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ABSTRACT

This research was designed to compare the academic performance of students in boarding house and those who are day students. About one hundred and twenty students were used for this study. These were drawn by using simple and stratified random sampling by selecting students in three different secondary schools in Oredo Local Government Area Benin city, Edo State. Questionnaire and students scores in their first term examination were used, simple percentage were employed to test these research question. Three research questions were formulated they are:

a. Is there any difference between the academic performance of both the boarding and day students in education?

b. Is there any difference between the academic performance of the students whose parents are rich and those of poor parents?

c. Does the environment have a positive or negative effect on the academic performance of the students?

TABLE OF CONTENT

Chapter One

Introduction

Background of the study

Statement of problem

Purpose of the study

Basic assumption

Research question

Significance of the study

Scope of the study

Chapter Two

Literature review

Chapter Three

Research design and methodology

Research design

Population of the study

Samples/sampling techniques

Administration and collection of data

Instrument for data analysis

Procedure for data analysis

Chapter Four

Analysis and presentation of results

Analysis and interpretation of data

Chapter Five

Summary, conclusion and recommendation

Summary

Conclusion

Recommendation

References

Questionnaires

CHAPTER ONE

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The advent of white men leads to a formal and organized system of education, but before then, Nigeria had her own indigenous system of education. This system was basically traditional and largely informal, but this has been replaced since the advent of European in the country. There is an organized system, which is carried out in the school premises, whereby students are allowed to reside in the school premises under the supervision of the school staffs. This system can be traced back to the ancients Greeks system of education in Anthems, where the young boys were sent to institutes to be trained as brave solders (Ehigie, 2000).

This can equally be said about the old Nigerian indigenous system of education. Looking back to our traditional society, apprentices were sent to stay with their apprenticeship so as to be near their source of knowledge (Fafunwa, 1974). Nevertheless, the origin of boarding houses in formal education in Nigeria can be traced to the advent of Christian missionary activities in Nigeria as far back as the early 1840s. It was then used to schedule the converts especially the young ones from the larger society to enable the missionaries inculcate in there young ones Christian values as well as western values and culture. The idea behind this was that, if the school children lived in a mission-controlled environment, it would be easier to indoctrinate and force them to attend school regularly. According to Aghenta (1983) he identifies the objectives of the boarding houses systems as:

1. The provision of opportunities for students of varying social and economic background to live together and share common problems and interest.

2. The provision of opportunities for students to develop independence and a sense of responsibility.

3. The provision of stable environment with regular sleep, planned diet and conducive atmosphere, which encourages serious academic work.

4. The provision of opportunities for students to make genuine friendship in life.

5. The provision of boarding facilities for students whose parents live very far from school.

The boarding system however, is a matter of choice for those who can afford the cost. For others they may prefer coming to school from home since they cannot afford it. There have also been speculations on whether the boarding school is really necessary. The question now is whether the cost of attending a boarding school is proportional to a student’s academic excellence, or whether it is not with preference to today’s school system. Therefore, it is in light of the notion that the researcher went into this work.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The question of whether more boarding facilities should be provided for our secondary school or not has in recent times engaged the attention of the government as well as educators and parents alike. The federal as well as state government have found it in increasingly difficult to provide enough secondary school for the ever-increasing population of students. This is an issue that no responsible government can afford to toy with, although recently more secondary schools have been established through out the country by both the government and private individuals, in Edo State for instance we now have more than free government owned secondary schools and a lot of private secondary schools too.

However, some Nigerian have started to question the wisdom of spending the government limited resources for the provision of boarding facilities when such resources could be used to provide more schools. Varied opinions are also held by different individuals on the academic performance of day and boarding students. Arising from the above assertions, the statements of problem are:

1. Which of the two groups boarding and day students has higher academic performance?

2. Is there any relationship between the female day students and boarders and their academic performance?

3. What is the effect of home and school environment on academic performance of students?

RESEARCH QUESTION

The following research question is stated for this study as:

1. Is there any difference between the academic performance in education of both the day students and the boarding students?

2. Is there any difference between the academic performance of the females whose parents are rich and those of poor parents?

3. Does the environment have a positive or negative effect on the academic performance of the students?

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

1. To find out whether there is any difference between the academic performance of boarding and day students in educational among students in idea college Secondary School.

2. To find out whether there is any difference between the academics performance of students whose parents are rich and those of poor parents.

3. To find out whether the environment or atmosphere have any effect on the academic performance of both the day students and the boarding students.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The government educational administrators and their action and decisions. This will serve as a backing in the formulation of educational policies and organisation for daily school activities. It is the researcher expectation that this study will be valuable to them.

It is also hoped that parent’s guidance will find this study useful in making decision concerning their child or wards. They will therefore know if the money spent in putting their child or wards in boarding houses is justified.

Universities, Colleges of Education and polytechnics students will also benefit from this study in terms of planning to improve on their academic performance by studying harder.

SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The study is limited to only the selected secondary school. A case study of three selected secondary schools in Oredo Local Government Area, Benin City. The sample cuts across both the boarding and day students in the school.

BASIC ASSUMPTION

It is assumed that students in boarding performs better in education than the day students.

It is assumed that boarding students are more exposed to organized living and out of school activities than the day students.

At home, it is assumed that there are no conducive atmosphere or environment for effective study due to distraction from parents and relatives alike.

DEFINITIONS OF TERMS

Day students: These are the students who attend school from home.

Boarding students: These are the students who stays in a boarding house inside the schools.

Academic performance: This refers to the percentage scores obtained by a student in any of the class examinations organized by the school.

Environment: this refers to the surrounding which man lives and which he reacts to and attaches meaning. But in the project, it is seen as the place, which the students come in to gain knowledge and also their various homes.

Education as a tool for curbing female trafficking

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EDUCATION AS A TOOL FOR CURBING FEMALE TRAFFICKING:

A CASE STUDY OF EGOR LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF EDO STATE

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ABSTRACT

tThe study focuses on the role of education in curbing human trafficking in Edo State. The study is to confirm that with the present educational system and the various governmental and non governmental system agencies efforts, female trafficking can be brought barest minimum. The study reveals from instrument used that many people are aware of the danger consequences of female trafficking but they are adamant to the various efforts put in place by these agencies to curb it. Finally, with recommendation which can further help to stop this special menace

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

What a world we live in a male framed world where global economics sets in a concrete a system of winners and losers with poverty disadvantages, and minimal choice for many as the consequences.

The climate is ripe for men’s sexual exploitation of women without bounds abuse of the worst kind, women are setup to lose in this system and the like buzzards circling around a curbing member of the hard, business men prey upon the globes most disadvantage women, entrapping them within their web despicable sex slavery enterprises trading women far and wide as sex chatters.

The business of trafficking in human is today organized by groups that are also involved in weapon and harcotics colliding with government officials in dozen countries there is very little doubt that it is lucrative business and maybe one of the most difficult to combat. They are less visible than those caused by gun running and trafficking of women In developing world, middlemen are able to bring together the supply and demand for cheap labour and sex in ways that would have simply been unthinkable not long ago. Though, the fact of human trafficking is not difficult to understand on its own, its dimensions and categorization continue to multiply by the day.

Suffice to say that bad government led to severe economic hardship on the masses. Then come the structural adjustment programme (SAP) introduce in 1989 with its anti poor condition amities leading the generation of the economic migrants and the phenomenon of brain drain amongst these economic migrants are today’s trafficked women and abuse children who for want something to eat, ignorance or greed or a combination of these feel victims of the international process of co modification of human beings, veracious sexual perverts and organized criminal syndicate.

The educational sector has many lapses which have indirectly affected the economy. The over dependent and emphasis on paper certification neither has nor helped in the development of the schools curriculum. The mass brain drain has created loopholes in the educational system. This has made some so called educated people to be susceptible to trafficking. How can one explain that has reap up to the one level will agrees to be trafficked by a complete illiterate business women who cannot even express herself fluently in English language or a graduate from a Nigeria university to be traffic these sets of people are supposedly educated and should be asset to a nation but have turned into a public enemy. The educational curriculum might have over sighted this problem, therefore the room was created for this social ill.

The subjects that deals on morals that is christain religious knowledge and the Islamic religions knowledge are gradually phasing out as teachers but staunched these courses are not being employed by some employers. Social studies which expose our children to the vices and virtues in the society is only studies in the junior secondary classes. So students cannot but cope with the make believe life of affluence, greed which has made female trafficking a huge success in our society.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

The problem under focus is enormous, female trafficking as presently practiced is a recent addition to the dictionary of global loves. Trafficking tends to be systematic in its occurrence especially that its span increases as the globalization process intensives. Through previously in existence of prostitution today, contemporary female trafficking is an organized business just as Atlantic slave around the globe. Today, not only young girls are trafficked but teenagers and mothers of children. This phenomenon spells doom to female education and consequently national development.

Hence, this attempts to investigate how education can be used as a tool to curb female trafficking.

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

The purpose of the study is to look more closely at the role of education in curbing female trafficking which appears not to have been given attention to until recently.

Although, one cannot substitute the stolen life of one person for that of another education is effective in the battle against female trafficking.

It is a jobs sounds too good to be true, it is probably is, education also works to create a skilled population and helps to reduce poverty which is one of the driving forces for women who seek unskilled job opportunities abroad, trafficking of female, opportunity offered by schools, opportunity offered by schools, trade learning centres in order to be trafficked, it is done sometimes by their wish or against their wish.

These are traffickers otherwise known as (trolleys or machines) unread them with their material possessions and promise of better life abroad.

RESEARCH QUESTIONS

1. Are students educated regarding the evil of female trafficking in schools?

2. Are students aware of the strategies to adopt when they threatened with trafficking?

3. Are secondary school students equipped with useful skills to have a successful living?

4. Are parents aware of the danger of female trafficking?

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The study is to show case the role of education in curbing female trafficking in Edo state.

Education comes from the latin world “Educare” which means to “draw out” education is a process which is viewed as a instrument for transmitting cultural heritage from elders to young ones. In this process one learns a trade or skill.

Education can also be considered as a tool to be used for the interrogation of individuals into the society to achieve self realization, develop consciousness, promote unity and strive for social economic, scientific, cultural and technological process.

With these meaning of education, it is a sure tool in curbing female trafficking and also to create awareness in every female trafficking and there is dignity in realizing your dream and being educated with help you to attain any status in life. Thus, the result of this study will help to solve the problems arising from female trafficking

SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The scope of this study in Edo state but narrowed to the schools in Ovia north east local government area in the state.

This is because Bini speaking, news, research, observation show that girls have been with drawn from schools, trade learning centres in order to be trafficked. It is done sometimes with their consent or against their wish, these traffickers (trolleys madams) have lure them with their possessions and promise of better life abroad.

The selected schools are:

1. Nifor secondary school, Nifor

2. Ebomisi secondary school, Ugbogiobo

3. Ezomo College, Ora

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Female trafficking: the act of sending young girls and women abroad for prostitution.

Sex chattels: personal, object for sexual exploitation.

Trolleysme: persons involved in trafficking

Madams: persons involve in trafficking and also force them into prostitutions abroad…

A STUDY OF THE COMMON DIFFICULTIES ENCOUNTERED BY STUDENTS IN CHEMISTRY

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ABSTRACT

This study was carried out in order to know the common difficulties encountered by students in chemistry practical class in secondary schools in Uhunmwonde LGA of Edo State. The number of teachers and students involved were about fifty two students and seven for teachers respectively. The criteria used for the selection of the schools was based on their past performance in SSCE (2006-2009). This research was based on four hypotheses, the four hypotheses were validated and they are:

There is shortage of qualified chemistry teachers in secondary schools.

School laboratories are inadequately equipped.

There is over-population in laboratory rooms.

Insufficient practical periods on the time table

The schools involved include the following

– Obadan Secondary school, school

– Eyaen secondary school, Eyaen

– Egba secondary school

– Urukposa secondary school

– Ekose grammar school, Ekose

The data for this was obtained through the use of questionnaires, oral interview and the records of the SSCE (2006-2009) the following conclusions were arrived at:

i. Enough named chemistry teachers who would be able to perform and teach practical, immensely contribute to the brilliant performance of students in chemistry.

ii. Equipped chemistry laboratory enable the teacher the students to carryout practical exercise effectively.

iii. Students in a school that has sufficient laboratory rooms and time allocated to the teaching chemistry practical perform better in chemistry examination. From this findings, it was recommended that:

Government should endeavour to provide adequate and equip laboratories, classroom blocks and enough qualified teachers.

iv. The 6-3-3-4 system of education should not be seen as a change to subject matter but an introduction of the technological orientation.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER ONE

Background of the study

Statement of the problem

Research hypothesis

Purpose of the study

Significance of the study

Scope and delimitation

Definition of terms

CHAPTER TWO

Literature review

CHAPTER THREE

Methodology

Research design

Study Population

Study sample

Sampling procedure

Research Instrument

Validity and Reliability of instrument

Administration of the questionnaires

Method of data analysis

CHAPTER FOUR

Analysis of data

CHAPTER FIVE

Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation

Recommendation

Conclusion

Recommendations

REFERENCES

QUESTIONNAIRE

CHAPTER ONE

1.1 INTRODUCTION

The technological advancement of any country depends on the scientific background of such country. Chemistry teaching practical to be précised has been faced with a lot of problems. More attempts have been made to find solutions to these problems. Accordingly, Nigeria students, studying chemistry are expected to be taught what chemistry is (STAN, 1970). They are expected to acquire scientific skills of observing, reporting, organizing of information, generalizing, predicting or speculating and designing experiment to test hypothesis.

The teaching strategies used in carryout chemistry practical prescribed for developing these skills in the laboratory rooms include:

a. The involvement to students in opening ended field or laboratory work.

b. The inclusion of problems-solving activities

c. The use of discovery teaching tactics whenever appropriate.

On the contrary, the inadequacy of basic laboratory infrastructures and technical personnel which are involved in the teaching of chemistry practical, have manned this methods. As a result, the objectives of teaching and learning of practical and experimental exercise which are geared towards improving the preparation of scientific background for technological advancement have not been achieved.

Several difficulties encountered serves as an impediment not only to chemistry practical but also to the teaching of chemistry in secondary school some of these difficulties encountered would be enumerated later in this research.

1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

Chemistry as a science subject is taught in most secondary schools in Uhunmwonde Local Government Area of Edo State. Almost all science students in these school offer chemistry (the practical in particular) because of its vital role as one of the basic science subjects relevant in science profession. Inspite of students interest and reactions towards chemistry practical, they perform poorly in chemistry in their final examination as a result of the way they were been taught by their chemistry teacher. The questions that come to mind are what are the problems of teaching chemistry practical in schools? Could it be as a result of lack of laboratories in schools, lack of laboratory attendance, or lack of qualified personnel or inability of the teachers to use the laboratory equipment in teaching? This has been a great concern to most people. And it forms the essence of this project.

1.3 PURPOSE OF STUDY

The purpose of this study is to examine the difficulties encountered by students in chemistry practical in secondary schools in Uhunmwonde Local Government Area of Edo State. And also suggest ways in which the teaching of chemistry practical may be improved.

1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY

Science has been recognized in the nation’s education. Hence the new system of education (6-3-3-4 system of education) lays much emphasis in science. Therefore at the end of this research, teacher trainers should be able to equip the chemistry, teachers with a suitable solution to problems as well as ideas for teachings of chemistry practical in secondary schools. This study will be of great importance to the society as well as the nation at large because of its scientific, social, economic, and technological value particularly the students as their reasoning faculty and their creative skills may be improved through effective methods of teaching.

1.5 HYPOTHESIS

There are several difficulties encountered by students in chemistry practical class in the secondary schools. The following hypotheses are stated in the alternative form.

1. There is shortage and lack of qualified personnel in teaching profession.

2. School laboratories are inadequately equipped

3. Insufficient time is allocated to chemistry on the time table.

4. There is over crowding/population in classrooms.

1.6 DEFINITION OF TERMS

Laboratory: It is a place for experimental studies.

Inadequate laboratory: Insufficient laboratories

Poorly equipped laboratory: This is laboratory with little or no equipment to carryout the necessary experiment for effective and efficient learning.

Well equipped laboratory: A laboratory that contains all the necessary equipment for experimental or practical learning.

Profession: Career which require advance education and special training.

Final examination: West African School Certificate Examination and senior school certificate examination (SSCE).

Factors militating against the performance of students in introductory technology in junior secondary school level in nigeria

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FACTORS MILITATING AGAINST THE PERFORMANCE OF STUDENTS IN INTRODUCTORY TECHNOLOGY IN JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL LEVEL IN NIGERIA”

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(A CASE STUDY OF SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN CALABAR MUNICIPAL COUNCIL CROSS RIVER STATE)

ABSTRACT

It is disheartening to say that until recently, Introductory Technology Education was not paid attention to by the introducers and the acquirers. Many people had different notions that introductory technology education is of no and therefore was not given recognition.

Virtually today, introductory Technology has attracted National interest because it is the basis for the technological development of every nation. It was on this background that the researcher unraveled the factors militating against the performance of the students in Introductory Technology in Junior Secondary School level in Nigeria, a case study of Calabar, Cross River State. In the course of the research work, twenty one Introductory Technology teachers were randomly sampled. the work was guided by research questions, monitored and information gathered was analyzed.

Based on the research findings, it was discovered that absence of training facilities, shortage of technical teachers, inadequate finding, vast curriculum and poor recognition and remuneration as well as ineffective guardian and counseling services are identified as the most endemic problems militating against the performance of students in introductory Technology.

Thereafter, conclusion and recommendations were provided for the problem

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

1.2 Statement of the Problem

1.3 Purpose of the Study

1.4 Significance of the Study

1.5 Research Questions

1.6 Delimitation

1.7 Limitation

1.8 Assumptions of the Study

CHAPTER TWO

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1 Historical Evolution of Technology and

Curriculum Innovation in Nigeria

2.2 Report of UNESCO

2.3 Policy planning and implementation

2.4 Economic need for Affiliation and Self Actualization

2.5 Summary of Literature Review

CHAPTER THREE

METHODOLOGY

3.1 The Design

3.2 The Area of Study

3.3 Population

3.4 Source

3.5 Samples for the Study

3.6 Sampling Technique

3.7 Instrument for Data Collection

3.8 Validity and Reliability of the Instrument

3.9 Administration of Questionnaire

3.10 Data Analysis Techniques

CHAPTER FOUR

PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA

CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1 Summary

5.2 Implication of the Study

5.3 Conclusion

5.4 Recommendations

Reference

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Education is the panacea for technological advancement of any nation. The progress of any nation depends largely on the technological know – how of that country. It was in realization of the fact that only technological education can emancipate us from the western economic and technological slavery, that the National Policy on Education (1977), revised (1981) recommended expand technical institutions in the country. In 1979, all secondary schools in the country were required to offer Introductory Technology along side other subjects as one of the compulsion subjects at the Junior Secondary School Level.

It has been observed that the curriculum of our schools before the introduction of the 6-3-3-4 system was too academic, theoretically oriented and failed to address the needs and aspirations of the Nation. The system turned out job seekers instead of job creators. The search for a functional curriculum, which will address the needs and yearning of the nation, led to the emergence of the 6- 3- 3-4 system in 1982. The curriculum contains among other things pre-vocational subjects, which included introductory technology; Home Economics and Business Education, which are compulsory at the Junior Secondary Schools.

Introductory technology as an integrated subject included- woodwork, metal work, basic electricity /electronics, building construction, technical drawing, plastic and rubber technology, and auto/ mechanical work. Introductory technology lays the foundation for the acquisition of skills and knowledge that are basic for technological development. The skills and knowledge acquired at the this level will equip the students to be self reliant if they are unable to study beyond the Junior Secondary School Level.

According to Nnadi (1988) “The new system would ensure that the basic foundation is laid easily for the acquisition and utilization of knowledge and skill on which the technological programme the country would continue to depend”. It is intended that the programme would launch Nigeria into the technological new world order.

It is sad to mention that resources are grossly inadequate for the teaching of this important subject in our schools, especially schools in Calabar, Cross River State where, in some places, buildings to house the equipment / machines do not exist, while in some places there and building, equipment and machines but no electricity and workshop exist there by making it difficult for the equipment / machines to be installed.

It is not only the material resources that are in short supply but also human resources and ideologies.

Adigin (1974 :137) indicated that “evidence, abounds to show that the supply of introductory technology teachers is grossly inadequate both in number and quality. Although the literature has shown that there is acute shortage of resources for the teaching of the subject, in other places, it is equally important to ascertain the extent of the factors militating against the performance of students in introductory technology in Cross River State, basically in Calabar Municipal Council Area of the state.

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

After graduation of students studying Introductory Technology from the Junior Secondary School Level of Education, they hardly exhibit simple technological skills; hence they fail in most of the challenges they face while in the labour market. With the lack of knowledge of tools and poor standard workshop arrangement, lack of competent instructor, poor guidance and counseling an vast curriculum, all result to some of the factors militating against the performance of students in Introductory Technology in the Junior Secondary School Level.

The questions addressed are as follows:

1. What effects does the curriculum has on the performance of the students in Introductory Technology?

2. What effects does the available resources for the teaching of introductory technology has on the students?

3. What effects does the motivation of technical teachers have on the performance of students in Introductory Technology?

4. What effects does effective guidance and counseling has on the performance of Introductory Technology Students?

1.3 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

The purpose of the study is to investigate the factors militating against the performance of students in introductory technology at the Junior secondary school level in Calabar Municipal Council Area of Cross River State precisely, the study tend to:

i. Determine the factors responsible for the poor performance of students in Introductory Technology.

ii. Assess the condition of services of technical teachers.

iii. Address the need for students’ guidance and counseling in schools.

iv. Assess the effectiveness and efficiency of introductory technology teachers.

1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The investigations of the study will enable education policy markers in Government, administrators of schools, classroom teachers, industries and the society at large to be aware of the problem of students poor performance introductory technology in the Junior Secondary school level of education, which if not tackled with care can hinder move towards the country’s technological advancement.

The outcome of the study will help technological teachers to adjust and correct their lapses and improve on them efforts made so far for better performance.

Most importantly, students will benefit from the results of this study immensely, in that they will seek proper counseling for purposeful progress in their respective career choice in life.

Finally, the result of this study will be of immense benefit to practicing technical education teachers to be.

1.5 RESEARCH QUESTIONS

1. Do teachers really cover the introductory technology scheme of work?

2. What are the available resources for the teaching / learning of introductory technology in Nigeria secondary schools?

3. What is the rate of utilization of the resources in the teaching /learning of introductory technology for national development?

4. What efforts are being made by school administrators and the Government to encourage technical teachers for effective participation in Nigeria School?

5. What are the effects and relevance of guidance and counseling in Nigeria secondary schools for technological development?

1.6 SCOPE

The work of this study was confirmed to Twelve(12) Secondary Schools in Calabar Municipal Area of Cross River State.

Out of the twelve schools, three are private schools and Nine are government owned secondary schools.

1.8 ASSUMPTIONS OF THE STUDY

With genuine attestation to this study, it was assured that:

i. The respondents’ information gathered are authentic and genuine.

ii. The teachers used in the study are ideal respondents.

iii. The data analysis computation is correct.

iv. The population sample used is large enough to be a representative of the total population with respect to the limited time involved.

FACTORS AFFECTING THE PERFORMANCE OF COMPUTER SCIENCE STUDENTS IN JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL

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FACTORS AFFECTING THE PERFORMANCE OF COMPUTER SCIENCE STUDENTS IN JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL

(A CASE STUDY OF ENUGU NORTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF ENUGU STATE)

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