THE IMPACT OF EFFECTIVE PLANNING ON TEACHING AND CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT ON TEACHING AND LEARNING OF INTREGRATED SCIENCE

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CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1     Background of the Study

Nigerian Educational System has gone through various developments and changes viz-a-viz curriculum issues. The dynamic nature of the curriculum process informs the concept of effective planning of integrated science curriculum in secondary schools.

This is so because science education plays a vital role in the lives of individuals and the development of a nation scientifically and technologically (Aleboisu and Ifamuyiwa, 2008). It is widely and generally acknowledged that the gateway to the survival of a nation scientifically and technologically is scientific literacy which can only be achieved through science education. This starts from giving students a good foundation in integrated science from junior secondary level.

But government in this direction can not be said to have yielded much fruits given the dwindling nature of student’s performance in integrated science in junior secondary school and the low rate of students offering science in senior secondary school as well as their performance in core science subjects.

Disturbed by this ugly development, researchers in the field of science education in Nigeria embarked on series of studies to find the logic behind this ugly development. They found that the problem stemmed from the first form of science a child comes across at the junior secondary school level that is integrated science. Integrated science provide students sound basis for further science education study, hence a child that is not well grounded in integrated science at this level would not show interest in offering core science subject (Biology, Chemistry and Physics) at Senior Secondary Schol level which are pre-requisites for studying science oriented courses at the Nation’s tertiary institutions.

They also found that lack of qualified teachers, lack of practical work as well as lack of equipments and facilities for teaching, insufficient allotment of time for integrated science on the school time table and poor methods of teaching are the major factors militating against the successive implementation of the core curriculum in integrated science (Ajuwape and Olatoye, 2004).

It is against this background that the researcher seeks to investigate the subject matter of this research: The impact of effective planning and curriculum development on teaching and learning of integrated science in secondary school.

1.2     Statement of Problem

Integrated Science have been taught in Junior Secondary Schools since 1972 in order to inculcate science knowledge and encourage students to offer science subjects in Senior Secondary School (Ifamuyiwa, 2008).

But inspite of this, government effort cannot be said to have yielded much fruits given the dwindling nature of students’ performance in integrated science which has a negative effect on the future performance of those offering core science and consequently poor performance inc ore subjects in WAEC and NECO examination which are prerequisites for studying in the Nation’s tertiary institutions.

This has been attributed to myriad of problems ranging from lack of qualified teachers, lack of equipments and facilities for teaching, lack of practical works, insufficient allotment of time for integrated science on the school time table and poor teaching methods.

Disturbed by this trend, the subject matter of this research: the impact of effective planning and curriculum development on teaching and learning of integrated science in secondary school becomes an empirical problem worthy of investigation. As such the researcher seeks to find out if the integrated science curriculum is effectively planned to enhance effective teaching and learning of integrated science from JSS I to JSS III in sequential order of simple to complex topics.

1.3     Objectives of the Study

The overall objective of this study is to determine the impact of effective planning and curriculum development on teaching and learning of integrated science in secondary schools. To this end, the study seeks to accomplish the following specific objectives:

i)                        To determine the effect of planning on teaching and learning of integrated science in secondary school.

ii)                        To examine the effect of National Integrated Science Curriculum on teaching and learning in secondary schools.

iii)                        To identify the problems militating against the teaching and learning of integrated science in secondary schools.

iv)                        To proffer workable solutions to the identified problems.

Continue reading THE IMPACT OF EFFECTIVE PLANNING ON TEACHING AND CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT ON TEACHING AND LEARNING OF INTREGRATED SCIENCE →

TEENAGE PROSTITUTION IN SECONDARY SCHOOL IN NDOKWA EAST LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF DELTA STATE

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Abstract

The project focuses on teenage prostitution in secondary school in Ndokwa east local government area of Delta state. The study was carried out in five (50 randomly selected schools call girls street walkers, brothels and some hid-out. The main instrument used for the research was the questionnaire. There hundred questionnaire were administered collected and analyzed, using T-test  analysis four research question and hypothesis were formulated to guide the study, relevant literature were reviewed. Survey research designed was employed questionnaire were the instrument used and was validated by the research supervisor the secondary school. Finally the researcher made some statement of recommendation. If implemented will review the homes, school the state the nation and the society at large.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1. Background to the Study

Prostitution is an age long problem which has remained irrespective of different promulgation of law codes, decrees, etc to bring about its decay.

Encyclopedia of health and education for the family has noted that right from Hammurabis code (17^th Century B.C) considered to be the most ancient legal code in recorded history, we know that prostitution existed (both religious and secular).

It could be noted that in the old testament, God asked Hosea to marry Gomer a prostitute to predict how unfaithful the Israelites were to him (Hosea 6: 1-11, 14). We could say perhaps, that prostitution has existed after the fall of Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden.

In our contemporary world, prostitution has taken a new style and a new dimension, getting sophisticated as each day passes by the capitalist continue to build new infrastructure to expand their frontier and further their interest. Young graduate from the university are explored by the capitalist market mainly the financial sector to act as corporate commercial sex hawkers to their big time customer. These event are no longer news as they make headline on magazines, newspaper, radio and television.

Irrespective of the heavy campaign on sexual trafficking, a situation where Nigeria young girls especially students are transported to western world for prostitution purpose the ugly events still persist.

The Africa Journal of reproductive health in its finding on human sex trafficking in Nigeria prostitution in particular, support claim that poverty and unemployment remained the primary contributes to success of global trafficking. Prostitution is the act of indulging in sexual intercourse for payment or material needs.

According to the encyclopedia of health and education for the family, prostitution is defined for the family, prostitution is defined as the practice, on the part of an individual, of continual and repeated sexual relations kin a  random way with everyone who asks with the main goal being that of economic gain and not pleasure on the part of the one receiving payment.

Webster’s Dictionary (2003) noted that prostitution is the offering by a woman of her body for the purpose of intercourse with men her.

The encyclopedia Britiianna (2005) noted that prostitution is the offering by woman of her body for the purpose of intercourses with men for hire.

The encyclopedia Britannica (2005) sees prostitution as the practice of engaging in general with someone who is not a spouse or a friend in exchange for immediate payment in money or other valuable.

Inspite of the sexually transmitted disease (STD) such as HIV/AID, Gonorrhea, etc that have dominated the sexual world the act of prostitute still flourished in many part of the world.

We have made an attempt to look at the history of prostitution and its nature. But for the purpose of this study, prostitution shall be narrowed down to secondary school students.

Prostitution among secondary school student is in no doubt a worrisome phenomenon. It is the act engaged by student between the age bracket of 12 years to 20 years, theses student indulge themselves in prostitution for the purpose of financial benefit not purpose perse.

This phenomenon may have started out of promiscuity on the part of the student or violence which they  might have been exposed to or more peer pressure as the case may be. The parents teacher media government  and the society at large perhaps, may not be left but when pointing an accusing finger. Since the up-bringing and training of these young stars in terms of value and norms fall in the domain of each of these agent of SOCIALIZATION.

Although encyclopedia Brittannica (2005) Observes that among some people prostitution has been required of young girls as a puberty rite or as a means of acquiring a doway and some religious require prostitution of a certain class of priceless.

The society frown at this evil (prostitution) yet some  of our lawmakers and part of member of the society is promoters and perpetrator. This ugly event characterized todays home videos depicting these unfortunate student as they are being exploited sexually by these aviants of our society all in the name making quick money.

However, effort are being made to bring to an end teenage prostitution following the out-cry of meaningful citizens non-governmental organization and lawmakers in Nigeria. The truth remain that, just like any other social problem in our society and the worlds at large, prostitution wherever it occur cannot be eradicated I all its ramification. But can reduced to the bearest. Minimum it conscientious effort made on the part of government agents of socialization and the society at large.

Therefore, this research work shall focus on the causes and effects of teenage prostitution in secondary school in Ndokwa-east local government Area of Delta state. It shall examine the inherent nature causes and affect in student themselves their parent the schools in Ndokwa east local government area.

1. STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

The study intends to find out the cause and effect of teenage prostitution in secondary school in Ndokwa east local government area of Delta state

Continue reading TEENAGE PROSTITUTION IN SECONDARY SCHOOL IN NDOKWA EAST LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF DELTA STATE →

COMMON HEALTH PROBLEMS AMONG PRIMARY SCHOOL PUPILS

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CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

Background of the study –       –       –       –       –       1

Statement of the problem        –       –       –       –       –       3

Purpose of the Study       –       –       –       –       –       4

Scope of the study   –       –       –       –       –       –       5

Significance of the study –       –       –       –       –       6

Research question   –       –       –       –       –       –       6

CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

The level of Healthful Living     –       –       –       –          8

The Common diseases among primary school pupils 11

The adequacy of water provision in the schools –    – 13

The adequacy of the preventive health services in the

school      –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       – 13

Health Facilities provided in the School  –       –       – 14

The Adequacy of the preventive Health Services in

the School       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       – 16

Summary of related literature review       –       –       – 21

CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHOD

Design of the Study –       –       –       –       –       –       – 23

Area of the Study     –       –       –       –       –       –       -23

Population for the Study  –       –       –       –       –       -24

Sample and sampling techniques    –       –       –       – 24 

Instrument for Data Collection        –       –       –       –       – 24

Validation of the instrument    –       –       –       –       – 24

Reliability of the instrument    –       –       –       –       – 25

Method of Data collection –      –       –       –       –       – 25

Method of Data analysis –       –       –       –       –       – 26

CHAPTER FOUR: DATA PRESENTATION AND

ANALYSIS       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       – 27

CHAPTER FIVE: DISCUSSION, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Discussion       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –  35

Implication of findings     –       –       –       –       –       –  39

Summary of findings       –       –       –       –       –       – 40

Recommendations –         –       –       –       –       –       – 41

Conclusion      –       –       –       –       –       –       –       – 42

Suggestion for further studies –       –       –       –       -43

References –     –       –       –       –       –       –       –       – 44

Questionnaire –       –       –       –       –       –       –       – 46

ABSTRACT

The purpose of the study was to determine the common health problems among primary school pupils in Ika North East Local Government Area of Delta State comprised of twenty two (22) primary schools; but during the study, fifteen (15) primary schools was selected for the study. The survey design was used to carryout the study. The population for the study was made up of 1,200 teachers from the fifteen (15) selected primary school. The sample population for the study comprised of 315 teachers from the fifteen selected primary schools and this served as respondents. It was discovered from the study that the common diseases among the pupils in the primary school were; cholera, typhoid fever, cardiovascular disease, malaria, dysentery and diarrhea. It was discovered during the study that the level of preventive measure of those diseases were inadequate.

The level of ventilation in some classes was poor, and the pupils were overcrowded; that led to the emergency of diseases such as measles among the pupils in the primary schools in Ika North East Local Government Area of Delta State. It was recommended that the three (3) components of school Health program should be reinforced to enhance the well being of both the teachers and the pupils. And the school should be provided with health facilities and equipment, and there should be constant immunization of the pupils in the primary schools in Ika North East Local Government Area of Delta State to prevent the outbreak of some diseases among the pupils in the school.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Health as a concept attracts many definition, nevertheless, health is not the absence of disease. It is not synonymous with an individual’s ability to be productive. Health as an indispensable aspect of human being has a lot of roles play especially in the achievement of ones anticipated goals. Health contributes to the excellent academic performances of an individual. A healthful pupil stands a greater chance of positive academic performances than an ill-health pupil. There are several factors militating against the optimal health of an individual. These factors do only affect physical aspect of health alone, but also affect emotional, mental, social and even academic output of an individual. Ghaptanda (2008) stated that health of people is vital to a nation as water is to fish. He also observed that no individual family, community or even country can be happy and progressive in the absence of good health.

In any school, the school Health programme which has three (3) components working together for the achievement of all round healthful living has to be strengthened to enhance the effective and healthful living of both the teachers and the pupils.

The three (3) components of school health programme are: school health instruction, school health service and healthful school living. But when these three (3) components of school health programme are not functional then there is a grate tendency for the outbreak of communicable and non-communicable diseases among the pupils and this will invariably affect their academic performances. Wason (2006) maintained that the outbreak of some communicable diseases among pupils could be attributed to the insanitary nature of the school environment.

Therefore to prevent and control the outbreak of diseases such as cardiovascular diseases bronchitis, cholera, diarrhea, dysentery, malaria, typhoid fever etc. among the pupils in the primary schools in Ika North East Local Government Area of Delta State; there should be adequate supply of portable water, the health facilities and equipment have to be adequately provided in the school, the health personnel in the school give appropriate medical treatment to the unhealthy pupils and lastly, the teacher should educate the pupils on the preventive and control measures of the diseases or infections.

Statement of the Problem

A school environment is supposed to be in atmosphere that supports life. But because of the insanitary nature of some school environment, some pupils have been infected with one illness or the other. These diseases have direct adverse effect in their academic performances. The outbreak of some these diseases have rendered some persons unfit to carry out their daily routine; and if proper attention is not given to the treatment to those diseases, it may lead to death.

Efobi (2001) stated that unhealthy condition affects their children physical, mental and intellectual development. The health problems affect their physical and muscular growth thereby leaving them stunted. Njoku (2006) maintained that some other child related diseases affect the children hearing, sight and speech. He also stated that the health problems affect the children both socially and psychologically. The parents are made to suffer adversely as they go from one hospital to the other seeking their children’s care.  When children are not healthy, teaching and learning may be badly affected which means children will not perform well in their external examinations. It is therefore pertinent to have a study of common health problems in primary schools in Ika North East Local Government Area of Delta State.

Purpose of the Study

Continue reading COMMON HEALTH PROBLEMS AMONG PRIMARY SCHOOL PUPILS →