CAUSES, EFFECT AND SOLUTION TO INFLATION IN NIGERIA

A CASE STUDY OF EDO STATE

 

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ABSTRACT

The study examines the impact of inflation on economic growth of Nigeria. Other micro economic variable tested along with inflation in this study are Agriculture, manufacturing, and trade. In analyzing the data the simple percentage method was applied the empirical results demonstrated that there is a positive relationship between the dependent variable (agriculture and trade) and explanatory variable except in manufacturing.The relationship between inflation and economic growth is one, which many economists have watched with keen interest. Producers in the production sector cash on this phenomenon to make a brisk business sat the expense of fixed income earners. This informs the increase in turnover in inflationary periods. Money economy gave rise to inflation, which reduces the living standard of the people and the level of saving dwindles in turn. The effect on economic growth is dependent on the level of economic activity going on. If there are more producers, there are likely to be an increase in the level of economic growth vice versa.In all, inflation do not wish any economy well, so should be eradicated by a deliberate effort. Nigeria has intellectuals that are capable of formulating good monetary and fiscal policies that will benefit her. Aside economic viewpoint, inflation devastates social, health and educational, infrastructure, it should be discouraged in our system.

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

1.1       Background to the study

1.2       Statement of problems

1.3       Purpose of study

1.4       Scope of study

1.5       Limitation of study

1.6       Definition of terms

1.7       The significance of study

CHAPTER TWO

2.0              Definition/General review

2.1              Types of inflation

2.2              Causes of various types of inflation

2.3              Adverse effects of the various types of inflation

2.4              Inflation in Edo State

2.5              Effect of inflation in the locality

2.6              Model adopted in controlling inflation

CHATTER THREE

3.0              Methodology

3.1              Research instruments/models

3.2              Sampling of study

3.3              Sampling techniques

3.4              Graphical Illustration of data

3.5              Analysis of data

3.6              Efficiency/deficiency of data

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0              Presentation and analysis of data

4.1       presentation of analysis

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0       Summary

5.1       Recommendation

5.2       Conclusion

REFERENCE          

QUESTIONNAIRE

 

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

The word inflation rings a bell in the market economics of the world. It is a monster that threatens all economics because of its undesirable effects. The problem of inflation surely is not a new phenomenon. It has been a major problem in the country over the years.Inflation is defined as a generalised increase in the level of price sustained over a long period in an economy (Lipsey and Chrystal, 1995).

 

Inflation is a household word in many market oriented economics. Although several people, producers, consumers, professionals, non-professionals, trade unionists, workers and the likes, talks frequently about inflation particularly if the malady has assumed a chronic character, yet only selected few knows or even bother to know about the mechanics and consequences of inflation.After an appreciable economic performance in the early 1970s, the Nigeria economy witnessed some anxious moment in the late 1970s to mid 1980s.

 

Severe pressures built up in the economy mainly because of the expansionary fiscal policy of the federal government during these years. This was accompanied by high monetary expansion as the huge government deficit was financed largely by the Central Bank of Nigeria. This was exacerbated by the transfer of government sector deposits to the banks and the resultant increase in their free reserves with adverse consequences on the general price level. The inflationary pressure was further aggravated by high demand for imports of both intermediate inputs and consumer goods due to over valuation of the naira which made imports relatively cheaper than locally manufactured goods. In this case, the impediments to development may be referred to as cost.

 

Economics theory, however, postulates that for the profit to be maximized, cost should be minimized. One of the main cost is inflation, which has turned into a canker worm eating deep into the nation’s path of economic progress. However, as fiscal discipline was restored in the second half of 1999, the pressures on the exchange rate and domestic prices moderated significantly. The economy faced renewed pressures and some uncertainty towards the end of the year as the C.B.N gradually relaxed its tight monetary policy.

 

Undoubtedly one of the macroeconomic goals which the government strives to achieve is the maintenance of stable domestic price level. This goal is pursued in order to avoid cost of inflation or deflation and the uncertainty that follows where there is price instability (Salam et al, 2006). The effects of inflation on economic growth will be examined bearing in mind that a country will grow faster in real terms if inflation is reduced to a barest minimum. Perhaps it should be mentioned here that inflation is not incompatible with growth.

 

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

There is almost a universal consensus that macroeconomic stability, specifically defined as low inflation, is positively related to economic growth. Over the years the question of the existence and nature of the link between inflation and growth has been the subject of considerable interest and debate (Erbaykal and Okuyan, 2008). Although the debate about the precise relationship between these two variables is still open, the continuing research on this issue has uncovered some important results. In particular, it is generally accepted that inflation has a negative effect on medium and long-term growth (Bruno and Easterly, 1998). Inflation impedes efficient resource allocation by obscuring the signalling role of relative price changes, the most important guide to efficient economic decision-making (Fischer, 1993).

 

If inflation is inimical to growth, it obviously follows that policymakers should aim at a low rate of inflation. But how low should inflation be? Should it be 10 percent, 5 percent, or for that matter, zero percent? Or put in other words, is there a level of inflation at which the relationship between inflation and growth become negative? The empirical test of the impact of inflation on the Nigerian economy which is the subject matter of this study shall provide precise answer to the relationship between inflation and growth and how theproblem could be tackled.

 

 

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The broad objective of this study is to examine inflation in developing countries with the view of ascertaining the effect of inflation on economic growth. The specific objectives of this study are to:(i) examine the trend of inflation in Nigeria over the years;(ii) investigate the impact of inflation on the economic growth of Nigeria;(iii) Explore the effect of inflation on capital formation in Nigeria;(iv) Examine the influence of inflation on peoples’ consumption;(v) Suggest visible solutions to the problem of inflation in the country.

 

 

RESEARCH QUESTIONS

This study would be guided by the following research questions:1. What is the trend of inflation in Nigeria?2. How does Inflation impact on economic growth in Nigeria?3. What is the effect of inflation on the level of capital formation in Nigeria?4. How does inflation affect the consumption expenditure of Nigerian households?

STATEMENT OF HYPOTHESES

The hypotheses to be tested in the course of this study are stated below:

Hypothesis IHo : Inflation does not affect significantly the economic growth of Nigeria

.H1 : Inflation affect significantly the economic growth of Nigeria.

Hypothesis II Ho : Inflation does not affect significantly capital formation in Nigeria.

H1 : Inflation affect significantly capital formation in Nigeria.

Hypothesis III Ho : there is no significant relationship between inflation and consumption expenditure of people in Nigeria.

H1 : there is relationship significant between inflation and consumption expenditure of people in Nigeria.

 

THE SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY

The effect of inflation on the economic development of Edo state cannot be over emphasized; therefore, this research work is designed to find out the problem facing the inflation, causes, effect and solutions.

 

SCOPE OF THE STUDY

This work is to cover the effects of inflation and economic development in Edo state between 1993 to 2003 (a decade) and also various ways in which the scourge has been controlled by the various administration and relevance of control model or methods.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Inflation can be defined as any increase in the money supply; however this can be regarded as inflation. This can also be seen as persistent in average price level of goods and services resulting in diminishing purchasing power of a governmental sum of money. Also when the volume of money in circulation is greater than the available goods and services so that there is a continuous tendency for average price level rise.

 

 

 

 

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CAUSES, EFFECTS AND CONTROL OF COMMUNICABLE DISEASES IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS

A CASE STUDY OF OREDO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF EDO STATE

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 ABSTRACT

The study was carried out on the causes, effects and control of communicable diseases in secondary schools in Oredo local government area of edo state.          A survey design was adopted for the study. A self structured valid and reliable questionnaire was the main instrument used for the collection of data. The research questions formulated were tested using the instrument. Results primarily showed that various communicable diseases exist among the students. Results also showed that teachers of this various schools encouraged hygienic practices in the school. It also showed that communicable diseases spread rapidly in dirty environment. The students demonstrated high knowledge of both the causes, effects and control of communicable diseases. Consequently it was recommended that there was need for both the school and the home to work in a coordinated manner to teach the students about the dangers of sharing cloths, towels, brushes and also that health education should be incorporated in the school curriculum.

TABLE OF CONTENT

Chapter One

1.0         Introduction

1.1       Background to the study

1.2       Statement of the problem

1.3       Research questions

1.4       Significance of the study

1.5       Purpose of the study

1.6       scope of the study

1.7       Limitations of the study

1.8       Definition of terms

Chapter Two

2.0       Literature Review

Chapter There

3.0       Research Methodology

3.1       Research Design

3.2       Population of the study

3.3       Sample and sampling procedures

3.4       Research instrument

3.5       Validity of the instrument

3.6       Method of data collection

3.7       Method of data analysis

Chapter Four

4.0       Analysis and Interpretation of data

Chapter Five

5.0       Summary, Conclusion and Recommendations

5.1       Summary of the research

5.2       Conclusion

5.3       Recommendations

5.4       Suggestions for further study

REFERENCES                   

APPENDIX

CHAPTER ONE

1.0         INTRODUCTION

1.1     BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

It is undoubtedly true that man as almost complete dominion over all things on earth, yet he has remained subjected to physical, biological and social environmental problems which he created. Man has largely conquered or is on the way to conquering communicable diseases but in the process of liquidating vectors of diseases. He runs risk of upsetting the circle of nature to the extent that he endangers food supply, pollutes the water he drinks and the air he breaths.

Dokun Oyosola (1995) stressed that a quality environment is important for the promotion of man’s well being but in the process of man striving to control his environment. He has made his environment a greater threat to his health and life as a result of his technologies and industrial advancement. Thus, in the process of finding a better means of living man has succeeded in destroying the environment in which he lives, this observed in air and water.

The school system in Nigeria is not exempted from the environmental health problems, in many schools; the environment is not child friendly. Most of these schools have no adequate water supply, refuse disposal and toilet facilities. This does not agree with a well healthy school environment.

Environmental health problems can be described as man-made hazards to human health. Notable among which are water pollution. This means that despite considerable advances in providing better living condition for human, the environment continue to suffer the outcome of the numerous technological advancement. The school environment can become interesting, pleasant and conducive to teaching learning situation if the serenity of the environment is captivating and sanitarily maintained for the purpose of the control of communicable diseases are charged with the responsibility of undertaking routine inspection. This inspection is done to control communicable diseases in schools.

1.2         STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

The problems associated with communicable diseases in secondary schools vary significantly. Health problems are associated with poverty and lack of essential resources. Among these is inadequate clean water, food, shelter and clean air. In addition, many developing countries, populations are facing health problems. These issues include poor sanitation.  This is true of Nigerian with an over increasing population, a degraded environment increases the likelihood of disease especially communicable diseases and death.

The supply and distribution of drinking water to students can be a major cause of health problems in schools. The inability of school authorities to provide good drinking water and proper storage system in the school to both parents and government. Where water is provided, students share cups and water cans in such a manner that those having communicable disease can easily transfer such to other.

1.3         PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

The researcher wishes to examine causes, effects and control of communicable diseases in secondary schools in Oredo Local Government Area of Edo State.

1.4         RESEARCH QUESTIONS

1.            Does the knowledge of health education help to prevent communicable disease in schools?

2.            Does educational qualification of parents enhance the reduction of the spread of communicable diseases among students in schools?

3.            What efforts have the teachers of various secondary schools put towards the manner of communicable diseases?

4.            Do communicable diseases spread rapidly in dirty environment?

5.            Does poverty of [parents and lack of essential resources in the community enhance the spread of communicable diseases in the environment?

1.5         SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The finding of this research will be beneficial to students, school administrators, parents, health institutions, other concerned individuals and institutions.

It will help to educate students against the problems of communicable diseases and will equally render possible solutions.

It will help the Ministry of Education plan for seminars and in-service training on communicable diseases to enhance the effectiveness of various academic institutions.

1.6         SCOPE OF STUDY

This study is restricted to causes, effects and control of communicable diseases in secondary schools. The investigation is restricted to the following schools in Oredo Local Government Area of Edo State.

1.            Jubilee Academy Schools

2.            God Grace Academy

3.            Hope and Life Group of Schools

4.            King Solomon Group of Schools

5.            Imafidon Group of Schools

1.7         DEFINITION OF TERMS

1.            Air Borne Diseases: These are diseases one can get through breathing in, contaminated air of which virus or bacteria cause the particular disease.

2.            Communicable diseases: Communicable diseases are diseases that can be transferred from one person to the other.

3.            Diseases: A disease is a departure from normal health.

4.            Endemic: This is a disease which is always present in a particular community e.g. malaria.

5.            water borne diseases: These are diseases that can be gotten through water that is contaminated

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The effect of advertisement on the demand of consumers goods:

A case study of seven up bottling company

 

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ABSTRACT

This research work was designed to assess the effects of advertisement on the demand for consumer goods. Chapter one of this work was devoted to the introduction of this work. It gives a short background of advertisement, the statement of the problems, and significance of the study and limitation of the study. Chapter two and three has to ode with the literature review and the methodology employed for the study. Chapter four deals with analysis, summaries of data collected while chapter five reveals the findings of  the research and make appropriate recommendation. The data were collected by means of questionnaire titled. The Effect of Advertisement on the demand for consumer Goods. A case study seven-up bottling company. The study consisted of 45 respondents who were randomly selected. The analysis of the data collected reveals that people like advertised goods because it informs them about the quality and existence of such goods in the market. The study also reveals that how a product is accepted or demanded for depends quickly and completely on advertisement.

 

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE   

Introduction

Background of the study

Statement of the problems

Purpose of the study

Significance of the study

Research questions

Scope of the study

Limitation of the study

CHAPTER TWO   

Literature review

Consumer information

Information processing

Communication processing

Consumer perception and advertising

Advertising and believability

Patronage and brand-switching

CHAPTER THREE

Methodology

Research design

Population of the study

Sample of the study

Instrumentation

Validation of instrument

Method of data collection

Method of data analysis

CHAPTER FOUR           

Discussion of results

Data analysis

Use of relevant table to present and analyze the data

A discussion of the results derived from the data

CHAPTER FIVE   

Summary and conclusions

Recommendation

BIBLIOGRAPHY  

APPENDIX/ QUESTIONNAIRE

 

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Advertisement is the collective term for public announcement designed to promote the scales of specific commodities or services that are meant to educate, inform and persuade the entire public by means of difference methods such as Radio, Television, Newspaper, Journal and Magazines etc.

Sometime, we often get infuriated when listening or watching a programme and all of a sudden an advertisement is intro0duce into it, (programme) telling us about business in which individual advertise their products in an attempt to make for awareness and persuade consumers to buy them. Various mineral drinks advertisement is mostly carried out in advertising media.  Notably, among which are radio, television, magazines, bill-boards, newspapers etc. the advertisement tries to persuade and convince their target audience of the differential benefit derivable from consumption of the brand of seven-up.

Advertisement went their perspective consumers to be convinced by impressing upon them that their own brand of seven-up drink is the best in town in terms of its quality contents and satisfaction. Some slogans is been written on calendars given to customer by their producers. Such slogan is intended to assure the perspective hungers and consumers of the benefits of satisfaction derivable. This enable the consumer buys expectation of the product and not the product itself. Furthermore, a theory holds that a consumer satisfaction is a function of the consumer product expectation and product performance. This is say that if the products match expectations, the consumer is highly satisfied if it falls short, the consumer is dissatisfied.

In essence therefore, producers generally make or produce satisfaction and not the physical product alone.        Against this background, we can presume that seven-up consumers buy the product hoping it will satisfy the desired intention consumer buy whatever other satisfaction derived from its consumption or usage and not the physical product.

 

 

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMS

Inspite of criticism and accusation leveled against adverting industry. In recent times, for instance, the investment in adverting in Nigeria has become so much that people started questioning the rationale behind such huge investments. For example “Tom Omo Tage” among other things said the public hear for instance, of some “goods” half a million naira going an advertising on ordinary chocolate beverage every single year or young great advertising limited is already making over seven million naira (N 7,000.00) annually.

 

 

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

This study is aimed at critically examining the worth of such efforts in terms of consumer attitude. To these effects, the study will focus on

i)        Examining whether advertising of seven-up account for brand-switching

ii)      Examining other factors responsible for negative or positive perception of advertising by consumers.

iii)    Investigating the extent to which advertising determines the patronage of seven-up by consumer

 

 

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

It is hoped that this study will be useful in selecting appropriate media for their target market. It is aqlso0 hoped that5 it will help the producers to tailor their advertisement claims as well as product to reflect the attributes most valued by consumers.

This increasing patronage and the frequency in brand switching among customers.

 

 

THE RESEARCH QUESTIONS

1)   How do other factors apart from advertising influence consumer patronage of seven-up?

2)   How does advertisement determine consumer patronage of seven-up?

3)   Does brand switching actually results from advertisement?

4)   To what degree if any, does consumer believe in advertising claims in respect of seven-up?

 

 

SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The study will be confined to advertising of seven-up products the effect on consumer’s perception. The researcher also explored the assumption of advertising related to patronage and brand-switching amongst consumers.

 

 

DEFINITION OF TERMS

ADVERTISING: To make goods and services known to the public through the information media.

DEMANDS: The acquisition of goods and services by payment of money or its equivalent consumer goods

PATRONAGE: This is the habitual purchase by a consumer of a specific product brand.

CONSUMER: Those who make use of goods and services

BRAND-NAME: The name used to identify a specific product type e.g.  Seven-up bottling company

ADVERTISING CHAINS:  They are attributes or specific to their advertised product or what advertisement say consumer will benefit from the product

 

 

 

 

 

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CONSUMPTION BEHAVIOR OF NIGERIANS TOWARDS HOME MADE GOODS

(A CASE STUDY OF BENIN CITY IN EDO STATE).

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 ABSTRACT

This research takes a look at the consumption behaviour of Nigerians towards home made goods. The reasons for Nigerians preference of foreign good to home made ones. Comparison between home and foreign made goods. And analysis of consumption behaviour towards home made goods.

An attempt is also made at suggestions for re-orientating the consumption behaviour of Nigerians in favour of homemade goods.

TABLE OF CONTENT

Chapter One

1.1       Introduction

1.2       Background of study

1.3       Statement of problem

1.4       Significance of the study

1.5       Purpose of the study

1.6       Scope of the study

1.7       Research question

1.8       Definition of terms

Chapter Two

2.1       Literature review

2.2       Craft equivalent chart

2.3       Quality of made in Nigeria goods

2.4       Pricing and packaging of made in Nigeria goods

2.5       Goods/services and consumer report

Chapter Three

Methodology

3.1       Research design

3.2       Sample for the study

3.3       Research instrument

3.4       Population size

3.5       The sample size

3.6       Validity and reliability of instrument

3.7       Administration of questionnaire

3.8       Method of data analysis

Chapter Four

Data analysis

4.1       Analysis of result from producer

4.2       Analysis of consumer reaction

4.3       Home made goods compared with foreign goods

Chapter Five

Findings and recommendations

5.1       Findings

5.2       Conclusion

5.3       Recommendations

References

Questionnaire

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

Nigeria behaviour towards home made goods have always been on the negative directions since the introduction of foreign goods, the reason behind this their act cannot be fat fetched, notably among them are poor quality of our home made goods. And the act of commanding respect and prestige through ostentation goods.

In this research some home made goods will be examined and compared with some imported goods, various authors opinions about this subject matter will be reviewed in the second chapter of this book under the heading literature review. The main aim of this research is to find out the consumption behaviour of Nigerian towards home made goods as compared to foreign goods. If their behaviour is negative correcting measures will be applied so as to change the impression to positive direction.

The major home made goods examined in this project include the following batteries, textiles materials, shoes, rice, tyres, leather bags, sewing threads motors, radio, candle, and hot drink. Comparisons will be made between home made goods and foreign goods in respect to quality price and life span.

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Production of home made goods has ever been in existence even before the white tribe been from Europe colonized us, our fathers lived a life of their own only it has not improved extensively as a result of lack of adequate capital, technical know how and the use of crude implement.

Unsightly in Nigeria a great number of local manufacturers have spring up and their product are what make up the home made goods. The tremendous increase in the number of local manufacturers in Nigeria is due to development increase in population and changes in demand by individual consumers. But due to the existence of imported counterparts of such manufacturers goods local manufacturing industry are always off and on in their production process. Today one will spring up only to fold up tomorrow as a result of foreign competition thus, notably among them are the lacer petty manufacturers which are usually common folder.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

Nigerian behaviour towards home made goods have always been on the negative direction. This is due to the low quality of home made goods. The main aim of this research is to find out the consumption behaviour of Nigerians towards home made goods as compared to foreign goods. If there behaviour is negative corrective measures will be applied so as to change the impression to positive direction. Hence this study intend to provide answers to the questions.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This research problem warrants investigation because Nigerian prefer foreign made than home made goods. If this continue it will lead to a great problem to the producer also the consumers and to Nigeria as a country which will lead to dependent in other countries. Hence a research study of this kind would come out with some useful result that will help to correct some local producers/manufacturers mistakes as well enlighten the masses on the way in which the problem would be reduced.

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

The objective of this research work include the following:

a.           Knowing the reasons for negative consumption behaviour of Nigerians towards home made goods.

b.           Knowing the consumption behaviour of home made goods.

c.           Ways of reinforcing positive consumption behaviour of Nigerian towards home made goods.

d.           Findings correcting measure to negative consumption behaviour of Nigerians towards home made goods (consumers).

RESEARCH QUESTION

Based on investigation in identifying the reason for negative consumption towards home made goods, the research questions were asked;

1.           Why do you prefer home made goods?

2.           IN the absent of foreign goods what will you do?

3.           If you prefer foreign made why?

4.           Which would you prefer? Home made or foreign made.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Terms that are commonly used throughout this research work are defined to give a clearer understanding of the project and terms include.

BEHAVIOUR: According to the penguin English dictionary behaviour means manners, bearing, departments, conduct, towards or treatment of others, responses made in any particular situation.

Behaviour according to economics dictionary means way in which individual economic units consumers, firms, suppliers of factors of production behaved and most especially about their motive and way they respond to differences between expected and actual outcomes.

CONSUMPTION: According to the penguin English dictionary means act consuming, quantity consumers used of goods, amount of goods used.

Consumption in economics this term means the actual physical process of using goods or services e.g. one consumes the services of a house by living in it one consumes the services of a pair of shoe by wearing them.

HOME MADE GOODS: these are goods produced in ones country. In view of this research goods made in Nigeria are referred to as home made goods.

FOREIGN MADE GOODS: These are goods made in another country apart from Nigeria. Thus as regards this project work, all goods made outside Nigeria will be term foreign made goods.

COMPARISON: according to concise oxford dictionary comparison is the act of comparing that is liking one thing to another, estimating similarity or dis-similarity of one quantity or commodity to another.

 

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A SURVEY OF THE CAUSES OF INDISCIPLINE AMONG STUDENTS IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS

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ABSTRACT

This project work seeks to find out the causes of indiscipline among students in public secondary school. A case study of Egor Local Government Area in Edo State. During the survey, data were collected through the use of the questionnaire in four selected public secondary schools.

This research examined important aspects of indiscipline, both in the light of psychological knowledge and of the overall task of the society, school, its administrators, and its teaching staff and parents. The imperative of indiscipline, its causes, types and solutions are discussed in the project. Pedagogical, social and psychological techniques are proffered. Importantly, we concluded that all the agent and agencies of education need to put hands on deck in order to prevent and curb this social menace called indiscipline in our public secondary school.

TABLE CONTENT

Chapter One

1.1         Background of study

1.2         Statement of problem

1.3         Objective of study

1.4         Research questions

1.5         Significance of the study

1.6         Scope and limitation of study

1.7         Definition of terms

Chapter Two

Literature Review

2.1         Meaning of indiscipline

2.2         Types of indiscipline

2.3         Problems of indiscipline

2.4         Possible solution to indiscipline

Chapter Three

Methodology

3.1         Population of the study

3.2         Sample and sampling procedure

3.3         Research instrument

3.4         Validity and technology of the instrument

3.5         Method of data analysis

Chapter Four

4.1         Presentation of data

4.2         Analysis of data

Chapter Five

Summary of findings

Conclusion

Recommendations

REFERENCE

QUESTIONNAIRE

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1         BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

For obvious reasons, we might be tempted to undermine the theme of this paper. Reasons are not far fetched; the topic most academic will say is trite and is of commonplace discourse in the nook and cranes of the country and the world at large. However, we make bold to state here that these are mere assumptions. The topic demands our serious consideration and resolution because of its visible impediment to national growth and development. Beside, it is a topic of all times. That is its currencies are without doubt apparent.

This being so, a clear understanding of the topic begin with an espies on the meaning of the key term indiscipline. Indiscipline, a derivative of the world, discipline, according to the chambers Twentieth century dictionary is a mode of life in accordance with rules, subjection to control.

The oxford advanced learners dictionary defines it as lack of control in the behaviour of a group of people. Tuluhi and Bello (1980) assert that indiscipline is the breaking of rules and regulation of institutions. According to Uwagie-Ero et al (2002) indiscipline is a state of disorder used by lack of training and control. To this end, indiscipline can simply be seen as mode of life NOT in conformity with rules and regulations capable of obstructing the smooth and orderly, functioning of the school system.

Adeyemo (1985) school rules and regulations in most cases do affect students more than any other thing because are made by the school authorities. In order to guide and protect the students while in school. The problem of indiscipline is more apparent among secondary school students; indiscipline among them has attracted serious attention of scholars and administrators. These scholars and administrators attribute indiscipline among public secondary school students to their state of development. They opine that when students notice certain biological changes signaling maturity in the course of their growth and development, they tend to misbehave by faulting schools rules and regulations (Mukharjee, 1985).

The causes of indiscipline are based on the acts of indiscipline among students in public secondary school range from deviation from simple norms and instructions of heinous crimes infact, the list is inexhaustible. Ozula, (1986) listed some act of indiscipline which include disobedience, absenteeism, violence, dishonesty, arson, idleness disorderliness, laziness, vandalization, quarrelling, fighting, rioting, wickedness, smuggling, jealousy, gossip, drunkenness, greed, selfishness, discriminations, corruptions, bribery, drug abuse, sex abuse, and raping other are lawlessness, kidnapping, murder, oppression, misappropriation of fund and management. Disobedience is the mother of indiscipline. According to the Holy Bible, from the book Genesis 1:26,3:6, 22-23 says that God created the world and made man above everything therein still man sinned-disobeyed God by eating the forbidding fruit the consequence of this indiscipline was great, god cursed man and drove him out of the garden.

1.2         STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

This study is geared towards the investigation of the survey of the causes of indiscipline among students in public secondary school and how to curb it. The following shall stand as the basis research question.

1.3         OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objective of this study is to:

i.             Find out societal influence on indiscipline

ii.            Find out whether home background cause students indiscipline

iii.           Investigate how poor school administration causes indiscipline.

iv.          Find out if the influence of peer group has in any way contributed to the level of students indiscipline in school.

v.            Find out the effect of the mass media on indiscipline

1.4         RESEARCH QUESTION

The following shall stand as the basis of the research questions/hypothesis

1.        What are the problems and solutions causes of indiscipline among public secondary school?

2.        How does societal morals contribute to indiscipline.

3.        Does home background contribute to indiscipline?

4.        How does poor school administration affects student’s in-disciplinary behaviour?

5.        Does peer group influence cause indiscipline?

1.5         SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The significance of this is to identify the causes and solutions of indiscipline among schools. These findings will go along way in exposing teachers and other school workers to the major causes of indiscipline in schools. And these will help the teachers in curbing in disciplinary  behaviour in schools. Again, as a result of this research work, principals see their shortcomings and evolve a more effective approach to teaching and school management.

Lastly, the findings of the study would help both parents, teachers and school administrators, government and society in general in knowing the various party they should play which could lead to indiscipline.

1.6         DEFINITIONS OF TERMS

Indiscipline: It means deviating from the accepted norms rules and regulation of the school society. It also means lack of self control and disorderly behaviour.

Discipline: with its relationship to this study, it is the adherence to rules and regulations governing the schools.

Drug abuse: The act of habitually given or taking of drugs (especially harsh drugs)

Sex abuse: Unapproved and indiscriminate sexual acts.

Vandalization: Willful destructions of school or other students property.

Riots: This takes the form of open confrontation and consequent revolt against school authorities for trivial reasons that are often over amplified by some militant students.

Trite: It is often used and so dull.

Heinous: Very wicked.

Oppression: ways to repression students.

Continue reading A SURVEY OF THE CAUSES OF INDISCIPLINE AMONG STUDENTS IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS →