THE EFFECT OF BULLYING ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF STUDENTS IN SELECTED SECONDARY SCHOOLS.

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ABSTRACT
The project consist of five (5) chapters among the important content of chapter one include the introduction, background to the study, statement of problems, limitation of t he study, definition of terms and purposes of study. All these are some of the important issues discussed in the chapter. Chapter two was devoted to literature review, where different theories were put to proper explanation. Such theories as developmental theory and other theories. Facts and figures of bullying were also included in this chapter. Chapter three focuses on methodology of data gathered. Chapter four dealt on the analysis of data and interpretation of results, while chapter five dealt with the conclusion, summary, and recommendations.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1      BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

In schools, bullying occurs in all areas. It can occur in nearly any part in or around the school building, thought it more often occurs in recess, hallways, bathrooms, on school buses and waiting for buses, classes that require group work or after school activities. Bullying in school sometimes consist of a group of students taking advantage of or isolating one student in particular and gaining the loyalty of bystanders, who, in some cases want to avoid becoming the next victim. School bullying is a widespread issue that affects secondary school students in three essential parts of their lives; psychologically, educationally and professionally. Bullying is a sort of aggressive behaviour against others such as, verbal by calling nasty names, physical by kicking, pushing or tripping up and social by everyone stopped talking to you.

Academic achievement is the first aspect which influences bullying at school. therefore, bullied children live within fear, self-blame,  feel weak and it affects their personality traits and self-confidence, so this situation makes them unable to study well and they might hate going to school. Furthermore, they will lose their opportunities to participate with others or enjoy school activities. Hence, they will gain less academic performance and low educational attainment. There is a strong relationship between bullying and school quality such as class size, lack of library, sports facilities. Both bullies and victims feel more negative about school, and persistent bullying may lead to stress and depression. Bullying can lead to anxiety, low self-esteem, hopelessness and isolation. Children miss lessons or are scared to attend school. They lose concentration when they do attend. Some of the effects last long after the bullying, until they are adults.

One adverse effect of bullying is that it also leads to suicide. While suicide is rare in bullied children, the other effects of bullying are also devastating and last well beyond the time when the child is actually bullied. Many schools have a zero tolerance policy towards bullying, but sometimes have difficulty identifying the victims and the abusers because children are afraid to come forward. Bullying causes long-term problems such as depression and anxiety. In his essay “The long term effects of bullying”, psychologist Mark Dombeck relays his own bullying experiences as a child, as well as the experience of his patients and then, asserts that the anger, anxiety, and depression of that moment often lingers into adulthood, causing problems with keeping a job, forming relationship and even continued victimization in abusive relationship or work environment.

Students who are bullied cannot concentrate in schools, so their grades may be a warning sign that a student is being bullied. A child’s grade may also suffer if he or she misses a lot of school due to bullying. Children who are bullied will complain of headaches, stomachaches, and overall fatigue. This issues are usually caused by mental anguish that manifest in physical ailments. Students who are bullied often use physical complaints to get out of school. additionally, they may avoid infectious from holding crime during the day. A particularly unfortunate effect of bullying is that some children who are bullied go on to victimize and harass other children. In the same way that some student begin to bully at school because they are bullied at home, children who are bullied at school will begin to look for children more vulnerable than they are to bully. It is an effort to exert any power they may have over someone more vulnerable. A bullied children, may, at the demand of his own bully become a bully to another child.

In the light of this problem, the study is designed to assist students, teachers, parents, and concerned bodies on how to avoid bullying in some selected secondary school in Oredo Local Government Area of Edo State.

1.2     STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

This research is aimed at finding the causes and proposing solutions to bullying in the school environment. The problem will investigate into bullying by some set of students and the victims. Whether there are better supervisions during recess, launch time, and break time, whether there are class rules against bullying and class meetings. Whether there are creative solutions to helps students by classroom teachers, whether there are talks with targets, bullies and their parents.

1.3     PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

Having examined the problem to be investigated in the study, it is imperative to state the purpose of this study, hence these include;

i.            To find out the negative impact of bullying on students in schools in Edo State.

ii.           To find out whether students in Edo State are really bullied in schools.

iii.         To find out why the students are bullied.

iv.         To make recommendations on the ways to stop bullying.

v.          To find out the extent to which it has affected the academic performance in Edo State.

1.4     SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY

This research will enable those concerned know how to deal with the problem of bullying and its obvious consequences on school children. These include;

i.            It will enable the victims know why they are bullied and how to avoid being bullied.

ii.           Schools in Edo State will now adopt measures stated to avoid bulling in their schools.

iii.         The effects of bullying on students in Edo State will be better solved in the overall academic performance enhanced.

1.5     LIMITATIONS OF STUDY

This study is limited to some secondary schools in Oredo Local Government Area in Edo State. given that a sizeable number cannot be taken due to time, the study is limited only to ten secondary schools which will be randomly selected.

1.6     RESEARCH QUESTIONS
This research project hopes to provide answers to the following questions;

1.  Is there any difference between violence and school bullying?

2.  Can academic achievement take place without bullying?

3.  Does bullying affect students performance in schools?

4.  Does supervision reduce the effects of bullying?

1.7     SCOPE OF STUDY

This study includes ten (10) students from ten (10) schools that are mixed secondary schools. The f acts obtained will enable the researcher to see if some students are more bullied than others and the effects on the students.

1.  Osemwende Senior Secondary School.

2.  Joseph High School

3.  Mattphilo Secondary School

4.  Christ Mission School

5.  Rezheights high School

6.  Sound Mentality High School

7.  Charity high School

8.  Great Love High School

9.  Gold high School
Sunlight High School.

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THE INFLUENCE OF HOME ENVIRONMENT ON THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF A CHILD

 

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ABSTRACT

The project work was carried out in Oredo Local Government Area of Edo state and the ten schools were randomly selected to look out for the influence of home environment on the academic performance of a child. Some socio cultural problems which are likely to affect a child’s academic performance were examined with four research questions. The instrument used in the collection of data was the questionnaire, which were tested statistically using sample percentage scores. The statistical analysis is that a child whose parents are educated performed better than those whose parents are less educated. The study also shows that learning materials stimulate a child to learn and that a child who has cordial relationship with his/ her parents performs better in school than those who do not. It as also discovered that cultural factors can also influenced a child’s academic performance for instance; a child is likely to face conflict divergent cultures

 

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The academic performance of any child cannot be separated from the home environment in which the child grows up. A healthy home environment offers emotional security to a child. The schools cannot simply provide a continuation of the home environment, but they can play an inestimable role in laying the foundation for the child learn how to read and write, however, this influence is characterized by various factors such as the parents home background learning facilities, levels of parents educational attainment and other socio cultural issues.

Over the years, the society had recorded a persisted increase in the rate of poor performance in the various schools examinations such as the senior secondary school examination (S.S.C.E). Comments from educators have shown that the blame from look of performance has been as a result of neglect and carefree attitude towards academic works by students and parents.

It is against this background that the researcher has decided to investigate on the academic performance of a child. There are innumerable factors which affect a child academic performance as stated above. It is obvious that a child academic performance is directly related to his her environment as well as learning facilities and other socio cultural issues. Every child is born with the same intellectual ability, but a good and conducive environment with adequate learning facilities will help to boost the intellectual and academic capability of the child. Parents from good learning environment will always have good attitudes towards education and provide learning materials such as the television, instructional video tract, books and journals e.t.c that will facilitate the learning process. These as a matter of fact can give a child an edge over his or her counterparts in an environment with poor learning facilities.

Educated parents will always express the belief that it is important to help a child with his or her home work and to review the school work that the child had done but a child from a poor home environment to a large extent is deprived of such opportunities and thus, he or she struggles to service he teaching and learning process. A student in this category is therefore not confident and consisted. Hence he or she experiences how academic performance hence, the motivation of any intelligent child towards learning is being accelerated by the positive influence of his or her environment, while others are negatively affected in terms of their poor home environment.

 

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

The importance of education in an individual cannot be over emphasized. Education has a long lasting impact on one’s life. For example the acquisition of knowledge and skills and all other things that is worthwhile, which are transmitted to a person through formal and informal education determines his or her potential in future.

Basically, we understand that the home is the first school for a child where he or she is taught the basics norms and values by the parents before the child leaves for the formal education. Contrary to popular opinion. Learning and reading begins in school but the first foundation of the child begins in school but the first foundation of the child begins at home. (Binkley 1998)

Base on those facts, this research has to do with asking the following questions on why does student home environment affect student performance in school.

• Unconducive learning environment reduces a child academic performance
• Can the attitude of illiterate parents affect the child performance
• Can the attitudes of illiterate parents of affect the child’s performance

 

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objective of this study are;

1. To examine the meaning of the influence of home environment on the academic performance of pupils in primary school.
2. To identify the influence of home environment on the academic performance of a pupils in primary school.
3. To proffer solution to the influence of home environment on the academic performance of pupils in primary school.

 

RESEARCH QUESTIONS

As regard to the purpose of this research, the following research questions provide the focus of the study.

i)            Does the home environment have any influence on a Childs academic performance

ii)          Do the parents and their academic attainment have any influence on a Childs academic performance

iii)        Do the parents and their academic attainment have any influence on the academic performance

iv)        Is the academic performance of a child influence by his or her socio cultural background?

 

 

SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY

Education is of immense importance to individuals and to the society at large. Educators have greatly assumed that the home environment, to a large extent determines the progress of an individual in learning situation. This study will therefore highlight the significant differences in various home environments. The study will enable educationist and curriculum planners to take full cognizance of individual difference among children in any teaching/ learning environment while planning. It will also help teachers to cater for the various classes of school children in the classroom.

Also, it will enable the teacher to adopt new dimensional approaches while teaching finally parents irrespective of their educational qualification should encourage the child at home, and also provide the maximum stimulation at all times.

 

 

 

 

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A SURVEY OF THE CAUSES OF INDISCIPLINE AMONG STUDENTS IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS

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ABSTRACT

This project work seeks to find out the causes of indiscipline among students in public secondary schools, a case study of Ovia North Local Government Area of Edo State. During the survey, data were collected through the use of the questionnaire in four selected public secondary schools. This research examines important aspects of indiscipline both in the light of psychological knowledge and of the overall task of the society, school, its administrators, and teaching staff and parents. The imperative of indiscipline, its causes, types and solutions are discussed in the project and pedagogical, social, and psychological techniques are proffered importantly. We concluded that all the agent and agencies of education need to put hands on decking order to prevent and curb this social menace called indiscipline in our public secondary schools.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

For obvious reason, we might be tempted to undermine the theme of this paper. Reasons are not far fetched; the topic most academic will say is of common place discourse in the nook and crannies of the country and the world at large. However, we make bold to state here that these are mere assumptions. The topic demands our serious consideration and resolution because of its visible impediment to national growth and development. Currencies are without doubt apparent.

This being so, a clear understanding of a topic begin with an espies on the meaning of the term indiscipline. Indiscipline, a derivative of the word, discipline, according to the chambers twentieth century dictionary is a mode of life in accordance with rules subjection to control.

The oxford advance learner’s dictionary defines it as a lack of control in the behaviour of a group of people. Tulihi and Bello (1980) assert that indiscipline is the breaking of rule and regulation of institutions. According to Uwagie Ero et al (2002) indiscipline is a state of disorder used by lack of training and control to the end. Indiscipline can simply be seen as a mode of life not in conformity with rules and regulation capable of obstructing the smooth and orderly, functioning in the school system.

Adeyemo (1985) school rules and regulations in most cases do affect students more than any other thing because they are made by the school authorities in order to guide and protect the students while in school. The problem of indiscipline is more apparent among school students. Indiscipline among them has attracted serious attention of scholars and administrators. These scholars and administrators attribute indiscipline among public secondary school students in their state of development. They opined that when students notice certain biological changes signaling maturity in the course of their growth and development, they tend to misbehave by faulting school rules and regulations (Mukharjee 1985).

The causes of indiscipline are based on the acts of indiscipline among students in public secondary schools range from deviation from simple norms and instruction of heinous crime infact the list is inexhaustible. Ozula (1986) listed some act of indiscipline which include disobedience, vandalisation, quarreling, fighting, rioting, wickedness, absenteeism, violence, dishonesty, arson, idleness, disorderliness, laziness, smuggling, jealousy, gossip, drunkenness, greed, selfishness, discrimination, corruption, bribery, drug abuse, sex, and raping. Others are lawlessness, kidnapping, murder, oppression, misappropriation of fund and mismanagement. Disobedience is the mother of indiscipline. According to the Holy Bible, from the book of Genesis 1:26, 3:6 says that God created the world and made man above everything therein still man sinned-disobeyed God by eating the forbidding fruit the consequence of this indiscipline was great, God cursed man and drove him out of the garden of Eden.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

This study is geared towards the investigation of the survey of the causes of indiscipline among students in public secondary school and how to curb it. The following shall stand the basic research questions.

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objective of the study is to

1) find out societal influence on indiscipline

2) find out whether home background causes students’ indiscipline

3) investigate how poor school administration causes indiscipline

4) find out if the influence of peer group has in any way contributed to the level of students’ indiscipline in school

5) find out the effect of the mass media on indiscipline

RESEARCH QUESTIONS

The following shall stand as the basis of the research questions/hypothesis

1) What are the causes, problems and solutions of indiscipline among public secondary school students?

2) How does societal morals contribute to indiscipline?

3) Does home background contribute to indiscipline?

4) How does poor school administration affects students’ in disciplinary behaviour?

5) Does peer group influence causes indiscipline?

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The significance of this study is to identify the causes and solutions of indiscipline among schools. These findings will go long way in exposing teachers and other school workers to the major cause of indiscipline in schools. And these will help the teachers in curbing indiscplinary behaviour in schools again, as a result of this research work, principals see their shortcomings and evolve a more effective approach to teaching and school management.

Lastly, the findings of the study would help parents, teachers, school administrators, government and society in general in knowing the various part they should play which could lead to indiscipline.

Continue reading A SURVEY OF THE CAUSES OF INDISCIPLINE AMONG STUDENTS IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS →

ASSESSMENT OF THE CONTRIBUTION OF ADULT REDUCTION PROGRAMME TOWARDS EDUCATION FOR SELF-ACTUALIZATION 

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ABSTRACT

In this research work, a study was conducted towards the contribution of Adult Education Programme towards education for self-actualization in Egor Local Government Area. The research or study was also aimed at really knowing if Adult Education Programme can really do so. In carrying out the study a question was administered to students, parents, teachers in Egor Local Government Area in Edo State, Nigeria. The data collected or gathered were analyzed and interpreted and from it, it was gathered that the contribution of Adult Education Programme can lead to self-actualization. As a result of my personal experience, I will suggest that emphasis should be laid on how government can improve adult education programme in other to contribute to the self actualization of the adult learner.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1  BACKGROUND OF STUDY

Adult education is the education given to adult person, man or woman. Many people think of education as what goes on in a school classroom, a series of lesson on set “subject’ from time to time by examinations and ending in a “qualified” or ticket to ascertain type and level of job, after that the process is over from this point of view, anyone who has never been to school is uneducated and without knowledge. Such a view was the characteristic of colonial period when foreign rulers were anxious to encourage people to absorb a given type of people of knowledge sufficient to make them god clerks or store keepers and not to go beyond that knowledge to independent thought and questioning.

Some learning is informal that is gained incidentally and casually from conservation in the market or a commercial on the radio or the front page of a newspaper. When learning is consciously promoted, it then becomes part of the process of education. If education is life long, it follows that it can be pursued at any given age. Though it is recognized that some types of learning, particularly skills may depend on youthfulness formal attainment of adulthood is often marked by special ceremonies and rituals varying from traditional initiation to twenty first birthday party.

These attribute include physiological maturity the capacity of marriage and parenthood, at least the potential for earning a living and contribution to the society by the work of the hand or brain and the recognized right to exercise whatever civil duties of the political system allows (such as paying of taxes and voting). An adult is expected to take full responsibility for his action for any debt he incurs, for any agreement. A simple practical definition of an adult, which in corporate or implies these point is a person man or woman who has achieved full physical development and elects to have the right to participate as a responsible home maker, worker and member of the society.

Adult education can also be seen as any education given to an adult person, man or woman. It embraces the acquisition of knowledge and skills by adult it involves the literacy training which makes it possible for adult to learn how to read and write. It includes all the education given to adults in traditional society. This is the learning process in the home or at traditional or secret societies or at meeting of age grade all come under the slope of adult education.

1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

The research work is aimed at finding out the contribution of adult education programme towards education for self actualization In egor local government area.

Adult education programme is a planned system for adult learners since the formal school system is unable to meet the need of these adult learners due to their age, the time schedule foe the lectures.

The organizers of the adult education should have broad aim and objectives towards the programme to the true of the federal government education policy.

1.3  OBJECTIVE OF STUDY

Having states the contribution of adult education towards self actualization in egor local government area, it becomes important to state the objectives and thus purpose of this study.

1.  To find out the impact of adult education towards self actualization

2.  To find out if adult really can get a whiter collar job after school

3.  To find out if adult learners can develop their home morally towards knowledge gain during their course of study.

4.  To maintain an adult population up to the standard of competence in the knowledge, wisdom and skill which society requires

1.4  RESEARCH QUESTIONS

For the purpose of this research work, the following research questions were formulated

i.            what are the importance of adult education

ii.           what are the factors that led to adult education

iii.         what is the level of illiteracy in egor local government area

iv.         how can adult education help men and women in the society

v.          is there a relationship between adult education and eradication f illiteracy in our society

vi.         what role is the society playing in the development of adult education programme

vii.       is the level of illiteracy permanent with men or women in egor local government area

1.5  SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY

This is a programme that is designed for adults that were unable to get education at the right time, the adult learner at this point in learning must acquire during this period of study.

The adult learner is free to learn any field he think he will be intelligent, that is his area of specialization, he must be master of his subject and develop the enthusiasm to teach his student. The adult learners, must be good planner of instruction in defining its set objectives and mapping out the appropriate evaluation techniques to achieve the set goal of education.

Continue reading ASSESSMENT OF THE CONTRIBUTION OF ADULT REDUCTION PROGRAMME TOWARDS EDUCATION FOR SELF-ACTUALIZATION →

CAUSES OF DRUG ABUSE AND ITS EFFECTS AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS

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ABSTRACT

This research is carried out to critically review the causes of drug abuse among secondary school students in Oredo Local Government Area, Benin City as a case study. To make this research a reality questionnaires were administered to collect information, the information was collected from different places. The motive behind the research on the causes of drug abuse among secondary school students stem from the belief that students now engage more on drugs than before. This research also seek to find out factors responsible for the causes of drug abuse in schools. The collected data though questionnaires were analyzed computed in percentages. And the following were seen as the major causes of drug abuse in schools; lack of parental care, failure of school system, social disorganization of parents, unlicensed drug stores, and peer groups influence.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

       Drug abuse is a social problem of great concern in our society like other social problems; drug abuse has been attracting the attention of sociologist, political scientist, psychologist, philosophers, criminologist and social workers.

Social worker in particular, have been working relentlessly to provide solutions to the problems posed by drug abuse, to this end, several causal explanations, causes affect as recommendations through drug abuse could at least the reduced in the society. But since the aim has not been fully accomplished, the need for more research work on the problems becomes more imperative coupled with the facts that the problem seriously affects the social, economic, political and academic lives of drug users in both rural and urban areas.

Drug abuse has far reaching effects on the progress and aspiration of the youth of all lends. It determines how far the students can benefit from the available opportunities provided by the homes, the government and the community.

Various definition and explanations attempted is that the age of the students is usually between the ages of 15 years and 18 years old.

Drug abuse is referred to as substance abuse which involves the repeated and excessive use of chemical substances to achieve certain effects. These substances may be street or illicit drugs illegal due to their potentials for addition and abuse. They can also be drug obtained with a prescription, use of the pleasure rather than medical reasons.

The most unfortunate victims of these drug are the students (youths) these acts or activities are never in conformity to the general accept modes of behavior in the society.

Drug abuse can lead to rape, armed robbery, cultism, murder, theft, fighting e.t.c drug abuse leads to a wide range of anti social tendencies as mentioned above. It starts during the adolescent stage where the child feels it s fun to get involved in drugs and can develop into a chronic addict and can cause untimely

i.            Drug: is an illegal substance that some people take, smoke, inject e.t.c for the physical and mental effects it has.

ii.           Abuse: is it to take or use something in a way that is wrong or harmful.

iii.         Drug abuse: a drug is said to be abused when its use is not pharmacological or physically necessary it can also be used to describe a situation whereby the dosage of a given drug is exceeded by the user.

iv.         Addict: a person who is unable to stop using harmful drugs.

v.          Psychiatrist: a doctor who studies and ill mental illness.

vi.         Cannabis: a drug made from dried leaves and flowers of hemp plant which is smoked or eaten and which gives the user of a feeling of being relaxed.

vii.       Alcohol: is a drink that can make people drunk and starts misbehaving.

viii.     Illegal: something that is not allowed by the law.

ix.         Psycho: a person is mentally ill and who behaves in very strange violent way.

x.          Student: a person is studying at a school.

xi.         Social control agencies: these are means through which a society ensures conformity to the existing norms and values of the society.

Death if adequate remedial steps are not taken. It had constituted a set back in the lives of many and has been a menace in all aspect of human life.

The study will concentrate on the causes and effect of drug abuse on students.

The first chapter introduces the project work. It is the means to acquaint the readers with the basic information or knowledge of drug abuse. The chapter two will take a critical look at the explanations of drug abuse with special emphasis on the causes and effects of drug abuse among secondary school students. It will also review the literature of different scholars on the issues.

The third chapter will discuss the research methodology, beginning with the description of the population, proceeding to the sample and sampling method, research instruments, procedures for data collection and finally, the method of data analysis.

The fourth chapter will dwell on the presentation and analysis of data, testing the hypothesis and discussion of findings. The final chapter (chapter five) will deal with the summary, conclusion and recommendations.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

The menace of drug abuse among students has been the centre of attraction for comments, debates and discussion amongst the public, media and other intelligentsia.

Drug abuse has been a problem in Oredo Local Government Area of Edo State Nigeria, cases of students appearing before school and community disciplinary committee, as well as psychiatric homes is on the increase.

The phenomenon exhibits a great deal if worry in some parents, teachers, e.t.c, who are somehow not able to succeed in their attempt to control their addicted children or wards.

The main purpose of the study is to find causes and effects of drug abuse in my community, Oredo Local Government Area of Edo State.

SCOPE OF THE STUDY

       This research work is intended to cover some secondary school students within Oredo Local Government Area of Edo State.

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

       This research work is an attempt to study drug abuse among students in selected Secondary Schools in Oredo Local Government Area of Edo State. I was stimulated by frequent cases of drug abuse amongst youths and its consequences.

The research findings may apply to other parts of Nigeria. The purpose of this study is to;

i.            Find out why students abuse drugs.

ii.           Find out the drug mostly abused in the area.

iii.         To correct the situations by making useful suggestions by making useful suggestions to prevent or control the abuse of drugs.

iv.         To investigate the effect of drug abuse on the academic performance of students.

SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY

       Research of this nature could help in exposing and reducing the causes of drug abuse in Oredo and assist in the preventive measures to the ever increasing rates of drug abuse in the community and else where.

RESEARCH QUESTIONS

       The objectives of this study are as follows;

i.            To identify and discuss the causes of drug abuse in Oredo local government area.

ii.           To examine the effects of this drug abuse on the secondary school students of my Local Government Area.

iii.         To critically examine some social theories which explain drug abuse?

iv.         To suggest possible solution to these anti social tendencies among students.

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