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EVALUATION OF GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING

EVALUATION OF GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING IN ABUBAKAR GUMI COLLEGE.

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ABSTRACT

This research assessed guidance and counseling service in Abubakar Gumi College, Sabo Kaduna. Efforts were made to assess the conditions the quality of the available counselors and awareness created in the students. The results showed that the Guidance Counselor, through qualified, is not efficient and adequate. The guidance programme is poor organized with no facilities such as guidance counseling offices, large enough for group counseling libraries, computers, and shelves etc. students also do not show any interest in the programme since their interests were not aroused. All of these shortcomings have contributed to student’s poor academic performance in both internal and external examination.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER ONE: Introduction

Background of the study       –      –      –      –      –      –      –      1

Purpose of the study      –      –      –      –      –      –      –      2

Significance of the study       –      –      –      –      –      –      –      3

Research Questions –      –      –      –      –      –      –      –      5

Scope and Delimitation of the study     –      –      –      –      5

CHAPTER TWO: Literature Review

Introduction    –      –      –      –      –      –      –      –      –      7

Concept of guidance and counseling     –      –      –      –      8

Disparity between Guidance and counseling         –      –      –      13

Brief History and development of guidance and

In Nigeria Counseling     –      –      –      –      –      –      –      16

Review of Guidance Practice of the National

Policy on Education        –      –      –      –      –      –      –      –      18

Need for guidance and counseling in Nigeria school            –      21

The school guidance service   –      –      –      –      –      –      27

Problems militating against effective guidance      –      –      33

Strategies for improvement of Guidance counseling     –      38

Previous research findings on guidance counseling       –      –      40

Summary of the chapter       –      –      –      –      –      –      –      42

 

CHAPTER THREE: Research Methodology     

Introduction    –      –      –      –      –      –      –      –      –      43

Research design     –      –      –      –      –      –      –      –      43

Area of the study    –      –      –      –      –      –      –      –      43

Population of the study –      –      –      –      –      –      –      44

Sample and sampling procedure    –      –      –      –      –      44

Instrument for data collection       –      –      –      –      –      –      45

Instrument for Data       Analysis – –      –      –      –      –      –      46

Validity and Reliability of instrument     –      –      –      –      46

CHAPTER FOUR: Data Presentation & Analysis

Introduction    –      –      –      –      –      –      –      –      –      47

Summary of Data   –      –      –      –      –      –      –      –      47

Presentation and Analysis of Data –      –      –      –      –      48

Discussion of Results     –      –      –      –      –      –      –      53

CHAPTER FIVE:    Summary, Conclusion, Recommendation and Suggestion

Introduction          –      –      –      –      –      –      –      –      57

Restatement of the problem  –      –      –      –      –      –      57

Summary of procedure   –      –      –      –      –      –      –

Major finding         –      –      –      –      –      –      –      –      58

Discussion and findings  –      –      –      –      –      –      –      59

Summary and Conclusion to the chapter      –      –      –      –      63

Recommendation    –      –      –      –      –      –      –      –      64

Recommendation for further study-      –      –      –      –      –      65

Reference              –      –      –      –      –      –      –      –      66

Questionnaire         –      –      –      –      –      –      –      –      69

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

It has been very glaring that Guidance and Counseling has been lacking in our educational system, until recently, this discipline has been grossly omitted in the system. Due to the absence of career guidance, many students have not got the proper skill to function effectively in the world of work. A good number of students have not been able to examine their potentialities and attempt to find career that will bring them job satisfaction; this may be attributed to either not Listening to a guidance counsel or not receiving counsel at all. It is therefore imperative to expose out students to various methods or ways of choosing the right career, this cannot be over emphasized. It has been discovered that most schools do not have a functional guidance and counseling rather what exist is a miniature office occupied by teaching staff who offers skeletal guidance occasionally to students a wall as still teach his/her complete weekly periods, hence not having time for the guidance and counseling services.

In view of this schools are encouraged to have a solid and functional guidance and counseling programme being headed bya qualified counselor to meet the individual needs of the students.

Abubakar Gumi College, Kaduna is situated in the South of Kaduna in Chikun Local Government within Sabo Locality.

The school is fairly a large one with a population of approximately two thousand, eight hundred students hence, it obviously needs the services of more than one qualified guidance counselor, to meet the guidance needs of the students. As a staff of the school. I do agree that there exist a guidance counselor but of course this study will determine if it is continuously functional, how qualified and adequate the personnel is.

Purpose of the Study

The research is designed to examine and avert the various problems associated with students studying courses that find no relevance to our society, hence the need to enquire whether the students had no form of guidance while in secondary school. Specifically, this study.

1)   Investigate current Guidance and counseling programmes practiced in our secondary schools with specific reference to Christ Ambassadors’ College.

2)   Ascertain the extent to which the available guidance counselors engages in the programme as well as the extent to which students actually makes use of the available guidance counsel.

3)   Identify strategies for improvement and promote effective guidance counseling programme in our secondary schools.

4)   Identify strategies for improvement and promotion of effective guidance counseling programme in our secondary school.

Continue reading EVALUATION OF GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING

AN ASSESSMENT OF METHODS OF TEACHING COMPUTER COURSES TO COMPUTER SCIENCE STUDENTS IN SELECTED

AN ASSESSMENT OF METHODS OF TEACHING COMPUTER COURSES TO COMPUTER SCIENCE STUDENTS IN SELECTED

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CHAPTER ONE

1.0            Introduction                                                                   1

1.1     Background of the study                                                         1

1.2            Aims and Objectives                                                      4

1.3            Statement of problems                                                   5

1.4            Purpose of the study                                                      6

1.5            Research Question                                                         6

1.6            Significance of the study                                                         7

1.7            Scope of the study                                                                   8

1.8            Limitations of the study                                                 8

1.9            Definitions of terms                                                       9

CHAPTER TWO

2.0              Literature Review                                                        12

2.1       Historical background                                                 12

2.2              Literature Review of teaching methods                        24

2.3            Methods of teaching computer

courses to computer science major                                38

CHAPTER THREE

3.0            Methodology                                                                 44

3.1     Research design                                                             44

3.2            Size of sample and ample selection                                44

3.3            Data collection instrument and procedures                             45

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0            Data Presentation and Analysis                                              47

4.1     Introduction                                                                   47

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0            Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation                58

5.1     Summary of Findings                                                    58

5.2            Conclusion and Recommendation                                 60

References                                                                      62
Appendix 1

 

 

 

 

ABSTRACT

The study focuses on the methods of teaching computer courses to computer science major in selected Nigeria polytechnics.

It examines the background, methods of teaching, tools and equipments use in teaching computer courses to computer science major. The primary data for the study were generated from well structured question broadcasted to random samples of 70 out of 200 NDII students from federal polytechnic Nekede and Abia State Polytechnic and supported with interviews. Frequency labels, simple proportion percentage ratios, average, ranking, and chi-square (test for goodness of fit) for validation of the some of the some of the findings as distributed.

From the data presented and analyzed textbook is the mostly used tool for  teaching computer courses to computer science major.

Followed by the computer but 20% students said that textbooks, chalkboard and computer are the tools used.

It was also established from the study that lecture method, lecture with discussion practical  assignment, and class discussions are the  methods of teaching computer courses to computer science major.

Therefore the researcher summarized and recommend that the NBTE (National Biand for Technical Education) should improve on the  teaching tools by providing enough computers for teaching and learning and the  methods of teaching computer courses to computer science major should be maintained and if  possible across other departments.

 


CHAPTER ONE

 

1.0            INTRODUCTION

1.1     BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Education is an important sector which cannot be fun with any serious country, state, organization or individual and that is why an individual, organization or government uses every means to make sure a good education is provided for her citizens (Adibe, 2001).

One of the means of this provision is the introduction of computer science in polytechnics, as a course of study.

Computer science is the study of the design and use of computer systems. One goal of the computer science department is to provide  the student with the tools to identify those problem that are best solved by means of a computer and to design and implement effective, economical, and creative solutions.

Computer science as an academic discipline systematically includes three domains: Theory, and abstraction, and design.

The curriculum’s required courses give the  students a strong foundation in both the software and hardware aspects of computing, as well as the mathematics and science that underline the discipline. The electives in the later years allow the student to study more deeply some particular area of computer science. The department courses and programmes  continue to respond to changing g requirements for professional employment in computer science.

It is the responsibility of the student to understand and fulfill polytechnic, and  Department requirements. These requirements are described is the polytechnic has gone a ling way to keep those individuals (computer operators) in various way:

i.        To acquire formal education in computer                      science

ii        To register fully as members in Nigeria                                   computer society.

Iii      to reduce non-professionals in the field.

Computer is an electronic device, which is capable of receiving, sorting and retrieving information with tremendous speed, if computer is effectively used, it can help teachers teach computer science students visually in all the computer courses.

This study based  on the  assessment of the methods of teaching computer courses to computer science major in selected Nigerian Polytechnics is trying  to find out those teaching methods use in teaching computers courses.

According to McCathy (1989) common teaching methods are lecture method, lecture with Discussion, panel of experts, Brainstorming, video tapes, class Discussion, case studies, Role playing, Report-Back sessions, worksheets/surveys, index card exercise, Guest speaker, values clarification exercise.

IPSJ Journal (2001), state that the method of teaching computer science in a department of liberal Art is from technique (concretion) to theory (abstraction), of from practices to lecture.

In a physical classroom these is a standard, set of equipment and tools, this usually includes audio-visual equipment such as textbook, a chalkboard, video-visual  video player and tape recorder.

 

1.2            AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The aims and objectives of the study are to assess the methods of teaching computer courses to computer science major in selected Nigeria polytechnics.

1.       It investigated whether textbooks and chalkboard the   only teaching and learning tools in teaching computer     courses.

2.       It investigated whether multimedia instructional aids    are used for both teaching and learning in computer      science courses.

3.       It investigated whether E-learning is used in teaching    introduction to computers.

4.       To investigate the most common teaching methods       for computer courses to computer science majors.

 

1.3     STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS

The objective of teaching computer courses in Nigeria Polytechnics include to equip students with the necessary knowledge that will aid them to identify those problems that can be solved by means of computer system, and to design and implement effectively.

Another objective of the study is to provide the intellectual foundation for future professional development. A cornerstone in this study is ability fro student to reason logical. It is essential that student should be familiar with basic concepts in many computer courses.

Although, there are some other problems such as:

–                     Lack of lecturers to teach computer courses.

–                     Lack of teaching tools

–                     Lack of application of computer to real world situation in their programme of study.

–                     Extreme abnormal dislike or fear and dread of mathematics (one of the  credit required for one to study  computer science).

 

1.4     PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

The purpose of the study is to the methods of  teaching computer courses to computer science major.

Also to educate student to succeed in his/her professional career, which takes place in the context of rapidly changing technology. In order to succeed in this area, the student must have certain knowledge, skills and attitudes.

 

1.5            RESEARCH QUESTION

The objective of the research is to determine those tools/ methods that are used in teaching computer science major in Federal Polytechnic Nekede and Abia State  Polytechnic.

In order to conduct an effective study on the central theme of this work, the following critical questions have been addressed namely:

(a)              What are the tools used in teaching computer courses?

(b)              Is your polytechnic connected via Internet?

(c)              How effective is the use of computer on the teaching and

(d)             What are the most common teaching methods of computer courses e.g. Introduction to computer, computer packages, Computer Programming, and, Computer Hardware maintenance.

 

 

 

 

 

Continue reading AN ASSESSMENT OF METHODS OF TEACHING COMPUTER COURSES TO COMPUTER SCIENCE STUDENTS IN SELECTED

INFLUENCE OF INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS IN THE TEACHING AND LEARNING IN SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL

INFLUENCE OF INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS IN THE TEACHING AND LEARNING IN SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL

 

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ABSTRACT

This study is an attempt to look critically into the influence of instructional materials on the teaching and learning in senior secondary school. Five (5) senior secondary schools in Oredo Local Government Area were selected for this research work. The aims and objectives were clearly stated in chapter one. Chapter two, some related literature were reviewed that discussed the various types of instructional materials, their roles and importance, concepts of teaching and learning. The methodology of this study was based purely on the questionnaires method. Questionnaires were given to students in the various schools sampled. The simple random sampling method was adopted and oral interviews were also used by asking verbal questions from teachers. Lastly, the findings of the research reveal that instructional materials have a very great influence on the teaching and learning in the senior secondary school and therefore, lack of these instructional materials is a major obstacle on the teaching and learning in the senior secondary school. Based on the findings recommendations were made.

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1     BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

Successfully management and realization of objectives of teaching and learning to a large extent can be attributed to many factors. Some of these factors include the personality of the teacher, classroom building learners characteristics availability and effective use of instructional materials. The unique role of instructional materials as an integral part of teaching and learning in classroom situation cannot be over emphasized. This is to say that method of teaching will be grossly incomplete where instructional materials are left out. It is a good policy to use as fully as possible teaching materials that can be made available in school  specially in the secondary school in order to make teaching and learning more real, purposeful and meaningful.    

 

This was why the government in the then 6-3-3-4 system of education subjects like Maths, English, Social Studies, Physics, History, Biology, Fine Art, Chemistry, Economics, Literature in English, Home Economics, Geography, etc and then share them into three groups as Art, Socio-Science and Science subjects as one of the major intellectual achievement of the new educational system. These various subjects are supposed to make man to know understand and exercise some control over his environment and his community, society, the business sector and possibly the world at large. Inspite of these sharing of subjects in the senior secondary school curriculum the result of students was not excellently for the students that graduated, from the research carried out on the result on some students performance between 2001-2004.

 

       The above evidence shows that in the e arly 2000’s the rate of students failure in some subjects was low and this is because the percentage of those who failed the subjects was lower than the percentage of those who passed. In recent , between 2005-2010 students performance during the , during the West African Examination Council (WAEC) in some subjects like Maths, English and Social Studies decline, this is shown in the result of subjects offered in the examination written between 2005-201, that one (1) out of every ten (10) students who sat for the examination had an A3, while other nine (9) students were with other grade (C4, C5, C6, P7, E8, F9), these could have resulted from various factors. Due to inadequate instructional materials and lack of qualified personnel in the educational sector such as teachers and masters of subjects resources persons. Inspite of the instruction of the National Examination Council (NECO) to complement that of West Africa Examination Council (WAEC) the result of the students offering some of these core subjects have not change so much from what it was in the recent past.

 

Though the results of students offering these subjects from national Examination Council (NECO) have quite be encouraging the above survey of students performance in these subjects under these core subjects examination. Over the years shows that students performance in all these subjects had been declining this may have resulted from the influence of the following factors.

  1. i.            Inadequate and lack of instructional materials that are necessary for the teaching and learning process in senior secondary schools.
  2. ii.           Insufficient and unqualified resource personnel for researches in the field and in teaching
  3. iii.         Inabilities of the teachers to improvise the necessary instructional materials for effective teaching of all the subjects that they teach.   

 

1.2     STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

For teaching and learning activities to be effective and purposeful, the teacher has to make use of the right instructional materials. It is in the light of the above that this study focuses attention on the influence of instructional materials in the teaching and learning in some selected senior secondary school in Oredo Local Government Area of Edo State. 

 

 

1.3     PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

The study focuses attention on the influences of instructional materials on teaching and learning in the senior secondary school, specially the study will find out if the adequate utilization of available instructional materials can influence the performance of the senior secondary schools students specially in the class positively. The study will also find out the factors that hinders the effective utilization of instructional materials in the senior secondary schools, in addition the study is aimed at finding out how instructional materials can be used in the class in order to bring about the effective teaching and learning in the senior secondary schools.

 

 

1.4     RESEARCH QUESTIONS

In order to achieve the purpose of the study the following research questions were formulated to guide the investigation.

  1. a.  Does instructional materials when made available relevant to the teaching and learning of all the subjects in senior secondary school?
  2. b.  Does the use of instructional materials being about effective teaching and learning of socio science and all other subjects in secondary schools?
  3. c.   Does the use of instructional materials increase students understanding of all the subjects?
  4. d.  Does the use of instructional materials in the class increase students retention of the subjects matter of all the subjects taught?

 

1.5     SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study when completed will be beneficial to the students, teachers, parents, and guardian and to the local, state and federal government, to the students the studies are important because it will help them to see how important the use of instructional materials are to their understanding of all senior secondary school subjects, specially in the core subjects. To parents and guardians this studies is of great importance because it will help them to appreciate the importance of the use of instructional materials to aid their children, understanding in all the subjects they are taught. This will induce them to join hands with the school authorities to provide all the necessary instructional materials needed to be used in the senior secondary school classroom. The study is also important to the local, state and federal government because it will help them to understand the place of instructional materials in terms of pedagogical practice. This will make them to provide all the necessary instructional materials for use in the senior secondary schools and motivate the teachers financially.       

 

 

1.6     BASIC ASSUMPTION

The study is based on the following assumptions

  1. i.            The use of relevant instructional materials influence students performance in senior secondary school.
  2. ii.           The use of instructional materials by the teachers increase intense understanding of subjects by the subjects matter.
  3. iii.         That the involvement of all teachers in improvisation of instructional materials influence the teaching positively
  4. iv.         Adequate research of this effects was made in Nigeria taking some selected schools in Oredo Local Government Area of Edo State as a case study.    

 

 

 

Continue reading INFLUENCE OF INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS IN THE TEACHING AND LEARNING IN SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL

STRATEGIES FOR IMPROVING LOW ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS

STRATEGIES FOR IMPROVING LOW ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS

 

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ABSTRACT.

This study examines strategies for improving low academic performance in English language in secondary schools in Kaduna state. Over the years, there has been a consistent decline in students’ performance in English Language. This sordid situation has caused teachers, parents, curriculum experts and evaluators a serious concern. To carry out this investigation, data were collected from thirty eight (38) English language teachers randomly from twenty secondary schools in Kaduna North Local Government Area. Analysis of the data revealed that poorly trained English language teachers, poor instructional delivery, lack of infrastructural facilities, teachers’ attitude toward innovation, and the traditional content/knowledge oriented curriculum were factors associated with students’ low performance in English language. Based on the findings recommendations were made on strategies that will improve the quality of performance in the subject. In this work, data collected in the area of material, facilities and human resources available for teaching the subject, using questionnaire, personal interview and relevant textbooks. Put together, the research questionnaire distributed were forty.

 

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

1.1     Background of the Study        –        –        –        –        –        1

1.2     Statement of the Problem        –        –        –        –        –        2

1.3     Purpose of the Study     –        –        –        –        –        –        3

1.4     Research Questions       –        –        –        –        –        –        4

1.5            Significance of the Study         –        –        –        –        –        4

1.6     Delimitation of the Study        –        –        –        –        –        5

1.7     Limitation of the Study  –        –        –        –        –        –        5

1.8     Definition of Terms       –        –        –        –        –        –        6

CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.0     Introduction         –        –        –        –        –        –        –        8

2.1     A Brief History of English Language in Nigeria   –        –        8

2.2     Status of English Language     –        –        –        –        –        9

2.3     Importance of English Language in Nigeria         –        –        11

2.4     The Need for Standard Knowledge of English Language        12

2.5     The Teaching and Learning of English Language –        –        13

2.5.1  Problems of Teaching and Learning English as a Second Language 14

2.6     Forms of Learning         –        –        –        –        –        –        39

CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.0     Introduction         –        –        –        –        –        –        –        51

3.1     Research Design   –        –        –        –        –        –        –        51

3.2     Population of the Study –        –        –        –        –        –        51

3.3     Sample and Sampling Techniques    –        –        –        –        52

3.4     Research Instrument      –        –        –        –        –        –        53

3.6     Method of Data Collection      –        –        –        –        –        54

3.7     Method of Data Analysis        –        –        –        –        –        54

CHAPTER FOUR: PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA

4.0     Introduction         –        –        –        –        –        –        –        55

4.1     Presentation and Analysis       –        –        –        –        –        55

4.2     Summary of Findings    –        –        –        –        –        –        59

CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY OF CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1     Re: Statement of Problem        –        –        –        –        –        60

5.2     Procedure used for the Research       –        –        –        –        60

5.3     Discussion of Findings  –        –        –        –        –        –        61

5.4     Conclusion –        –        –        –        –        –        –        –        63

5.5     Recommendations         –        –        –        –        –        –        64

5.6     Suggestions for Further Studies        –        –        –        –        67

References  –        –        –        –        –        –        –        –        68

 

 

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1     Background of the Study

The modern trend in education and the complex nature of learning and instruction have made the role of the teachers more challenging. This new role does not just involve the more transmission of information to students but it involves looking at the problems associated with learning and instruction. The National Policy on Education (NPE, 2004) in Nigeria emphasized that our children should be educated properly so that they can acquire skills and competencies that would enable them function well and solve problems in the society. The accomplishment and realization of these important educational goals in Nigeria lies in the new trend in the educational approaches.

These new approaches to learning and instruction expose the students to conceptualize and effectively manage their own learning and thus reinforce their learning and transfer their training in practical situations. Despite the new approach to learning and instruction, English language at the Senior Secondary School level in Nigeria has been plagued with poor results and low achievements. Annual results from West African Examinations Council (WAEC) reveal woeful performances from the students who have made enrolment for English language examinations a yearly ritual. It is worrisome to note too that the performance of these students has continued to deteriorate year after year. It is understood that if the situation in English Language remains like this, it will affect both the economic and technological growth of the state. This is because a good mastery of English language is mandatory on all students in order to do well in other secondary school subjects. Students who are handicapped in English language are therefore likely to be handicapped in the acquisition of skills in arts and technological related subjects.

From the foregoing, therefore, we can conclude that English language is an indispensable language of communication in Kaduna.

1.2     Statement of the Problem

This research as stated above concerns itself with the study of strategies for improving low academic performance in English language by suggesting possible solution to the following questions:

i)                        What are the attitude/feelings of the students towards the studying of English language?

ii)                        What account for the decline in performance in the subject (English language)?

iii)                        Do they have enough material and human resources for the teaching and learning process?

iv)                        Do they understand the subject very well?

v)                        Does the Senior Secondary School Certificate (SSCE) syllabus have either a positive or a negative effect on the student performance?

1.3     Purpose of the Study

The main purpose of this study is to find out strategies for improving the performance of secondary school student in English language. Specifically it ought to:

i)                        To find out the types of facilities available in the secondary schools for teaching English language.

ii)                        To identify the methods of teaching used in teaching English language.

iii)                        To identify the extent to which teachers are motivated to teach English language.

iv)                        To identify strategies for improving the low academic performance of students in English language.

 

 

 

 

Continue reading STRATEGIES FOR IMPROVING LOW ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS

IDENTIFICATION OF DIFFICULT TEACHING TOPICS IN INTEGRATED SCIENCE IN JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS

IDENTIFICATION OF DIFFICULT TEACHING TOPICS IN INTEGRATED SCIENCE IN JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN ENUGU URBAN AREA IN ENUGU STATE.

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ABSTRACT

          Identification of difficult teaching topics in integrated science and the causes of their difficulty were carried out in the research. Questionnaire was used to elicit the require information and the results obtained analysed using mean and percentages. Results of the analysis showed that while some topics were difficult to the teachers. Other were easy. The causes of the difficulty as indicated were also found out.

Finally, recommendation were made bared on the research findings.

 

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER ONE

Introduction                                                                            1

1.1            Background of the Study                                                        1

1.2            Statement of Problem                                                    4

1.3            Purpose of Study                                                           5

1.4            Significance of the Study                                                         5

1.5            Scope of the Study                                                                  6

1.6            Research Questions                                                       6

1.7            Limitation of the Study                                                  7

CHAPTER TWO

2.0     Literature Review                                                                    8

2.1     Nature and Structure of Integrated Science                             8

2.2     Qualified Integrated Science Teachers                                     9

2.3     Facilities and Equipment                                                         12

2.4     Area of Difficulties Topics in Integrated Science           14

2.5     Causes of these Difficult Teaching Topics                     17

2.6     Teaching Methods                                                                   19

2.7     Approach to the Teaching of Integrated  Sciences         21

CHAPTER THREE

3.0     Methodology                                                                 25

3.1            Design of the Study                                                       25

3.2            Area of Study                                                                25

3.3            Population of the Study                                                 26

3.4            Sample and Sampling Techniques                                 26

3.5            Instrumentation                                                             26

3.6            Validation and Reliability                                              27

3.7            Administration of Instruments                                                27

3.8            Methods of Data Analysis                                             27

 

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0     Analysis and Discussion                                                         29

4.1            Research Question One                                                  29

4.2            Findings of some difficult Teaching Topic in

Integrated Science by Teachers                                                32

4.3            Analysis of the Results                                                            37

CHAPTER FIVE

Findings, Summary and Recommendation                              39

5.1            Findings                                                                         39

5.2            Summary                                                                       41

5.3            Recommendation                                                           42

5.4            Area of Further Research                                               43

References                                                                      44

Appendix                                                                       48

 


 

Chapter one

 

1.0     INTRODUCTION

1.1     BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Science and technology are concepts in national development which remain indelible in the mind of African and third world leaders according to Ochu and Ekezie (1974).

In Nigeria science was introduced into secondary school system as far back as (1880).

It was first taught as general science and later speared into physics, chemistry and biology. With the introduction of the core science subject, the general science came to be seen as the science subject which was suitable for the less able and it was recommended to the least science oriented and for those who do not intend to pursue science. Syllabus was therefore devised to contain basic elements of biology, chemistry and physics, which should be taught primarily to pupils in the low secondary school classes. (Anani 1977).

Although attempts were made to raise the status of general science with the introduction of a double credit O/level, yet people still questioned the rationale of mere putting together subjects. There was in the early sixties a new wave of thought about science in school rather than open into professional restricting under the conditions of normal classroom culture.

There is a hesitancy on the part of both school teachers to try out innovations in classroom teaching. Activities are rarely included in the classroom deliberation and laboratory programme are seldom organized as an opportunity of exploration. Agarkara (1998), stated that teachers learn very little from experience in the classroom on that capacity of mastering science and new technology logics. Since Iloputaife and Eze (1994) has tried to propose the following tasks.

Lip dating and improving the qualify of science teaching integrating scientific  education and human features, developing a comprehensive approach for science curricula. Focus has been put on teachers processes so as to promote the teachers understanding of scientific method and rationality but the reality of lack of resources in most countries has impeded them adjusting both the contents of their curriculum and textbooks in consequence, and the training of their integrated science teachers which often remains of very poor quality. The curriculum is inter disciplinary and it is supposed to provide the teachers to see the concept and the pedagogical principles which unify the separate subject matter thus harmonizing the knowledge derived from the integrated.

The course is supposed to provide the teachers with a broad view of science which enlightens his interactions with his environment of this mental manipulative and social skills unesco –  unicef (1971).

Essentially, integrated science is designed to develop interest in the teaching that his is encourage to pursue further student in science discipline.

Secondary school was to lay a solid foundation in the learners early study of science for further studied.

A significant proportion of Nigeria J.S.S integrated science. Teachers do not achieve as well as they should in integrated science examination, Iloputaife and Eze, (1994).

 

1.2     STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS

Based on the background of the study. Here, one or two problems are shown.

First, some teachers have the problems of finding some topics difficult to teach in integrated science. This was also confirmed by research evidence in Nigeria, Desai (1994) indicates low   integrated science attainments of teachers. The condition was amplified by the alarming low number of qualified teachers in integrated science area irrespective of the crucial role of integrated science Neera (1996).

Second, as a result, there are some problems in the implementation of the curriculum Olarewaju (1987), besides achievement has been shown to be very low and unimpressive Okebukola and Jegede, (1999). These might negate the philosophy behind the introduction of the integrated science core curriculum as J.S.S leave. Also Jegede (1999) and Akueailo (1998) undependably in their studied tend to show that the teaching of integrated science in Nigerian secondary school are inadequate.

 

1.3     PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

The purpose oft his study is to identify the difficult teaching topics in J.S. integrated science curriculum.

(a)              In the relation to teachings area of specialization

(b)             In relation to teachers qualification

(c)              In relation to availability of instructional materials in Enugu urban area Enugu State.

 

 

 

 

Continue reading IDENTIFICATION OF DIFFICULT TEACHING TOPICS IN INTEGRATED SCIENCE IN JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS