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ABSTRACT

The age of digitalization and globalization has given unprecedented impetus to the development audio-visual technology. Audio-visual instructions in schools have therefore continued to accelerate students’ understanding and appreciation of learning. The value of audio- visual media is further underscored by their positive impact in school libraries, the libraries positive influence of the academic performance of students and the enhancement of teacher’s performance. Libraries are no doubt veritable instruments in a nation’s educational development.

The work therefore focuses on the use of audio-visual technology in school libraries, evaluated the effects of the use of audio-visual technology on the academic performance of students, and proffers solutions to problems hampering the effective application of audio-visual technology in our educational process.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER ONE

Introduction 1

1.1 Background of the Study 4

1.2 Profile of IELC/DISS 5

1.3 Purpose of the study 6

1.4 Significance of Study 7

1.5 Scope of the Study 8

1.6 Research Questions 8

1.7 Hypotheses 9

1.8 Definition of Terms 10

CHAPTER TWO

Literature Review 14

2.1 Development and trends in Audio-Visual Technology 14

2.2 Relevance / Value of Audio-Visual technology 20

2.3 Impact of Audio-Visual Instructions on students 24

2.4 Factors Affecting Audio-Visual Material and Equipment 30

CHAPTER THREE

Research Methodology 36

3.1 Area of the Study 36

3.1.1 Population of the Study 37

3.2 Sample Plan 37

3.3 Data Collection Techniques 38

3.4 Data Analysis techniques 38

CHAPTER FOUR

Presentation and Analysis of Data 39

4.2 Discussions and Findings 50

CHAPTER FIVE:

Summary, Conclusion and Recommendations 56

5.1 Summary of Findings 56

5.2 Recommendations 58

References 60

Appendix 63

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

The global wave in the use of educational technology and its revolutionary effects is a major attraction to the choice of this topic for study. This project examined systematically the effects of the use of students in developing nation like Nigeria taking the case of a private primary cum secondary school library. The choice of private school is pertinent, as most government schools have no functional libraries. There is a growing consciousness among some private school owners on the relevance of functional school libraries.

This project identified that an ideal library exists in International Early Learning Centre / Dority International Secondary School Aba in Abia State. A wide range of audio-visual materials and their equipment for operation abound in the library.

However, many a time materials and equipment are not used in the library. Similarly, the students are unable to use the materials and equipment themselves. There is no convenient time for them to use the audio-visual materials and equipment.

Despite all these constraints, audiovisual technology is adequately used in the school in teaching and learning.

The results gathered indicated that students’ academic performances are significantly improved after being taught using audiovisual technology.

Nowadays, knowledge is recorded in many physical forms. Before printing was invented, the papyrus, vellum, codex etc were used in recording human knowledge. With the invention of printing came books and other printing forms.

Recently, another form of media has come into prominence and that is the audio-visual media. Audio-visual may include graphic materials such as pictures, maps charts, sides etc, and finally multimedia packages such as motion pictures, video recording etc. There are also information-bearing items like microforms, computer readable data files and three- dimensional objects e.g. botanical specimens.

Audio-visuals have a variety of definitions. It is derived from a latin work meaning, “I hear”. In library and information science, it is replay of sound which we hear. This covers microforms, disc recorders, amplifiers, loud-speakers and their enclosures and any other techniques which are used to record or replay sound waves (Sincher, 1977).

Audio-visuals mean something related to sound and visual or light. They include printed materials and their equipment.

Audio-visual materials can be categorized into audio materials and visual materials – Audio include Radio, lecture/talk, Audio tapes/cassette compact Disc, Telephone, etc. Visual materials can be identified by grouping than into two ways-2 dimensional and 3 dimensional; projectiles and Non projectuals. Visual materials can also be classified under graphics/photographic.

Audiovisuals are a combination of audio and visuals. They include TV programmes, multi-media packages, VCR, and even computer programmes. Some cannot be treated without the equipment for using them as progectors, TV receiver, microreader, Record player, photocopying machine, VTR laminating, 35mm camera with accessories etc. they can also exist in some other forms as slides of computer screens, down loading of computer screens to create a simulation of a computer search, interactive video disc which requires the image storage medium, a TV monitor or computer screen, appropriate software, and a means of receiving inputs.

They are usually not in book and so are not easily available. They are usually expensive because some of them require projectors, moreso, they are usually hard to process because they lack some of the normal bibliographic details. They, however, can be catalogued using the territorial areas. Finally, they are of easily accessible to users. They are used mainly as reference materials, and user are encouraged to borrow them.

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

This research work titled. “The use of Audio – visual Technology in school libraries and students Academic performance” is informed by the prevalent global wave in the use of educational Technology Vis the – a vis the situation of nursery, primary and secondary schools in Nigeria. Being an experimental research, the study investigated the use of audio-visual material and equipment in a typical school library (International Early Learning Center/Dority International Secondary School Aba) and evaluated the impacts of the use of such technology on the academic performance of students.

1.2 BRIEF PROFILE OF INTERNATIONAL EARLY LEARNING CENTER/DORITY INTERNATIONAL SECONDARY SCHOOL

IELC / DISS is a private nursery, primary and secondary school. IELC is for the secondary division. The school is owned by Mrs. Zovannah Onuma; an American woman married to Eng. E. Onumah from Abia State, Nigeria.

The nursery section was established in 1984 along faulks Road Aba while the primary section was opened in 1986. However, owing to rapid increase in population of school children, the school relocated to its permanent site in 1992 and it was in the same year that the DISS was opened.

The school is situated at no. 19-21 Umuodu Avenue Abayi Osisiona L. G. A,Abia State. It has a population of over 5,700 and more than 500 workforce including the non-teaching staff.

The school is aimed at graduationg students who are academically competent, constructively self-directed and who are oriented towards being positive, intelligent, sensitive and mature citizens of this country. The school vigorously pursues the attainment of these heart warming objectives.

The school has a library with a strong collection of both print and non-print materials. The library is headed by a professional librarian; a HND graduate in library science and assisted by a professional librarian also, there is also library security.

However, with the exponential increase in materials owing to the new policy of the school to purchase of daily basis a copy of daily newspaper and regular acquisition a of new materials, accommodation for the materials has become a problem. The library also needs more personnel to help in rendering effective service to users and to maintain orderliness and absolute quietude especially when students are using the library.

1.3 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

This research work although is carried out primarily to fulfill the basic school requirement for the award of Technical Teacher Certificate (TTC) is also essentially set to achieve the following objectives:

a. Identifying the various kinds of audio-visual learning aid used in school libraries and in IELC/DISS in particular.

b. Examining the use of audio-visual materials and their media in the school

c. Evaluating the impacts of the use or otherwise of the A/V materials on the academic performance of the students in the school under study.

d. Discovering the constraints inherent in the use of A/V material and their equipment in school library and suggesting ways of redeeming them.

CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL ON THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS

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EFFECT OF CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL ON THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS.

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ABSTRACT

This research work has been designed to investigate the problems affecting classroom management and control and identify the solution facing the problem. This is to enable the researcher suggest measure that would solve the problem affecting classroom management and control. Chapter one, deals with the background purpose and significance of the study, in chapter two, the researcher carries out the literature review by reading book and browsing work relating to the problem of various writers and researcher and their opinion appears to level support to my findings, chapter three deals with the various techniques adopting in getting fact of the study. The use of questionnaire and interviewing methods were adopted to get the information required. The population of the study is made up of one hundred and twenty students and twenty teachers. Data collected from questionnaire were converted into figures and percentages which were arranged in tabular form. These were then discussed in chapter four and some recommendations were made by the researcher.

CHAPTER ONE

This project on the effect of classroom management and control on the academic performance of secondary school students, a case study of selected secondary school in Ovia north east local government area is aimed at achieving discipline among student in that locality

In line with this, the purpose of this research is to carryout a survey of management problems among secondary school s in ova north east local government area of Edo state.

This study will also seek possible way of preventing these management problems among student in secondary by exposing them to simple classroom management control and rules

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

It is hoped that the study will help to enrich the teaching of classroom management and control in schools.

The researcher is interested in the study of classroom management and control because whatever happens the classrooms have a direct behaving to the performance of the students.

There should be discipline among the students to ensure executive teaching and learning.Discipline is important, it involves all the students in the school time table and also includes the teacher’s education officer’s i.e. teacher’s education officer’s i.e. teachers, parents, communities, policy makers in one way or the other, and for example the following generalization can be made about the students attending school they are well glad, happy and well nourished.

Finally,findings from the study will aid teachers in the management and control o ftheir classroom.

SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

There are many secondary school in Benin City,particularly in Oredo local government area of the state, where the researcher choose to limit the scope of the research.

The schools are as follows;

Idia College.
Baptist high school.
Ihogbe College.
Emotan College.
Aglican grammarschool.

The problems that was encountered during this research works include; financial contrast, limited time to carry out the research and above all the tight schedule of the researchers as she had to combine the research with academic work.

THE INFLUENCE OF HOME BACKGROUND ON THE CAREER CHOICE

THE INFLUENCE OF HOME BACKGROUND ON THE CAREER CHOICE OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS

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ABSTRACT

The purpose of this research is to find out the influence of home background on the career choice of secondary school students ion Egor. The research was aimed at the influence a child’s family background would have on his choice of career. In carrying out this research there was a review of related literatures, questionnaires were administered to respondents the students in there schools to collect relevant data. The data collected from respondents were analyzed and interpreted. The findings revealed that good communication between parents and children can have positive influence on the children’s choice of career. Findings also revealed that the family economic status determines a child’s choice of career. It was also gathered that parents lack of early rural instructions and training can have a negative effect on a child’s choice of career. Emphasis was laid on early training, effective guidance and counseling to be given to students to help them make wise choice of career, which will enable them become good citizens. It was also gathered that provision of affordable education, educational facilities, peaceful home atmosphere and other recommendations will help improve a child’s ability and willingness to make a reasonable choice of career.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

Home is a place in which children learn to interpret realities (Wary and Passman, 1996) parents serve as significant interpreters to children for information about the world and children ability (Hall, Kelly, Hansen and Vulwein, 1996) home influence is an important force in preparing students for their role as workers. Young people form their attitude about work and career as a result of interaction with the home. Home background provides the basis on which a student’s career planning and decision making evolves. However, within each home, the level of involvement can very positively or negatively.

Home background factor found to be associated with career choice includes parents socio-economic status (SES), their level of education and biogenetics factor such as physical size, gender, ability and temperament, Panic and Jepson (1992), in a study on adolescent vocational development reported that had the most effect on education plans and occupational aspiration was education. Mortime et al (1992) also reported that parents with post secondary education tend to pass along its importance in their children a finding reported by other studies. Montgomery (1992) votes that students talented in mathematics viewed their career choice as reflective on the interest that stem from early home influence and educational opportunities.

De Piddeo (1990) however, points out that the lower level of parents education can retard adolescents career choice. Being born to parents with limited education and income reduces the likelihood of going to college or achieving a professionally and occupational goals and essentially predetermined the child’s likely career choice. Home income is another aspect of home background that influences the career choice of a student. Mortimer et al (1992) one reason for this may be that home with limited economic resources may tend to direct children first the older children in the home giving less hope and encouragement to the younger children in the home. It is therefore understandable that the self efficacy of students with respect to career opportunities is linked to the economic support they can expect from their parents. Another home background factor found to be associated with career choice include the parents spiritual/health parents who love Jesus and want the best for their children will urge their children to pursue a career that will bring them joy in the future. Thus proverbs 22:6 admonished parents to pay attention to their children while the children in turn should prove themselves obedient (Ephesians 6:13).

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

The standard of education in Nigeria today is gradually falling thus leading to lots of arrangements amongst scholars civil servants, educational planners etc as to what is the immediate and remote causes of the failure and the factors hindering high standard of education, while we may blame governments, teachers, and children, the home which students comes from leave much to be desired. It is important to note that we cannot exonerate the home that a child came from when talking about the students choice of career in secondary school. Home background factors found to have influence the students choice of career is based on parents socio-economic status, parents educational level, parents love for Jesus and family size and parents temperament.

RESEARCH QUESTION

In order to deal with the influence of home background on the career choice of secondary school students the following questions were asked:

1. To what degree does the socio-economic status of parents influence the career choice of students in secondary school?

2. Is there any relationship between the level of education of parents and the career choice of students in secondary schools?

3. Does the size of a home have any influence on the choice of career of secondary school students?

4. Is there any relationship between living condition at home and choice of career of students?

5. To what extend does the ability and temperament of parents affect the choice of career of students?

Home is the bedrock of the child’s socialization processes. A child starts to learn even right from its mother womb and as such as it is born to this world (2 Timothy 2:15) as Gods creature, made in God’s image, the child does not learn in vacuum but rather is active by learning, in a society of humans who influence his guess such society embodies the home which the family belongs to and school source of western education. It is observed that the choice of career of students in secondary school can be denied by their parent’s socio-economic status, level of educational, family size of the parent ability. It is therefore the purpose of this study to investigate the impact of home background on the choice of career of students in secondary schools.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

Students succeed in school when certain factors are put in place or put under control, some of these includes ensuring that the child feeds well at home, get enough rest, does his home work has his work checked by both his teachers and parents, has his school materials, gets adequate encouragement from their parents, useful information should be given the child to guide futures generation of choice of career. In the light of the above, the students will assist parents to have insight into the behavior and needs of their children. The study intends to reveal the factors that impedes or enhance the choice of students in secondary schools.

SCOPE OF THE STUDY

This study is restricted to secondary schools in Esan Central local government area of Edo State. In the realization of similar condition facing most students in other secondary schools in Edo State the survey shall focus on students in their first year and final year of studies.

SCHOOLS SELECTED

Usi-Mart Academy, Iki

Opoji Grammar School Eguare

Opoji Commercial Secondary School, Oki

DEFINITION OF TERMS

1. Involvement: Willingness to show consideration and gentleness and also contribute to a child’s choice of career.

2. Temperament: The parent’s nature shown in the way they react to their children choice of career.

3. Potluck: A meal to which each quest brings food.

4. Missionary: Something sent to foreign land to teach people the goodness of Gods kingdom

5. Exonerate: We cannot say that the home is not responsible in a students choice of career.

6. Impede: Factors that delay or stop students in secondary school from choosing a career.

7. Biogenetic: The genes of the parents such as height, size, etc.

8. Admonish: The bible advice and urge parents seriously to pay attention to their children.

9. Detest: To dislike or hate something.

Socialization: The process of being socialized in been open to the world.

CAUSES OF POOR SANITARY CONDITION IN SOME SELECTED SECONDARY SCHOOLS

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ABSTRACT

he purpose of this study is to find out the causes of poor sanitary condition in some selected secondary schools in Egor local government area of Edo state and suggest possible solution to such poor sanitary condition. The population for the study consisted of pupils in some selected secondary schools in Egor local government area of Edo state. Data is presented and analyzed using simple percentage. Data were collected by mean of questionnaire, the response to and questionnaire revealed the following finds. That there are poor toilet facilities in the schools. That the school have inadequate water supply. That the school means of refuse disposal is inadequate. That there are bushy plots around the school compound. That most of the secondary school have no health teacher. The researcher made some recommendation to the school in order to promote the health standard in the secondary in the secondary schools in Egor local government area. It is my ardent hope that the recommendation made will be implemented by the relevant authorities concerned.

CHAPTER ONE

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Sanitation is the keeping of the environment clean. It can be at home, in the school in the place of work or in the market. Sanitation according to the oxford advance dictionary (2007) define sanitation as the equipment and system that keep places clean, especially by removing human waste: disease resulting from poor sanitation.

Laoye (1976) the importance of sanitation to any community or schools can not be over emphasized. It is away of controlling disease and disposal of refuse I the proper way. From the early time, man has made attempt to environment, but himself has also made the environment a greater threat to his health and life. Government and individual on their own have tried to improve the environmental sanitation, but this has given them a lot of problem to content with.

Infact, the cities are filled up with filthy materials while the rubbish and garbage in the dustbin are not cleared on time. This makes the environment so dirty that people who find themselves living in those areas caught in a web. There are poor storage facilities, inefficient collection and removal from our homes and schools to the depot e.t.c. this has resulted in various health hazards such as air pollution, water pollution and land pollution.

The sanitary condition of environment has become an issue of serious concern to Nigerians, especially with migration of people from rural to urban centre. The problem of environmental sanitation is essentially that of the individuals or family but without the government interference, there is bond to be indiscriminate dumping of refuse in our street, roads and open spaces.

Environmental sanitation (health) has been defined by the world health organization (1973), as the control of all factors in man’s physical development, “health and man” physical development health surreal.

So foluwa (1976) in his contribution to the problem of environmental sanitation, view it as it applies to the environment. He contends that research as revealed that health education seeks to enlighten the maintenance of health. He stressed further that the task force on environmental sanitation should be directed to all categories of people in the rural and urban centre. That is the labourers, market women as well as the professionals.

James (1978), advocated for the right attitude towards health practice. The situation in the school he emphasized should have adequate classrooms, spacious enough to accommodate a good number of students. Health hazard in the environment may constitute fatigue and strains which are against good health. A classical example is uwelu secondary schools were there is poor waste collection, inadequate water supply, poor citing of sewage disposal. This can affect the student psychological. It against this background, that the researcher felt the need to investigate the causes of poor sanitary condition in secondary schools, so as to find a lasting solution to those problems.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMS

The causes of poor sanitary condition has been a major problem in some selected secondary schools in Egor local government area in Edo state. And this include irregular payment of salary to the cleaner, when the toilet is not wash regularly, inadequate refuse disposal and when the bush are not cleared.

Firstly irregular payment of salary to the cleaner is one of the major problem whereby the person in change of the cleaning are not payed, he or she can lead to poor sanitary condition where by the environment become filthy.

Secondly. When the toilet is not wash regularly it can also lead to poor sanitary condition whereby the toilet is not washed daily and flies will be patching on it and this can lead to toilet infection.

Thirdly, inadequate refuse disposal is one of the major problem where by the school do not provide dustbin for refuse dump. It can also lead to poor sanitary condition.

Fourthly when the bushes are not cleared on time it can also lead to poor sanitary condition whereby the bush can attract snake to the school premises.

This has lead to the study of the causes and effect and possible solution to poor sanitary condition problems in Egor local government area of Edo state.

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

The purpose of this study is to determine the causes of poor sanitary condition in some selected secondary school in Egor local government area of Edo state.

1. To investigate the causes of poor sanitary condition in secondary schools in Egor local government area.

2. To promote the development and proper use of health services.

3. To highlight preventive measure in environmental hygiene.

4. To make suggestion on how the health standard in secondary schools in Egor local government will be improved upon.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study shall throw more light on the relevance of sanitation to the schools and community, with a view of finding possible way that will be used in improving the health status, standard and condition reached and maintain by the people. This shall explain more on the causes of poor sanitary condition in some selected secondary school in Egor local government area of Edo stare.

Also this project shall serve as a useful material for school administration on knowing the causes of poor sanitary condition and the possible solution to the causes of sanitary condition.

This study shall also serve as a useful material for the government on resolving the causes of poor sanitary condition.

Finally, this study shall be of great relevance to the tertiary institution student and general public.

RESEARCH QUESTION

1. Is there a regular and adequate refuse disposal in your school?

2. Is there a regular water supply to the school?

3. Are there under developed plots around your school?

4. Are the toilet facilities in your school very poor?

5. Is the school compound flooded during the rainy season?

SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The study is intended to be carried out with particular reference to some selected secondary schools in Egor local government area. The following schools are:

1. Uwelu secondary school

2. Army day senior secondary school

3. Golden touch secondary school

4. Hilltop secondary school.

ASSUMPTION OF THE STUDY

The researcher assumed that

1. Most of the schools have no proper disposal of refuse.

2. Most of the classroom are over crowed

3. The school have poor site of sewage disposal

4. The schools have poor drainage system.

THE INFLUENCE OF GENDER ON THE EDUCATION OF THE GIRL CHILD

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