EFFECTS OF INDECENT DRESSING IN THE NIGERIAN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION: A CASE STUDY OF COLLEGE OF EDUCATION, EKIADOLOR-BENIN

 

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ABSTRACT

This project looks at indecent dressing. Dress pattern that is common among students of higher institution of learning in Nigeria. The various forms that these dresses appears, reasons why these students dress indecently, use of the internet, fading values as well as demonic influence among others. The negative repercussions include rape, prostitution, HIV/AID and other venereal diseases/infections as well as armed robbery, lying and poor school grades. The instrument used in the collection of data was questionnaires; the result showed that indecent dressing has a great effect on students in higher institutions. It was recommended that parents should be good moral examples to their children. They should given them attention and regulate the films they watch at home and that the media must promote good moral values.   

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER ONE  

Introduction

Statement of problem

Research questions

Purpose of study

Significance of study

Limitations

Definitions of terms

CHAPTER TWO 

Review of related literature

CHAPTER THREE       

Research design and methodology

Target population

Sample population

Instruments used for data collection

Method of data collection

Administration of questionnaire

Method of data analysis

CHAPTER FOUR

Data analysis and result

Research findings

Discussion of findings

CHAPTER FIVE

Conclusion

Summary

Recommendations

REFERENCES    

QUESTIONNAIRE      

 

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1    BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

Indecent appearance has come to characterize the dress pattern of many students on campuses of higher learning in Nigeria, there is hardly any higher institution of learning in this country that is not faced with his nauseating problem. The way students on theses campuses of learning particularly the female ones dress seductively leaves much to be desired. What the girls call skirts that they wear is just “one inch” longer than their pants. When they put on such dresses, they struggle to sit down, find it difficult in climbing machines, cross gutter as well as pick anything from the ground. Apart from the skimpy and tight fitting nature of these dresses, they are again transparent, revealing certain parts of the bodies that under normal dressing patterns ought to be hidden away from the glare of people. In the case of boys, their pattern of dress is different. It makes them to look so dirty and very unattractive with unkempt hairs and dirty jeans having pockets of holes deliberately created around the knees and the lower part of the trousers allowed to flow on the ground because they go through their heals into their legs as socks.

The waist of their trousers are lowered and fastened tightly at the middle of the bottom lobes to reveal their boxers (pants) and when they are walking they drag their legs and one of their hands particularly, the left one, cupping their invisible scrotum as if they will fall to the ground if not supposed. Many of them because of how they dressed had at one time or the other become victims of rape, lured into prostitution, used for ritual purpose, unable to complete their education or training and also engaged in other ancillary social and moral problems like cultism and lying to mention these few. Although, there are known universally acceptable way or ways of dressing, dresses are meant to serve some definable purpose, country or region notwithstanding. They are part of the peoples culture and they define their tribal or ethnic identity. Apart from dresses being a means for cultural identity they are for ornamental or aesthetic purposes, for protection of the body against harsh weather condition as well as covering the intimate part of the body. These purposes are important especially as they form major aspects of a person’s personality. But as important as these purpose are, they have been defeated by the Nigerian youths, their dress pattern are most time anti-African dress pattern invented. They usually dress in a manner that does not show especially that of Nigerian encourages modesty in appearance as do the Christian and Islamic religion where the larger population of these youth claim to be worshiping God. This un-african dress pattern among the youths of this generation are generated a lot of concern and worry among the citizenry of the country. Religion institution as well as institution of learning are not resting on their bars to watch this moral act being perpetuated, but they speak against it. For instance Olori (2003) reported that at the university of Abuja rules were made that any dress won must cover intimate part of the body, must not expose the breast, stomach, navel and bare chest. But on this campus student still dress indecently.

In the same vein, in Edo State College of Education Ekiadolor, where this study is focused, it seems that the introduction of a dress code was misinterpreted by the students to mean they should dress indecently. This is because what became obvious with students in this college after the introduction of this dress code was the alarming and arrant ways that they begin to dress indecently. One is not however surprised because what is typically of most Nigerian administrators is always a wide gap between policy and formulation and execution. Indecent dressing even though is not accepted as the normality, it seem to be gaining ascendancy. One wonders what becomes of the society tomorrow with the caliber of students that are being trained.

If rules are made for people, they suppose to be adequately informed why such rules are made. It is for this very reason this project attempts to counsel students about the cause, effects of indecent dressing as well as suggestion of solutions that could remedy the further spread of this immoral act on campuses of learning in Nigeria.

 

 

1.2    STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMS

This behaviour is of a hydra headed origin. It is not just a behaviour that developed overnight, but an accumulated behavioural pattern that could be attributed to the home due to neglect and/or poor parenting. The effects of globalization arising from wrong values of exportation and importation, reflection of high rate of moral decadence in the large society (corruption and the led), peer pressure and the desire to belong as well as fading values and demonic influence all contribute to the act of indecent dressing.

 

 

1.3    PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

The main motive of the study is to investigate the effects of dressing in the Nigerian educational sector. Indecent dressing in higher institutions of learning, emphasis on college of education, Ekiadolor, Ovia North East Local Government Area of Edo State. This study is to find out whether students of higher learning can still dress decently.

This study intends to find out possible solutions to indecent dressing in the Nigerian educational sector. Many teachers, administrators, security personnel, counsellors are worried when it comes to evaluating indecent dressing.

 

 

1.4    SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

Parents, school administrators, society leaders are some of the important factor that contribute to the indecent dressing of students in higher institutions of learning. It is hoped that this study will identify some of the vital factors existing in the various levels and what influences students indecent dressing.

The result of the study will be of immense importance to all and sundry particularly educational administrators. Teachers and others who may be interested in the welfare, progress, educational upliftment and advancement of students. The study will bring into focus the need for government to incorporate parents in planning the progress and upliftment of the students.

 

 

1.5    RESEARCH QUESTIONS

For valid conclusion to be drawn in this study the following  research questions have been formulated to serve as guide in the conduct of the investigation.

1. Does poor parenting have any impact on indecent dressing of the students in higher institutions of learning?
2. Does peer pressure have any impact on indecent dressing of students in higher institution of learning in Nigeria?
3. Does society have any impact in indecent dressing of the students I higher institution of learning?
4. Does educational sector have any impact in indecent dressing of the students in higher institutions of learning?

 

1.6    SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The scope of the study covers the effect of indecent dressing in the Nigerian educational sector using the college of education, Ekiadolor as a case study.

 

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Dress: A piece of clothing that cover someone’s’ body

Indecent: Offensive or shocking

Skimpy: Of (clothes) short and revealing

Ornament: Am object designed to add beauty to something.

Aesthetic: Concerned with beauty or its appreciation. Having a pleasant appearance.

 

 

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THE IMPACT OF WOMEN’S EDUCATION IN THE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF EDO STATE:

A CASE STUDY OF OREDO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF EDO STATE

 

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ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study is to survey the role of women education in nation building. A self designed questionnaire was used as the research instrument. Ten research questions are formulated and percentages are computed. The first research question states do Nigeria women contribute to nation building. The second research questions states, does the women function effectively in the modern economic system. The third research question state, education is seen everywhere as the quickest and most effective means of transforming women. The four research question states, does education of women improve social status. The fifth research question state, do women reduce population growth rate in the society. The sixth research question states, does education give women access to technologies. The seventh research questions state, do you find education of women more effective to the society. The eight research questions states, does education of women improve the lifestyle of women. The ninth research questions states do you agree that women education can improve women dissemination of ideas. Result revealed that the research one was accepted research question was accepted,. Research questions three, four, five was rejected; research question six, seven, eight, nine and ten was also accepted. This shows that the role of women education contributes to nation building in Oredo Local Government Area. Conclusion was reached based on the result and findings of this study. Discussion, implication and suggestions were made based on the existing literature in the field of study.     

 

 

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE  

Introduction

Statement of problem

Purpose of the study

Research questions

Significance of study

Scope of study

Limitation of study

CHAPTER TWO 

Literature review

CHAPTER THREE        

Methodology

Data collection

Population of study

Sampling procedure

Method of data analysis

CHAPTER FOUR

Presentations and analysis of data

CHAPTER FIVE 

Summary Concision and Recommendation

Summary

Conclusion

Recommendation

Suggestion for further research

REFERENCES

QUESTIONNAIRE      

 

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

It is no longer in doubt that women play very significant role in the development process on human society. Recently, the need and importance of women education has come on the increase most countries, especially developing countries have stated create an avenue through women would be educated. The world as a whole has also begins to recognize women’s education and how important it has become.

In Nigeria particularly, education is valued so much that it is looked upon as a prerequisite for all the short comings of society as well as the surest means for nation building. According to Omegbe (1998) “education itself is the development of an individual through training, transmission of what is worthwhile to the point that he is able to fit into his environment and contribute to the best of his ability, to the well being of the society. The national policy on education stated categorically that; the federal government of Nigeria has adopted education as an instrument per excellent for effective nation building, because of this belief, education has been pursed single-mindedly in most part of Nigeria. It should be noted, that women account for roughly half of the world’s population, perform the third of the hours worked, receive one tenth of the worlds income and have less than one hundredth of the worlds properly registered in his name.

According to the World Bank Report (1996) gave us the population of women, that women makes up a higher percentage of the rural populace out of about 70% of Nigeria’s rural populace, women account 50% hence, they bear the brunt of the difficulties of rural life. In a similar vein Okukpon (1994) “women constitute more than half of the adult population. They produce 80% of the food requirement and play a major role in the handling of food and maintenance of the home. The high rate of non participation amongst women is alarming and there is need to create awareness on the danger for not participating or playing active role in nation building. Most states in Nigeria including Edo State have shown considerable interest in women education project for enhancing women’s productivity towards nation building.

Fortunately, women have not rested in protesting against discrimination. They have asked for a second to some extent concessions and strategies aimed at the emancipation towards contributing their quota in the nation. Education is seen everywhere as the quickest and most effective means of transforming women. The most important role women have to play towards contributing to the building of nation is a theme that is currently in vogue and a lot of emergent activities are channeled towards women in the country through the federal states and local government programmes. According to Edukugbo (2002) cited in Imogie (2002) gave an opinion that the property of a country depends not on the abundance of its revenue, nor the strength of its fortification, but on the numbers of its cultivated citizens, men and women of education, enlightenment and character. There are problems and set back in spite of the effect of the state agenda, federal government and non government organizations are walking towards women education programmes. To what extent where the goals and objectives achieved so as to enable the women participate contribute to the nation building.

 

 

 

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMS

Since the launching of the international women’s year by the united National General Assembly Resolution of 18th December, 1973, the awareness on the importance of women’s education has increased tremendously. However, the involvement and contribution of women to nation building have still not reached its peak and the level to which it ought, there is still some level of illiteracy amongst women and this factor makes the awareness of their need to participate in nation building unpopular.  This study is therefore centred on the role of women’s education in the nation building. A case study of Oredo Local Government Area. In order to provide a detailed analysis, the study will investigate into;

1.           Women education programmes in Edo State.

2.           Political, economic, social cultural, religious and physiological problems, which confronts women education in Edo State, inspite of government and non government effort.

3.           Programme embarked upon by the government and non government agencies to bring about social change among women.

4.           The impact to such programme on the participants and notion building.

 

 

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

The purpose of the study is to access women’s education and identify the role in nation building, most especially in Edo State. Many governments in the world including Nigeria have now come to realize the role of women in nation building, if empowered and given the chance to contrite their quota. Based on the problems already stated above, the specific objectives of the study is to investigate the role of women education in nation building.

 

 

RESEARCH QUESTIONS

The following research questions were formulated for the study;

1.           In what way does a woman in Edo State encourage the acquisition of education?

2.           To what extent do Nigeria women contribute to nation building?

3.           To what extent has the seminar/workshop contribute but to worth potential in the society,

4.           Does the woman function effectively in the modern economic system?

 

 

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY 

It is an indispensable truth that education is the instrument for attaining and affecting nation building. Since education helps development and develops an individual, it enables one function effectively in any environment. The fact that women’s education will improve the life of women enhances their income, make themselves reliance and put them in good position to contribute their quota to nation building of their communities and the nation at large. This study will act as resource materials to any person or adult educator that might have the need to know the role of women education programmes in Edo State. This study will also act as veritable materials to the people who are involved in women’s education programmes and its participants so that they would be in a position to appreciate the positive effect too. This will not only make for progress of the programme but will ensure its institutionalization.

 

 

SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The effect of the coverage of this perfect work will be on Edo State and the changes that have been procured through women’s education so far in the state. Some of the variable to be considered as regards the development. That have taken place will be; looking at the women political status, their management positions, their level of literacy and if it is affecting the customs, religious beliefs, if it is doing the local government more harm than good, and most especially the socio-economic efficiency of the state. So far through women education.

 

 

 

DEFINITION OF TERMS

For the purpose of clarity, the following terms are defined as they apply to this study.

Role: According to the oxford advanced learners dictionary the function or position that somebody has or expected to have in an organization, therefore, we can deduce from the point above that role is the function or position that women is expected to have in the economic.

Education: The preparation of person in order for them to affect their societies positively by becoming skilled and knowledgeable.

Women: According to oxford advanced learner dictionary are defined as adult female human beings.

Nation: A group or people who live in a particular area under the government with same language, culture and history.

Building: The oxford advanced learners dictionary sees building as to become gradually stronger.

Nation Building: The change in the attributes belonging to a particular nation or a total increase in the quality status of life of the people in a nation.

 

 

 

 

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RELEVANCE OF BINI GREETINGS TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF EDO LANGUAGE

 

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ABSTRACT

This project work is written and designed to emphasize the relevance of bini greetings to the development of Edo language. This study will possibly explain the various types of greetings in Edo. The classification and the materials were based on expert opinion official records and personal observation. The functions and relevance of the various Edo greetings were also discussed. The study was concluded by advancing suggestion or recommendation that would enhance the practical utilization of Bini greetings in Edo State.

 

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE

Introduction

The origin of the Binis

Who are Edo people

Occupation of the Binis

Edo salutation

Purpose of the study

Statement of problem

Significance of the study

Scope of study

CHAPTER TWO

Review of related literature

CHAPTER THREE                 

Methodology

CHAPTER FOUR         

Historical background of Bini greetings (Otue Edo)

CHAPTER FIVE           

Summary, conclusion, recommendation

BIBLIOGRAPHY OR REFERENCES       

 

 

         

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

THE ORIGIN OF BENIN

There are many versions of the origin of Benin or more appropriately the Edo people. Chief Dr. Jacob Egharevba account stated that many years ago, the Bini’s came all the way from Egypt to found a more secure shelter in this part of the world after a short stay in the Sudan and at Ile-Ife which accounts take no real cognizance of the culture which migrant people bring along with themselves to their new founded land.

As a further proof that the Edo people do not come from Egypt, one may say that the Egyptian writing culture is significantly absent in the Benin (Edo) culture. The origin of the Edo people remains on Edo land and cannot have it origin from Egypt which lends none of her culture to the Edo. The nearest in form and style to Edo culture is that of ancient Romans whose law, culture, social and architectural forms compare in similar terms to the ancient Benin (Edo).

This is not to say that the Benin’s migrated from Rome but it indicates that life spines up at different points on the earth surface and the Edo people cannot be excluded from such a natural phenomenon. In short, no one can say where the people came from the Edo mythology says that Benin is the cradle of the world. It is believed that the Oba of Benin (King of Benin) owns the land as given to him by God Almighty. The Binis are the dominant sub-group of the total ethnic group know as the Edo the tribe of this ethnic group are among the numerous tribes that occupy Edo State of Nigeria as a result of migrations and various quarrels among them in the early century, some Edo’s left the kingdom this exodus explain the origin of several Edo’s tribe, including Ishan Owan Akoko –Edo Esako Urhobos etc.

The local government areas which are predominantly Benin territory are Oredo having Benin City as its headquarters, Uhunmwonde having Eho as its headquarters, Ovia North East having Okada as its headquarters and Ovia South West having Iguobazuwa as the headquarters, Benin City is also known and called Oredo and it is the traditional headquarters of the Bins.

 

 

WHO ARE THE EDO PEOPLE  

The Edo people of South Western Nigeria are divided into a number of sub-Units. The people of Benin occupied the heart land of the territorial patrimony of the Edo race and they constitute the people of Benin Kingdom. The principal town of the Edos is Benin City and it is the ethnic rally point of the Edo race from Benin City each of the ethnic sub-Unit drawn spiritual substance and derives her sense of racial identification. Benin is called Edo by its inhabitation. The Edo constitute the people of Benin Kingdom whose land is terminous with the present Oredo, Ovia, Uhunmwonde and Orhionmwon Local Government Area, a satisfactory explanation why this sub-unit came to be known by the name Edo is desirable as it will throw more light on those parts of our history which still remain obscure. The edos (Binis) do not call themselves by the genetic name of the race Edo and in some contexts Ivbie Edo. The origin of the current name Edo is fully documented by chief Egharevba (1954) as follows:

“Edo was a slave to the Ogiefa He saved Eware from a sudden death When he was about to be arrested by the chiefs. In order to immoralise the name of his defied friend, Edo, for the good service he rendered him (Eware) changed the name of the city from Igodomigodo to Edo according to his friend’s name.

The same individual that refers to himself as Ovbiedo (child of Edo) or Ovien Oba which literally means kings slave but in essence a subject of the Oba (king) and so not served bounded individual as some European writers have interpreted the expression. The Ovbiedo or Ovien Oba must specifically speaks of himself as a child of his village or his region of the kingdom in which he lives. The major regions are defined by the people in terms of the main rivers, this explain the description Iyeke Ogba (trans Ogba) Iyeke Ovia (trans Ovia) Iyeke Orhionmwon (trans Orhionmwon) and Iyeke Ikpoba (trans Ikpoba)

 

OCCUPATION OF THE BINIS     

The occupation of the Binis is mainly farming (Ugbo nagbe) trading (eki nado). There are also involved in hunting (obafi) and crafts.

 

EDO SALUTATION

The Edo name for greeting is otue and the Binis strongly believed that when character is lost all is lost. Character being respect honour and dignity which all make up greeting. It is the natural law that the young one must greet the elder first but this is reversed when the younger one fall sick and the elder has to greet first. Greetings (otue) are peculiar ways of respect to co-equals juniors and elders are held by the culture and tradition of the people.

Culture which could be seen as the general pattern or way of life of the people includes beliefs customs tradition and morals. Traditional greetings differ from one culture to another. The English from good morning, good afternoon to good evening as permitted by their culture and tradition. This is applicable to other cultures in the world but in different, words that might mean the same thing. In Nigeria where there are over one hundred different ethnic groups, they equally have variation in their ways of greetings Benin a home of culture and tradition, where the Binis are in the majority have diverse ways of greetings (otue) for any action exhibited, it has a particular greeting that goes with it.

The focus of this project is on the differences in greetings generally as well as in the diverse form of greeting adapted from one family (egbe) to another, and also their historical background. The greeting begin from lamogun which is solely for royalty those that are of the royal linage (egbe oba). This is unlike her close neighbor the urhobos which has one form of greeting in the morning for example miguo means my knees on the ground. Every family in Benin has its own identification greeting known as (ukhu egbe) which is peculiar to the lineage (unien). Every member of the family renders it’s to his/her elder in the morning. The same family greeting can still be rendered at any time of the day. This exception will however, validity applies if the giver sender is seeing the receiver for the first time on that day. This links us up with the saying in Edo that egben a ya rhiorre o re owie.

The reason why a study of the extended family greeting (ukhu egbe) of the Binis is to be carried out are as follows:

1. Since greetings (otue) is a part of the culture of the Binis, there is need to know the different types and the origin of Bini greetings (otue Edo).
2. To enable the Bini child know and internalize hjis/her culture property instead of the good morning, good afternoon the western civilization.
3. To enable any Bini child know more about his/her own seasons.
4. To enable the Bini child us the appropriate form of greeting (otue) at the appropriate time event and season.

 

STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS   

Benin as a home of culture and tradition has not much documented facts to show for the diversities in their traditional salutation (otue) from one family to another.

 

 

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY 

Amongst the Binis, salutation (otue) is considered very important because. It is seen as a way of showing respect to elders and it is also a part of the people way of life that is their culture. Tylor defines culture as that complex whole of man’s acquisitions of knowledge, moral, beliefs, art, customs technology etc which are share and transmitted from generation to generation.

1. This project work is geared towards the expansion of knowledge in the area of greeting in Benin (Ukhu egbe na a tue vbe edo).
2. It is to enable this generation and those yet unborn to uniqueness of their own family greetings.
3. It will serve as a reminder to the Binis about the origin of family greeting (Omwahen O Ghe Ukhu Ne A Tue Vbe Edo).
4. It will score as a resource materials to students and scholars who are interested Benin greetings and history.

 

 

SCOPE OF THE STUDY

This research work will be limited to Oredo Local Government Area of Edo State for the following reasons;

1. Oredo is the central seat of the administration that is, it is where the Oba of Benin (Omo N’ Oba N’ Edo Uku Akpolokpolo Oba Erediauwa) as the traditional head has his throne and from where he administer the kingdom.
2. Oredo is regarded as the major town among Bini towns and Villages.
3. All other extended families including chiefs and Enigies Edo (as well as than subjects) of other earthly groups in Edo land have their attributes in Benin.
4.  Oredo is regarded as the cultural centre of the Binis.

DEFINITION OF TERMS  

Greeting – first words used on seeing somebody or in writing to somebody

Culture – State of intellectual development of a people

Tradition – Handing down from generation to generation of opinions beliefs customs etc

Others in Edo means greeting: salutation in English

 

 

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CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF EXAMINATION MISCONDUCT AMONG STUDENTS OF COLLEGE OF EDUCATION, EKIADOLOR-BENIN, EDO STATE

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ABSTRACT

The concern for quality and goal oriented education in Nigeria, necessitated this study. This is because a nation is driven by the quality of education provided for her citizens. However education in Nigeria today can truly be said to be bedeviled by numerous problems, one of which is examination malpractice. This paper discusses issues in examination malpractice, pointing out the causes of its consequences. It is recommends various ways of controlling the scourge.

TABLE OF CONTENT

Chapter One

Introduction

Background of the study

Statement of problem

Purpose of the study

Significance of the study

Research questions

Limitations of the study

Delimitation of the study

Definitions of terms

Chapter Two

Review of related Literature

Origin of examination malpractice

Causes of examination malpractice in secondary school

Agent of examination malpractice

Forms of examination malpractice

Consequences of examination malpractice

Chapter Three

Methodology

Research design

Population of study

Sample and sampling techniques

Research instrument

Validation of instrument

Reliability of instrument

Administration and collection of instruments

Chapter Four

Presentation and analysis of data

Discussion of findings

Chapter Five

Summary, recommendation and conclusion

References

Questionnaire

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

It is true that no nation can rise above the quality of education provided for her citizens. And since the advent of western education in Nigeria, examination has being the major instrument used for the evaluation of learners (or student’s achievement). It is a means of assessing the quality and quantity or performance that an individual has accumulated at the end of a teaching process which may spread over a period of seventeen weeks.

Furthermore, education has been adopted as an instrument for national development. Therefore, government, communities, private organization and individuals have established educational institutions with a view to training the citizens for the development of the nation’s physical and human resources. In these institutions, teaching and guidance activities are supposed to take place so that appropriate skills and knowledge can be acquired by the students.

However, machinery through which the extent of knowledge and skill acquisition is determined at each stage of education has been set up. This is in form of examination which would be organized in order to evaluate, assess and test knowledge and skills. The outcome of the examination is used as a basis for decision making on the examinee’s ability. The examinee is consequently awarded a certificate which could qualify him for admission into a school, promotion into higher level of an institution and employment opportunities.

Moreover, many decisions which emanate from examination may not be valid due to involvement of examinees in malpractices. When such decisions are upheld, the certificate awarding institutions would be promoting and graduating incompetent personnel who would not be able to contribute positively to national development. Examination malpractice occurs in both internal and external assessment of educational outcome. It is a problem which has been afflicting the educational system for many years. It seems to have defiled solutions, so all antidotes applied so far have been faulted by fraudsters. Infact, it constitutes the most serious problem facing Nigeria educational system in general and secondary education in particular (Adesina, 2005).

Therefore, there is a need to sanitize the nation’s education by getting rid of examination malpractices. This is a challenge to the administrators of education within and outside the school system. In this paper, quality assurance is examined as a practical solution to examination malpractice.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

From the above, it can be seen that success in examination serves as a good motivator for students, teachers, school administrators and employer of labour. On the other hand, failure to perform successfully in examination demoralizes all and sundry, especially secondary school students. Therefore, it is the crave to succeed and avoid frustration and or any embarrassment associated with failure that makes students engage in “examination malpractices” which has threatened the very foundation of our educational system.

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

Taking into consideration the problem stated above, the purpose or objective of this particular study includes:

–               To find out the causes of examination malpractice in secondary schools.

–               To find out the agents of examination malpractices.

–               To be acquainted with the consequences of indulging in examination malpractice.

–               To proffer lasting solution to the problem.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

–               It is hoped that at the end of the outcome of this study will expose students to the causes of examination malpractice.

–               To expose students to the consequences of indulging in examination malpractice.

–               To eradicate examination malpractice among students.

RESEARCH QUESTIONS

–               What are the causes of examination malpractice?

–               At what stage do examination malpractices occur?

–               Does examination malpractice have a negative effect on the students?

–               Does examination malpractice affect our educational system?

DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY

This study is restricted to College of Education in Ovia North East Local Government Area. In this context, some students were selected for the study.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Examination: Examination can be defined as the instruments used for the assessment of individual’s skill and knowledge, content both in general and specific areas to studies and overall academic achievements.

Examination malpractice: Examination malpractice can be defined as a deliberate act of wrong doing, contrary to official examination rules and is designed to place a candidate at an unfair advantage.

Education: Education can be defined as a process of teaching, training and learning especially in schools or colleges to improve knowledge and develop skills.

Evaluation: Evaluation can be seen as a process of forming an opinion of the amount value or quality of something after thinking about it carefully.

Achievement: Achievement can be referred to as something that somebody has done successfully using their own effort and skills.

Accumulated: This means to gradually get more and more of something over a period of time.

Accreditation: This refers to an official approval by an organization stating that somebody or something has achieved a required standard.

Assessment: Assessment refers to the act of drudging or forming an opinion about somebody or something.

Indispensable: This refers to something that is too important ot do without.

Demoralizes: This means to make somebody lose confidence or hope

Sundry: This means something that has to do with everyone and not just a few special people.

Crave: This means to have a very strong desire to do something.

Potent: Potent means something that has a strong effect on somebody or something

Competence: Competence has to do with the ability to do something very well

Motivator: It refers to the particular reason why somebody does something or behaves in a particular way especially something that involves hard work and effort.

Continue reading CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF EXAMINATION MISCONDUCT AMONG STUDENTS OF COLLEGE OF EDUCATION →

THE EFFECT OF MOTIVATION ON THE PERFORMANCE OF TEACHERS IN SOME SELECTED SECONDARY SCHOOL IN OVIA SOUTH WEST LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, EDO STATE

 

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ABSTRACT

Attempt has been made in this study to examine the effects of motivation on the performance of teachers, a case study of some selected secondary schools in Ovia South West Local Government Area, Edo State. The hypothesis gotten from this research work shows that there are many causes of low performance of teachers but motivation serve as the main factor. The questionnaires were administered and collected immediately. The population for the study is some selected secondary schools in Ovia South West Local Government Area Edo State. The data collected were analyzed with the percentages method. 

 

 

 

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE

Introduction

Background of the study

Statement of the problem

Purpose of the study

Research questions

Hypothesis

Significance of the study

Delimitation of the study

Limitation of the study

Definition of terms

CHAPTER TWO 

Literature review

CHAPTER THREE        

Research methodology

Population of the study

Sample and sampling technique

Research instrument

Validity and reliability

Method of administering the research instrument

Method of data analysis

CHAPTER FOUR

Presentation and analysis of data

CHAPTER FIVE

Summary, conclusion and recommendation

Summary of findings

Conclusion

Recommendation

REFERENCES    

QUESTIONNAIRE  

 

 

    

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

The teaching profession previously was accorded with respect, honor and dignity. This enviable profession was a sort of motivation to many teachers. Also not only afford life career and permanent membership but also renders services to the public. It has code of ethics; the code of ethics for teachers is contained in the handbooks of the Nigeria union of teachers. They were revealed and give pride of place in the study. But recently, the government and all its organs neglect teachers and the educational sector, while motivation can be brought about by adequate remuneration, fringe benefits and recognition. They can also be made to occupy high social status in the society.

However, in spite of the facts that this motivation was not really there, teachers still did their work conscientiously producing desired result. There is no doubt before 1980 teachers started to recognize their own worth and demand for their right when these was not forth coming their attitude to their work began to change and this was the beginning of the down word side in education in the country. It was also the beginning of industrial actions by teacher’s nationwide. From 1980 till date, the country had witnessed countless number of strikes and counters strikes as the many other establishments, strikes is a common action embarked upon by workers over the years. There have been wide spread concern on what teachers can do effectively and how this condition of services could be achieved, the resultant effect was a further determination of students performance. This has been the major concern of the researcher who has decided to find out.

According to Nwanchukwu (1990) it is a fact that frown both the lay man and expert point of view the level of performance in way organization are remunerated and other monetary incentives. There is no other saying that the primary motive of investing is to meet the organization goals therefore there are certain factors which need to be considered in order to attain the above is the realization of objectives. Moreover, it is important to note that motivation is important if the desired level of performance would be attained. Thus the employers they should be aware that old methods of persuading society to produce the desired result. Therefore, it is necessary for employers of labour to be fully equipped with all the motivational tools and their applications if the stated organizational objectives would be activated. It is the hope and the belief of the researcher that if employers wants their employee to perform effectively they should reciprocate by providing the necessary incentives for examples newspaper, daily times in expressing the light of teachers work that it is totally unjustifiable and well reasonable to notice bond treatment towards teachers.

Teachers arte the producers of the following bank manager, oil miners, judge, chief accountant, lawyers, senators, governors even the president. But it is the salary of the teachers that is always delayed and it is the arrears of salaries to teachers that are usually dumped in sides dustbins untouched at the school boards is in heaven. Thus they succeeded in maintaining and improving educational standard as by Ubjuke effective performance on the part of the employers is essential for the success of the organization. An understanding of what motivate individual is necessary to reveal and potential released.

In the light of this problem the study is designed to assist measure and explain the performance of teachers, in some selected secondary schools in Ovia South West Local Government Area of Edo State. This study is interested in teachers as they occupy a significant role in the development of any country. It focuses on secondary school teachers who will be called upon the shoulders the responsibilities of seeing to the successful take off of introduced six years course in secondary schools. The teacher therefore needs to be lightly motivated for successful take off this performance.

 

 

STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS 

This research aimed at finding out the causes and proposing solution on the problem of motivation of teachers. The problem will investigate into the salary of teachers and how often their salaries are paid in companies with other workers in the public sectors whether there is adequate facilities, including laboratory equipment, textbooks, adequate finance and conducive environment for teacher to carry out their job. Whether the nature and structure of job can act as a motivating factor and also what are the attitudes of teachers as regard remaining in the profession.

 

 

PURPOSE OF STUDY 

Having stated the problem to be investigated in the study, it becomes imperative to state the purpose of this study. The purpose of the study is as follows:

1.           To find out the impact of the motivation on teachers performance

2.           To find out whether the proper use of motivation techniques have a positive or negative effects on the performance of teachers.

3.           To find out whether teachers in Edo State are presently satisfied with the condition of service.

4.           To find out whether financial incentives improve workers performance more than non-financial incentives.

5.           To find out the extent to which motivational determinants are in teaching profession whether the teacher in Edo State will quit teaching profession.

6.           To make recommendations to the government and appropriate authority concerned based on the findings of the study.

 

 

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY 

This research will enable those concerned know how to develop t4eaching profession in Nigeria and how to endure greater satisfaction in them.

It will provide for an opportunity for enhancing the performance by understanding motivation, as to improve performance.

i.             It will provide for an opportunity for enhancing job performance by understanding motivation determinant and actions involved in them so as to improve performance.

ii.            As useful lesson to all that extensive control is not the best of b=obtaining effects and cooperation at work.

iii.          It will help to ascertain really motivate teachers apart from monetary rewards, such information will go a long way to suggest how best to improve the performance of productivity of teachers in Ovia South West Local Government Area of Edo State at large.

To give direction to the study the following research questions were formulated they are; 

1.           Are you satisfied with your present salary?

2.           Does increase in salaries motivate you?

3.           Is your salary the same with that of your counterpart in their profession?

4.           Is your salary paid regularly?

5.           Are you satisfied with the promotion of teachers in this local government?

 

 

SCOPE OF THE STUDY

These studies include teachers from (8) secondary schools and all these are mixed schools, because there is no any boys or girls school in this local government. The fact obtained will enable the researcher to see if some teachers are more motivated than others and the effect on the school concerned.

1.           Ihogbe College

2.           Akenzuwa II Secondary School

3.           Emotan Secondary School

4.           Ohis Group of School

5.           Baptist High School

 

 

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Motivation: The process of including or causing someone to behave in the most desired way in the aid of certain incentives.

Performance: This is the way in which something react under certain condition of fulfils the purpose for which it was intended.

Remuneration: This is the monetary compensation an employee receives of work done, condition of service, this is both the monetary and non-monetary compensation given to an employee.

Satisfaction: This is a feeling of happiness or pleasure because you have achieved something or get what you want.

Productivity: Is the rate at which goods are produce and the amount produce compared with the work, time and money needed to produce them.

 

Continue reading THE EFFECT OF MOTIVATION ON THE PERFORMANCE OF TEACHERS →