THE EFFECT OF GENDER ON CAREER CHOICE OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS

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ABSTRACT

This research work is aimed at identifying the influence of gender on career choice of some selected secondary school students in Egor Local Government Area of Edo State. In the process of the research questionnaire were administered a guide and data through interview method to get modern cause and trend in career. The findings rate of the study revealed that the effect of gender on career of students affect both sexes after school in the society. Recommendations were given that parents should train both sexes and not relegating any sex to the background.

TABLE OF CONTENT

Chapter one

Introduction

Statement of the problem

Purpose of the study

Research question

Scope of the study

Limitation of the study

Significance of the study

Definition of terms

Chapter two

Literature review

Chapter three

Methodology

Research methodology

Research instrument

Chapter four

Data analysis and interpretation

Chapter five

Findings and discussion

Summary and findings

Recommendations

Conclusion

Reference

Questionnaire

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY 

Gender according to Oxford advanced learners dictionary 6th edition (2001) is the fact of being male or female. The family is social group to which a child is born into and brought up with all necessary things including his native languages. Career choice is one of the most controversial issues in education and also it is an dispensable aspect of life. An area of interest that closely involves many parents and teachers who feel that school values should be redesigned taking into consideration. The change in the social and economic environment and a step towards coping with the changing environment from time to time as we encountered alot of problems.

Prior to the introduction of western education and civilization the indigenous information education existed among the people. This kind of education was not transmitted in school as an agent. It involves the transmission of those ideas, which the people had loved from time to time (culture). Inspite of the effect of the colonial masters as well as the federal republic of Nigeria to get her citizenship formally educated and brought to time right. It has been as some of circumstances that there is an existence in the education of the male and female child due to gender belief or influence on the child (mostly the girl child). The girl child on the other hand are educationally marginalized and disadvantaged.

Unwuegbuzie (2008) in a lecture titled “towards bridging education imbalance in the school”, stated that “it is very disheartening to note that today a lot of female children are left out of school for flimsy reasons while their male counterparts forge ahead”.  Education imbalance to him referred to uneven level of benefiting between males and their female counterparts since the absence of former education. According to Unwugbuze these female takes to the street and are often exposed to the hazard of life where baby mothers among them emerged. Adeting (2009) cited on influence that if this educational imbalance due to gender is not checked the country will be plunged into the educational door where Nigeria will in time of influencing children in the area of career choice. The focus on the study is on the influence of gender on student’s career choice. Gender effects assigned of sales to children by parents and elders. The effects of gender seem to be reinforced by teachers and others in the school administration. In the past, it was not common to see a woman working as a policeman driving a car or even smoking in the locality, but today in Egor Local Government Area of Edo State female are found in almost all areas of the labour force life accountant, doctors, engineering, or even shoe-makers just to mention a few and are no longer limited to domestic work only.

Furthermore, females are seen to be less tedious duties while the male performs are complex duties such as cutting down trees, building bridges (local), making thatches and they are said to identify more their mothers and the males with their fathers. In addition, Iyam (1998) said, “It is the education imbalance that exist between the male child and the female child respectively that has raised a lot concern. There are fewer women to be found in responsible position government and non- governmental organization. This imbalance has further weakened the ability of women to compete in formal sectors which men regards as theirs” born equally naturally with their men counterparts, the education female is a natural right. N Africa and most developing nations around the world, the education and training of girls according to Iyam have suffered considerably willful neglect and intended and deprivation for a very long time. Conclusively, in reference to the above, the study is geared towards finding out the effect of gender on career choice of secondary school students in selected schools in Egor Local Government Area. The locality is centrally being a commercial, cultural and made up of different ethnic. The local government has its headquarters at ring Road in Benin City, Edo State and the study will be concentrated on how culture, parents, traditional belief and other factor affects the education of either sex due to gender influence.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

In recent time, journal, magazines, and newspaper are constantly running held lines over the marginalisation of women in the country. Many parent would not encourage their female child to attend school or take career in vocational traders. Douglas (2002) opined that parents are well educated would constantly want to support their children financially and morally towards ensuring that their children choose the best career in life.

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY 

The purpose of the study is to determine the effect of sex on the choice of career and subject amongst secondary schools students in Egor Local Government Area of Edo State. The study will also examine how boys and girls feel about certain course of study. In Egor Local Government Area, it has been observed that parents attitudes towards discrimination using gender is so alarming as it is believed that the female are weaker vessels and the male stronger vessels gave them the belief that after a woman gets married, she no longer help in the up keep of her background or parents. This study for such obvious reasons is channeled forward knowing and examining critically and effectively the factors responsible for such acts towards female children in particular, when it comes to educating a child amongst parent, guardians peers etc in Egor Local Government Area of Edo State.

RESEARCH QUESTIONS

The study would look at the following questions

1.           Is there exclusive career for either sex?

2.           Does the level of parent’s education have any effect on the career of the girl child?

3.           Is there better and brighter opportunities for children form educated homes?

4.           Has peer group any influence on the choice of career of students?

5.           Does the social economic group of parents affect their female education?

SIGNIFICANT OF THE STUDY

The study is necessitated by the fact that at the secondary school age many students are adolescent who operated in conformity to parental rules and regulation in acting out their roles and in expressing their opinion students at this level of development needs close supervision and counseling in Egor to meet up to the expectation of life. The significant of the study is gears towards this need for the establishment of guidance and counseling services to help students in making career choice.

Another significance is to inform parents, educators on the negative consequence of basing career on gender. Hopefully, it will be important to curriculum planners in the sense that in higher institution especially those who are in charge of guidance and counseling the need for female education.

SCOPE OF THE STUDY 

This study covered various aspects of gender on career problem and their effect on students in the secondary school in Egor Local Government Area in Edo State. In view of the fact that there are many secondary school in Egor LGA, Ihogbe Secondary School and Akenzuwa secondary school was selected for the purpose of this project. Therefore the students and teachers in those schools constitute the subject of the researchers work. The research has interest in findings whether the age of parents has any significant effect on their attitude towards educating their children base on gender.  The effect of illiterate parent towards training their girl child, whether religion or traditional demands that gender should be a segregating factor in training their child. The force of peer group on career choice of a child if there are exclusive career for either sex.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Gender: Being male or female

Sex Role: Role or duties assigned to various seas or gender

Sex: Role stereotype: the standard set by the society as to what part male and female individuals should play, which continues for along time and form the basis for relating to people.

Career: The chance of occupation in which one engages

Influence: This is when the pressure of other person or factors is affected the behavior of the child.

Courage: Quality of being filled for the opportunity

Equally beautified: This means that what every been share between males and female should be equally distributed.

 

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STRATEGIES TO IMPROVE THE PERFORMANCE OF STUDENTS IN SCIENCE SUBJECTS:

A CASE STUDY OF SELECTED SECONDARY SCHOOL IN EGOR LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF EDO STATE 

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ABSTRACT

This research work is designed to find out the strategies or ways of improving the poor performance of students in science subject in some selected secondary schools in Egor Local Government Area of Edo State. The research instrument used was the questionnaires; hundred respondents were used for the study. Problems were raised and the results obtained were used to answer the research questions. The result of the investigation revealed that;

1. Lack of science equipment in the school affect the studying of science hence lead to poor performance.
2. Inadequate time table also affect science teaching leading to poor performance.
3. Lack of library and science textbooks was another cause of the poor performance.
4. The result also revealed that though there are qualified teachers teaching science subjects in secondary schools in Egor Local Government Area of Edo State but their methods of teaching affect students performance in science.
5. Poor payment of teachers and lack of motivation also affect the performance of science subjects. The following stated hypothesis were used which are;
6. Teachers in secondary school in Egor Local Government Area are not professionally and academically qualified to teach and students does not do practical work in science.
7. Secondary school teachers and students does not do practical work in science.
8. Secondary schools teachers do not allocate enough periods for science.
9. There are no laboratory facilities in secondary schools. Based on these findings the following recommendations were made;
10. Government should evolve principles and policies that would help to enhance science education.
11. Qualified science teachers with a least B.Ed. certificate should be employed to teach the basic science at secondary school level. They know the key concepts in science.
12. Emphasis should be laid on practical aspects of science.
13. Teachers should endeavour to make use of local materials required for effective teaching of science.
14. The students on their part should try and pay listening ears during science teaching
15. Government should ensure regular allowances for science teachers, pay them well so that they can be motivated to impacts the best knowledge at their disposal.

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE  

Background of the study

Statement of the problem

Purpose of the study

Significant of the study

Research question

Scope of the study

Limitation of the study

Definition of terms

CHAPTER TWO

Literature review

CHAPTER THREE        

Research methodology

Research design

Population of the study

Sampling procedure

Instrumentation for data collection

Validation of instrument

Method of data analysis

CHAPTER FOUR

Data analysis and presentation

CHAPTER FIVE 

Summary, conclusion and recommendation

Summary

Conclusion

Recommendation

REFERENCES    

QUESTIONNAIRE      

 

 

 

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1    BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY  

Science was the last major subject that was introduced in the school curriculum. It was introduced in some few schools in form of nature study and the emphasis on  getting information about our environment from first hand observation rather than from books. In Nigeria curriculum,. Science education first appeared in 1859 when the church missionary society (CMS) grammar school Lagos introduced the rudiment of nature study. This introduction was done by people who were both specialists in science and master teachers, they were able to make the study of nature of science a dynamic and unforgettable learning experience for students. Baja (1982) in Igwe (2003) described it as the learning of the environment and hygiene other schools like Saint Gregory’s College Lagos, Hope Waddle institution Calabar and Baptist training College Ogbomoso followed later in teaching nature study. By this time according to Abdulahi (2000) a rural science syllabus was formulated for science teaching at primary schools and other biology related subjects were introduced such as botany, physiology and agriculture at secondary school level. However once entrusted to teachers with little or no background in science and with varying degrees of teaching effectiveness, the study on nature of science in the schools deteriorated bodily.

Simply, the world science came from Latin “Scientia” meaning knowledge. It refers to a system of acquiring knowledge. This system uses observation and experimentation to describe and explain natural phenomenon. In other words the term science also refers to as an organized body of knowledge people have gained using that system, less formally. The word science often describes any systematic field of study or the knowledge gained from it. The education attainment of the student in science is inevitable and should be looked into with a lot of invention in both teaching on side of student at all level. The training of the students most especially, children in primary schools is very important since the extent of a nation future labour force, leadership, political stability and strength of technical knowledge all lies in their hands. The importance of science and its implementation to the social and environment of the people is well recognized by every nation. Some scientific knowledge is needed by everyone in other to have an idea of the ways in which one is fed, entertained clothed and sheltered to ensure a more profitable exploration of scientific and technological potentials, it is therefore necessary to lay emphasis on scientific knowledge. In respect of this integrated science subjects was introduced into the school curriculum by science teachers association of Nigeria about few decades ago and was made compulsory in the junior secondary school level.

Ebina (2010) observed that the cooperative arrangement between the science teachers association of Nigeria (STAN) and the defunct comparative educational research and adaptation centre (CESAC) now merged into the Nigeria educational research and development council (NERDC) heralded by the first national effort at science curriculum development to improve science education in Nigeria in  1969. The result of this 1969 curriculum conferences was the information of two major science projects (NISP) and the Nigerian Secondary Schools Sciences Projects (NSSSP) later the National Primary Science and Mathematics Projects (NPSMP) were developed. Presently there are the basic science and technology projects (BSTP) for primary schools. In order to achieve good results in the science curricular projects government policies were specially geared towards encouraging science teaching and learning at all level. Ivowi (2000) observed that government science policies have aimed at boosting and improving science education.

 

 

1.2    STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Science teaching in secondary schools in general has so many problems associated with it, for example lack of qualified teachers teaching science subjects, lack of science equipment to carry out practical’s in science classes, lackadaisical attitude on the part of the students towards science subjects. The government has tried to put more effort to put an end to these problems yet their effort has proved abortive due to one reasons or the other.

Thus the researcher has decided to make an in-depth study into the factors that contributes to these problems despite the effort put by the successive government with a quest of finding solution to these problems.

 

 

1.3    PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

The purpose of the research is to study the behaviour and attitude of students towards the studying and teaching of science. The researcher also wants to find out the general view held by the public as to the causes of student’s poor level of achievement in science. To examine the ways of science in some selected secondary schools and how to improve and better the performance of the students.

 

 

1.4    SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The significance of this study lies in the fact that the performance of students in science subjects over the years facilitates an assessment for mapping out strategies that will improve the performance in the nearby future especially in Egor  Local Government Area of Edo State and Nigeria  as a whole and this is done to pinpoint to science students that learning science through reading is important because it helps them to;

1. Think and learn
2. Teach students how to use reading materials effectively
3. Know that there are several sources of information available on different reading level
4. Know that learning through self discovery is the best way to science
5. Assist students in developing their science vocabularies
6. Teach science students how to apply what has been learnt to new situation which will serve as an evaluating techniques
7. Assist students studying science subjects to improve their interest of studying science through raising questions that can be solved in the class.
8. Know the aims at signifying the important of experience or demonstration and by bringing challenges to slow and rapid learning through oral written test.

 

 

1.5    RESEARCH QUESTIONS

This research questions is to find out the strategies that when applied will improve the performance of students in science subjects in Egor Local Government Area of Edo State. In doing this, the following questions arte  guide;

1. What are the qualifications of teachers?
2. What are teacher’s competencies and self0efficiency in their instructional delivery?
3. What method of teaching do the teachers use in teaching science subjects?
4. Are the teachers paid well by the government?
5. What effort is the government and community making to solve the government?
6. Do the schools have science equipment?
7. What is the behaviour of students towards the learning of science subjects?
8. What is the content of science curriculum and its implementation?

The researcher is of the view that the answers to the above questions would help to identify the ways of improving science in our schools.

 

 

1.6    SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The study will involve the performance of students and teachers towards the study of science in some selected secondary schools in Egor Local Government Area of Edo State. This project deals with the causes of students poor performance in science subjects and how it affect them. And also the remedies to this problems will be highlighted.

 

 

1.8    DEFINITION OF TERMS

Science: An accumulated body of knowledge and skills about nature.

Laboratory: It is a building where scientific purpose of carrying out practical work, also laboratory can be seen as a room or building used for scientific research, experimentation, testing etc.

Qualified teachers: These are sets of teachers that are trained in institutions and are certified as professional teachers eg. TC II, NCE, B.Ed etc

Constraints: To force somebody to do something or behave in a particular way or to restrict somebody or something.

Abortive: An action that is successfully failed.

Heralded: Something that shows that something else is going to happen soon

Lackadaisical: Not showing enough care or enthusiasm

 

 

 

 

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EFFECT OF MANUAL LABOUR ON THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF PRIMARY SCHOOL PUPILS,

CASE STUDY OF OVIA NORTH EAST LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF EDO STATE

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ABSTRACT

This study was aimed at identifying the effect of manual labour on the academic performance of primary school pupils in Ovia North East Local Government Area of Edo State and to proffer possible solutions to the problem. The review of revealed different forms of child abuse mentioned out to students in some selected school in Ovia North East Local Government Area of Edo State by parents, teachers and guardians. Some of the abuse and consequences were attributed to poverty, ignorance and inaguancies in protection of children while others are seen as deliberate. The population of the study comprises of five schools selected from all the primary schools in Esan West Local Government Area. A total of 100 questionnaires were used for data collection and analysis were presented in table one of five and the total scores were used to analyze the data. It was revealed that children of school age are thrown out of school because of inability of their parents to train them. Base on the findings, some recommendations were made.    

 

 

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENT

Chapter One     

Background of study

Statement of the problem

Purpose of study

Objective of the study

Significance of the study

Basic assumptions

Research questions

Hypothesis

Scope of the study

Limitation of study

Definition of terms

Chapter Two     

Literature review

Self-medication

Causes of drug abuse

Sociology of drug abuse

Effect of drug abuse

Chapter Three  

Research Design and Methodology

Sample and sampling method

Problems encountered during the project

Method of data collection

Data analysis

Chapter Four    

Data analysis

Chapter Five     

Summary

Conclusion

Recommendations

Suggestion and further research

Bibliography     

Questionnaire  

 

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

Child labour is a global problem and its elimination is being called for in the world. According to a recent international labour organization (ILO) report, it was estimated that there are 250 million children between the ages of 5 and 14 years working in developing countries, 120 million are working full-time while 130 million are working part-time. Manual labour in children is widely spread in Nigeria. According to government figure, household census (1999) 1.7 million of Nigeria children age 5-7 years old are involved in some kind of work and may have to miss school to go out for work instead, while many are putting themselves in arms way.

Manual labour is a productive work (especially physical work done for wages). Is also a physical work done by people, most especially in contrast to that done by machines and also to that done by working animals. Report survey published by an aid agency, International Rescue Committee (IRC) and AVSI Foundation (2006) showed that 15% of children in Northern Nigeria are involved in harsh, dangerous labour such as breaking stones, collecting firewood and prostitution. Nigeria’s constitution (1999) chapter 1, article 34(4) provides for protection of a child from hazardous and exploitative work.  In context of this project, policy is defined as a cause of action intentionally undertaken with specific purpose in mind (2005). In its simplest form, plicy refers to abroad statement that reflects future goals and aspirations and provides guidelines for carrying out those goals. The government constituted child labour law to guide the child from hazardous work that could otherwise interfere with their physical and mental development. However, the implementation of the child labour policy has attracted the interest of some academicians.

Academic performance is all the performance reflected on the education of the child. Meer (2007) stated that education performance reflects the total involvement of a child or youth in the school environment which includes social and emotional development, communication and participation in the classrooms as well as out of class activities. Poor performance means a child who do not conform to a required standards i.e. late arrival dodging lessons poor examination achievement. When the academic performance of pupils in Ovia North East  was looked at it gave a sign for justification of existence poor performance among the pupils. It was viewed in terms of late arrival absenteeism examination from  2005 to 2010, merely 21 pupils passed in division 1, 176 in division 2 and 278 failed in division U. many of the school going age children are being seen by the road side either selling food items or loitering despite all the efforts  being put by the government to combat manual labour or child labour.

Edo State Government like every other state in Nigeria, has refused to put any social security policy in place to carter for the benefit of the child in matters on state affairs. When a child is deprived the basic social needs that makes life worth living by the society he/she belongs to the birth, such a child will become victim of transmitting life experience that often leads to personal problem. Today, in Edo State, many female children are compelled to help situation in the society to willingly accede to the pressure of their parents to travel abroad on the sponsorship of some international cartel that specializes in recruiting under-age female children into prostitution.

 

 

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM      

Manual labour of the child is perceived to be a serious problem, as it is believed to be destructive to children’s intellectual and physical development especially that of young children. The danger is exacerbated for those children who work in hazardous industries. This is theory behind the child labour trap. If a child is employed and subsequently has low productivity as an adult. So child labours can directly contribute to adult unemployment in developing countries. A major covet is that there is very little treatment of such long term dynamic consequences of child labour, (Annabel, 2008).

 

 

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

The main objective of the study is to examine the effect of manual labour on the academic performance of primary school pupils in Ovia North East Local Government Area of Edo State. It also suggested the way to improve children’s welfare and academic performance in schools.

 

 

RESEARCH QUESTIONS

For the purpose of this study, the researcher imposes the following questions;

1. Can manual labour affect a child’s academic performance?
2. Can manual labour cause bone fracture in pupils?
3. Can manual labour lead to poor academic performance among pupils?
4. Can manual labour lead to truancy among pupils?

 

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The significance of this study can be seen with the fact that manual labour in children has been depreciating the academic performance of the students in Ovia North East. Enlightenment of students, labourers, teachers and traders and the general public will reduce manual labour or child labour in children.

 

 

 

LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

Time factor is one of the major limiting factors, there are not enough time to travel round the whole state to interview the students, farmers, traders, teachers individually or collectively. Another limiting factor of the study is accessibility of some primary schools in Ovia North East Local Government Area of Edo State.

 

 

 

 

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IMPACT OF SCHOOL FACILITIES ON STUDENT ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE: CASE STUDY OF

SOME SELECTED SECONDARY SCHOOL IN IGARRA AKOKO EDO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, EDO STATE

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ABSTRACT

This project work provide as a broad knowledge of the impact of school facilities on students academic performance in some school in Igarra Akoko Local Government Area of Edo State. The data was collected by questionnaire which were constructed for teachers and students. Based on the analysis, the following findings were made. That there is significant difference in the academic performance of students. That there is significant difference in the availability of school facilities.

TABLE OF CONTENT

Chapter One     

Introduction

Background of the study

Purpose of the study

Research questions

Assumptions

Significance of the study

Scope and limitations

Definition of terms

Chapter Two     

Literature Review

Chapter Three  

Methodology

Research design

Population of study

Sample and sampling techniques

Instrumentation

Research data and instrument

Administration of the instrument

Method of data analysis

Chapter Four    

Presentation and analysis of data

Chapter Five     

Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation

Summary

Conclusion

Recommendation

References       

Questionnaires          

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Educationist and other well-meaning people have always maintained that education is the greatest legacy a nation can be give to the citizens. There is therefore no better investment a nation, could make than in education, this is why one should not remain indifferent to the lapse ion our educational system. A good school facility support the educational enterprises. Research has shown that clean air, good light and a small, quite, comfortable, and safe learning environment are important for academic achievement (see, for example, Cotton, 2001, Schneider, 2002).

While factors such as student socio-economic status and parental involvement are among the most important predictors of student academic performance of a school building district and state hence improving school facilities offers a feasible opportunity for improving academic performance. This has brought with it attendant problem such as inadequate school facilities and consequently poor academic performance on students. Okeke (2009), acknowledged this situation, when he asserted that with expansion of secondary schools Nigeria, there has been a general have and cry about the falling standard of education in the country as a whole.

Over the years, the performance of students has fallen in examination. This is to say that the academic performance of most students were very poor. To achieve these goals a lot needs to be done in the academic performance of school system. To students academic performance appear to have been affected by a myriad of factors. These factors include school facilities (Anchurian and Steward 2006).

School facilities play a vital role in the actualization of educational goals and objectives by satisfying the physical and emotional needs of the staffs and students of the school. Henceforth, school facilities can be briefly regarded to as the items which makes teaching and learning possible in a school.

In other words, school facilities can be referred to as the human and physical resources that are needed or used in the school in order to aid learning and teaching. by human resources we mean the personnel’s employed in the school to ensure learning. They include the principal, the headmasters, the teachers and administrative  staff etc. the human resources can also be seen as the greatest and most useful facilities a school can ever have, the reason being that no matter how a school is physically facilitated if there are no human resources in it, there can be no learning, invariably there will be no school, while physical resources can be seen as those materials which can give help support or comfort to the school organization country or an individual for example, the building, the library, chairs textbooks, classroom, chalkboard, sporting fields environment etc. additionally, according to Knezevich (1975) he emphasized that the physical needs are met through provision of safe structure, adequate sanitary facilities, be balanced visual environment, appropriate thermal environment, and sufficient shelter space for his work and play. His emotional needs are met by creating pleasant surroundings, a friendly atmosphere and an inspiring environment.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

There are variations in the academic performance of secondary school students in Akoko-Edo Local Government Area of Edo State. Researchers have been trying to find out how these variations come about and what are responsible for them. The major factor that seems to contribute to poor academic performance is inadequate provision of educational facilities in schools.

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

The purpose of this study is to find out the impact of school facilities on academic performance of secondary schools students in Akoko-Edo Local Government Area of Edo State. While we do not have the data to identify the specific mechanism by which compliances is linked to educational outcomes, from existing research, we know that school buildings in poor shape lead to reduced learning.

RESEARCH QUESTIONS

The following questions were raised.

1.           Are there enough school facilities in school?

2.           Are there materials or school facilities relevant for academic performances?

3.           Do school facilities have impact on the academic performance of students?

ASSUMPTIONS

In the cause of this study the following assumptions were made.

1.           That secondary school in Akoko-Edo Local Government have few school facilities like libraries, science laboratories and technical work shops.

2.           The secondary school students in Akoko-Edo LGA perform poorly academically.

3.           That better performance can be achieved with better school facilities.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study is significant in the fact that it could serve as a vital information aimed at showing the relationship that exist between adequate performance of students. It is significant in the sense that it can help to draw the attention of the governments, school board, ministry of education etc to the reality that education programme cannot operate adequately or effectively without adequate school facilities.

DEFINITION OF TERMS  

Academic performance: This means the level of attainment on what the students have been able to achieve in terms of success in examination.

School facility: This refers to all essential teaching aids and equipment in teaching and learning process.

School building: Refers to tangible structures which serve as shatter for educational activities.

Equipment; These are facilities used in the schools by both teachers and students. They include benches, desks, tables, tacklers.

School record: These are books and information records used for the day to day running of the school. That is divided into:

Special record books: this is professional books which include admission register etc.

General administration record: these are the record that shows the day to day administration of the school.

 

Continue reading IMPACT OF SCHOOL FACILITIES ON STUDENT ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE: CASE STUDY OF SOME SELECTED SECONDARY SCHOOL →

A STUDY OF THE FACTORS AFFECTING ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF GIRLS IN SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN IKPOBA OKHA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF EDO STATE

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ABSTRACT

This research work investigates the study of the factors affecting academic performance of girls in senior secondary schools in Ikpoba Okha Local Government Area of Edo State. Introduction of this study includes background to the study, significance of the study, purpose of the study, scope of the study, limitation to the study, definition of some related terms and research questions was formulated that was used for the analysis of data in chapter four. Review of related literature in chapter two focused on wide range of factors affecting the girls in the secondary schools. These includes socio-economic status of portents, parents attitudes to education of the girl child, family structure, cultural influence, attitude of female students to study and poor learning facilities for the girl child. The population of this study is female students selected from secondary schools within the geopolitical zone in Ikpoba Okha Local Government Area of Edo State. One hundred (100) students were randomly selected from five (5) schools in the local government area., a validated questionnaire were used to collect information from respondents which were retrieved and analyzed on tables using simple percentage. Findings reveal that there is no difference between the performance of female students and their family type. It was also observed that girls from polygamous background strive for academic excellence putting their background behind them and also that unavailability of functioning equipment and facilities influence the academic performance of girls in the secondary school conclusion were drawn and recommendations were made.    

     

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER ONE  

Introduction

Background of the study

Statement of the problem

Research questions

Significance of the study

Scope of the study

Limitation

Purpose of the study

Definitions of terms

CHAPTER TWO 

Review of related literature

CHAPTER THREE

Research methodology

Research design

Population of the study

Sample and sampling techniques

Instrumentation

Validity of instrument

Reliability of instrument

Administration of instrument/data collection

Data analysis

CHAPTER FOUR

Analysis of data

CHAPTER FIVE

Summary, conclusion and recommendations

Conclusion

Recommendations

REFERENCE

QUESTIONNAIRE      

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Education is a dynamic process the result of which reflects almost directly on the standard of living.  According to Farrant (1964) “Education describe the total process or human learning to which knowledge is imparted, faculties trained and skills developed.”.  The attitude of student to learning affects their academic performance either positively or negatively.         Most students are blazed towards science education before they start to study it. Mathematic for example is one of the major requirements in the field of science and technology and the importance of mathematics is stressed in the national policy on education. It is a known fact that in the teaching/learning process many factors militate against the excellent performance of student. The parent and general public looks up to the children on words academic “giants” overweight and anything that falls below this high expectation renders teachers ineffective and unenthusiastic to them.

Very few people careless of the other factors affecting the academic performance of students in school, poor performance of students is not caused by one person. The teacher sees the students as not hardworking enough. Also the society sees the school as not good enough in terms of provision of adequate library facilities and proper staffing. Other sees it as the fault of the government in terms of funding the school for better education.       It is the line of though that prompted the investigation into funding all what factors really affect student’s performance in school with particular reference to female.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The problem of this research is to identify those factors that affect the performance of female students in secondary schools. In doing this, the researcher will see to the following questions;

1. Is there any difference between the performances of females from different socio-economic background?
2. Is there any difference between the performance of females and educational status of parents?
3. Do family type and structure affect the performance of females?
4. Is there any difference between the performance of female students in well equipped schools and those in ill equipped schools?

RESEARCH QUESTIONS

In carrying out this research work, answer will be made to the following questions.

1. Does the socio-economic background of parents affect the performance of female students?
2. Does parental educational status influence the performance of their children?
3. Does family type and structure affect the performance of female students?
4. Does availability of school equipment affect the performance of female students?

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

Since the main study of this research is to identify the factors affecting the academic performance of female students.

The identification of this problem and the solution suggested will help teachers in student’s guidance or counseling official and the society.

It will help teachers and the government in designing motivation techniques to overcome female students poor performances, in a past making would of science and technology, all hands must be on deck most especially for a third world country like Nigeria, gender should not be a barrier to excellences.

SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The scope of the study in Ikpoba Okha Local Government Area of Edo State since it would not be possible to cover the whole secondary schools in this area due to transportation problem, some representative samples would be selected in the local government area.

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

The purpose of this research project is to investigate and analyzed the factors affecting the academic performance of girls in secondary schools.

Education at any level, would be centered toward meeting the needs of the people, the purpose of this study therefore is to discover if the following factors will affect the academic performance, the society, parent economic status, family type and structure and attitude of girls.

Education performs certain basic function in a society; these include transmission, maintenance of the society and recruitment into the society. This transmission occurs between one generation and another special attention will be given to analyze the factors that affect academic performance of students.

Finally, recommendation based on the findings of the survey will be made.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Owing to the fact that certain English words and expression may have different meaning and interpretations, it becomes necessary to define some of the terms and expression used within the context of the study.

Education: This means formal and informal training of the individual to acquire some knowledge and ability in such a way that a new character and mental power is achieved from such training. A fact to note here is that education is constantly changing.

Performance: This is an cat that involves a lot of effort, it is also how well or badly you do a particular activity.

Factor: That which helps to produce a result.

Academic: Things relating to teaching, learning or studying in an organized institution.

Learning: Any relatively permanent change in behavior which occurs as a result of practice or experience.

Facilities: This refers to all essential teaching aids and equipment that enhance the work of the teacher and facilitate student’s better performance.

 

Continue reading A STUDY OF THE FACTORS AFFECTING ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF GIRLS IN SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS →