The effect of academic background of parents on academic

Performance of pupils on egor local government area of edo state

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ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study is to identify the effect of academic background of parents on academic performance of pupils. In other to get a sound conclusion some research questions were formulated as follows; Does the provision of educational needs affects pupils performance? Does audio-visual aid influence the performance of pupil? Does the appreciation of teachers enhance the performance of pupil? About one hundred questionnaires were designed and administered to pupil in primary school Egor Local Government Area and the researcher collected their responses immediately. The method use is sampling random procedure. Solutions were given to authorities concern among are parents. There parents appropriate measure in providing their children educational needs, ministry of education should give awareness on how parent can be of help to their children education. Those parents that ate not educated should be given opportunity to attend adult school in other to influence their children academic at home.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter one

Introduction

Statement of problems

Purpose of the study

Significance of the study

Research question

Scope of the study

Definition of terms

Chapter two

Literature review

Influence of home on pupils academic performance

Academic background of parents and children academic performance

Other factors that can cause poor or high performance on pupils academic

School is not the only educational institution

Chapter three

Research design methodology

Design of the study

Sample and sampling procedure

Research instrument

Validity of research instrument

Administration of research instrument

Data presentation

Chapter four

Data analysis and interpretation

Analysis

Discussion of findings

Chapter five

Summary, recommendation, suggestion for further research and conclusion

Summary

Recommendation

Suggestion for further study

Conclusion

Reference

Questionnaire

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

So many reasons have been advanced for the poor performances of students in schools prominent among them are the negligence of duty of teachers and parents. Parents seems to depend only on teachers with the believe to change or transform their children to academic experts over night, and anything that falls below this expectation makes the teachers conduct unacceptable.

Few people care to think of other factors responsible for poor performances of students at school. Unfortunately, these factors are so weighty that, it renders the important efforts made by the teachers towards the realization of students academic useless. It is widely accepted that c child’s academic achievement does not only restrict to the school he attends but also the education and educational preparation that particular child has received outside the school. It could be from the family, in the community and from the peer group.

According to Peter Gorski (2004) Awake ‘child’s early years what should parents do?’ “It has been noticed that the foundational background of any child should be properly lay down, else such particular child will face a lot of difficulties in future. Some students who are very brilliant were negatively affected by the attitude of their parents, by not providing them the necessary materials needed in the school and at home.

Apparently, it is now noted that students whose parents encourages and provides their educational needs always perform excellently. It was discovered that many parents do not realized the importance of keeping their children at school beyond some certain level. They preferred to have their children working with them in their trade, and those that are interested in keeping their children at school, never bordered to give a follow up by checking their children’s note. This medium makes the children performance to go below average at school.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS

A lot of various factors have contributed to the effect of parents academic background on pupils performances in Egor L. G. A. of Edo State. Parents educational background can pose a positive or negative expectation from students performance. Such as provision of materials and resources which can support learning. Some families can hold firm to their cultural value which may affect their children. For example, the assumption parents make about choosing an occupational goal for their children.

According to Adefemiwa (1995) he said that when students are given academic assignment to perform at home, some respond to it positively and return with a poorly work done, while others do not make any attempt. In addition, when students are asked to bring materials from home to aid their learning, some responded positively while others responded negatively.

Therefore, the researcher intends to investigate the conditions surrounding the academic performances of pupils. To this end, the research work intends to provide answers to the following questions;

1)    Broken home can lead to poor academic performance in school

2)    Parents academic background can lead to low academic performance

3)    Non-providing of educational needs can as well lead to poor result in academic performance of pupils.

4)    The environment can also cause poor performances of the pupils

PURPOSE OF STUDY

The purpose of this research work is to examine the effect of academic background of parents on academic performance of pupils. The difficulties which parents experienced during their periods of schooling or the type of job they involved which has made them to deviate from their family responsibilities has been a way of robbing the children of their sound academic performances. Solution will be suggested in reducing poor performance among students.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This project would reveal the importance of parents with sound academic background and how it can affect their children academic performance positively or negatively. There are some children with the population sample who are over age or above average intelligence with adequate sensory acuity, whose parents have sound academic background and have all the available opportunities but achieve less than what could be predicted. This could be seen as a significance of educational discrepancy.

RESEARCH QUESTION

The following research questions are formulated;

1)    Does the provision of educational needs affects pupils performance?

2)    Does audiovisual aid influence the performance of pupils?

3)    Does the appreciation of teachers enhance the academic performance of pupils?

SCOPE OF THE STUDY

This study is limited to all the primary school in Egor Local Government Area of Edo State. The research is based on finding the effect of academic performance of parents on academic performance of pupils.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

There are certain terms used in this study that have specific connotation to the study. Some of the terms include; academic, educational discrepancy, academic background, parents, pupil performance, education and teachers.

Academic: This is concern about teaching or studying those subject taught to provide skills

Educational discrepancy: People who have sound academic background and who also have adequate opportunities but achieve considerably less than what could be predicted.

Academic background: The detail of a person’s education

Parents: Person’s father or mother

Pupil: A person who is being taught especially a child in school.

Education: A process of teaching, training and learning especially in school or colleges to improve on knowledge and develop skills.

Teacher: Person who inculcate knowledge into another person.

 

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COMPARISON OF MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY

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ABSTRACT

This research is based on the comparisons of measures of central tendency. This is to find the most appropriate measures for average, using variance for easy collection of data of middle numbers that are centrally placed. Data was collected on which the various measures of central tendency was calculated. These measures were then used to calculate the variance for each distribution. This study shows that the arithmetic mean is the best measures of central tendency. It is therefore being recommended for wide usage as a reliable sample mean for population.

TABLE OF CONTENT

Chapter one: Introduction

Background to the study

Statement of problems

Objective of the study

Significance of study

Limitation of study

Definition of term

Chapter two: Literature review

Chapter three: Methodology

The mode

The median

The arithmetic mean

The geometric mean

The harmonic mean

The quadratic mean

Variance

Chapter four: Solved problem

Chapter five

Summary, conclusion and recommendation

Summary

Conclusion

Recommendation

References

CHAPTER ONE

BACKGROUND OF STUDY

In the study of statistics, descriptive statistics is one of the main area of statistics. It is concerned with the processing, summarizing, conclusions and presentation of qualitative and quantitative data. This area is limited to the data at hand no attempt is made to generalize when to begin courses in statistics with a discussion of so called descriptive statistics. That is, method of summarizing masses of numerical data, the graphical display of such data, procedures for ‘fitting’ data to theoretical model and so on. The aim of such procedures is that communicating, say to a colleague, the salient features of a set of numbers you have students. The assumption being that he does not want to be bothered with all facts which supports your conclusion, this is a laudable aim.

In addition, most rules o descriptive statistics depend on what one want to do with ones data, few people collect data in order to summarize, that they collect data to support arguments, or they collect data to draw inferences from them. If follow that the detailed of descriptive statistics should come after the study of statistical inference. After you know the kind of interference you can make from set of data, then you will know what calculations to performs, it reduces data to some form, usually a number that is easily comprehended.

A critical statistical notion for learners is that of data set as an entity, in other words, developing a statistical perspective. Holding statistical perspective requires a focus on the dataset as a collective rather than focusing on individual data values. By focusing on comparing of measure of central tendency. Would be provided with a conceptual structure that facilitates a focus on aggregates. Measures of central tendency are a descriptive statistics. If the value arranged in order of magnitude, a typical value will lie in the central region. This accounts for the reason why the measure of location is sometimes referred to as the measure of central tendency.

BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

Measures of central tendency is also called measures of location or average. An average is a value that is typical or representatives of a set of data. Since such typical values tend to lie centrally within a set of data arranged according to magnitude. Practically everyone have used the word ‘average’ at one time or the other. By average we usually mean the ‘normal position., for example it is a common knowledge that ‘average’ age for primary school is between five and six years. Employers and workers union often quote what each other consider to be the ‘average’ income of employees but with that of the employer usually higher than that of the union suggesting that the two parties are often speaking of two different average though generated from the same body of data. Because of the ambiguity and the confusion associated with the term ‘average’.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS

Measures of central tendency are usually seen as the easiest part of descriptive statistics because it deals with day-to-day events. Lack of attention to distributional features of data is apparent in the dominance of numerical methods for making data comparison. Selecting and collection of data and finding of average numbers is not difficult but using terms like houses (real object) and living things seems difficult. The increased focus on elementary level data analysis and statistics is evident in the proliferation of statistical ideal in people.

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

At the end of the research, we should be able to compare measures of central tendency in relation to variance. We would be able to know which among the measures of central tendency is best used in with the help of variance.

SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY

At the end of the research, is application in the physical world would motivate students to study and apply it into real life situation.

This study is to also enhance the teaching and effective learning of this subject as it is taught in mathematics of an institution of higher learning. This is with special reference in the university, polytechnics and colleges of education. The study is also of importance to the statistician, scholars, the government and private sectors.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Measures of central tendency of a distribution is a values which is typical or representation of the data. Since such typical values tend to lie centrally within a set of data arranged according to magnitude, average are also called measures of central tendency. The most common of measures of central tendency are the mode, the median and the arithmetic mean, the geometric mean, the harmonic mean and the quadratic mean.

The mode of a set of numbers is that value which has the highest frequency. It may not exist, and even if it does it may not be unique. A distribution having one mode is called unimodal.

The median of a distribution is that number for which the values of the distribution which are less than or equal to it is the same as the values which are greater than or equal to it. Is also a set of numbers arranged in order of magnitude (i.e. in an array, is either the middle value or the arithmetic mean of the two middle values.

The arithmetic mean of a set of numbers x1, x2, x3, … xn is their sum divided by n.

The geometric mean (G) of a set of N positive numbers x1, x2, x3, … xn is the nth root of the product of the numbers.

The harmonic mean (H) of a set of n number x1, x2, x3, … xn is the reciprocal of the arithmetic mean of the reciprocals of the numbers.

The quadratic mean of a set of square of number x1, x2, x3, … xn is their sum divided by n

The relations between the Arithmetic mean, Geometric mean, and Harmonic mean: The geometric mean of a set of positive number x1, x2, x3, … xn is less than or equal to their arithmetic mean but is greater than or equal to their harmonic mean.

Variance of a set of numbers is the arithmetic mean of the squares of deviation from the mean of numbers.

 

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THE COMMUNITY PARTICIPANT IN FINANCING PRIMARY EDUCATION A CASE STUDY OF OVIA SOUTH WEST LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, BENIN CITY

 

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ABSTRACT

The success of my educational system is a collective responsibility of every component of the system in service to the organization, the successes of Nigeria primary education is hinged in cooperation between individual, parents, community and government, the position of primary education is very imperative and today the local community has bluntly refused to cooperate and participate in the financing the crucial level of education but leave it at the mercy of the government. It is in the predicament that this study is designed to investigate the extent of the community participation in the south west local government area of edo state. It is in this search light that structure questionnaire twenty items was designed especially on area of focus and administered on a number of people in randomly selected in the area of study.

How the finding are revealed that:

1.    Primary school in Nigeria is not properly financed as government is the only major source of finance.

2.    Local communities do not cooperate with the government in financing the crucial level of education since the whole system in confronted with insufficient fund. Moreover, the investigation is of the opinion that;

a.    There is urgent need for joint participation of local community’s voluntary agencies and individual for effective performance and management of primary education in Nigeria.

b.    Government should therefore seek for alternative source of finding primary education as try to evolve a participation policy in finding education in Nigeria.

 

 

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENT

Chapter one

Background of study

Statement of problem

Research question

Purpose of the study

Significance of the study

Scope of the study

Limitation of the study

Definition of terms

Chapter two

Review of related literature

Indigenous education and community participation

Primary school and community participation

During the colonial period

Primary schools management under the new dispensation

Problem of primary education in Nigeria

Prospect of primary education in Nigeria

Conclusion

Chapter three

Methodology

Research design

Population and sampling research and sampling

Research instrument

Method of data administration collection

Method of data analysis

Chapter four

Data analysis

Discussion of finding

Chapter five

Summary, conclusion and recommendation

Summary

Conclusion

Recommendation

Suggestion for further study

Reference

Questionnaire

 

 

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

There is gainsaying the fact that education is very vital to the peace of socials, political and economic development of any nation. This is why most nations of the world strive to devote a sizeable proportion of their cross national income into developing the educational sector.

According to world bank (2002) in Nigeria between 7.6% and 7.9% of our annual expenditure is devoted to education” management of primary education refer to the process of planning, directing, staffing, coordinating, budgeting for reporting our primary education system.

Primary education in Nigeria refers to the education which children receive from the age of 6 years to 11 years plus. It the foundation level of the educational system which runs for six years and it is aimed at developing basic literacy numeracy, communication skills and transmission of the culture of the people to younger generation.

The federal government of Nigeria has taken the responsibility of financing education in Nigeria alone, it has dissolved other source of finance and latter have them seen education as a national duty to be perform. However, community, individual and organization in the financing of education but this is not true in the real sense since government have taken over primary schools completely from voluntary agencies embarking on a laudable programme such as U.P.E and carryout the wages in school alone without a slighted resources other source.

Although this government hold step was highly appreciated. It did not last long as a result of the economic recession brought about by deprecation of oil price in the world market government do not find it simple to bring in community to participate in financing education and the financial aspect of education is one of the major problem facing educational development in Nigeria.

Before now, education in Nigeria has passed through some seting stage of development before the advent of formal education. Nigeria use to have indigenous system of education which involves the participation which involves the participation of all members of the communities. The western kind of education was introduction an country this education was welcome by the local communities because it create room for their participation of the local communities hence the members of the missions. When government assured the full control of education responsibility, all alone with financing it with oil money the participation of local communities were not encouraged and this enhance distortion to the entire educations system.

But note, before this assumption of schools by the government, the voluntary agencies such as Christian, Muslim and other organization were these responsible for education. The communities were not left out their effort in participating for the financing of education, some events beyond construction of schools, staff rooms for the teachers. A case in point is that of Iguogun primary school Iguogun in Ovia South West Local Government Area of Edo State. Where communities did participate in the construction of school and even the staff rooms for the teachers.

The efforts were focus towards government of education in these days before the take over by the government. But now the area of government expenditure is widened and the economic of the nation is in state of paralysis. In their regard the strength of government to provide the necessary schools materials is weak, now the government sick for alternative of sharing the responsibilities with other source of income.

Sincerely speaking, there is no head hidden in the fact that Nigeria schools are below standard of normancy in view of scarcity of resource to finance their schools and its facility are out of use and irregular payment of teacher salaries. It the predicament that government transformed the funding and administration of primary education to local government has generated a lot of difficulties in the educational sector because; the local government could not afford to shoulder this responsibilities of primary schools. Primary education is left unconcerned for since federal government couldn’t make authentic policy statement about whose responsibility is it to handle this important level of education and this has been the problem since till date.

Now, the primary education is been handle by the federal government but things are not done in a normal ways, this research therefore set act to analysis the community participation in primary school administration in Ovia South West Local Government.

 

 

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

In the time past, analysis has shown that primary education is in a great predicament in Nigerian because of the ability of the federal government to seek for alternative source of founding education especially from the local communities, voluntary organization, individuals and philanthropists even though it has been ascertain that government alone cannot provide necessary or required materials. This has infant thrown the teaching and leaning situation in primary school into a sad condition were unrest in this order of the day.

Ovia South West Local Government has part of this larger society (Nigeria) has her own share of their problem, and even presents a complex and peculiar situations for instance the teachers salaries are not pay regularly, the teaching and learning situation are jeopardized, the materials needed for teaching are not available, the school building are out dated (dilapidated) and the management of primary school in a state of confusion due to lack of participation of the communities in the financing of primary school system.

Education serve as a major role or therefore necessary for the communities to contribute or rather participate adequately in the financing of primary schools especially at the level of the primary schools education as the bedrock on which the progress or failure of the whole nation hope on.

RESEARCH QUESTION

The following are to be answered extensively as they will throw more light on the extent while primary education can be encouraged in Nigeria as a whole of Ovia South West in particular:

1.    Does availability of instructional materials and other classroom essential facilities have any effect on the standard of primary education in Nigeria today?

2.    To what extent will communities’ participation in funding primary education help in improving education of our pupils?

3.    To what extent can the joint participation between the government and local communities enhance primary school?

4.    To what extent will community involvement enhance the management of primary schools facilities and funds?

 

 

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

The research work is purposefully set out to investigate analysis and examine the point in which community participation in financing education in Ovia South West Local Government Area. It is a wide open and clear that the financial burden of the primary education in Nigeria at large, Ovia South West precisely cannot be over look and it cannot be left for the local government alone or else the primary education will decay and then the entire nation will collapses.

Also, the study will also help to correct the following standard of primary education y encouraging and challenging both individual, voluntary agencies and local government/communities to reconsider response to pounding basic facilities and adequate financial and adequate financial predicament.

 

 

 

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The need for education in our society and nation at large cannot be over emphasized because it make the people easy read but difficulties to rive, easy to govern but impossible to sustain throughout this research work we shall no the extent to which the people of the land have satisfied the extent to which the people of the land have satisfied the above statement.

Again Ovia South West Local Government has no record about its literacy of educational programme. Therefore it is important to carry out these types of study as it will be useful to educational planners and organizers of the various educational programmes of local government in particular.

The greatest problem that our education programmes have been experiencing till today is lack of sufficient fund to carry out educational programmes already planned activities.

Then what shall we do to remedy this highly situation? This research work will suggest adequate solution which will be of interest to those concerned with education development plans.

 

 

SCOPE OF THE STUDY

This study is geared towards investigating the role of community participation in financing primary Education. Mean while this impediment of communities not participating in this financing of primary education can be observed throughout the state and country at large however this research work is specked to primary schools in Ovia South west Local Government and it is restricted to some village under Ovia South West Local government area of Edo state known as Iguobazuwa, Umaza and Iguogun presidely.

 

 

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Below is the definition of some key terms used in this study.

(1)    Community: A group of people living together and share common interest. Community in this passage referred to different towns and villages in ovia south west local government area.

(2)     Primary Education: This beginning of rearing of our offspring in a formal setting to the need of the community. It is an institution of rudiments of knowledge but in this study primary Education especially include the public schools owned by the government.

(3)     Financing: It is the involvement of people or community sharing idea in items of labour or finance for enhancing proper management and development.

(4)     Participation: It is the involvement of people or community sharing idea terms available in labour, finance and human

Resource for enhancing proper management and development

(5)         Community development. this means the development of this

Democratic participation which enable the people to cooperation and embrace the spirit of self-help in the execution

Of programme related to their development.

 

Continue reading THE COMMUNITY PARTICIPANT IN FINANCING PRIMARY EDUCATION →

EDUCATING THE PHYSICALLY CHALLENGED PERSONS: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS:

A CASE STUDY OF REMAND HOMES IN OREDO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA IN EDO STATE

 

 

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ABSTRACT

The study intends to evaluate the challenges faced by the physically challenged vis-à-vis their access to education with a special interest in Oredo local government area of Edo State. The extent literature on the subject encountered by these people makes it necessary to investigate this problems so that solutions can be provided to aid these citizens a cross sectional survey, will be conducted in the local government area which will be shared in the wards. For proportional representation of the target population. Thereafter an analysis of the data will be obtained in order to answer the research questions posed by the research.

 

 

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENT

Chapter One

Introduction

Statement of the problem

Research questions

Justification of the study

Chapter Two

Literature review

Chapter Three

Research Methodology

Introduction

Research design

Population of the study

Sample and sampling procedure

Instrumentation

Administration of instrument

Method of data analysis

Chapter Four

Data analysis and interpretation

Chapter Five

Summary, conclusion and recommendations

Summary

Conclusion

Recommendation

Suggestions for further research

References

Questionnaire

 

 

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

An emotive definition of disabled persons is the phrase physically challenged persons. It has entered popular parlance today to refer to the disabled as physically challenged in order to eliminate discrimination, and stigmatization by language. However, for the purpose of the study the terms will be used interchangeably to refer to the same situation.

Disability is a broad range of physical deformity caused by accidents, sickness or birth condition whereby there is a partial or total compromise of an organ of the body. According to the oxford dictionary (2006) disability is a physical or mental condition that means the sufferer cannot use a part of his/her body completely or the person cannot learn easily in case of mental impairment. Referring to these people as disabled is grammatically correct however, it may be sympathetic that they be referred to as physically challenged persons. A range of conditions implicated in this state are:

i.             Blindness: partial or total absence of sight function

ii.            Deafness and partial or total hearing impairment

iii.           Dumbness partial total impairment

iv.          Alitism partial mental impairment

v.            Crippled legs and a number of such related states

Every physically challenged person share basic rights with other members of the society. They are protected legislations and treaties from discrimination in all form. It follows then that they can aspire to any sphere of human achievement in principles. It is estimated that there are approximately 25 million Nigerians with disabilities out of a total estimated population of 140 million. The literacy rates of people with disabilities in Nigeria, according to Research significantly lower than among, general population for both men and isomen. As signatory to various declarations and treaties by the United Nations and the limited nations educational scientific organization (UNESCO) where the rights of disabled is enshrined especially as regards educations.

It is pertinent to note that physically challenged cut across various demographic variables there are children and adults who are disabled as well as male and female disabled. As a child the disabled is protected by various charters by the United Nations. One of such declaration is the declaration on the right of the child. As a child, the disabled … is entitled to receive education, which shall be free and compulsory at least in the elementary stages… he shall be given an education which will promote his general culture and enable him, on a basis of equal opportunity to develop his abilities, his individual judgment and his sense of moral and social responsibility and to become a useful member of the society (UN, 1959).

The UNESCO declaration on the rights of disabled persons (1960) declares “it states parties to the convention agree that education shall be directed to the full development of the human personality and to the strengthening of respect for human rights, it shall promote understanding, tolerance and friendship among all nations, further the activities of the united nations for the maintenance of peace”. In view of these it is worth investigating the assess to education by the physically challenged in Oredo Local Government Area of Edo State where sightings of destitute physically challenged persons are common.

 

 

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMS   

Despite robust legislation and treaties at the international level for the disabled, as well as the protection of the rights of disabled by the Nigerian constitution. The rate of destitute of disabled persons is cause for alarm. In a society, where the able bodied are in fierce competition for scarce resources in a country described by all development indices as poor, it is of little surprise that physically challenged people are left to beg for a engaged people are left to beg for a living after unsuccessful attempts to be integrated in to society. In Benin metropolis, it has been observed that there are a number of disabled at a time when they should be at school. It has also been observed that three are not special provisions by the government for special education which takes in to cognizance the needs of the disabled.

It is also evident that where the disabled even attend schools facilities are dilapidated and in so many cases they mix up with other abled bodied students were they are not given special attention by school administrators. Much of the help coming the way of the physically challenged have been from the non-governmental organizations who are practically carrying out acts of charity which is hard to sustain.

 

 

 

RESEARCH QUESTIONS

The research questions generated by this investigation are:

1.            What is the state of access to education by the disabled in Oredo LGA of Edo State?

2.            What factors affect the disabled in Oredo LGA in their access to education?

3.            What factors need to be put in place to encourage greater accessibility of education by the disabled?

The study intends to investigate access to education by the physically challenged in Oredo LGA of Edo State.

i.             To determine the level of access to education by the physically challenged in the study area identified.

ii.            To the factors which affect the physically challenged with regard to their access to education.

iii.           To make recommendations necessary for improved in the study area.

JUSTIFICATION OF THE STUDY       

Findings from this study will help to provide answers to the research questions generated as well as fill the gap in policy enactment by the government. Findings will be necessary to all stake holders in the society especially for the study area while it can be generalized to all parts ofNigeria. Lastly, it will enrich research in the area of interest filling the needed gap for further research.

 

 

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COMMUNICABLE DISEASES AMONG PRIMARY SCHOOL PUPILS

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ABSTRACT

This project work was designed to find out the communicable diseases among primary school pupils in Oredo Local Government Area. Communicable diseases are very common among primary pupils. Communicable diseases could be contacted and have effects in primary school pupils, which may include deformity and poor academic performance. Immunization can be used to control the spread of communicable diseases among school pupils.

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE

Background of the study

Statement of problem

Purpose of the study

Significance of the study

Research questions

Scope of study

Limitation of study

Definition of terms

CHAPTER TWO         

Literature review

CHAPTER THREE

Research design

Population of the study

Sample of the study

Sample techniques adopted

Instrumentation

Validity of instrument

Method of data collection

Method of data analysis

CHAPTER FOUR

Data analysis and presentation

CHAPTER FIVE

Summary

Conclusion

Recommendation

REFERENCES 

QUESTIONNAIRE

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

In this era of technological advancement, there is a possibility for a fast association of knowledge in all fields of human endeavours. The health care delivery system of Oredo Local Government is being geared towards aligning with the national goal on “health for all”. One way of achieving this goal is through the education of primary school pupils on better health care. This is certainly one of the domains of physical and health education. Health education is designed for primary school level to educate the pupils about common diseases in our immediate environment and their prevention.

Also health education can also bridge the gap, reduce some of our environmental hazards for the welfare of every citizen. It is well known that children are exposed to various hazards of communicable diseases, it is necessary to guide the children from these diseases. Therefore, the teacher should be very much concerned with the health welfare and survival his pupils. Communicable diseases in the past have been “endemic” and now it has become “sporadic” because of the awareness of this study. As the name implies communicable disease is derived from the combination of two words, communicable and disease. Communicable is an illness that can be in exchanged, share, transmit or imparted.

Disease is an unfavourable condition of an organism caused by micro-organisms as a result of illness, disorder of the body or mind. Communicable diseases are sometimes referred to as infectious diseases. They are the diseases which are communicated from one person to another or from animals to man through personal contacts like air, water, dust or the use of personal belonging or families. The communicable diseases that are common in pupils in primary schools include; chicken pox, measles, cholera, whooping cough, typhoid, tuberculosis, craw-craw, poliomyelitis (infant paralysis). The research is intended to carryout the overview of communicable diseases among primary school pupils. It is also intended to give useful advice and suggestions to teachers in primary school in particular on how to prevent the spread of these communicable diseases among the pupils in primary school in Oredo Local Government Area.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

This research intends to carryout an overview of communicable diseases among primary school pupils in Oredo Local Government Area as a case study the researcher intend to do this under the following statement of problems.

a)   Are communicable diseases common among primary pupils in Oredo Local Government Area?

b)   Do the pupils in Oredo Local Government Area learn in a dirty environment that will lead to the spread of communicable diseases among them?

c)   Are the pupils and the teachers aware of the prevalence of communicable diseases in the primary school in the local government area?

d)   Does over population in primary schools lead to the spread of communicable diseases among students?

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

The purpose of writing this project is as follows;

a)   To identify the communicable diseases that is prevalent in primary schools in Oredo Local Government Area of Edo State.

b)   To find out the effects of communicable diseases on the pupils and the society at large.

c)   To outline the various causes of the diseases.

d)   To eradicate and control the diseases among primary school pupils in Oredo Local Government Area of Edo State.

e)   To examine the nature and scope of communicable diseases.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The importance of this study cannot be overemphasized.

a)   The study would also be of great help to the ministry of health and the government whose objectives of primary health care are preventive health and gradual eradication of these communicable diseases.

b)   It will help the teachers and the pupils to be aware of the commonest communicable diseases in Oredo Local Government primary schools with the view of preventing their spread.

c)   It helps the teachers to prevent a crowdy classroom in order to give room for ventilation.

d)   It helps the teachers to care about the health of the students and to know how to treat the infected pupil.

e)   It helps in continuous training of teachers on disease control.

RESEARCH QUESTIONS

1.   What are the prevalent communicable diseases in the local government area?

2.   How can communicable diseases be controlled?

3.   Do communicable diseases have any effect on primary school children?

SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The study is exclusively limited to the effects of common communicable diseases on the educational attainment of primary school pupils in Oredo Local Government Area of Edo State. It is possible to cover all communicable diseases within a short time, consequent upon this, the study is limited to the following diseases; measles, ringworm, and cholera.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

The following terms were used in this research work, many have different meaning to many people in different fields but for the purpose of this study. The meanings of these terms are as follows.

Communicable diseases: They are the diseases which are passed from one person to another through water, air, dust etc.

Non-communicable diseases: These are diseases that cannot be spread through personal contact, water, dust, air, etc.

Immunity: This is the ability or power possessed by children to resist infection.

Dehydration: This is loss of water and dissolved salt from the body.

Immunization: This is a form of disease prevention involving the injection of a vaccine or an antiserum into the body of an organism in other to protect the organism from attack by a disease.

Vaccination: This is a form of disease prevention involving the administration of antigenic vaccine to stimulate the immune system of an individual to develop adaptive immunity to a disease.

Lumps: This is an infectious disease characterized by the swelling of the neck and the cheek due to the inflammation of the parotid glands at the junction of the neck and the lower jaws.

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