performance of workers in the  public sector?. The gap between poor motivation and low productivity in state-owned – corporation has to be filled. The environment in which its average  worker performs his job seen to be unfavorable to his or her maximum  contribution to the goals  and  objective of the  organization for these reasons, therefore this  research work is aim at  identifying roles motivation is playing in enhancing the  productivity of Delta State Water Corporation and  other  state enterprise. Recommendations were also forwarded based on the scientific approach of data collection. Some of these recommendations include that the tool of motivation should be made by the management to identify factors that are dearest to the heart of the workers and use them mostly. Secondly, strict supervisor or adherence to rules does not always provide positive results.

 

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

GENERAL BACKGROUND

1.1   INTRODUCTION

In the traditional African economy the necessity to study the motivation of workers would not have existed. This is  because , in the traditional set up , a family group consisted  a self-sustaining unit  appropriating any surplus  for their  own  use. The workers owned the means of production as well as the  products  of their labour.

But in the modern industrial capitalist economy, a  worker trades his labour  power  and skill and gets  as reward   only an infinitesimal bit  of the huge  profit derived from his  labour. He  is isolated  for making decisions  as to   the products of his labour  are utilized  or disposed  of.

How them does the  workers keep  going on knowing  full well, that all his efforts are  geared  towards  increasing the profit of his  capitalist  employer?. This bring up the issue of motivation.

As pointed out by Hicks (1972), people do not  work in organizations for the  sake of  work  itself  but rather  with the  ultimate hope  that they will achieve  their  individual objectives by hoping their organizations accomplish their  objectives; in this  sense , the  degree  of  commitment  of members to actively participate and contribute   through collective efforts is based  on their perception that the  organization would  enhance their  aspirations. Expectations of workers  and what  is obtainable in the work-place, made  mark, (1884), to assets  that the  gap between  the expectations of workers and the  realities of work  results  to deprivation and alienation.

The state  is the  greatest  employers of labour  like the  private  sector. The  choice  of the state  owned  establish like the Delta STATE  WATER  Corporation is founded  on the  reason stated  above, that  is to  say the  state  is one of the highest  employer of labour.

State and  public enterprises  are  set up or established  the sole  aim of the making profits. In other words, they are  non-profit making organization, but  established to  provide  services that would  not have  been  taken adequate  care of  the private  establishment is to  make profit, relate d  to the  profit that is  operation make  so that  it contains  an  incentive element depending  on profit. It may not be  outrageous to say  that  any  motivational measure  taken  by these  enterprise  may  not necessary  arise  from a  genuine desire to improve  the working conditions and quality  of services  but rather  would be predicated  on the  one-sided  wished to increase the profits of the capitalist  employers.

Motivation is  state-owned  corporations therefore is a  function which  management performs  to stimulate  employers, effective  and efficient  contribution to the achievement or organizational  goals and  quality  production.

1.2   Statement of Problem

A common accusation against  modern  industrial  society is that  it has  made  work dull and spiritless  especially for the workers.

The environment, the average workers performs his job is seen to be unfavourable and inimical  to his  or her  maximum contribution.

Hoe to get members of an organization to work willingly for the attainment of its objective  and goals  has been a major problem.

Managers of labour make a  lot of  assumptions about what  motivates  or should motivate  their workers without taking time  to find  out whether  these  assumptions are  valid or not.

IMPACT OF SINGLE PARENTING AND ITS EFFECT ON CHILD EDUCATION IN SELECTED SCHOOLS IN

 EGOR LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA

 IN SELECTED  NIGERIAN POLYTECHNICS.

Click here to download our android mobile app to your phone  for more materials and others

Note: our case study can be change to suit your desire location . we are here for your success.

ORDER NOW

COMPLETE MATERIAL  COST  N2,500 Or $10.  FRESH  PROJECT MATERIAL  COST 50,000 NAIRA FOR UNDERGRADUATE, OTHERS 100,000 -200,000 NAIRA.

 

Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

Note:  We accept bank transfer, ATM cash transfer , Online payment using your ATM , Western union bank transfer.  We will respond to you anytime of the day. 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

CALL OUR  CUSTOMERS CARE  OKEKE CHIDI C ON :  08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE  YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 1 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.   

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE

 

 

This study was carried out to find out An assessment of methods of Teaching English language in selected Nigerian polytechnics. There are five (5) research questions formulated to guide this study. There are eighteen (18) secondary schools in Uzo-Uwani local government area of Enugu state. Out of these secondary schools, ten (10) schools were randomly selected through ballot method. In each of the ten (10) schools selected for the study, two (2) classes of SSII were randomly selected using ballot method; this implies that 440 students were selected for the study. Also six (6) English teachers were randomly selected in each schools used for the study through ballot method, this implies that sixty (60) English teachers were used for the study. The questionnaire was used to collect and analyze the data. The instrument were validated by three (3) experienced English lecturers and two (2) experts in measurement and evaluation all from the department of science and English education of Enugu State of Science and technology (ESUT), and the test-retest method was used to determine the reliability of the instrument. The data collected from the students were analyzed using the mean respondents’ scores. The result showed that the factors militating against effective teaching and learning of English in secondary schools are as follows; students have negative attitude towards the learning of English, students in English have very poor background, parents have negative attitude towards the learning of English, the learning environment are not well conducive for learning, most of the English teachers are not qualified. It also discussed the implication of the findings and finally recommendations were made to enhance students’ achievement in English.

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

TITLE PAGE                                                                                             I

APPROVAL PAGE                                                                                    II

DEDICATION                                                                                           III

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT                                                                          IV

ABSTRACT                                                                                               V

TABLE OF CONTENT                                                                    VII

 

CHAPTER ONE

Introduction                                                                                     1

Background of the Study                                                                            1

Statement of the Problem                                                                  6

Purpose of the Study                                                                        7

Significance of the Study                                                                            8

Scope of the Study                                                                                      9

Research Question                                                                                      10

 

CHAPTER TWO

Literature Review                                                                                      11

2.1     English Education                                                                   11

2.2     Academic Performance                                                            14

2.3     Factors that Contributes to Poor Academic Performance                 15

2.4     Quality of English Teachers                                                    15

2.5     Negative Attitude of Students of English                       20

2.6     Effective Use of Instructional Materials                                  22

2.7     Provision of English Laboratory                                             23

2.8     Recruitment of Qualified English Teachers                    24

2.9     Lack of Adequate Funding from Government                         25

2.10   Poor Students’ Background in English                                             27

2.11   Parental Related Factors                                                                   29

2.12   Unconducive School Environment                                          30

2.13   English Terminology                                                                        32

 

CHAPTER THREE              

3.0     Research Method                                                                     34

3.1     Research Design                                                                      34

3.2     Area of the Study                                                                    35

3.3     Population of the Study                                                          35

3.4     Sample and Sampling Techniques                                           36

3.5     Instrument for Data Collection                                                         36

3.6     Validation of the Instrument                                                   37

3.7     Reliability of the Instrument                                                    37

3.8     Method of Data Collection                                                      38

3.9     Method of Data Analysis                                                                  38

3.10   Decision Rule                                                                          39

 

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0     Presentation and Analysis of Data                                          40

4.1     Research Question 1                                                                40

4.2     Research Question 2                                                                42

4.3     Research Question 3                                                                44

4.4     Research Question 4                                                                46

4.5     Research Question 5                                                                48

 

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0     Discussion of Findings, Conclusion, Implications

and Recommendations                                                                      50

5.1     Discussion of Findings                                                            50

5.2     Conclusion                                                                              52

5.3     Recommendations                                                                             54

5.4     Limitation of the Study                                                           55

5.5     Summary of the Study                                                            55

5.6     Suggestion for Further Study                                                  57

REFERENCES                                                                                 58

APPENDIX I                                                                                    63

APPENDIX II                                                                                   64

QUESTIONNAIRE                                                                          65

APPENDIX III                                                                                  70

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

                                         

1.0            INTRODUCTION

1.1     BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Education is an important sector which cannot be fun with any serious country, state, organization or individual and that is why an individual, organization or government uses every means to make sure a good education is provided for her citizens (Adibe, 2001).

The focus of this study is secondary school education. Secondary education is the stage following primary education. It is generally the final stage of compulsory education. In some country, it is a period of compulsory and a period of non-compulsory education. Secondary education is characterized by transition from the typically compulsory education to selective education for adult.

The content and philosophy of Nigeria education must reflect the past, present and drive into the future of Nigeria society in term of the role the individual is expected to play in the present national building process (Vision 20:2020)

Education is the best legacy given to a child; it is the producer of human capital. It is the truth of existence and centre of life. Every human-being depends on education for truthful, peaceful and wise co-existence. It has witnessed active participation by non-governmental agencies, communities and individual as well as government parastatals in order to bring education to the country. Education is an instrument for national development, it fosters on the worth and development of individual to be self-reliant, just and building egalitarian society (Federal Republic of Nigeria [FRN] 2004).

English is all embracing and all encompassing. In virtually all spheres of human endeavor, English was used as an aid in commerce farming and control of environment. English also proved it usefulness in areas of medicine, engineering, administration and aviation just mention but a few. This was when people felt incomplete without the basic knowledge of arithmetic.

English calls for adequate concentration and adequate practices. As learners are involved in these activities they develop interest and get motivated, which are well oriented, they enjoy and concentrate there on, no matter how complicated and involving activities maybe.

According to statistics, academic performance in English among secondary school students has bees on the decline since the end of civil war in 1970. The decline is mostly affecting secondary schools in Uzo-Uwani Local Government Area.

The efforts of the Nigerian government in highlighting the importance of English study in schools by making it compulsory for all students and in addition to the efforts of English Association of Nigeria (MAN) towards the development of English, student still perform poorly in this subject in both internal and external examination.

Obodo (2004:18) highlighted on this by saying that “A teacher achieves this concentration by beginning the lesson in an officious manner with respect to awaking the interest of students and sustaining if through skillful instructional management. In most cases, teachers fall to observe this skillful instructional management and the obvious result is that the more the teacher teaches, the more confused the student will be and the deeper the aversion and fear for the subject”.

Children need to understand spoken and written expression which involves English and its communication means. They must be able to solve problems involving addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.

Consequently and currently in Nigeria, students are allowed to study some course on gaining admission into universities because of their poor performance in West African School Certificate Examination (WASCE) or National Examination Council (NECO). In consonance, this study will look into the lapses to the government, curriculum develops, textbooks, publisher, teachers and students, families and their members at large and others involved in the education sectors. The constraints in poor achievement in English, as an adage has it “A problem identified is halfway solved” it implies that knowing the constraints will be of immense help in solving it.

According to Leeichi (2007:41), “Learning is the human activity which least needs manipulation by others” this means that everybody is endowed with the ability to learn but an expert (a qualified teacher has to manipulate the endowment, otherwise it becomes disused). Teaching and learning of English is not exceptional.

Without effective teaching and learning of English there will be poor performance in English work. Considering the recovery and terrible failure of secondary school students in SSCE, the researcher was forced to ask; what are the factors militating against effective teaching and learning? Some of the pertinent questions often ask are: How widespread is the incident of poor external result among Nigerian students? What is the role of the notation special center in the whole problem? And to what extent have the parent and teacher contributed to the factors militating against effective teaching and learning to student in public examination especially the one being conducted by WAEC and NECO?

Obodo (2004:14) opined that “A shortage of qualified English teachers will result to poor teaching and learning of English and consequently poor achievement and performance of students, which invariably will lead to the production of another generation of poor student achievers who will eventually turn-out to teach English poorly tomorrow”.

This illustrates that any student who develops phobia for English cannot learn well. English is a language of size and order. This explains why some students develop sudden fever whenever it is time for English lesson in a school.

According to National Policy on Education, stated by Obodo (2004), the aims and objectives of secondary education should be as follows:-

1.)              To provide necessary English background for further education

2.)              To stimulate and encourage creativity

3.)              To develop the ability to recognize problems and to solve them with related English knowledge

4.)              To develop precise, logical and abstract thinking

5.)              To develop computational skill

6.)              To generates interest  in English and to provide a solid foundation for everyday living

7.)              To foster the desire and ability to be accurate to degree relevant to the problem at hand

From the above objectives of English, it became quite obvious that even the entire world

race depends on the knowledge of English to achieve it aim and objective. But with recurring and terrible failure among secondary school students in SSCE, how can this aim be achieved.

The focus of this study, the researcher wants to know the factors militating against effective teaching and learning of English in secondary schools.

 

1.2     STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Okpara (2010) stated that over the years students have shown high rate of mass failure in English. He further stated that the problem of mass failure could be attributed on the quality of teaching in schools, saying that unless there was improvement in the teaching and learning in schools, there is little the examination body could do to salvage the already bad situation.

The government, parent, policy makers, English educators, English and different professional organization are bothered about what could be responsible for this factor militating against effective teaching and learning of English.

The researcher is worried about this unfortunate development and he asked, “What are the factors militating against effective teaching and learning of English in secondary schools”?

 

1.3     PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

The general purpose of this study is to determine the factors militating against effective teaching and learning of English in secondary schools in Uzo-Uwani local government area of Enugu State.

Specifically, the study intends to find out the factors militating against effective teaching and learning of English in secondary schools from:-

1.)              The attitude of students towards English

2.)              Poor foundation from primary English as inherited, affects students’ proficiency in secondary school English

3.)              Parent attitude

4.)              Learning environment

5.)              Quality of English teachers

THE OIL SECTOR AND THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR; THE NIGERIAN EXPERIENCE ON BALANCE OF PAYMENT (1981-2007).

 IN SELECTED  NIGERIAN POLYTECHNICS.

Click here to download our android mobile app to your phone  for more materials and others

Note: our case study can be change to suit your desire location . we are here for your success.

ORDER NOW

COMPLETE MATERIAL  COST  N2,500 Or $10.  FRESH  PROJECT MATERIAL  COST 50,000 NAIRA FOR UNDERGRADUATE, OTHERS 100,000 -200,000 NAIRA.

Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

Note:  We accept bank transfer, ATM cash transfer , Online payment using your ATM , Western union bank transfer.  We will respond to you anytime of the day. 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

CALL OUR  CUSTOMERS CARE  OKEKE CHIDI C ON :  08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE  YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 1 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.   

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE

 

 

 

ABSTRACT

This study aims at evaluating the oil sector and the agricultural sector in Nigeria from 1981-2007. The role of agriculture in the Nigerian society has been quite significant even in the pre-colonial times. The attractiveness of the Nigerian agricultural sector to the colonialist largely formed the basis for the development of the railway system from the north to the coast through the eastern and western of the country given that there was the need to evacuate agricultural produce from the hinterland to the coasts for onward shipment to Europe as raw material to feed British industries. The agricultural sector used to be the mainstay of the Nigerian economy. It provided for the nation, generated revenue and foreign exchange earnings for the government, supplied raw materials to the industrial sector, generated employment and contributed over 50% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). This occurred until the 1970’s when the oil sector came in and took over from agriculture in such a way that there was a rapid decline in the agricultural sector output. Nigeria became solely dependent on the oil sector for its revenue such that policies that were formulated were usually in favor of the oil sector. This obviously has led to the neglect of the agricultural sector as all focuses are on the oil sector. This research work aims at determining the relationship between the oil sector and the agricultural sector, the impact of the oil sector and the effects of exchange rate on the agricultural sector and to find out ways to solve the problem, and make some recommendations that can bring about positive change.

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE – INTRODUCTION…………………………………….      1

1.1 Background of the study……………………………………………….      1

1.2 Statement of the problem………………………………………………      5

1.3 Objective of the study………………………………………………….      6

1.4 Research hypothesis……………………………………………………      6

1.5 Significance of the study……………………………………………….      7

1.6 Scope and limitation……………………………………………………      7

CHAPTER TWO – LITERATURE REVIEW…………………………….      8

2.1.1 Theoretical literature…………………………………………………      8

2.1.2 Crude oil and the Nigerian Gross Domestic Product………………..      10

2.1.3 Crude oil as a source of federally collectable revenue and source of energy……………………………………………………………………..        13

2.1.4 Petroleum and Balance of Payment………………………………….      15

2.1.5 Historical development of agriculture and agricultural sector in Nigeria 17

2.1.6 The impact of petroleum production on Nigeria agricultural policy………………………………………………………………………       22

2.1.7 The effects of oil production on policy maker’s perception of the role of agriculture in Nigeria……………………………………………………..        23

2.1.8 The impact of oil revenue on the scope and character of the government’s intervention in agricultural development…………………………………………..     …..     27

2.1.9 Past effort at revamping agriculture in Nigeria…………………………  29

CHAPTER THREE – RESEARCH METHODOLOGY…………………….   34

3.1 Research design………………………………………………………….   34

3.2 Research methodology…………………………………………………..    34

3.3 Model specification……………………………………………………..     35

3.4 Method of evaluation……………………………………………………    37

CHAPTER FOUR – DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS………….   40

4.1 Data presentation and analysis of result…………………………………   40

4.2 Economic A priori expectation test……………………………………..    41

4.3 Evaluation Based On Statistical Criteria (First Order Test)…………..       42

4.3.1 T- test………………………………………………………………….    42

4.3.2 F- test………………………………………………………………….     43

4.4 The coefficient of determination R²…………………………………….     44

4.5 Economic Criteria (Second Order Test)………………………………..     45

4.5.1 Autocorrelation test…………………………………………………..      45

CHAPTER FIVE – SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION…………………………………………………………….      47

5.1 Summary………………………………………………………………       47

5.2 Recommendation……………………………………………………..             49

5.3 Conclusion…………………………………………………………….       50

 

 

 

 

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

• BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Agriculture, according to Omidigi (1993), is an applied science that deals with the preparation of land, cultivation of crops and rearing of animals.

Akinsami (1973:p1) defined agriculture as the production of plants and animals useful to man. It covers not only the cultivation of soil and the feeding and management of crops and livestock, but also the preparation of plants, and animal products for man’s use and the disposal of those products by marketing.

The role of agriculture in transforming both the social and economic framework of an economy cannot be overemphasized. It is a source of food and raw materials for the industrial sector. It is also essential for expansion of employment opportunity, for the reduction of poverty and improvement of income distribution for speeding up industrialization and easing the pressure of balance of payment. In essence, it has been the main source of gainful employment; from which the nation can feed its teeming population, a regenerative, providing the nation’s industries with local raw materials, and as s reliable source of government revenue.

The agricultural sector constitutes one of the most important sectors of the Nigerian economy. Its importance stems from the abundance of agricultural resources and the high percentage of the active population engaged in agriculture. In addition to this, is its contribution to the country’s gross domestic product (GDP) as well as foreign exchange earnings.  (Moro (1995:29)). The contribution of agriculture to GDP, in 1960 was 63%while the percentage share was 74% of the total domestic exports. At this period, agriculture was the mainstay of the Nigerian economy.

Oil or petroleum, on the other hand, is a very versatile and flexible, non –reproductive, depleting natural (hydrocarbon) resource that is a fundamental input into modern economic activity, providing about 50% of the total energy demand in the world, excluding former centrally planned economies. Oil exporting countries of the developing world depend heavily on oil revenue for foreign exchange earnings and for the government budget, in most cases reaching 90% and above.

In Nigeria, the oil sector has assumed a central role in the economy in such a way that it cannot be overemphasized. In fact, Iyoha(2005) had it that between 1981 and 1999,Nigeria received over 228billion US dollars from petroleum export. The inflow of foreign exchange from petroleum export has overwhelming influence on the economy. The growth in GDP since the early 70s is largely attributable to crude oil production.

Moreover, our development plans were focused on the expected earning from crude oil export as a source of finance. More specifically, the Nigerian revenue budget since oil took a primal position in revenue attraction is directly a function of the price per barrel of crude oil and the projected total sales.

Nigeria was a predominantly agrarian economy before the discovery of oil in commercial quantity in 1956 and remained so up to the early part of the 1970s, thereafter oil exerted tremendous impact on the economy.  In Nigeria’s attempt to make oil exploration a lucrative business, there was a shift in its dependence from the agricultural sector to the oil sector, largely based on the innumerable benefits it derived from the later (oil sector). This attitude has brought about a major decline in the agricultural sector and even other sectors of the economy, thereby making the Nigerian economy a mono-economy.

Gone are the days when ships used to sail from Nigerian parts, laden with agricultural products such as cocoa, timber, groundnut, oil palm, rubber, cotton, cassava etc, when the country derived most of its revenue from the export of agricultural products, then the economy was diversified with more focus on the agricultural sector. Then Nigeria’s budget reflected that it was proud of its agricultural heritage. Then, agriculture used to be the backbone of the economy, inviting foreign investors from far and near.

Nigeria’s economy has gradually become one that is almost completely dependent on the oil sector for its sustenance, thereby causing the neglect of the agricultural sector that used to be the foremost of the Nigerian budget.

According to Moro (1995), it is believed that the problem of food crisis has its roots in the gradual transformation of the Nigerian economy accelerated with the impact of the oil price increases during the 1970s, Nigeria who could provide her own food, regardless of its population now has to import staple commodities such as rice, sugar etc.

The agricultural sector has gradually ceased to be what it used to be because of the new rave for oil. States like Delta state Rivers Bayelsa etc are worst as they all have tales of woe to tell, as the catastrophic effects of oil spillage has led to inestimable losses that has led to gradual decline of agriculture in some areas of the region.

Many financial experts are of the view that an economy that largely depends on a sector is definitely not a healthy one. A healthy economy is one that is diversified and not mainstreamed. It appears as if Nigeria has put all her eggs in one basket, standing at the risk of loosing if something should go wrong.

• STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This research work is determined to finding answers to the following problems stated below:

• The persistent decrease in agricultural production for the period under review:

          This has resulted to scarcity of food supply with increased prices for them.

• The problem of inadequate modern farm implements:

This has contributed to the decline in productivity, as the crude implements can no longer increase output to meet with the increasing population and demand for agricultural products.

• The decline in government’s revenue from the agricultural sector:

                    This trend limits various development works that should have been carried out.

• The problem of shortage or inadequate local raw material for industrial use: