A SURVEY OF CAUSES AND MODES OF EXPLOITATION OF STUDENTS BY TEACHERS

A CASE STUDY OF COLLEGE OF EDUCATION, EKIADOLOR-BENIN

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ABSTRACT

From the research project which its topic is “a survey of causes and modes of exploitation of students by teachers in college of education ekiadolor”. Responses were gotten from 200 students collected randomly from various departments in the college. The instrument used in the study is questionnaires, which was distributed to the students to answer. The responses from the questionnaires were collected and computed into tables in percentage scores. The result of the findings shows that students are really exploited by teachers in many ways. Moreso, this exploitation of students by teachers has created some anxiety and frustration in the students and has lead them to all sorts of atrocities including prostitution. The researcher therefore recommended that the teacher should be paid their salary when due and expected. The school should also be adequately funded by the government. Finally, the teachers should act as a caretaker to their students.

 

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENT

Chapter One         

Background of the study

Statement of problems

Purpose of study

Research question

Limitations of study

Chapter Two         

Literature review

Sexual exploitation

Physical exploitation

Factors leading to the different mode of exploitation of students by teachers

a.            Irregular payment of teacher’s salaries. ‘

b.            Inadequate funding of institutions.

c.            The mode of female dressing

d.            Mismanagement of funds.

Consequences of the different modes of exploitation of students

a.            Failure of the students

b.            Promiscuity in the female students

c.            Uncomfortably of the students

Chapter Three      

Research methodology

Area of study

Design of study

Population of the study

Population of the study

Instrument for data collection

Administration of the instrument

Method of data analysis

Chapter Four        

Analysis of data and result

Chapter Five                   

Discussion of findings

Summary

Conclusions

Recommendations

Educational implication of study

Suggestions for further studies

References

Appendix

 

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Exploitation of students by teachers is not a new phenomenon in our society. In the past, some students have been physically and emotionally exploited. Students are made to work in their teachers farm, carry firewood to their teachers house, fetching water for their teachers etc. nowadays, it is a different thin altogether, the act of selling monographs, and text books has given some bad impression on the lecturers manipulate and exploit the students to make their own money without considering the bad economic situation prevailing in Nigeria now. Again students are been exploited by paying one levy or the other like departmental, levy, test levy etc in the years past, when education was what it suppose to be, students were not being taxed for anything. Text books and handouts were given free of charge but now the reverse has been the case, teachers have turned our schools to become book shops where buying and selling of books are made available and compulsory in the name of money, both in primary and secondary level.

The indigent students that have no money to buy these books are being made to fail the course because of the fact that they could not purchase these books. Teachers also exploit the students through sexual harassment and sorting of result where the students are made to pay either in cash or kind. Students are no longer serious with their studies since they feel that if they are able to meet up with the demands of their teachers they pass. For the fact that this situation of exploitation has been a burden to students in secondary schools and tertiary institutions, parents and guardians who see to the education of their children and relations have little or no left over money with them due to the fact that the money were being taken away by teachers in one way or the other. Money used in the olden days to train three to four people in the university is now spent on one person.

 

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The teachers who have made textbooks and handiwork compulsory in primary schools have created some anxiety and stealing into pupils, while in secondary and higher institutions have created also some anxiety and frustration into the students. I the sense that students are forced to have carryover by some lecturers that made their monographs and text books to be compulsory. These teachers go along way to prevent students from having their continuous assessment thereby making them to have incomplete results. This has created the act of do or die attitude towards students who have been seeking ways of passing their courses. This leads to student’s starvation and also make prostitution and promiscuity to become well pronounced especially in higher institutions. Because of this immoral attitude by teachers, a good number of students have fallen victims of contacting sexual transmitted disease as well as victims of unwanted pregnancy in our higher institutions of learning today. This study seeks to find out the different ways students are exploited by the teachers.

 

 

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY 

The purpose of this study is to find out the different ways students are exploited by their teachers but in specific terms this study wants to find out:

1.            Whether textbooks and handout are made compulsory for students by their teachers or lecturers.

2.             If the teachers make the students to have carryover in those courses.

3.            If the buying of monographs and textbooks are used as continuous assessment

4.            How this affect the students especially the female ones in higher institutions.

5.            If this exploitation by lectures contribute towards female prostitution in higher institutions.

6.            How this affects the families and to what extent the school authorities had addressed herself to this problems.

 

 

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The findings of this research may serve as an empirical data which might be useful as a basis for decision making ni matters affecting students exploitation by their lecturers. Results of this study will enlighten the students to put more efforts on their studies and avoid moving for the easy way out of difficulties.

The school administration may find the result of the research beneficial, as it well serve as a guide in creating a good standard and conducive environment for learning, with this findings also it will help and direct the curriculum planners plan well and as well have much learning facilities in the way that the students out reach be more emphasized. The findings will be a device for evaluating the efforts of school authority towards the achievements of good studying environment. The ministry of education may also through this finding be directed to the areas to focus attention to minimize the speed growth of student’s exploitation by their teachers in our various higher institutions of learning. The findings of this research will also serve as a clue to our guidance and counselling in educating our female students patterning the effect of prostitution.

 

 

RESEARCH QUESTIONS

1.            Do teachers really make their handout and textbooks compulsory?

2.            Do teachers fail students who do not buy their textbooks or handout?

3.            Do teachers use textbooks or handout as continuous assessment?

4.            Does this exploitation of students by teachers have any effect on the students?

5.            To what extent had exploitation acted as clog in the wheel of the prostitution and starvation of the students?

6.            To what extent had school authorities addressed herself to the problems of exploitation of students by teachers?

7.            Do parents feel happy spending money in training their children?

8.            Is sexual harassment one of the ways of exploiting students by lecturers?

 

SCOPE OF THE STUDY 

The study will cover the causes and modes of exploitation of students by teacher in Edo State; A case study of college of Education Ekiadolor-Benin.

 

 

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JOB SATISFACTION AMONG COUNSELORS IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN EDO STATE AND DELTA STATE.

 

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CHAPTER ONE :INTRODUCTION

Background to the study

Counselling is a field notable for its diversity and dynamism. It is influenced by diverse political, economic and social forces within the society. As a result, tremendous expansion has been witnessed in the field of counselling’s vision, mission and values with reference to the promotion of good health, family dynamics, career assessment, school adjustments, developmental tasks, ethical standards and research training.One of the major tasks of school counsellor is to educate and assist students in their overall development.

 

In this 21st century, the job of helping students to achieve success in school and become more productive members of the society becomes challenging. According to Gysbers, Lapan and Blair (1999), today’s youth must confront a rapidly changing work world and labour force, violence in the home, school and community; divorce, teenage suicide, substance abuse; and sexual experimentation. School counsellors occupy an important position within the school system to assist students cope with these crucial issues and the normal developmental tasks adolescent face in life.

 

There is no doubt that the degree of job satisfaction of a worker has significant effect on his/her search for alternatives or otherwise. The counsellors expect to get their salaries and other benefits as at when due, at least to satisfy their physiological needs. This may influence their decisions to be committed to work or not, and contribute towards the attainment of organizational goals. Hence, non-recognition of counsellors for excellent work done, lack of opportunities for advancement through promotion, irregular salaries and absence of in-service training among others, tend to have significant influence on the degree of job satisfaction and commitment of counsellors to schools/their clients.

 

The role of counsellors in the school system cannot be overemphasized. They provide assistance to students through the primary interventions of counselling large group guidance, consultations and co-ordination (American School Counsellor Association (ASCA), 1999). Although each is a vital component of the comprehensive guidance programme, research has shown that more effective programmes focus on providing direct services to students in the form of individual or group counselling (Borders & Drury, 1992).The demand for school counsellors would continue to be on the increase in the face of increasing school enrolments in Nigeria, especially with the introduction of the Universal Basic Education.

 

It is in realization of this that the Federal Government of Nigeria devoted much time to the planning and implementation of guidance and counselling programme in secondary schools. The Federal Government of Nigeria in her National Policy on Education (2004), section 11 (101J) indicates that in view of the apparent ignorance of many young people about career prospects and personality maladjustment among school children, career officers and counsellors shall be appointed to post primary institutions. Since qualified personnel in this category are scarce, government shall continue to make provision for the training of interested teachers in guidance and counselling. The thrust of this policy is that the government believes that guidance and counselling is an educational service that can enhance the personal growth and psychological development of students in the school system.

 

For counsellors to be able to provide this crucial educational service to the students, they have to be interested and willing to contribute meaningfully to the students’ personal growth and psychological development. Therefore, the study of job satisfaction among counsellors is very crucial to the improvement of productivity among school counsellors in a developing country like Nigeria. For members of an organisation to discharge their duties effectively, they must be satisfied with their jobs that will bring about their commitment.

 

The need to cater for the working conditions of school counsellors and ensure their job satisfaction in the school system becomes imperative if they are to carry out their responsibilities to the admiration of all. If they are unable to achieve their  goal as counsellors, they  experience feelings of inadequacy and unhappiness that may make them vulnerable to stress and job dissatisfaction.Today, one complex problems facing the schools and school counsellors is the issue of school violence as manifested in cultism in schools, increasing incident of bullying behaviour and emotional abuse of students.

 

School violence has become so alarming that many youths have either been killed or maimed for life. As school administrators struggle with ways to prevent acts of violence from occurring within their schools, they increasingly turn to school counsellors for leadership and help with establishing policies regarding safety (Fryxwell & Smith, 2000). Indeed, school counsellors are seen as agents of change and prevention.

 

So, as they strive for innovative ways to help curb school violence, they may become frustrated as additional responsibilities are placed upon them. When counsellors are expected to perform roles and functions without feeling they have necessary skills, serve too many students, or be involved in other ancillary duties that detract from their primary duties, job dissatisfaction may result (DeMato, 2001). It is against this background that this study of job satisfaction among counsellors in the school system is undertaken as counsellors have always been agents of change that are called upon to help students deal with a plethora of problems and issues that are vital to the mission and vision of educational enterprise.

 

Thus, frustration and dissatisfaction may result when counsellors are blocked from implementing new school counselling programmes or carrying out what they were trained to do.Statement of the Problem

A number of factors contribute to the job satisfaction of workers in any organisation. These include the nature of job and achievement, recognition, responsibility and advancement, status and security. These factors are also applicable to the counsellors in the school system. The level of job satisfaction contribute to how effective an individual performs his or her job. (Bacharach, Bamberger & Mitchel, 1990; spector 1997).  Research i.e. Coll & Freeman, 1997; Cucharme & Martin, 2000 has also indicated that job satisfaction influence the emotional and physical well-being of an individual. Conversely, job dissatisfaction is associated with stress and burnout (Kesler, 1990; Burke & Greenglass, 1991; and Marttin & Schinke, 1990).

 

Today, the world is in dire need of development in science and technology through education. Nigeria cannot afford to be left behind in the scheme of things in which secondary education will play a key role. The counsellors in the school system need to be satisfied if they are to play their expected role. Therefore, the implication is that without improving the working conditions of counsellors and making them satisfied, the probable result is that very few of the educational aims can be properly achieved.

The role of school counsellors in the educational process has been a matter of public interest. It is in recognition of this vital service in the educational enterprise that the government has embarked on the training and retraining of school counsellors through seminars, conferences, workshop and in-service courses. School counsellors serve dual purposes by engaging in other ancillary functions, including teaching of different subjects in addition to their primary functions of counselling students. At times, there are cases of counsellors being assigned as full-time teachers to the classroom thereby relegating to the background their professional responsibilities. The implication is that the demands of the office of a school counsellor within the educational structure create strain and stress, which have given rise to the question as to whether secondary school counsellors experience job satisfaction.

A number of problems face Nigeria’s educational system, which tend to have negative effects on the degree of counsellors job satisfaction. These include: current pressure from working with more challenging students and needs, increased administrative and managerial tasks, time constraint, shortage of funds, increased counsellor-student ratios, and inadequate facilities.

Although the study of job satisfaction among teachers has been widely researched (e.g. Nwagwu, 1981; Arubayi, 1981, Okoro, 1988), but little is know about job satisfaction of counsellors in school (e.g. Eddy 1960; Miler & Muthard 1965; Alao, Olaniyi & Kobiowu 1989). To this extent, it becomes imperative to investigate the overall level of job satisfaction among counsellors in secondary schools in Edo and Delta States of Nigeria.

Research Questions

In an effort to address the problem of study, the following research questions were raised.

i.        What is the current level of job satisfaction expressed by secondary school counsellors in Edo and Delta States?

ii.        Which of the following dimensions: promotion, job tenure, salary, workers social support and supervision most significantly contribute to job satisfaction of school counsellors?

iii.        Is there any difference in job satisfaction between male and female counsellors?

iv.        Is there any difference in job satisfaction among old, average and young counsellors?

v.        Is there any difference in job satisfaction between married and single counsellors?

vi.        Is there any difference in job satisfaction between experienced and inexperienced counsellors?

 

 

Purpose of the study

The purpose of this study is to investigate the current level of job satisfaction among secondary school counsellors in Edo and Delta states of Nigeria.

Specifically, the study will assess the dimensions of job satisfaction, that is promotion, job tenure, salary workers’ social support and supervision with a view to determining which of them most significantly contribute to job satisfaction of school counsellors.

This study will also examine some demographic variables that could affect job satisfaction among school counsellors. These include sex, age, marital status and years of counselling experience.

Furthermore, the study will ascertain whether there are differences among secondary school counsellors in their levels of job satisfaction.

 

 

Hypotheses 

The following hypotheses were raised to guide the study.

(i)                  The following dimensions: promotion, job tenure, salary, workers’ social support and supervision do not significantly correlate with job satisfaction among counsellors in schools.

(ii)                 There is no significant difference between male and female counsellors in their levels of job satisfaction.

(iii)                There is no significant difference among old, average and young counsellors in their levels of job satisfaction.

(iv)               There is no significant difference between married and single counsellors in their levels of job satisfaction.

(v)There is no significant difference between experienced and inexperienced counsellors in their levels of job satisfaction.

 

 

Scope of the Study

This study is essentially designed to investigate the current level of job satisfaction among secondary school counsellors in Edo and Delta States of Nigeria. To this end, this study is limited to the professional school counsellors in public secondary schools in Edo and Delta States. The aspects of job satisfaction to be investigated include promotion, job tenure, salary, workers’ social support and supervision.

This study did not cover other aspects of job satisfaction i.e. achievement, recognition, administrative atmosphere and organizational practices. Also, the study did not include private secondary schools because they are different from public secondary schools in terms of conditions of service of counsellors and administrative control. School counsellors and counsellor educators in tertiary institutions such as universities, polytechnics and colleges of education are not within the scope of this study.

 

 

Significance of the Study         

The finding of this study will contribute to the body of knowledge and increase information in the area of job satisfaction of school counsellors. Therefore, it will be of immense importance to the educational sector in general and the counselling profession in particular.

It would highlight to the educational planners and administrators the need to have qualified counsellors who are satisfied with their jobs in view of the fact that counsellors who are satisfied with their jobs will be more prone to exhibit the kind of behaviour needed to promote the personal growth and development of the students which is their primary responsibility.

The study would also assist various levels of government-federal, states and local in the areas of planning, policy formulation and programme implementation pertaining to secondary school counsellors’ job satisfaction since a satisfied counsellor is believed to be a productive and dedicated worker.

Counsellor educators will be provoked by the findings of the study to engage in more research work on job satisfaction among school counsellors. This will help to produce more empirical studies in the field of professional school counselling.

The study would be of great assistance to post-primary school board, school principals and counsellors themselves in having a clearer perception of the variables affecting job satisfaction and evaluating the secondary school counselling programme with a view to ensuring that counsellors are regularly supervised and adequately catered for in the school system.

 

 

Definition of Terms                                                                                         

For ease of understanding, the following terms are defined in the context in which they are used in this study:

Job Satisfaction: The degree to which a counsellor is pleased by the work content and conditions of service in terms of salaries, fringe benefits and allowances.

Conditions of Service: The conditions provided in the service for the purpose of regulating appointment, promotion and discipline of counselling staff by the Ministry of Education.

Inexperienced Counsellor: A counsellor with less than ten years of working experience in the field.

Experienced Counsellor: A counsellor that has ten years or more working experienced in the field.

Old counsellor: Counsellor above the age of 44 years

Average counsellor: A counsellor who is 25-44 years of age

Young counsellor: A counsellor who is less than 25 years of age

Public School: A school built and owned by the government.

 

 

 

 

 

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CAUSES AND EFFECT OF POOR NUTRITION ON CHILDREN UNDER THE AGE OF 15 YEARS

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ABSTRACT

In this study attempt has been made highlighting the effect of poor nutrition affecting children under the age of 15 years in Egor LGA of Edo State. One hundred respondents (pupils) were randomly selected from six primary schools which served as sample of population of study, the questionnaires served as instrument for data collection and the simple percentage types were used to analyze data and text hypothesis, the analysis revealed that parents should feed there children very well with the right proportion of food, they should eat balanced diet and production of food should be increase in other to reduce the number of poor nutrition on children. Government should assist parents in feed of growing and helping to reduce the cost of food stuff in other for the poor parents to feed their children very well, before marriage couples should check their genotype in other to prevent sickle cell which will lead to kwashiorkor, teachers should also educate pupils on how to take balance diet sometimes, parents should not allowed the environment which they belong to or the kind of religion which they belong to dictate the choice of food they eat in other to reduce poor nutrition.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER ONE   

Background of the study

Statement of the problem

Purpose of the study

Significance of the study

Research hypothesis

Scope and delimitation

Definition of terms

CHAPTER TWO   

Literature review

CHAPTER THREE

Methodology

Population

Instrumentation for data collection

Validity of instrument

Method of data collection

Statistical techniques

CHAPTER FOUR 

Data analysis, interpretation and findings

Discussion

Summary

CHAPTER FIVE   

Recommendation

Conclusion

Recommendations

REFERENCES     

QUESTIONNAIRE

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF STUDY

Poor nutrition is as old as man exist on earth, nutrition particular in protein and energy growing food which the world health organization (WHO) called “silent emergency” is an accomplice in at least half of the 10.4 million children death each year. Awake (2003), poor nutrition covers a wide range of illness from undernourishment due to a lack of one or more nutrient such as vitamins and mineral deficiency to obesity and other diet related chronic diseases. WHO (2003) reported that poor nutrition is not limited to children only; however, developed countries are not free from, poor nutrition. In Nigeria poor nutrition is the common cause of children low performance in school and is consistently reported as one of the second leading to causes of death in this country. However, poor nutrition occurs as a result of deficiencies in all the essential food nutrient in correct proportion. This is both quality and quantity this lead to poor if the food eaten by the person is very low in calorific value and as result only little energy is supplied, this condition is also called marasmus.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS

This project attempt to investigate the causes and effect of poor nutrition in children under the age of 15 years a case study of Egor local government area. In recent times, poor nutrition is one of the ancient diseases. The main problem of this is continuous ignorance of the level of food production which otherwise leads to talking of unbalanced diet, especially young children are normally effected with poor nutrition. The major problem is that they normally affected children because they are in a period of rapid growth that increases the demand for calories and protein for similar reason. It is in view of this problem that the researcher has chosen to write on this topic the researcher has chosen to write on this topic with a view of making positive recommendation on the prevention and lucrative measures.

PURPOSE OF STUDY

The purpose of this study is:

1.            To work critically in to the causative factor that may be responsible for poor nutrition affecting Egor LGA.

2.            To gain an insight into the control of the problem affecting the children.

3.            To find out the effect of poor nutrition.

4.            To find out the caused of low production of food affecting poor nutrition.

SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY  

This study is base on the assumption that:

1.            The create awareness of the effect of poor nutrition effecting the children in the local government area for better care of them.

2.            To give some light on the control of the factors affecting growth and development of children in the local government area.

3.            To objectively examine poor nutrition its causes and effect on the academic performance of pupils in Egor LGA in Edo State.

4.            To determine the effectiveness on how this problem of poor nutrition will be reduced.

RESEARCH QUESTIONS    

The following are alternate researchable point states below will be tested for the interest of this project.

1.            Government insensitivity assisting poor parents in feeding and educating of growing children’s play no important role in the development of the country.

2.            Low level off food production plays no important role in the effect and cause of poor nutrition.

3.            Feeding of children plays no significance role in intelligent of growing children.

4.            Social economy factors has no relevance in poor nutrition of children and pregnant women.

SCOPE OF STUDY  

This study was carried out to the people in Egor LGA of Edo State. Pregnant women and nursing women. Young children (pupils under the age of 15 years old)

DEFINITION OF CONCEPTS

Balance diet: It is the diet that contains the six class of food taken in a right proportion.

Unbalance diet: It is the diet that those not contains the six classes of food.

WHO: World Health Organization

Poor Nutrition: The deficiency intake of food nutrient by the body.

Marasmus: A condition result fro taking food that is very low in calorific value.

Calorific Value: Nutrient value.

 

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Factors militating against effective management of the public

 

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CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Effective management can be seen as the proper co-ordination and utilization of all the resources available in order to achieved maximum result within the system. Therefore the problems associated with effective management of public secondary school in Esan West local government area of Edo state is paramount importance. This is because of the development of public secondary school in the area.

Philosophers had it that tomorrow success depends on today performance thus a day well lived makes every tomorrow a time of hope. Furthermore, a review of government intention on establishing public secondary school is well reveals that it is the intention of federal state education a common social good received by Nigeria in other words, public secondary schools exist in order to provide an equal educational opportunity and poverty among the people could have not been achieved.

In addition to these human resources if well motivated shall produce for this country the required scientists and technologists who are to the help this nation in different field like banking, industries, agriculture etc. The result of all their aspiration is failure due to the following effective management in public school. Specially in Esan West local government area of Edo state.

The objective of the government as specified by the national policy on education 2004 are as follows.

1. To increase national consciousness and unity on the citizen.
2. To inculcate for the survival of the individual and the society at large.
3. The acquisition of appropriate skills abilities and competence both materials and physical as equipment for the individual to live and contributes to the development of the societies
4. To train the mind in the understanding for the world around.

A land fall of opportunities for it citizen able to generate a great and dynamic economy and growing into a limited strong and self reliant nation cannot be over emphasized. Hence the study of the public secondary school in Esan West local government area of Edo state and the ascertain the extent to which this is being achieved in order to make fully the potentials of the contribution of public secondary schools in the achievement of the objective of the national policy on education, all other agencies will operate hand in hand …

 

 

 

 

 

 

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THE CAUSES AND EFFECT OF POOR ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN NIGERIA HIGHER INSTITUTION

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ABSTRACT

This study examined the causes of students poor academic performance in Nigeria higher institution. Using college of education as a case study. The research sampled 50 students from 4 schools in the college. Responses were analyzed using simple percentages. From the analysis of data it was found that that non-availability of laboratory equipment affect the performance of students, Also it was indicated that their laboratory were not fully equipped even though some students noted that they regularly visited the laboratory. It was also the opinion of some of the respondents that field trip were important to the teaching and learning in higher institution.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter one

1.1         Introduction

1.2         Statement of the problems

1.3         Purpose of the study

1.4         Significance of the study

1.5         Research question

1.6         Scope of the study

1.7         Definition of terms

2.0         Chapter Two          

2.1       literature review

3.0         Chapter Three        

3.1       Research population

3.2       Population of study

3.3       Sample area

3.4       Research instrument

3.5       Administration of instrument

3.6       method of data analysis

4.0         Chapter Four          

4.1       analysis and interpretation of result

5.0         Chapter Five           

5.1       Summary

5.2       Finding

5.3       Conclusion

5.4       Recommendation

References 

Questionnaire

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

During the colonial era education was mostly in the hands of the missionaries who introduced a type of education known as the Latin grammar. The grammar schools offer very little subject based on the types of curriculum specified by colonial masters and by the agency establishing them, which is the introduction of their educational system and also incorporate into their ideas and opinions.

The main objectives of the missionaries were to train men and women for the church as a religions teacher, interpreters to the audience and government as well as to produce those who can read and write so that they can be employed as office clerk, the interpreting the build and the laws of the land and services as interpreter between the foreigners and the natives.

Generally, the content of the school curriculum consist of English, history, geography, mathematics. Literature, biology e.t.c with the development of their (colonial masters) economy, there came the need for introduction of commercial or business studies subjects, but instead of widening the scope of grammar school curriculum to include a wide range of business studies subject, the colonial government created two curriculums which are secondary grammar school and the secondary commercial schools.

The secondary grammar schools have no problem of organization because the colonial government financed them roam catholic mission Anglican and the Baptist each propagating their own ideas and the philosophies. The commercial secondary schools were left for the private hands and this did not anger well for the development of the school in Nigeria. However, the Nigerian government introduced the new national policy on education in 1981. A major provision of this policy was the teaching of business studies at the junior secondary school level with emphasis on the acquisition of practical skills, values and knowledge that would enable individuals to live a meaningful life in the society one the reasons for the emphasis laid on business studies is the fact that it is a skilled subjects with would equip its graduates with the needed skills for gainful employment

This research sought to investigate the relationship of some of the above factors that led to the causes of poor academic performance among students in College of education, Ekiadolor-Benin with a view to finding strategic solutions in order to move our education forward.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Education is only just becoming accepted, as evidenced in the increased enrolments for the past twenty (20) years however, the consistent high rates in some major science and technical subjects have fair reaching consequences for national development as a result of high wastage rate of schools with private and public in the country, this arises from the number of candidates eligible for certification. Specifically, students in collaboration of corrupt teachers has always device a way out examination malpractices. Special and miracle centres becomes the order of the day after all, the end justifies the means.

This is mostly common in private schools and those schools in remote areas that lack supervision. However, the half baked students with good results but cannot defend it have serious implication of producing quality of students.

There is the need to study the cause of the high failure rates and low quality students that led to academic performance by finding solutions to the following research questions.

RESEARCH QUESTIONS   

1. Does the quality of teachers affect academic performance among students in College of Education, Ekiadolor-Benin?
2. Does the number of teachers available affect the rate of failure in certain subjects?
3. Does the availability or non availability of workshop affect the rate of failure of candidates in identified subject?
4. Does the non availability of instructional materials constitute academic performance?
5. Does the interest of students affect academic performance in College of Education, Ekiadolor-Benin?
6. Does parental support affect the failure rate of candidates in some identified subjects?
7. Does the role of cultism in some schools affect academic performance?

BASIC ASSUMPTION

The study assumed that education and examination is a true measure of performance.

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

The study was to investigate the causes of academic performance among students in College of Education, Ekiadolor-Benin. The investigation was carried out at recalling the causes of the poor performance in examination and quality of students trained after their academic journey.

This will enable the researcher to make appropriate is recommendations which will lead to an improvement of the performance in the future.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

In this jet age, there is no compromise about ensuring that quality of education is realized. The outcome of the study will be able to source of immense information and help to educational planners, counselors and administers towards to ensuring that our educational system will not be thrown to the dust bin resource planners in the state and federal government will also derive a wealth of knowledge from it.

Additionally, it will acts as a guide for recruitment of qualified teachers in different fields and enhancing learning environment. Finally it will be a source of enlightenment to students, parents, institutions, government and the society at large.

SCOPE AND DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY 

This research covered all the past years by checking the results and assessing the students that passel out during these years in four selected schools. This research study was limited to the responses from College of Education, Ekiadolor-Benin in Ovia North East Local Government Area of Edo State concerning the relationship between the adequacy of teachers, infrastructures, available of instructional materials, interest of students, parental support and quality of students produced enables the researcher to pass judgment on the causes of academic performance among students in Ovia North East Local Government Area of Edo State.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

1. WAEC (west Africa examination council) they conduct school certificate exams with the country and west African region.
2. NECO (national examination council) they conduct senior school exams within the country (Nigeria).
3. NPE (national policy on education) they make and regulate education policy.
4. S.S.C.E (senior secondary school certificate examination) this is an examination for these in senior secondary school.
5. NBTE (national board for technical education) they employ and conduct exams for technical school.
6. NABTEB (national business and technical examination board) the conduct exams for technical school and entrance exams for technical college

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