CONTRACEPTION AND SEXUALITY AMONG STUDENTS OF COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

 

 

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ABSTRACT

This research work centers on the contraception and sexuality among undergraduates in College of Education Ekiadolor in Ovia North East Local Government Area. From the findings, most undergraduates are involved in sexuality. They have knowledge of sex education, some use contraception like condoms and they do not believe in total abstinence before marriage. Recommendations made included special programmes to improve parent’s awareness of undergraduate’s sexual behaviour and reproductive health needs. Parents also need to discuss sex related issued with their children/wards.

 

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE (INTRODUCTION)     

–              Background to the study

–              Statement of the problems

–              Purpose of the study

–              Significance of the study

–              Research questions

–              Scope of the study

–              Limitations of the study

–              Definition of terms

CHAPTER TWO (REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE)      

–              Introduction

–              Causes of sexuality

–              Parental, social and economic background

–              Societal norms and pressure on the young undergraduates

–              Peer group influences

–              Exposure to mass media/blue films, parties, social conformities etc.

–              Personal inclination

–              Problems with sexuality active individuals

–              Unwanted pregnancies

–              Drop out of school

–              Infections of sexually transmitted disease

–              Maladjustment in society

–              Disregard to school authorities

–              Measures taken to check these excesses

–              Role of parents

–              Sex education programmes

–              Roles of religious leaders

–              Self discipline

–              A brief summary

CHAPTER THREE    

(METHODOLOGY AND PROCEDURE OF STUDY)

–              Research design

–              Population of the study

–              Sample of study

–              Sampling techniques adopted

–              Instrumentation

–              Validation of instrument

–              Method of data collection

–              Method of data analysis

CHAPTER FOUR

–               Presentation of data and discussion of result

CHAPTER FIVE         

–              Summary, conclusion, recommendation

REFERENCES

APPENDIX        

The questionnaires 

 

 

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

1.1       INTRODUCTION

Sexuality and contraception among students to be a public health problem of immediate concern in developed and underdeveloped countries. While the knowledge of HIV/AIDS as an inevitable disease is high among Nigerians in general, HIV/AIDS transmission in reduction measures are inconsistently taken by sexually active individuals. The youths and adolescents are those that have high risk of being affected with STDS, if contraceptives are not used correctly or avoided, because the youths are vulnerable to indiscriminate sexual intercourse, with multiple sex partners.

Heterosexual transmission accounts for as high as 90% of HIV/AUIDS in Sub-Saharan African where about 14 million people were estimated to be infected with HIV. The federal ministry of Health and Human Services (FMH & HS 1992) in Nigeria suggested that about one million HIV infected people exist. This prevalence is increasing due to high risk of sexual behaviours. These STDS diseases are mostly common among individuals younger than 25 years world wide. Several educators have shown that young people lack knowledge about prevention and the use of contraception and often have little or no idea about reproduction. Pregnancy and sexually transmitted disease among students is very rampant among undergraduate. Most of these pregnancies are unplanned and unwanted.  They are often terminated illegally by quark doctors in the dark. About 600,000 clandestine abortions took place in Nigeria in the 1980s some of which had disasters consequences for the abortion seekers (African Journal of Reproductive Health, 2002). In most parts of Nigeria, sexual abstinence before marriage is expected from unmarried youths. However, studies show that premarital activity is high among adolescents. Parents, government and NGOS have expressed serious concerns about adolescents. Sexual activity based on the board information that adolescent who engaged in sexual activity whether orally or otherwise often fail to use contraceptives thus, exposing themselves to the risk of unwanted pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections and diseases.

The lower age limit for admission into most Nigeria higher institutions is 16-18 years. This means that majority of undergraduates are in their late teens and early twenties. Most of them live away from home, in school hostels and rented apartments close to their institutions. These arrangements weakens parental control and supervision of student’s activities. They are often exposed to influences from friends, which encourage casual sexual relationship and have to take personal important decisions about their social and reproductive lives. Unfortunately the use of contraceptives among Nigeria students is very low due to the fear of side effects and negative cultural attitudes of parents/guardians to contraceptive use.

Other factors responsible for sexuality among undergraduate are that sex education is not part of secondary school curriculum in Nigeria and there are not obvious policies in most Nigeria higher institutions on the provision of reproductive health services, including contraceptive to the students. This study is carried out to determine the sexuality and contraceptive practices among students as related to their awareness of HIV infection.

 

 

 

1.2        STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMS

Changes in the social environment coupled with exposure to western media, appear to have had profound influence on students sexuality in African. In a country like Nigeria whose students are judge to be among the most sexually active world wide the issue of sexuality and contraception can not be over elaborated. Blane and Laky (1998) opined that youths who are sexually active often fail to use contraceptive. In a study of adolescents in Edo State by Peterson and Fakeye (1978), it was found that 13.4% of male had made a partner pregnant and 69% of these pregnancies and been aborted. Gueye et al (2001) observed that previously in many African societies, sexual taboos, rites and cleansing procedures were transmitted in conjunction with formal rituals, such as circumcision or initiation. Nowadays, the influence of such traditional structure has weakened, thus, reducing the sources of social; support and resource for youths sexual health problems.

Furthermore, this study of sexuality and contraceptive will invariably touch upon some socially controversial issues like sexual promiscuity and homosexuality. According to Cameroon (1989) STDS such as Chlamdia, Gonorrhea, Syphillis, Cancroids, and Trichomoniasis increases the likelihood of HIV transmission. This research work is a survey of the sexuality and contraception among students of College of Education, Ekiadolor, Edo State.

 

 

1.3       PURPOSE OF STUDY

The purpose of this study is to investigate sexuality and the use of contractive among students. It will educated the students on the issues of sexuality and the use of contraceptive, to prevent the spread of sexually transmitted diseases among students and to enlighten young undergraduates and the public in general on the importance and uses  of contraceptive. It will also determine to some extent the usage of contraceptive among students.

 

 

1.4       SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study seeks to identify the roles of parents in the sexual and contraceptive behaviour of their children and to weaken the interest of parents in giving their children sex education at home. It will in no doubt, promote further research for predicting contraceptive behaviour which will assist in the development and implementation of effective, preventive and intervention programmes especially issues concerning sexually transmitted disease.  This will go along way to make profound or useful contribution to medical issues like family planning, rate of contractions of STD’s STI and effectiveness of contraceptives and it will also be useful to sexuality experts involved in the development and promotion of safer sex pregnancies. It will also help to identify students who either use or misuse contraceptive method, thereby putting them at risk of unwanted pregnancy, AIDS and other sexually transmitted disease. It will also be of importance in educating the undergraduate on the choice of contraceptive methods. Conclusively, it is envisaged that this study will contribute meaningfully to the ongoing debate on the strategies for educating students on sexuality and contraception.

 

 

1.5       RESEARCH QUESTIONS

Based on the assumptions, the following research questions have been formulated.

1.           Can the knowledge of sex education reduce promiscuity among undergraduates?

2.           Is there any relationship between the knowledge of sex education and the usage of contraceptives?

3.           Does peer group play significant role in undergraduate sexuality?

4.           Does the knowledge/usage of contraceptives increase sexuality among the undergraduates?

 

 

1.6       SCOPE OF STUDY

The study shall focus on sexuality and contraception among students. In this case, this study will review the plight of sexuality and the use of contraception among students of College of Education, Ekiadolor, Edo State. The school is located at5 Ekiadolor Community which is in Ovia North East Local Government Area of Edo State. Due to the pattern of life style of the students all over the country, the result of this study can serve as a guide to what the situation could be in other parts of the country.

 

 

1.7        DEFINITION OF TERMS

Sexuality: The things people do and feel that are connected with their desire or ability to have sex.

Contraception: The practice of making it possible for a woman to have sex without having baby or the methods for doing this, birth control.

Contraceptive: A drug, object or method used to make it possible for a woman to have sex without having a baby or contracting an STD.

Heterosexual: Sexually attracted to people of the opposite sex.

Promiscuity: having sex with a lot of people indiscriminately.

Undergraduate: A student who is doing a University course for a first degree

Sex Education: Education given to students about the physical process and emotions involved in sex.

Pregnancy: The condition of being pregnant

Sex: The activity in which a male and female join their sexual organs in order to create babies or for pleasure.

STD: Sexually transmitted disease

STI: Sexually immunodeficiency virus

HIV: Human Immunodeficiency virus

AIDS: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome

 

CONTRACEPTION AND SEXUALITY AMONG STUDENTS OF COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

 

 

 

 

 

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THE CAUSES OF DEVIANT AND DELINQUENT BEHAVIOR AMONG STUDENTS IN EMOTAN GIRLS GRAMMAR SCHOOL

IN OREDO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF EDO STATE

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 ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to find out, examine and investigate some of the deviant behaviour common among students of Emotan Girls Grammar School in Oredo Local Government Area of Edo State and how they can be eradicated or minimized. The information contained in this project work is the result of my personal observation, oral interview and with administered questionnaires to personnel, mostly teachers, parents and students of the school. The result of my findings shows that the commonest deviant behviour are assault and insult of both teachers and parents, uses of charm, dishonesty, disobedience, drug offences, gambling, fighting, stealing, truancy, mass demonstration, sex offence, wickedness and indiscipline. This is as a result of influences, poor school physical condition, poor environment, bad peer groups,. Lack of poor school materials such as textbooks and seats, trace was also made to children from broken homes, poor family background and children keeping bad companies with peer groups. If each of these problems a solution has been suggested if these suggestions are applied by parents, guidance and teachers and the problems of deviant will be reduced drastically in the country and in Emotan Girls Grammar School.    

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE         

Introduction

Background of the study

Research question

Purpose of study

Significance of the study

Scope of study

Limitation of the study

Definition of terms

CHAPTER TWO        

Literature review

CHAPTER THREE

Methodology

Population of the study

Sampling techniques

Research instrument

Validity of instrument

Procedure for data collection

Method of data analysis

CHAPTER FOUR

Analysis of data

CHAPTER FIVE

Summary, conclusion and recommendation

Suggestion for further research

REFERENCE    

QUESTIONNAIRE     

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Deviant behaviour can be defined as not keeping to the rules or norms of the society, or the schools norms. According to Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary six editions define deviant behaviour as differently from others usually of expected and according to chambers dictionary in twentieth century. Deviant behaviour is to deviate from the norms of a particular people in the society or community. That is turning aside or away  from set shown rules of political system or principle of a social, such behaviour could be seen as crime, drunkenness, indiscipline in school, home prostitution, cultism, gambling, other. It has been observed that quite number of students in higher institution of learning are deviant behaviour they become deviant when they engage in activities which are neither under the control of the school system in the society. In Nigeria society today is developing hence it required an education system that will enable the youth to understand the society and cultural heritage. This will help in the preservation of the society and the culture and will also help in preparing of citizens for a changing attitude, knowledge, skills manpower, and experience in the societies. The education of the youths is very essential in order to ensure the confidence of the citizens to the social and economic development of the country as well as raining the standard of living generally.

Nigerian education system must stimulate the spirit of patriotism and lay the solid function of national and international understanding and cooperation in our children. Through education service those manifestation can be eradicated of deviant behaviour in schools, of which a lot of bad behaviour are such smoking drunkenness, stealing, abortion, murder, gambling, prostitution etc. the eradication of which can be done by attempting to restructure the in term and organization of the school, peer group, religious institutions and all other primary organizations in the society. The family as an agent of socialization could have significant impact on the child. This is evident from the fact that it is the first place where the child learn about leadership and what it takes, here basis skills and behaviour pattern have to behave in the home are taught by the parents.

The school as agent of socialization and training institution for out future learners and manpower needed in our society is also faced with an acute problem which also affect the society as large. This problem is that of deviant behaviour which a form of indiscipline is.

The problem of deviant society manifest itself in the Nigeria society and most of our school product for example lack of total commitment and dedication of their work, lateness to work, absenteeism, neglect of duty and parent who feels less concern about their children by going late when the children are already asleep etc. all these have a way of retarding progress of work and also limit our effectiveness and efficiency.

The school a guise organization should be able to deliver real services, which is geared to the betterment of the government and the society, such as the ability to teach morals, punctuality, regularity, honesty, dedication to work and loyalty to work. This means that the schools should be able to produce disciplined pupils whom will later become good citizens who are free from any deviant act or behaviour be it drug addiction, gambling, truancy in school, abortion, smoking, sexual immorality, failure to serve punishment, murder, prostitution, bribery and corruption etc.

Deviant behaviour is an act of indiscipline or behaviour disorder which served as a major is of great source of some social vices in Nigeria society, which is of great concern to the parents, government and teachers. Source of these social vices are increased rate of dropout in school drug abuse among youths, gambling, stealing, pick pocket and they also constitute nuisance of the society.

There is an adage which says that idle mind is the devils workshop. This denotes since deviant behaviour has made student to involve in bad habit they move about not staying in school to learn and they move about the streets and alleges without sense of direction, they are likely to meet with bad friends who are corrupt and learn all form of bad act from there they are likely to be tempted to engage in deviant behaviour’ such as stealing drunkenness, committing abortion, absenteeism from school and others.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The study is concern with the investigation of the cause of deviant behaviour among some selected secondary students and how it affects the academic performance of the child in Emotan Girls Grammar School. The   influence of student background on deviant behaviour in schools as well as examine the possible influence of the school environment teachers, parent, society, peer group ups behaviour in promoting deviant behaviour among student. To arrest or minimize the ugly situation and answer to the following questions would be sought out.

i         Could the effect of deviant behaviour contribute to the performance of the child.

ii.       To what extent has deviant behaviour contribute to the academic performance of the child?

iii. Could deviant behaviour attribute to parent inability to meet the student school need?

iv. Could deviant behaviour cause students dropout from school

THE PURPOSE OF STUDY  

This study is concern to sets out and achieves the following.

i.             To investigate whether parents in some ways, either knowing or unknowingly contribute to the deviant behaviour of students in secondary school.

ii.            To determine whether the  nature of the school  administration has influence whether the socio-economic factors in Oredo Local Government Area of Edo State have any influence on deviant behaviour among secondary school students.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY   

This study will reveal that the incidence of deviant behaviour among some selected students of Emotan Girls Grammar School in Oredo Local Government Area of Edo State is high.  The suggestion to be made in this study will go a long way to minimize the problem. Basically, this study is necessary and it is important to the development of children, mostly in this our present complex society. To provide an insight to child needs and how best these could be met.

RESEARCH QUESTIONS

1.            Why is deviant behaviour common among secondary school students?

2.            What are the effect of deviant on the academic performance in secondary school, what role can the parents school society and the environment in which they live where play to control deviant behaviour in secondary school.

3.            What are the possible solutions that could be adopted to eradicate deviant behaviour in secondary schools?

4.            Do broken homes contribute to deviant behaviour?

5.            What is the attitude of parents towards deviant behaviour?

SCOPE OF THE STUDY 

This study is expected to cover only students of Emotan Girls Grammar School Oredo Local Government Area of Edo State. The investigation is limited to the phenomenon of deviant and delinquent behaviour among the students in the selected schools;

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Peer group: people who are similar in development level such as age, education and other qualifications.

School administration: It is a formalized system which, plan, coordinate, organize, staff, reporting and evaluating of all matters of the entire school affairs.

Truancy: Act or habit of staying away from school without permission.

 

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Effect of broken homes on academic performance of secondary school students in Nigeria

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ABSTRACT

The study examined the effects of broken home on academic performances of secondary student schools in Nigeria. Descriptive survey research design was adopted with the sample consisting of 200 students and teachers drawn from ten randomly selected secondary schools in Esan West Local Government Area, Edo State, Nigeria. One validated instrument (Effect of Broken Homes on Academic Performance of Secondary School Questionnaire (EBASSQ) was used for data collection and the data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistic. three null hypotheses were answered. The results showed that there were no significant effects on secondary school students in term of broken home. There were no significant differences in the academic performances of secondary school students from broken homes and unbroken homes. There is no significant effect on the academic performance of secondary school students in term of socialization of the home. It is recommended that school counsellors should be employed in all schools where they should provide necessary assistance to students especially those that are from single-parent families or broken homes to enable them overcome their emotional concerns. Implications of the findings for the parents and the school counsellors were highlighted.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER ONE:         INTRODUCTION

Background to the study ……… … ………………..………………..1

Statement of the problem ……….………………..……..………………10

Purpose of the study …………. ………… ………… ..…………………11

Research question …………. …………. ………………………………12

Hypothesis …………… ……………. …………. …………………………13

Significant of the study ………… ………. …….. ………………………..13

Scope of the study ……………. ………… ………….. …………………..14

CHAPTER TWO

Literature Review …..……………….. ……….. ………….. ……………16

CHAPTER THREEResearch methodology ………….. .………………….34

Research design ………….. ……….. ……… …….. …………………….34

Population of the study ……………. …………….. ………………………35

Sample and sampling technique ……….. ………. ………………………..36

Instrument for data collection ………… ………….. ………………………36

Validation and reliability of the instrument………. …………………………37

CHAPTER FOUR

Data presentation and analysis ……….……. ……………. ……….. …….39

Analysis of questionnaire respond by sex …………………………………40

CHAPTER FIVESummary Conclusion and Recommendation ………………………. …….54

Conclusion …………. ……………. ……………….. ……………… ……56

Recommendation …………… …………. ………….. ……………… ……57

Recommendation for further research ………… ……………………. ……58

References …………………………………………………………………60

Questionnaire ………………………………………………………………62

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

The home is the primary institution for children, home as perceived by Abdulganiyu (1997), Christe (2009), defined home as a place in which an individual or a family can rest and store personal property. Haven’t define the concept of home it is therefore important to define family. The family can therefore, be looked at as a social group characterized by common resident, economic, cooperation and production. When a child is born, the family is the first primary group with which they come into contact. Transmission of social values of right and wrong, what is morally and religiously accepted or condemned by the family, it follows therefore that by the time a child attained five to seven years of age he must have learnt what are his rights, obligations and roles within the society.

However, the background of a student goes along way to determine his/her individuality. As the child enters schools, he/she will start manifesting different attitudes and expectations. In addition they may be of the same age group, developed at different rates and so may be able to cope with the intellectual and social task of the school in varying extent. However, a home can either be stable or broken.

A stable home is one in which both parent (mother and father) lives together with their children, while a broken home is the one in which one or both of the parents are not living together with the children. It is the level at which the home operates that determine the academic achievement of a students in school. Broken homes been it unstable can influence the achievement of a students academically. Also, children that have suffered from neglect or lack of love (in broken homes) are known to be psychologically imbalanced to face the realities of life. When there is disunity in the family, or a difference between a mother and a father, the child is caught in the middle and will be at disadvantage. According to Blackby (2000), adequate research needs to be conducted in this direction to ensure smooth transition of children from early stages to adulthood.

Background of the Study.

Many authors have defined the home and deal fully and give various definitions to it. According to Homeby (2004), broke home is a home in which the parents are separated or divorced or are no more together as a result of death. In the same way Udry (2004), define a broken home means a house in which the parental are no more living together. Other researcher studies been carried out on broken homes seem to agree that broken home are associated increase aggressive and juvenile delinquency in children. From such home (broken home) children from this lack proper care and security. In assessing the definition such as a situation (broken home can result to poor academic achievement in student as once the child misses such opportunity of guide, securities affection and assistant where necessary).

Home and the Childs’ family provide the best and first education since the child serve as teachers. The parent laid the foundation for the desired social, moral, emotional spiritual and intellectual well being of the child. The training a child received from home is of imperative in his/her total personality formation and the academic performance as a student in secondary school. It can also be observed that the pattern of life in the home (stable or broken), the economic and social status of the family in the community and many other conditions that give the performance of student in the school,

Abdulganiyu (2002), started that research have shown that children differs in various ways as a result of variable of their home background such as socio-economic status, parental attitude to school and child rearing practices. These home background variables are also found to be positive related to children’s academic performance.

Also Giwa (1997), have also investigated the various factors within the students home background or family that affect their academic performance in school, variable such as socio-economic status, family size, birth order, parental attitude child rearing practices parental absence or presence have been found to affect social and intellectual learning experience of children in school.

This is so, because children are born with some psychological, emotional and intellectual needs such as need for love and security, the need for new experience, the need for praise and recognition and need for responsibility. Many of these needs are not offered to the children of broken home which influence their performance in school. The extent to which these needs are met during the formative years of children between birth and the age of six or seven in the extent to which they enter school well equipped or ready to deal with the social and emotional aspects of schooling. Based on the observation above and in line with the assumption that economic and social future of many children in most localities is being undermined by cultural practices that promotes widespread divorce amongst couples and brought unnecessary hardship to the growing children.

It is pertinent at this juncture to point out in spite of all the needs expressed as to be met by the students most especially secondary school students, this research also has intended to seek for how much secondary school student is affected in academic achievement, either as a result of his home been stable or broken.

Statement of the Problem

In our society, children are sometimes exposed at an early age to all sort of dangers arising from malnutrition, diseases and various temptation of surviving due to absence of one or both of their parents. Student’s life in broken homes is observed to be associated with emotional stress that can impair intellectual development, thereby giving way for such children to grow up without being trained properly. However, absence of one or both parents deprives young children of the stable love, care, security and total support they have been accustomed to and tend to make children different in the eyes of the peer group. If children are asked where the missing parent is or why they have a new parent to replace the missing parents, they become embarrassed and ashamed. They may also feel guilty and unwanted by the society, such stressful situation leads to psychological, emotional and intellectual imbalance in growing children. These subsequently result to quitting from school or poor academic achievement of secondary schools student as education require critical thinking, relax mind and proper family support to be able to perform to expectation in the school. Hence it becomes necessary to investigate factors that cause broken homes with a view to finding solution to the problems for psychological well being of growing children in our society, and these lead us to look at the effect of broken homes on the academic performance secondary schools students in Nigeria.

Research Questions

The following research questions are formulated to guide this study.1. Does the home have any significant effect on secondary school student in Nigeria?2. Does broken home have any significant effect on the academic performances of secondary school students in Nigeria?

3. Does the socialization of the home have any significant effect on the academic performances of secondary school students in Nigeria?

4 Is there any significant different in the academic performance of secondary school student from broken homes and these from unbroken home?

Research Hypothesis

1. There is no any significant effect on secondary school students in term of broken homes.2. There is no any significant difference in the academic performances of secondary school students from broken homes and from unbroken homes.3. There is no any significant effect on the academic performances of secondary school students in term of socialization of the home.

Objective of the Study

The main objective of this research work includes the following.To assess the impact or effect of broken homes influence on secondary schools students in Nigeria.

To find out the causes of broken homes and the solution in Nigeria.

To seek for solution for widespread divorce among couples.

To find out how absence of one or both parent influence secondary schools students academic performances in school.

To suggest ways of women and men unnecessary divorce

Significance of the Study

The purpose of this study is to find out causes of broken home on academic performance of secondary schools students in Nigeria.  This is with a view to suggest ways of minimizing and overcoming the problem. Home play very significant role in child personality formation and socialization, broken homes are identified as one of the factor that undermined the socialization process at home, which consequently affect the performance of student. If the concern of education, secondary schools in particular is to look after socialization process of the child as well as his intellectual development, then this research work would be of great importance to parents and educators, teacher and society at large that absence of one or both of the parent affect children educational career.

Lastly, it will be of benefit to future researchers as the finding will serve as a source of literature review.

Scope and Limitation of the Study

Though, the questions which prompted this study were found to be in existence in different part of the country, most especially in the northern part of the country, it is not possible for this research to cover all such areas. This is because the research/ researchers cannot obtain data from all places concerned due to lack of time and resources (both human and material resources). As the title of the research reads, the research will be limited to only Esan West Local Government Area of Edo state and it should be noted that the work may not represent some areas in the local government and not all people during the course of the research exercise will cooperate, hence the research is bound to experience limitation.

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A CASE STUDY OF FRSC COOPERATIVE SCHEME PARTICULARLY TOLL-GATE UNIT COMMAND RS 5.12 BENIN CITY

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ABSTRACT

The aim of this project work is to provide general introduction to the affinity between co-operative societies and business enterprises. Primarily, it is planned to inculcate the idea and knowledge of cooperative societies to the citizenry especially in developing nations like Nigeria. This will help those with little knowledge about the subject matter to be more matured and as well, those who do not have previous knowledge of cooperative societies but are interested in finding out what the subject is all about.

 

In this study, facts have been carefully collected and relevant information from all concerned people in the cooperative and adequate considerations have been given to all facts collected by presenting them in meaningful ways.

 

In conclusion, this project will serve as incentive to all and sundry who read it. It will enable them know more about contribution of cooperative societies in business within their localities and the country at large. And as well, it will be of great important to the management of cooperative societies.

 

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER ONE     

1.0      Introduction

1.1  Background of research problem

1.2  Statement of research problem

1.3  Objective of the study

1.4  Significance of the study

1.5  Statement of research hypothesis

1.6  Definitions of key terms

CHAPTER TWO    

2.0  Introduction

2.1      Meaning and scope of cooperative society

2.2      History of cooperative society in Nigeria

2.3      Classification of cooperative society

2.4      Structure of cooperative society

2.5      Registration of cooperative society

2.6      Sources of capital in a cooperative society

2.7      Management of cooperative society

2.8      Advantage of cooperative society

2.9      Historical background of case study

2.10  Meaning and scope of business

2.11  Why business came into existence

2.12  Purpose of business

2.13  Types of business organisation

2.14  Functions of management in business

CHAPTER THREE

3.0  Introduction

3.1      Research design

3.2      Population

3.3      Sample

3.4      Data

3.5      Method of data collection

3.6      Method of data presentation

3.7      Tools for data analysis

CHAPTER FOUR   

4.0  Introduction

4.1      Tabular presentation of data acquired

4.2      Test of hypothesis I

4.3      Test of hypothesis II

4.4      Test of hypothesis III

CHAPTER FIVE    

5.0  Summary

5.1  Conclusion

5.2  Recommendations

BIOGRAPHY

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

1.0      INTRODUCTION

1.1   BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The advent of cooperative societies in all parts of the economy has created unmeasured effects on the lives  and activities of rural and urban dwellers alike. By way of understanding, a cooperative society may be seen as an association of the individuals of limited means who voluntarily join together to achieve a common economic end through the formation of a democratically controlled business organisation, making equitable contributions to the capital required and accepting a fair share of this risk and benefits of undertaking by which members activity participate.

 

Cooperative society is further regarded as a form of organisation wherein persons voluntary associate as human beings on the basis of equality for the promotion of economic interest of themselves. Business activities, interwoven with business operations accord the business owners the opportunity to build up capital to finance their business via gradual and regular savings of money.

 

Cooperative societies also come to existence that the business owners achieve the right results from their various imputes. A business is seen as an organisation formed to produce and supply goods or services to satisfy the needs of people in order to gain profit. Here cooperative societies provide ready markets for such products. By so doing, such business owners are encouraged to produce good quality products and those enhance increase in the national gross domestic product and income.

 

Worthy of note is the fact that business activities in various communities, societies and urban areas are the pivot of cooperative societies because its role or major objective is to see that business organisation record huge success on regular basis.

The question that does come to mind based on the above assertion is, “do cooperative societies make any contribution to business in any given settlement.

1.2      STATEMENT OF RESEARCH PROBLEM

The core or fundamental objective or basis of any existing business organisation among many others is: profit making, provision of public services, promotion of a special course and provision of aid to others.

It is the efforts of nursing these business objectives that cooperative societies came to existence every research work must have this backdrop, Gupt {1973:22} asserted that failure to work out a statement of purpose clearly and carefully can lead only to misunderstanding and confusion. It will result in diffusion of effort, gradual over-expansion of field covered and aimlessness.

Despite the laudable efforts and programs of cooperative societies in the interest of business operation in communities and nation at large, the following statement post out for analysis.

1.           Do business organisation have cognizance of the cooperative society?

2.           Are the objectives, programmes and business strategies of cooperative societies accepted by the business organisation?

3.           How positive cooperative societies contribute to business?

 

 

 

1.3      OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The core objective of this research work is summarized in the title of the work “the contribution of cooperative society/scheme in business”. Therefore, to make it crystal clear, the following findings objective will provide anchor to the objectives of the research work.

i.             Finding out if cooperative society/scheme really have interwoven co-existence with business in any society.

ii.           Finding out the degree to which cooperative societies are recognized and accepted by business owners.

iii.         Finding out the level of contributions cooperative societies and business organisation.

1.4       Significance of the study

This research work will be of considerable usefulness for those within the academic circle, government establishment or agencies, business sector and various policy makers. It will be measurable use for information education and policy making purpose. The suggestions in the directions and ways in which improvement can be made will also be of significance in problem solving and decision-making.

Again, this research study is carried out with the hope that its outcome will stimulate academic discussions and useful research to the business and cooperative.

Though this research may not be comprehensive analysis of cooperative society. Business relationship in the economy, it will no doubt make some revelations that would be useful to both potential and practicing cooperative society members and business owners.

 

 

 

1.5      STATEMENT OF RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS

Base on the nature of the problems aforementioned, hypothesis testing, as a measure will assist immensely in carrying out the research to a logical conclusion because of the statistical testability of the problems formulated.

“Hypothesis is an assumption or statement which may or may not be true concerning the population”. Walpole {1974”191}. Hence, the hypothesis of this research is considered as tentative statement, which would be considered positive or negative at the end of the research presentation.

i.             F0: Business organizations operate ignorant of the existence of cooperative societies.

F1: business organizations are fully aware of cooperative societies.

ii.           F0: The objectives, programme and business strategies of cooperative societies are not recognized and accepted by business organizations.

F1: The objectives, programme and business strategies of cooperative societies are recognized and accepted by business organizations.

iii.         F0: cooperative societies have not contributed positively to business activities.

F1: cooperative societies have contributed positively to business activities

 

 

 

1.6      DEFINITION OF TERMS

BYE LAWS: Regulations that guide the operations of the company.

COOPERATES AFFAIRS COMMISSION: Body that registers companies before they start functioning.

SHARES: Value of one’s investments in a company

LATENT NEED: A need that exist but consumers are not aware of.

PRIVATE ENTERPRISE: Business organizations that are owned by private individuals and have profit making as chief aim.

PUBLIC ENTERPRISE: Business organization that is owned by the government of an economy.

GOING CONCERN: Ability for a business organization to continue operation without an end

 

 

 

 

 

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