AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE CAUSES OF TRUANCY AMONG STUDENTS IN SECONDARY SCHOOL

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ABSTRACT

The purpose of this project is to deal with the problem of truancy with particular reference to influence of peer group, inadequate school materials, poor feeding at home, poor meth0od of teaching, too much work in the morning at home before coming to the school etc. in Ikpoba Okha Secondary School Students, Ikpoba Okha Local Government Area in Edo State of Nigeria. In this project, I have tried to find out the cause of the above problem in this particular school. This project and deals with what other authors said are the possible causes and solutions to the problems. To get the actual causes of this problem, oral interviews were conducted for various groups of people in the school and the community. Some causes of the problem of the study were identified; solutions and recommendation which the reader shall come across were highlighted. If the community and the government jointly implement the recommendations given, future occurrence of similar problems in Ikpoba Okha Secondary School Students can be averted.

TABLE OF CONTENT

Chapter One 

Background to the study

Statement of the problems

Purpose of the study

Significant of the study

Research questions

Scope of the study

Assumption

Limitations

Definition of terms

Chapter Two            

Review of related literature

Poverty

The function of the parents

Bullying on the student

Uninteresting lesson

The role of the teacher

Chapter Three

Methodology

Research design

Population for the study

Sample and sampling techniques

Instrumentation

Validation

Method of data collection

Method of data analysis

Chapter Four

Data analysis, presentation and discussion of results

Chapter Five            

Summary of findings, conclusion and recommendations

Summary

Conclusion

Recommendations

References

Questionnaires

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

The origin of truancy among secondary school students situated at Ikpoba Okha Local Government Area of Edo State. The schools in Ikpoba Okha are divided it names from the clan of origin in the early state, the population of the school were few but now they are vast. Today, among the students of the schools there was many truants and deviant behaviour has greatly hindered the progress of the schools generally. I have taken it up as a responsibility to find out the causes of the truancy and the way to stop the evil. This long essay on the causes of truancy is intended to take a critical look into one or the major rules that influence students to the truancy in secondary schools. Some of the truants students will go with their fellow students to indulge in watch video in their own resident.

Justice R. A. L. Ogbobin, said that broken homes are assess to truancy. Truancy is a great danger in a discipline school possibly the whole students in the school to delinquent. This is true because students initiative and don’t at the moment realized the consequences of their delinquency. The measuring of the truancy in the secondary school students, I shall be taking a random sample of the truants find out from that the cause of truancy from their homes, schools and the society they live. It is against this research in the solution of the above measure of truancy and not far fetch. The teacher should advice the parents of the students to provide the students with adequate or requisite school materials and also let parents know the problem if causes failing to do so, teacher should not bully on the students, because hinder the students backwardness. A student should be corrected by the teacher. The government should go further to make law to punish those couples whose home are broken leaving the children to play truancy.

It is against this background that this research work is structured to examine the factors and consequences (effects) of truancy on students of origin and destination which will be vividly focused on Benin City. I shall finally suggest suitable measures that should help to reduce the evil.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS

Over a long period of time the problem of truancy among students in secondary school a drift has been a serious one which generated a matter of concerns among scholars. This problems of truancy has militated against the goals and objectives setup by the parents and our educational policy makers for the education. the daily reduction of this students due to truancy in a school also creates a high rate of absenteeism this leads to the poor result of the students truancy can mislead some students to different kinds of crime of the following:

a.                  Stealing

b.                  Fighting

c.                  Understanding type of activities that are worthless

d.                  Using and bullying on people

In this research, my mere writing can not put a stop to the problem of truancy; but can do so by suggesting way to be carried out by the government and education authorities. A student may be naturally gifted if he becomes a delinquent in the school, he can not develop his innate potentialities to the fullest. Truancy is a common in the life of the students themselves their parents and in turn development of a nation.

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

The purpose of the study include as follows:

i.                    To examine the causes of truancy in secondary school students.

ii.                 To know the purpose why students exposed (indulge) to truancy.

iii.               To investigate the leading factor to truancy among students.

iv.               To put forward some recommendations on the effects of truancy in the life of the students.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY     

The study of the causes of truancy in the society is advantageous. As the evil can easily spread as wildfire, it should be stopped to avoid many students falling into it as victims. If the evil in our school and other similar sources, the students will have the assess to perform well in school activities. Any where the clever ones have the chance to go higher. Students are exposed to the pleasure of good loves of school environment where by they interacts for the development of their society. facing the solution of these crimes like lateness to school, serving as a bus conductor during school hours, hunting birds in the bush at the time they are supported to be in school, wikll be drastically there reduced.

Finally, this study and research finding will also be significant in such a way that it will serve as a pointer to other research who may be interested in the study.

RESEARCH QUESTIONS  

a.                  What are the factors responsible for truancy in secondary school students?

b.                  What are the effects of truancy in the life of t he students in secondary schools

c.                  Why do the students so easily get involved in truancy?

SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The focus and the coverage of this research work is on Ikpoba Okha Local Government Area of Edo State. The choice of the area is based on that fact that the area is the researchers place of on central origin and that the research is very conversant with the area. There is no doubt because the study will give a relative and reliable picture of this situation in other similar areas of Edo State.

ASSUMPTION

This research is designed to entertain many main and sub problems. According to P. O. Adeyomo assume that the following causes of truancy are common in the society which are:

a.                  keeping in a bad company

b.                  Uninteresting lesson of the teacher

c.                  Teacher as a truant

d.                  Lack of school materials

e.                  Failures to comply with school requirements

f.                   The students keeping awake near by all the right and does not get up early enough to prepare for school.

g.                  Laziness on the part of school students.

Although this study is restricted to the teachers and students. Because the investigator is interested in the factors in the school.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Truancy – This could be defined as the practice by which the students leave home for school but do not reach their destination rather they stay mid way between home and school when school close. They return carry their boxes or bags and go home in accompany of their mates in the pretence that they have close or returned from school.

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A STUDY OF THE CAUSES, EFFECT AND REMEDIES OF DRUG ABUSE AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS

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ABSTRACT

This study was carried out in order to determine the effect of drug abuse on the performance of students. A sample of hundred students from four secondary schools, Benin City, Edo State was used for the study. From the information gathered during the study, it show that drug abuse affect the academic performance of students. Data was collected from students in some selected secondary schools through the use of questionnaires, the following conclusion were made from the findings.

1.          Drug education should be compulsory course to all students in primary, secondary and tertiary institution no matter their area of study.

2.          Government should discourage illegal drugs procurement and the sales of drugs should be restricted to qualified pharmacists.

3.          Counselling programme should be established be it educational, family, psychotherapy, religious and recreational which must be use by government to put the community alright in substance abused and used.

4.          Drug free club should be established in schools. Health campaign programme should be intensified in the community.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

Research over the past two decades has tried to determine how drug abuse begins and how it progresses from time immemorial, the use of drugs has always been associated with the existence of mans. In the earliest societies, man ahs always thought that disease was as a result of the gods being angry and to prevent or cure such diseases sacrifices were made. As society settled down in scattered settlements, they needed to keep their surrounding clean. This emphasis from the gods as the causative factors of diseases shifted to the environment. They discovered that disease were caused by pathogens.

Basically, medication were made from roots, herbs, leaves and other natural materials when they are identified or thought to have medicinal properties the use of these substance data back to early history. The ancient Egyptian for example were highly skilled in making and using medication for treatment for both external and internal infection. Most of the drugs we use today originated from nature are now produced synthetically legally manufacture drugs are produced under carefully controlled conditions. In this process, they are examined tested for standard and quality before being approved for sale and use. All drug when produced are manufactured specially for certain ailment or condition of certain people. Drug abuse has become a problem today to our secondary school students. It means the use of drugs of a non-medical or non-scientific purpose with the potentiality of harm to the user and to the locality.

From research, the task with witnessed are upsurge in the number of drug that are commonly abused by students in locality and the world at large. However, illicit drug use and abuse are rising among all sector of the population, not just the young. It has also been observed that population involved in the abuse and use of drug across social economic background and educational level as both the liberate and illiterate get involved and that secondary school students are most involved in drug abuse and even the female students. It is acting and sad amazement to note that secondary school students are mostly at risk of drug abuse who in Edo State make up a great portion of our population. It is observed that if drug abuse is rampant among this group of youths female leader of the locality may as well sink into a marshy from the research many students die every year of drug abuse. Illegal trade in drug is multi-billion dollar business which threatens to corrupt and destabilize the economy of many people.

Also the degree of drug abuse is rather heightened with the involvement of primary pupils, secondary school students etc in the act. Furthermore, drug on its own is a chemical that influences or modifies the action of the body’s own chemistry in other words, it is any substance, which when taken modifies the body function or substance, when used affects the body and mind. It does this by changing the body’s function and or behaviour of the user. Unfortunately most of the students ignore such medical advice or direction but indulge in drug or misuse.

It is important to note that drug abuse is not confined simply to the abuse of dangerous drugs like narcotics, opium, heroine etc but also the abuse of cocaine, panadol, antibiotic, laxative, kola nuts,, alcohol etc in other words even substance from food is a drug harmful or dangerous if not take properly. Drugs abuse arise when drug are being taken without medical prescription or in excess of prescribed dosage for example imagine anxious mother seeing that her child who has stomach pain, went and bought antibiotic syrups and gives to the child because such was prescribed for a friend child who has stomach pain and was very effective, we said that such person is guilty of drug abuse. Classification of drugs is as follows:

1.          Stimulants such as tobacco, cocaine, kola nuts, coffee, cigarette etc.

2.          Depressants hyporotic and sedatives such as alcohol, barbiturates etc.

3.          Hallucinogens such as tetrahedral caunabina (cannabis)

4.          Narcotics such as morphine, codeine, heroine etc.

5.          Anxiolytic/tranquilizer such Benzodiazephine, diazepam such as popularly known as valium etc in order to reduce or prevent the rate of drug abuse among the students, the role of the teachers, parents, and government and guidance counsellors as well cannot be undermined.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMS                

Drug abuse has statically remained a major concern and focus of various teacher, parents, government and as well guidance counsellors, which have through several policies made by legislatures over the years tried to prevent or reduce the menace of drug abuse among youths or students in secondary school.

Moreso, drug abuse has been observed to be rampant among the secondary school students institution in Oredo LGA in Edo State.

PURPOSE OF STUDY

The purpose of the study is to investigate the effect of drug abuse and the role of teachers, parents, and government and guidance counsellor in preventing drug abuse among students in our secondary school in Oredo LGA of Edo State.

1.          Ascertain the various methods, ways and approaches adopted by teachers, parents (families) including government, schools, community, contents, delivery n controlling drug abuse.

2.          Find out the level of understanding of both students and teachers in drug abuse.

3.          Find out whether some unpleasant action have resulted from drug abuse among secondary school students in Oredo LGA in Edo State.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The outcome of this study should be abused to serve as reference or as a reading text to many who want to give broader knowledge about the cause, effects and remedies of drugs rehabilitation centres with the help of the ministry of Health drug Inspection unit (DTU). Above all, this piece of work will help to offer proper useful suggestions on the implication of drug abuse and most especially the roles of parents and teachers, guidance counsellor in preventing or reducing the rate of it abuse. Generally, drugs are abuse or misused because they alter the mode of behaviour of an individual. A worldwide scholar known as Smith (1969) classified drug user into four categories as:

a.          Experimental drug users

b.          Compulsive drug users

c.           Periodic or recreational drug users

d.          Ritualistic drug users.

Experimental Drug User: The experimental drug users starts because of the need to satisfy one’s curiosity or yield to pressure from ones friend or close person. The first experience with the drug may be unpleasant to the user and he or she may stop and never try it again, while some may be encouraged by habitual users that the first unpleasant experience will pass away and more frequent use will bring pleasurable effects.

Periodic or Recreational Drug Users: The periodic or recreational drug users and excitement, the individual has gone beyond experimental stage, by becoming a regular user, he or she has developed some social pattern for its use and generally he is a practical user of one specific drug rather than multiple drug users.

Compulsive Drug Users: The compulsive drug users develop on physical or psychological dependence on one or more drugs, the group comprises as many adult as adolescent most of whom are seeking euphoric state that will break the routine or boredom of their lives.

Ritual Drug users: The ritualistic drug users believed that drug provide spiritual or religious experience. This group is made up of cultist who seeks revelation through the injection of drugs. More so, Smith (1969) proceeded and made a second classification of people who are likely to develop drug dependence as follows:

Young people who are looking for vioke. People who have problem and need drug to sleep or lighten their burden.

People of advancing age who usually experience aches and pains. People whop are genuinely ill and indicated with such drugs in the hospital.

RESEARCH QUESTIONS

1.          Drug abuse causes mental illness, other health hazards and social disorders.

2.          Drugs abuse lead to failure of students and dropout from school.

3.          Drug abuse affects the academic performance of students.

4.          Implication of drug abuse among students result from peer group influence.

5.          Drug abuse can be prevented through multi-component programme, (family and school programme)

SCOPE OF THE STUDY  

This study is limited to secondary school in Oredo LGA (Edo State) two schools were selected, these include: Ihogbe College.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Health- The world organization defined health as a state of complete physical, mental and social well being, and not merely an absence of diseases and infirmity. It is on the basis of this definition of health that th perception of the effects of drug abuse the role of parents and teacher I preventing on health of student was based.

WHO: the world health organization is the main body concerned with international hearth

Dose: A specific quantity of medication of the administered at one time.

Sedatives: These are drug that soothe or induce an individual.

Stimulants: There refer to drinks or drugs which act in a way that is opposite to sedative and make the brain active.

Narcotic: A drug which produces abnormal deep sleep.

Heroine: The same brand with Indian hemp but gotten from different parts mostly found in American and it has effect on the central nervous system.

Parent Medicine: Medicine that can be obtained without doctor’s prescription (e.g. Asprin)

Diagnosis: The act of distinguishing one disease from another.

Chemist: An individual skill in drug.

Prescription: A written direct for the administration of drug as remedy.

Barbiturate: Drug used for relaxing the nerves and used to induce sleep.

Drug used: This is an individual that takes or that apply drug.

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CAUSES AND PROBLEMS OF DIVORCE AND ITS EFFECT ON CHILD EDUCATION IN SELECTED SCHOOLS

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ABSTRACT

This project deals with the causes and problems of divorce and its effects on the child’s education in some selected secondary schools in Egor Local Government Area, Uwelu Secondary School, Egor Secondary School, Useh Secondary School, Evbarekhe Secondary School, in Ego Local Government Area of Edo State. The purpose of this study is to identify the causes and problems of divorces and the effects on the performance of children in secondary schools. In pursuance of the study, certain problems which require solution were identified and they are:

(i)                Students from broken homes suffer a lot of psychological and emotional problems.

(ii)             Insecurity and unruly attitude of step-parents of these students lead them to steal items that does not belong to them in school.

Questionnaires were circulated among 120 respondents, a hundred were retrieved and their responses were analyzed by the simple percentage techniques owing to the result of finding, the following recommendations were made. Parents should build their family on sound foundation of love, mutual understanding and good planning in order to bring up children who will be useful to themselves and to the society at large.  

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENT

Chapter one: introduction    

Background to study

Statement of problems

Purpose of study

Significance of study

Research questions

Scope of study

Limitation of study

Definition of terms

Chapter two: Literature review

Scientific approach

Courtship

Family organization

Educational background

Theoretical basis of the causes of divorce

Divorce and the future of the family

Chapter three: methodology

Source of data

Population and sample

Sampling techniques

Instrument for collecting data

Validation of data

Reliability of the instrument

Method of data collection

Data analysis techniques

Chapter four      

Analysis of data

Discussion

Chapter five       

Summary, findings, recommendations and conclusions

Findings

Recommendation

Conclusion

REFERENCE    

QUESTIONNAIRE

 

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Marriage of a youth in ancient society was parts of the responsibilities of his parents. The young man had no choices and no say. He accepted his wife his joy and thanks. In some cases, a wife was married for him at a time he could certainly not afford to keep a wife all maintenance was borne by the parents. In the past marriage were a matter within the clan or within clan’s and its environs parents were not anxious to see their suns getting married to girls from distant places or other tribes.

 

Marriages arranged by parents on the basis of family friendship ties rarely broke up in the past. Divorce in the ancient times was also very rate, because of penalties of proven infidelity and fear of offending elders of both families in Nigerian, there are four clearly defined types of marriage we have the church or statutory marriage those performed at the mosques and marriage contracted according to native law and customs of any ethnic group. The purpose of marriage is to have children and establish a family. When these children eventually arrive, they are regarded as blessing from God and are social and economic assets to their parents.

 

The family, this time needs a home to live in and feel secured. Thus, home is a place where a family lives and also a place where one secures love. It is a place which provides all individual needed in order to fit into the society successfully. A home provides for food, physical, mental, psychological and spiritual; development of its members. A home is built on love and mutual understanding and good planning is able to meet its goals in a home where love and understanding are lacking, such a home is bound to crack and fissure in all direction. This broken homes are homes or families where either the father or the mother has ceased to be further member of such a home of family through divorce, desertion to mention but a few.

 

Divorce therefore can be defined to be personal misfortune for either of the spouse ion any society but it is a universal escape for the inevitable tension is marriage. Divorce as a matter of fact breaks the bonds, which once united two individual and their family. Marriage is a big step in life, in which a person plans as a career or even business, certainly you either fail or succeed. This bond dissolution can occur as a result of extra marital practices by either of the partners, early marriage, a solution where either of the spouses is not ripe enough for marriage before getting married.

 

The proper upbringing of children is a more important objective of the family than the happiness of the parents. This is because the early of child life are the formation of personality and these are the years that are spent mainly in association with parent’s siblings and the family. The home as the child’s immediate environment forms the basis for personality development, which accompanies the individual throughout life. As a result of divorce or broken home children fails to develop ties to one or few important person in the family and when these ties are disrupted, children are taught at school impaired in developing close relationship in adulthood.

 

They feel better and carryover critically as a happy person and at the same time cannot concentrate on anything taught at school. When a mother is out of a home, leaving the children under charity and mercy of step-mother, these children are prone to many problems such as poor feeding, negligence not inspired to study or learn, diseases and sicknesses, emotional disturbance (fear, insecurity) as such they are not likely to perform up to expectation in school. For a marriage to be successful there is the need for the couples to be in harmony-mentally, physically, and spiritually. In other words, the husband and the wife must have a common goal and each has to contribute his or her own quota towards its fulfillment and the key ward should be love.

 

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

There are many problems with divorce or broken homes which at the long run reflect on the performance of children in schools. Some of these problems are;

i.                    Meeting of a gap on the children’s existence because there is no adult to guide and direct their behavior and desires as children learn by imitation.

ii.                 There is increase in domestic work and redistribution of household chores, which leaves the children with little or no time for their studies

iii.               Also, it has been observed that children from broken homes suffer some other problems such as non-provision of some basic material needs like non-provision of some basic materials needs like food, clothing and learning material

iv.               In security, step parent do not show much love and affection to their step children. Thus, these children suffer from mental retardation, personality improvement and are always miserable. They show behavioral responses like lying, stealing, building and playing truant in school.

In view of this, the researcher is forced to wonder whether extra-relationship and financial problem could lead to broken home, and if broken homes, are they causes of decrease in the performance of children in schools. In that, a closer look at the turn out of secondary school graduates these days reveals a lot of half-cooked, half-boiled and half-baked scholars academically, socially and otherwise.

 

PURPOSE OF STUDY

The researcher is interested in the study of causes, problems and effects of divorce or broken homes in the performances of children in schools because of the present decrease children’s performance in schools which is giving much concern to most Nigerians as to where we are heading to. In view of this, this study is geared towards identifying the causes and problem of broken homes and the effects on the performance of children in some selected secondary schools in Egor local government area. Also, to educated married couples and the general public of the consequences of divorce and or broken homes on the children and to encourage them to live harmoniously in order to bring up children who will successfully fit into the society and become useful to themselves and finally make necessary recommendations.

 

RESEARCH QUESTIONS

1.                  Do couples realize the causes of problems in marriage which lead to divorce?

2.                  Are couples aware of problems associated with divorce as it affect their offspring and the society?

3.                  Does psychological and emotional disturbances lead to academic and social backwardness in schools?

4.                  Does insecurity and unruly attitude of step mothers to students of broken homes lead them to steal at school?

5.                  Does lack of encouragement on the part of step parents contribute to academic backwardness of students?

6.                  Do children from broken homes opportune to plan their future career with their sponsor?

 

SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY

It is hoped that findings from this study will enrich programmes of teaching social studies. The researcher is interested in the study of effect of divorce on the performance of children in schools because whatever happens in the home has a bearing in the academic performance of children. It is necessary to educate the young stars who are yet unmarried about the problems and causes of divorce and their consequences on the children. It will also make young stars to decimate their parents. Findings from this study will aid children from parent who have being thought divorce in the understanding of problem experienced by their parents and give them assurance about their future.

 

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Family: A group of persons, two or more related by blood, marriage or adoption residing together; all such persons are considered as members of one family

Marriage: Union of man woman as husband and wife.

Couple: Two persons seen together as husband and wife.

Divorce: Put an end to a marriage by law.

Infidelity: Disloyalty or unfaithfulness of husband or wife sexually outside matrimonial homes.

 

Continue reading CAUSES AND PROBLEMS OF DIVORCE AND ITS EFFECT ON CHILD EDUCATION IN SELECTED SCHOOLS →

CAUSES, EFFECTS AND 21st CENTURY SOLUTION TO EXAMINATION MALPRACTICE AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS

 

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ABSTRACT

Examination is a weapon normally used for social engineering and he puts it thus. It is used in breaking through social class barriers and quickening social mobility. Therefore, the imperative of examination because we cannot scope one form of examination or the other, there is constantly emphasis by people on the need to pass since it fells who should have a given job at the expenses of on the spot (mouth oral test). In whichever for an examination to take place, we must note that it is always competitive. Meanwhile, the outcome of any given test is not governed by a complete standard of performance by the degree of excellence of the contestants. Also, in the civil service sectors, results are guided by the number of vacancies to be occupied. It is worthwhile, to note than in the school system every child has to write a series of tests in the secondary school. There are in the form of class terminal and seasonal examinations and to go a long way to determine whether he will reach the final year class. T his project contains five chapters and will together deals with causes of examination malpractice.

 

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER ONE     

Introduction

1.1             Background of the study

1.2             Statement of the problem

1.3             Purpose of the study

1.4             Significance of the study

1.5             Research questions

1.6             Scope and limitations of the study

1.7             Definition of terms

CHAPTER TWO                

2.1       Review of related literature

2.2       The function of examination in education

2.3       Abuses in over-dependence on examination

2.4       Indications of malpractices

2.5       Reasons why students cheat during examinations

2.6       Parents/teachers level of expectation is too high

2.7       The approach of coordinating examinations are defective

2.8       Learners not properly taught by teachers

2.9       Students have not sufficiently worked at their examinations

2.10    The desire to succeed

CHAPTER THREE

3.1       Methodology population of the study

3.2       Sample of the study

3.3       Instrumentation

3.4       Administration of questionnaire

3.5       Method of Data Analysis

CHAPTER FOUR  

4.1       Reasons for students cheating at examination

4.2       Origin (causes) of examination malpractice according to teacher and school principal.

4.3       Origin of examination malpractice according to teachers and school principal.

4.4       Method used by students while cheating during examination

4.5       Method used by students while cheating during examination

4.6       Sources of examination leakages

CHAPTER FIVE    

5.1       Discussion of results

5.2       Reasons for students cheating during examination

5.3       Summary of research

5.4       Conclusion

5.5       Recommendation

REFERENCES       

QUESTIONNAIRES         

 

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

1.1       BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

There are so many indicators in the literature that examination is one of the most controversial matters in our contemporary society

Hence due to its nature, it attracts very many critics this situation has given rise to where a part of the critics believes that examination as the last resort

Categorically, examination is clearly knows to render very useful help in the field of education meanwhile, Stephen (1969) views that there are numerous examples in all countries of the world while are in reality and frequently in name, also, competitions designed to elimate the majority of candidates and allocate the reminder to certain know vacancies for example the civil service in secondary schools in colleges or universities. In the real fact examination is usually employed to mark either pass or fail is constantly applied to a collection of students. It collaborate the view of Stephen where he declares that history as to back up the view setting children against one another in trials and competition has always been a respectable means of inciting them to deal because examination is used to measure the academic performance of every students. With this mind, they have always strived to pass. In the same vein, it also encourages a kind of competition within a collection of students who will aim at the attainable highest mark in classes.

Apart from the foregoing examination as still used for giving grades to the individual students. By casting our minds into past, the West Africa councils issued resulted on the basis of some grading where students where placed in  stratification one, two, three, respectively secondly the relevant practices of the Nigeria teaching institute is that students are given certificates in the ground of distinction, credit, and good classification and either of those where marked through examinations

By the standard of the National Certificate Education, students are by custom grouped into first, second, further subdivided into upper and lower or third class degree having successful undergone a rigorous set of examination.

Consequently, all those situations have been put together to exert influence on the child’s attitude which have always had a way of bringing about negative desire or success in any given examination with or without adequate and necessary preparations.

However, it is good to note that examination goes beyond the four walls of the school system. Hence, Nwama (1979) observed that “in business sector, the more theoretical examinations one passes, the better the chances of advancement even of productivity does not increase. According to him, this is the social and even candidates operate.

Examination still more, could be used as a medium for issuing licensed. A paragonised paragon by the view of Stephen is driving test and here he declared “no one so far wishes to put a limit to computing against each other in a series of proficiency test designed to unlock out all but a small earlier determined quantity of top grade performance. The authority has every desire to ensure that those who handle cars are capable of doing so with at least a minimum of efficiency. The essence of an examination before written before the issuance of driving license is just to answer that life is made safer for the majority of the populace using our highways.

Furthermore, he believes that examination is a weapon normally used for social engineering and he puts it thus, it is used in breathing through social class barriers and quickening social mobility. Therefore, the imperative of examination because we cannot cope one form of examination of the other, there is constantly emphasized by people on the need to pass since it tells who should have a given job at the expenses of on the spot mouth (oral) test. In whichever form an examination takes, we must note that it is always competitive. Meanwhile, the outcome of any given test is not governed by a complete standard of performance but by the degree of excellence of the contestants. Also, in the civil service sectors, results are guided by the number of vacancies to be occupied. It is worthwhile to note that in the school system, every child has to write a series of tests in the secondary school. There are in the form of class terminal and session examination and to go long way to determine whether he will reach the final year class. Therefore, the next examination to be taken will be either the national examination, which is the final year class. These are respectively organized by the NECO and WAEC.

It is essential to place on record that success at either of this examination helps to determine the success made in the six years spent in the secondary school. So higher marks attained in any of them becomes one of the yardstick to institutions of higher learning while having to write other sets of consecutive competitive examination with the JAMB to mention but a few.

 

 

1.2       STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

It has become an idea from the background of this work that examination plays a very useful role in our education and society at large. It is a very rare phenomenon to see where honest examinations are conducted. However, as early as 70s examination malpractices have been reported in our education cycle. With action in mind, those who involved themselves in examination malpractice usually introduce systematic and sophisticated method in overshadowing even clever and watchful invigilators. Malpractice has been a nationwide scourge and of which Edo State is also inclusive. For this reason is made to investigate the extent it has gone in the area of the study have and why it happens mainly in secondary schools in Oredo Local Government Area of Edo State.

 

 

1.3       PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

The purpose of the study is to examine examination malpractices among secondary schools in Oredo Local Government Area of Edo State.

Right from the early 1970s, examination malpractices have been on the increase due to the negative trend, various bodies have been seeking panacea to it.

Meanwhile, as they tend to proffer possible solutions, they learn more and more styles of committing the crime; hence, this work is concerned specially to investigate critically some useful aspects of examination malpractices.

a.      Reasons why students cheat during examination exercise.

b.      The method used by the in cheating

c.      The extent to which the society, teachers, parents, and students involve themselves in examination malpractice.

d.      The effect of examination malpractices on students, school and the society.

1.4       SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY 

It is believed that lots of benefits will be gotten from this study. In the first place, it will mark the degree to which students, teachers and parents involved in examination malpractices.

 

 

1.5       RESEARCH QUESTIONS

With a close reflection to the thought provoking questions above the following that, there is a relationship between parents and teachers level of expectation and students cheating in any given examination.

a.      Why is that poor taught students are most certainly to breach the integrity of the conduct of examination?

b.      Why does the relationship between the drive for success and breaching examination rules and regulations occur?

c.      Why is it that the students who have not equipped themselves adequately are most certain to cheat in an examination?

d.      There is a connection between students, cheating in an examination and accomplish using it as an avenue to making more money.

 

 

1.7       DEFINITIONS OF TERMS

Malpractices: It is the action of any person usually not in conformity with laid down rules and regulations whether internal or external.

Local Government Area: A group of towns and villages delimited as a result of the Local Government Edict No 13 of 1976.

Educators: As used here implies school principals, administrators and teachers sampled.

WAEC: West African Examinations Council

NECO: National Examination Council

NABTEB: National Business and Technical Examination Board

GCE: General Certificate of Examination

Internal Examination: This is examination usually given to students by their class teachers.

 

Continue reading CAUSES, EFFECTS AND 21st CENTURY SOLUTION TO EXAMINATION MALPRACTICE AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS →

A STUDY OF THE CAUSES OF TEENAGE PREGNANCY AMONG FEMALE STUDENTS AND ITS EFFECTS ON THEIR ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN SECONDARY SCHOOL

 

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ABSTRACT

This research work is carried out to find out the causes of teenage pregnancy among female student in Ikpoba Okha Local Government Area in Edo State. It deals with the purpose of the study, which is to find out the problems teens are facing concerning unwanted pregnancy and unwed parenthood. To suggest ways of helping any youth facing the dilemma of unwed parenthood as well as practical suggestions for adolescents in avoiding the pitfall of being pregnant. Related literature was reviewed and questionnaires were administered. It was observed that most students drop out from secondary school as a result of teenage pregnancy the summary recommendation and conclusion researcher was able to find out that adolescent from neglected families or broken home lead to teenage pregnancy. It was also detected that lack of exposition, lack of family guidance and bad company contribute a lot to teenage pregnancy. Based on the above findings, it was recommended that since the parents has a greater role to play in the life of adolescent therefore parents should maintain stable and positive relationship with their children. And also parents encourage deep religious spiritual affiliation and realistic academic expectation.

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENT

Chapter One

Introduction

1.1         Background of the study

1.2         Statement of the problem

1.3         Purpose of the study

1.4         Research questions

1.5         Significance of the study

1.6         Scope and limitations

1.7         Definition of terms

Chapter Two

Review of literature

Chapter Three

3.0         Methodology

3.1         Population of the study

3.2         Sample selection

3.3         Research Instrument

3.4         Research Procedure

3.5         Reliability and Validity of Instrument

3.6         Method of analysis

Chapter Four

4.1         Analysis of Data

Chapter Five

Summary, Conclusion and Recommendations

References

Questionnaires

 

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1         BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY 

The number of teenagers giving birth each year is staggering. In fact of the slight more than 10% of young mothers are teenagers. Nigerian birth rate for adolescent is one of the highest in the world and the prevalence among female adolescent in Nigeria of sexually transmitted infection including HIV is climbing rapidly. In an effect to reduce her high pregnancy rate by teenagers including other problems, Nigerians developed a national reproduction health policy in the year 2000 that focuses on preventing risk sexual behaviour during adolescent (national Population Commission) Nigeria demographic and health survey 2004, Abuja Nigeria Commission 2006.

While sexual knowledge is higher among young people put of school sexual experience while in school pay prompt students to acquire sexual knowledge and to move out of school. In Nigeria, pregnancy and motherhood mark the end of school attendance and by 16 years,  21% female adolescent are either pregnant or have given birth. Teenagers face daily pressure from peers, they are expose to influence of TV movies, the music industry and internet etc unfortunately young ones are too inexperienced to handle the consequences of pregnancy.

 

 

1.2         STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMS

This research work is to look into the causes of teenage pregnancy among female students and its effect. Millions of children return from school to an empty house because both parents are of the working class, which makes many teenagers less parents. Dysfunction families have set the stage for pregnancy. Many parents feel that their young ones will be taught sex education in school while the schools have failed to meet that demand. So good foundation of sex education both in school and at home, there is also the powerful influence of the media because teenager usually spend more likely to practice these behaviours in real life and have multiple sexual partners. In our computer age, children do not need to have computer in their homes before using one, the use of computer have increased in many country including Nigeria and sexual materials of all kinds are easily accessible through the internet. Unsupervised internet use may expose teenagers to pornographic and sex chart room, some teenagers are willing to accept sex if they are paid and some adult encourage teenage sex by deliberately taking advantages of their being poor.

Most parents fail to understand their children and do not have a close relationship with their children as a result, find it difficult to confide matters to their parents.

 

 

1.3         PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

School age girls who are become pregnant come from all socio-economic classes, all race, and all part of the country. The main aim of this project therefore is designed to help many youth face dilemma of unwed parenthood as well as practical suggestions for adolescents in avoiding the pitfalls of being pregnant and becoming parents suddenly.

 

 

1.4         RESEARCH QUESTIONS

1.            Is there any significant difference between negligence of children by parents and teenage pregnancy?

2.            Is there any significant difference between knowledge of sex education either in school or at home and teenage pregnancy?

3.            Is there any significant difference between exposure to media and computer and teenage pregnancy?

4.            Is there any significance difference between parental background and teenage pregnancy?

5.            Is there any significance difference between peer group influence and teenage pregnancy?

 

 

1.5         SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The necessity to have teenagers make the right decisions pick appropriate findings, view others with value or importance and become better mothers and fathers. Now that there is much controversy and confusion as regard sex and morals, have made ours project a good relevant to our moral society.

This is the nation making (practical suggestions) available to all at the appropriate time become next in priority.

 

 

1.6         DEFINITION OF TERMS 

Adoption: That act or process of adopting a child.

Abortion: Is the removal of expulsion of an embryo or fetus from the uterus resulting in or caused by death.

Adolescent: A young person age 10-14 years.

Curiosity: The desire to know above a lot of different things.

Pregnancy: The condition of being pregnant or the period of time when a woman is pregnant.

Promiscuous: Having sex with a lot of people.

Peer Pressure: A strong pressure imposes by peer group.

Peer: Some one of the same age group, social class etc.

Sex Education: Education in school about the physical processes and emotions involved in sex.

Teenage motherhood: Someone who give birth between the age of 13 and 19 or a girl who give birth at her teenage age some one who is between 13 and 19 years old.

 

 

Continue reading A STUDY OF THE CAUSES OF TEENAGE PREGNANCY AMONG FEMALE STUDENTS AND ITS EFFECTS ON THEIR ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN SECONDARY SCHOOL →