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ABSTRACT

The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of family structure on the academic performance of students in tertiary institutions a case study of College of Education, Ekiadolor-Benin in Ovia North East Local Government Area of Edo State. during the course of this research the researcher found out that the ability to perform well has a great relationship with the structure of the family in which a child is brought up the researcher recommended that parents should try as much as possible to give their children eighty percent (80%) of their time and care in order for the students not to be emotionally imbalanced. More emphasis was laid down on the different types of family structure, if it is either a single parent or grandparent or nuclear family or step parents. One hundred students were used in College of Education, Ekiadolor. Relevant data was collected through the use of questionnaire; they were analysed using frequency distribution and percentage as statistical tools.

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE

Introduction

Background of the study

Statement of problem

Research questions

Research hypothesis

Purpose of the study

Significance of the study

The scope of study

Limitation

Definition of terms

CHAPTER TWO

Review of related literature

CHAPTER THREE

Methodology

Research design

Population and sample

Sampling techniques

Instrument for data collection

Validation of data

Reliability of the instrument

Method of data collection

Data analysis techniques

CHAPTER FOUR

Data presentation, analysis and interpretation

CHAPTER FIVE

Summary, conclusion and recommendation

Summary

Conclusion

Recommendation and suggestion for further research

BIBLIOGRAPHY

QUESTIONNAIRE

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Academic attainment is an important parameter in measuring success in students. Observations and reports have shown that success or high academic achievement has become a Herculean task to accomplish by students in recent times. Poor academic performance was recorded both at the secondary school and tertiary levels of education in Nigeria. The performance of students at all levels in educational institutions in Nigeria has attracted much criticisms from all and sundry and from time immemorial. The decline in academic performance of students in Nigeria has been observed by Soyinka (1999), when he observed that education system in Nigeria need restructuring. He went further to say that academic standard had fallen drastically and the quality of graduates being produced by the nations’ schools is questionable and subject to re-examination.

Poor academic performance of students has been of great concern to educationists, guidance and counsellor in particular. Despite all guidance programmes and counselling strategies mounted in schools to improve the students’ academic performance were recorded yearly. It becomes necessary to find out the causes of such poor performance in Nigeria secondary institutions. Though these poor performances have been attributed to a lot of industries such as students’ factors, like student’s attitude to school, approach to learning and academic self concept. Apart from students’ factors, school factors and parent’s factors, there are other indicators that cause poor performance. on the part of the parents, there are certain factors which influence children’s success, such as parents’ social class, parents’ education as well as parental input and other factors, the family size and birth order may contribute positively or negatively to students’ academic performance.

Family structure in this context refers to the total number of children in the child’s family in addition to the child himself, while the birth order refers to the child’s position in the birth order. However, family type that a child comes from either monogamous or polygamous family usually have impact on the child’s academic performance. It is important to note that either of the family type (monogamous or polygamous) family dictates the structure of the family. Over the last two decades a stream of research consistently highlights the complexities and powerful influences that the home environment have on the academic achievement of students. Bassler, et al (1992) emphasized in their research on family structure that it was an important factor in student achievement. They stressed that when parents and teachers work together, student’s achievement is positively affected. Children living with both parents tend to perform socially and academically.

Achenmbach, et al (2002) the findings were believed to be accredited to factors commonly found in two parents homes, such as sense of self identity, family socio-economic status and consistency within the home. In an earlier study Carlson and Corwran (2001) found that two parents home were beginning to decline at a significant rate. This study also found an overwhelming decline in the academic achievement of students from both parents’ homes to single parents home. It is imperative to note that the study found a significant decline in the academic achievement of students living in both the one parents and two parents’ homes. The results were derived from the influence of family structure on a child academic performance. Macoby and Martin (1983) found that when parents are involved in their children education, it encouraged learning and cultural awareness regardless of the family structure.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

This study aims at assessing the influence of family structure in tertiary institution. A case study of College of Education, Ekiadolor in Ovia North East Local Government Area of Edo State. However, research does not support which family structure is directly linked to high or low academic achievement consequently findings revealed other factors such as socio- parents education, geographic location, gender, teacher expectations and teacher qualifications, these factors have a greater impact on students academics. Students in tertiary institutions are faced daily with the challenges of meeting academic growth, while dealing with balancing and adjusting to the differences among their homes and schools environment. Administrators are charged to ensure that all students are motivated and encouraged to learn and not be labeled or stigmatized because of the uniqueness of the family structure.

Today with high stakes testing and accountability. It is necessary for teachers to be familiar with the different family structure of their students and to understand how family structure impacts academic achievement. The media reports the negativity associated with children living in single parents homes, as low socio-economic, delinquency, academic achievement gap, and school dropout. The odds double when the single homes are of African descent. Often times, Nigeria students from single homes are not given the same admiration as other students, which cause them to become academically disengaged. Since the no child left behind mandates that all children should be reading on grade levels in tertiary institutions it becomes necessary for educators to implement strategies for the educational well-being of all students regardless of gender race, geographical locations or family structure.

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

The purpose of this study was to compare and analyze the influence of family structure in tertiary institution, a case study of College of Education, Ekiadolor in Ovia North East Local Government Area of Edo State. The purpose was also to compare the difference in the family structure and the academic performance level of tertiary institution.

Finally the purpose was to determine whether there is a significant difference between family structure and academic performance of students in tertiary institutions.

RESEARCH QUESTIONS

Is there any significant difference in the family structure and the academic performance level of students in the tertiary institutions?
Does family structure affects the academic performance of a child?
How does family structure influence a child academic performance in tertiary institution?
Does the level of parents education affect the academic performance of a child?

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The result of this study will benefit the lecturers and the policy maker who design programmes and activities for children involved in family crisis. This research study will also benefit parents and the teachers who are interested I the academic performance of students and for those who are interested in finding solutions to addressing the performance. The result will also assist lecturer and administrators with academic planning of programmes and courses for the diverse needs of students, academic programming to include intervention strategies for children from various family structure, geographic areas and genders, sensitivity to the stigmas associated with children living in one parent homes, as opposed to children living in the two parents homes.

BASIC ASSUMPTION

It was assumed that the rese4archer would exhibit integrity and honesty during the retrieving and reporting of data. It was further assumed that all data retrieved would be analysed and reported accurately without biases to participant’s gender or geographical locations. It was also assumed that the researcher would report all data with confidentiality in regards to the performance level of students and schools.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Family: A family is a group of people affiliated by consanguinity, affinity or co-residence.

Structure: It is a fundamental, tangible or intangible notion referring to the recognition, observation, nature and performance of patterns and relationship of entities.

Family structure: family structure is the way that a household or family is set up, it can either be single parent or both parents.

Academic: It is connected with education, especially studying in schools and universities.

Single parents: A single parent is a parent, not living with a spouse or partner, who has most of the day to day responsibility in raising the child or children

Parents: parents are caretaker of the offspring in their own species.

Tertiary: It is also referred to as third stage, third level and post-secondary education, it is the educational level following the completion of a school providing a secondary education.

Administrator: It is a person for the performance or management of administrative business operations.

THE ROLE OF PARENTS IN THE CAREER DEVELOPMENT OF THE CHILD

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ABSTRACT

The purpose of this research work is to examine the role of parents in the career development of the child. The research was carried out based on three research questions formulated by the researcher. The researcher then used questionnaire which was evenly distributed between five (5) primary schools in Ikpoba Okha Local Government Area of Edo State to elicit the views of various respondents. The data collected was tabulated and analyzed appropriately with the use of simple percentage method of data analysis and at the end it was discovered that parents really do not have a specific to play in the career development of the child since the role of parents would vary from time to time depending on the child’s decision to accept assistance or not. In this regards, all the parents needs to do is to be the child’s career counselor.

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

Background to study

Statement of problems

Purpose of study

Significance of study

Research questions

Scope of study

Limitation of study

Definition of terms

CHAPTER TWO:

Literature Review

CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY

Population and sample

Sampling techniques

Instrument for collecting data

Validation of data

Reliability of the instrument

Method of data collection

Data analysis techniques

CHAPTER FOUR

Analysis of data

Discussion

CHAPTER FIVE

Summary, findings, recommendations and conclusions

Findings

Recommendation

Conclusion

REFERENCE

QUESTIONNAIRE

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

According to the Oxford Advanced Learners dictionary (7th edition) career is the period of time that you spend in your life working or doing a particular thing while on the other hand development is the gradual growth of something so that it becomes more advanced, stronger etc. from the concept of the definition of both career and development, one would be quick to conclude that career development is the change, growth or improvement over a period of time in a job that someone spends most of his or her life working at. In order to achieve a successful career development process, it is important that the child’s personality or point of interest comes to congruence, with the chosen career, that is why Holland (1959) said, career development congruence, the most extensively studied topic in career development is how well an individual’s interest match with their career goals. In Holland’s theory, congruence is the agreement between an individual’s personality (i.e. their level of interest in either realistic, investigative, social, conventional, enterprising or artistic realms) and their occupational goals. Holland went further to say that when an individual’s personality is congruent with their occupational goal, there is little or nothing that can be done to influence their career choice and if otherwise, this might lead to lack of dedication in execution of career duty.

Another factor that can also contribute to the successful career development process in the child is the parent. Parents are the single most influential factors in the career development of their children, yet most parents are not adequately informed about how to help. Parents need to know how to use career information, how to assist in exploration, how to support development of interests and abilities and how to challenge the stereotypes facing their children.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

It has been seen that many parents across the strata of the society form the habit of choosing career for their children and from close observation, it was observed that the level of performance, dedication and seriousness to work of some of those people who had their career chosen for them by their parents deteriorates by the day and as such ends up in a dismal state. If not properly addressed, the problem of ending in the wrong profession may lead to lack of fulfillment in life, non-achievement of personal futuristic goals and sometimes underachievement in career life. It is against this backdrop that the researcher intends to examine the role of parents in the career development of the child.

RESEARCH QUESTIONS

In order to guide this study, the following research questions will be considered.

How does the relationship between the parents and the children determine the role of parents in the career development of the child?
How does the psychology of the parents determine the role parents play in their child’s career development?
How does the educational background of the parents determine the role they play in their child’s career development?

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

The purpose of this study is to examine in details the role of parents in the career development of the child, how parents can assist their children in career development. This study will also help parents to understand how to help the child create many opportunities for experimentation and how to help the child to tear down artificial limits or barriers to career development.

BASIC ASSUMPTION OF THE STUDY

During the cause of thorough research on the role of parents in the career development of the child, the following assumptions were made;

Most parents who choose career for their children or ward actually do so to suit their selfish interest.
Some parents choose career for their children based on the financial acquaintance of the career.

SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The scope of this study covered five primary schools in Ikpoba Okha Local Government Area and it examines how the relationship between parents and children, the psychology of the parents and the educational background of the parents determines the role they play in their child’s career development process.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Guardian: Somebody who is legally entrusted with the duty of managing somebody else affairs, especially a minor.

Examine: To inspect or study somebody or something in details

Experimentation: Process of doing something new in order to see what happens.

Artificial: Unnatural

Barriers: Structures that prevent access or keeps one place separate from another

Relationship: Behaviour or feeling towards somebody else

Psychology: characteristics mental make up

Journal: A magazine or periodical published by a specialist containing contributions relevant to their area of activity.

Congruence: Appropriate in a particular situation.

Strata: A class in a society

Dedication: The hard work or effort that somebody puts into an activity because they think it is important.

Deteriorate: To become worse

Dismal: Sadness

FACTORS MILITATING AGAINST THE SUCCESSFUL TEACHING OF SOCIAL STUDIES IN SECONDARY SCHOOL

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FACTORS MILITATING AGAINST THE SUCCESSFUL TEACHING OF SOCIAL STUDIES IN SECONDARY SCHOOL:

A CASE STUDY OF AROGBO CITY ACADEMY AROGBO IN ESE-ODO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA IGBEKEBO, ONDO STATE

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ABSTRACT

This project work is a critical examination of the factors militating against the successful teaching of social studies in secondary schools using Arogbo City Academy, Arogbe Ondo State as a case study. The project work therefore studies the factors, militating against the successful teaching in secondary schools students. The data collected from the questionnaire administered to the school used a sample here was critically analyzed using simple percentage method the result of the study shows that the factors ,militating against the successful teaching of social studies has effects on the Nigerian child, especially in the area of academic performance. A research project work presented to the Department of English/Social Studies College of Education, Ekiadolor-Benin in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the Nigeria Certificate in education (NCE) and this research work were conducted in Ondo State, Ese-Odo Local Government Area. The population of the study consist of teachers, principals and students of Arogbo City Academy, Arogbo in Ese-Odo Local Government Area of Ondo State. Sampling techniques, the correspondences were selected using simple random sampling techniques. The objectives of the study, the objectives are analyzed the factors militating against the successful teaching of social studies in Ese-Ondo Local Government Area. To examine the factors militating against the successful teaching of social studies, to provide information on how to improve the schools, teaching social studies, to examine the facilities in the school made available. To investigate the role teaching social studies teachers of some ensuring successful teaching.

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE

Introduction

Background of the study
Statement of the problems
Objectives of the study
Research questions
Significance of the study
Scope of the study
Limitations of the study
Definition of terms

CHAPTER TWO

Literature Review

CHAPTER THREE

Methodology

3.1 Research design

3.2 Population of the study

3.3 Sample size/sampling techniques

3.4 Sources of data collection

3.5 Method of data collection

3.6 Method of data analysis

CHAPTER FOUR

Data Presentation and Analysis

CHAPTER FIVE

Summary of Findings, Conclusions and Recommendations

5.1 Summary of findings

5.2 Conclusion

5.3 Recommendations

BIBLIOGRAPHY

APPENDIX

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

The schools in Ondo City are either being controlled and maintained by government or private individuals few notable secondary in Ondo City are Arogbo Secondary, Adoloseino Secondary School and Erubin Secondary Schools. The 6-3-3-4 system of education is made up of 6 years primary education, 6 years secondary school and 4 years university/tertiary education. The secondary education is made up of three years each of the junior and senior secondary education. Each level of education has its general and specific objective as well as measures out tuned to promote the realization of the objective. The above system of education differs from the old system of education, where the primary education has a duration of 6 years, secondary education lasts 5 years while university education has a duration of between three and four years as the case may be. (6-5-2-3 or 6-5-2-4).

Social studies as a subject has several attractive characteristics. The factors that stand in the way of effective teaching of social studies. Effective teaching is crucial in order for students to reach educational success in the classroom. Unfortunately, there are factors militating against the successful teaching of social studies in the secondary schools. Teachers need to be aware of the factors militating against the effective teaching in order to create positive learning environment for all students to learn. Classroom management, if a teacher loses control of classroom, even for a few minutes during a transition from one activity to the next, chaos can result. It can be difficult to gain students attention and get back on the track forward meeting learning objectives. Teachers should maintain an organized classroom. Communication, if a teacher does not maintain clear communication with parents, staff members and students, effective teaching is difficult to achieve. Teachers must speak clearly and loudly enough. Additionally, the teacher should frequently check for understanding to make sure she is getting the point across. This also includes answering any question properly. Teachers should have clear classroom objectives for students to achieve, and students should be fully informed about what they are expected to learn and where they are in their progress. If a teacher is unclear in her instruction, all students will be unable to learn and move on to new materials.

Lack of content knowledge, if a teacher is not well versed in the content area, she/he is unable to fully educate students on all areas of learning in the subject. Teachers need to be knowledge on the subject that they teach. Teachers should be able to answer all questions that students may have or be able to show students how to conduct the appropriate research in order to find the answers. If a teacher does not know the content area she/he is not credible and could lose the respect of her students, colleagues and parents of her students. Disruptive behaviour this can include students talking out of him, talking to many restroom breaks, tardiness, cell-phone use, not doing class work or sleeping in class. Teachers should establish class with clear consequences of if students break the rules. This will help prevents disruptive behaviour in the classroom and allow students to get best possible education.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Social studies in the school curriculum is faced with some worse teaching problems. The problem in this study therefore is to analyze some of the factors militating against the successful teaching of social studies in the Ese-Odo Local Government Area. These problems have raised a number of questions which when fully surveyed and critically analyzed will be of immense help in solving this main problem.

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objectives of the study is to analyze the factors militating against the successful teaching of social studies in Ese-Odo Local Government Area.

To examine the factors militating against the successful teaching of social studies
To investigate the quality of teachers teaching social studies
To provide information on how to improve the schools teaching social studies
To examine the facilities in the school made available
To investigate the role teaching social studies teachers of some ensuring successful teaching.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

It is hoped that the findings of this study will identify some factors that may have affected the successful teaching of social studies in secondary schools. This study will also act as a guide towards solving the problems of providing the necessary human and materials resources for the successful teaching of social studies. The findings will act as reference work for further investigation in this particular area by other researchers.

RESEARCH QUESTIONS

To guide the process of gathering data for his study, the following research questions are raised.

What are the factors militating against the successful teaching of social studies in the study areas?
What is the quality of teachers teaching social studies in the study areas?
How can the teaching of social studies be improved upon?
What are the facilities needed available in teaching of social studies in the school?
Does your school have well equipped materials?

SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The research work has been narrowed down to examine the factors militating against the successful teaching of social studies in the Arogbo City Academy Arogbo in Ese-Odo Local Government Area of Ondo State. The schools are located in different areas of the local government. They are all government educational agencies that have embarked on the implementation of the secondary school structure as recommended by the Nigeria policy of education.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION PROGRAMME

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THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION PROGRAMME IN EDO STATE, A CASE STUDY OF OREDO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF EDO STATE.

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ABSTRACT

This study was carried out to investigate effectiveness of the environmental sanitation programme on the people of Oredo Local Government Area in Edo State of Nigeria. The local government have recently adopted a dynamic approach to the issue of the environmental health problems through self-help and self-initiative. It is hoped that such a self initiative would go along way in minimizing cost, of health care delivery and make health practice real to the people. It is also assumed that such a programme would obviously have some significant effectiveness on the physical psychological and sociological and economic growth and development of the community in which it operates. To investigate these assertions, three hundred (300) people from fifteen (15) different areas in Benin city of the local sanitation task force in different areas were used for the study. At least twenty (20) respondents were randomly selected from each of the sub-areas for the data collection. The instruments use for the collection of data were questionnaires, oral interviews, documentary evidences and participant observation. The data were analyzed using percentage scores. The result of the study show that a dynamic new programme of environmental sanitation indeed exists in Benin City. And it was also found that the programme has contributed significantly towards the physical, psychological, sociological and economic development of the community. Based on the findings of the study it was recommended among other things that:

1. Every community should emulate the urban experiment were by the environmental health care delivery is the responsibility of all the sundry.

2. Children of ender age should be involved in keeping their surrounding clean, in order to “catch them young” towards “Health for all by the year 2,000”.

TABLE OF CONTENT

Chapter one

Introduction

Statement of problem

Purpose of the study

Hypothesis/basic assumption

Significance of the study

Limitations

Delimitation

Definition of terms

Chapter two

Review of related literature

Chapter three

Methodology

Research population

Sampling techniques

Research instruments

Administration of instruments

Data analysis techniques

Chapter four

Data analysis

Findings and discussions

Chapter five

Summary

Conclusion

Recommendation

Bibliography

Appendix

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF STUDY

It is believed that God created man representative to be in control of the environment and make the best out of it. But man in his search for daily bread, quest for knowledge and materials wealth, has turned round to pollute the beautiful environment. From the earliest times man has been striving to control the environment. But as said earlier, man owns the health and life. That is why he found himself from the dragon headed problems he has caused himself in recent times. Environmental sanitation has become a topical subject at international, national state and local spheres. This is aim at initiating action to arrest the fast deteriorating environmental health status worldwide. In Nigeria, today the congestion of people in urban areas which is mainly as a result of rural urban migration the concentration of industrial establishment and share increase in population have made the control of the environment imperative and equally challenging.

To improve the general environmental sanitation of the major town in Nigeria has always constituted a big problem to both individual and government with the result that the town/cities are being strangulated by things generated by the inhabitant. The result of this condition is environmental pollution in all its ramification. The problem of pollution has also found its way into the political area and every community in every state has been confronted difficulties of his environment. To the man concern regarding pollution is the adverse effect exerted on the health of the people. The problems of poor sanitation and unhygienic behaviour among the majority of Nigerians are so serious that the federal military government had to come into check the situation towards achieving “health for all by the year 2013” as declared by the world health organization (WHO). Several strategies were mapped out and adopted by the federal government (the military regime in 2013 to achieve this objective. Consequently, the environmental sanitation programmes were mounted throughout the federation. This was followed by the establishment of the “task force on environmental sanitation” at both state and local levels to co-ordinate this elaborate programme.

Environmental sanitation committees were appointed with members down from various walks of life. Serious sanitation were imposed on individuals public and private establishment or corporate bodies who fell short of the expected governments guidelines on environmental sanitation or health habits and practices. For instance, dirty filthy private premises dumping of refuse in unauthorized places. Urinating or defecating in public places were punishable by the fine ranging from N 100-1000, or punishment as the case may be.

Food hygiene, street trading, unauthorized parking of vehicles were also areas of concern which were also embedded in WAI “War Against Indiscipline” meant to inculcate in people correct healthful living habits, attitude and practices. Later, incentives were put and the programme became competitive in nature among the various state and local government areas of the federal republic of Nigeria. Consciously or unconsciously, most of our town and cities were given some face-lift for sometime. Health implication of their poor health habits and practices the motives of the environmental sanitation programme are often misunderstood to their “statuquo” when they are no longer closely supervised.

Infact, the problem of poor environmental sanitation and unhygienic behaviour among the majority of Nigerians have persisted despite the various sanctions or stringent measured taken by governments and other health agencies to enforce a change of attitude among the people. It is important to note too that all the while emphasis has been concern about the mass rural population or communities that contribute significantly to the urban populace, it then stands to reason to assert that the individuals home orientation would also be unconsciously exhibited in a new environment. Hence the neglect of the sanitation crusade at the grassroots level has made the sanitation efforts in most of our town and cities abortive.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMS

The main concern of the study, therefore is to identify and investigate and find out answer to the following sub problems.

1. The psychological impact of the programme on the life of people of Oredo Local Government Area of Edo State.

2. The sociological effectiveness on the people of Oredo LGA by the environmental sanitation programme.

3. The effectiveness of the programme on the economic development of the community.

4. The effectiveness of the Oredo experiment on the physical development of the said community.

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

The central purpose of the study is to investigate the effectiveness of environmental sanitation programme in the study areas. The main purpose of the study is to;

Examine how environmental sanitation is carried out.
Investigate the factors militating against the effectiveness of environment sanitation
Provide information on how environmental sanitation can be improved upon
To investigate the role of government officials in environmental sanitation

RESEARCH QUESTIONS

How is the environmental sanitation carried out in the study area?
What are the factors militating against the effectiveness of environmental sanitation?
How can the environmental sanitation be improved upon?
What is the role of government officials in environmental sanitation?

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The “Oredo experiment” is a unique venture in the recent time and in the history of environmental sanitation in the urban level. The result of the findings of the study would therefore be useful to not only the government but also to individuals, the public and the community. To the government, it could help in reviewing their former strategies with a view of achieving health for all at a low or no significant cost. The findings and recommendation may stimulate health challenges in other rural/urban community towards inculcating and maintaining health habits and practices thereby advancing lasting solution to the fast global environmental decay.

To the community, the study could be a source of motivation that could immortalize the initiative of the people and so this health practice part of the people so this health practice part of the people culture. The result of the investigation could also initiate further research in the health area, in the effort to establishing a more dynamic health culture for the world at large.

DELIMITATIONS

The environmental sanitation programme is being carried out in the country at national, state and local government levels. The effectiveness of this programme on the lives of the people is also unique to each of the above units.

For the purpose of this study, therefore, the researcher limited herself to the effectiveness of physical, psychological, sociological and economic life of the people of Oredo LGA of Edo State.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

In the course of this study certain operational technical terms were unavoidably used in the write-up to express some views. Those terms have however, been defined therefore the quick understanding of the reader.

1. Catch them young- The act of involving children of tender age in the sanitation activities-aimed at training them to group with good/correct health habits, attitude and practices.

2. Environmental sanitation-the control of all those factors in mans environmental which exercises or may exert a delicious effect on his physical development, health and survival.

3. Influence- The impact made by something through invisible or intangible means.

4. The mass-community Action-A joint cooperative and coordination venture involving all members of the community.

5. Mass-Mobilization-involvement of all able-bodies citizens in carrying out a programme.

6. Modus-operand-The manner by which an activity operated.

7. Pollution- Contamination or unfavourable change in physical, chemical or biological conditions in the environment, which exert may exert harmful effects on the quality of human life. Including effects on other animals, plants, industries as well as cultural and aesthetic assets.

8. Population- A group of individuals of the same species inhabiting in a specific area.

9. Status Quo- The original state of affairs/habits.

10. Task force- A temporary merging of units or individuals under once command with the purpose of accomplishing a specific mission or finding a solution to a particular problem.

11. World Health Organization (WHO) This is the greatest world health organization. It was formed in 1942. After the Second World War. It is an arm of the United Nation organization (UNO) and has its all-independent nations are members.

THE ESSENCE AND EFFECT OF BREASTFEEDING ON THE GROWING CHILD

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THE ESSENCE AND EFFECT OF BREASTFEEDING ON THE GROWING CHILD; A CASE STUDY OF IKPOBA OKHA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF EDO STATE

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