THE ROLE OF PUBLIC RELATIONS IN ENHANCING CUSTOMERS SATISFACTION IN A GOVERNMENT PARASTATALS

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ABSTRACT

The role of public relations in ENHANCING CUSTOMERS SATISFACTION IN A GOVERNMENT PERASTATTALS (A CASE STUDY) OF THE ENUGU STATE IDATER CORPORATION) is hinged on disclosing the necessity of applying public relations and the role public relations can play in rendering a satisfactory services which will not only retain customer but attract more customers to a government firm.

Accordingly, customer satisfaction has to do with serving the customers in a most respectable and satisfying manner as well as conducting such services in a way he customer like or want according to John Hoepers (1985) “in the free market economy, one gains wealth only through serving the customers best d determined by the opinion of the customers themselves. The researcher has investigated on how the management sees the public relations department of the Enugu state water corporation and what satrapies it has employed in including the satisfaction of the corporations customers and how these strategies have affected the relationship of customers with the government organizations Questionnaires and oral interviews were used by the researcher to obtain data. A total of 150 questionnaires were given to respondents comprising the employee, management and customers of Enugu state water corporation but only 122 questionnaires were returned. The researcher also make use of reluctant and reliable test books written by authors on public relations.

From findings, the researcher was able to observe that the public relations department of the Enugu Sate water corporation is highly regarded and its action ties have contributed to the tremendous growth of the corporation and its suggestions also form the basis of their policies.

Another major observation is that the corporation through the role of the public relations department has adopted and implemented some suggestion made by customers in order to serve them better.

In ending this study, the researcher has made some recommendations both for the growth and progress of the corporation and also for further studies in this area.

The project, for the purpose of easy understanding is divided into five chapter. The first chapter entails the introduction of the topic under study which the second chapter deals with the review of relevant literatures that have been used in this project.

Chapter three deals with the outline of the methodology used where as chapter four contains the analysis and interpretation of the result.

The summary of this work is discussed in chapter five together with conclusion and recommendations for further study.

TABLE OF CONTENT

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

TABLE OF CONTENT

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

• BACK GROUND OF STUDY
• BRIEF HISTORY OF THE ENUGU STATE WATER CORPORATION
• STATEMENT OF STUDY
• OBJECTIVES OF STUDY
• SIGNIFICATION OF STUDY
• RESEARCH QUESTIONS
• HYPOTHESES
• CONCEPTUAL AND OPERATIONAL DEFINITION
• ASSUMPTIONS
• LIMITATIONS
• Theoretical framework

 

CHAPTER TWO

2.0    Literature Review

• The Education of Public Relations
• Towards A Definition of Public Relations
• Operative Parts Of the Above Definitions
• Functions of PR
• The Role of the PR in Customer Satisfaction
• Summary of Literature Review

 

CHAPTER THREE

• Methodology

3.1    Research Method

• Research Design
• Population Size
• Measuring Instrument
• Data Collection
• Data Analysis

CHAPTER FOUR

• Data Analysis and Results

4.1    Presentation of result Employee and Management Questionnaire.

• Presentation and Analysis of Customer Questionnaire

CHAPTER FIVE

• Summary and Recommendation

5.1    Summary of Findings

• Conclusion
• Recommendation
• Appendix
• Bibliography

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

• BACK GROUND OF STUDY

In this are of multifarious organization for production, service or distribution and its subsequent water – tight competition among the concerns, it has become germane for an organization whether profit – oriented or public service type to continually adjust themselves to the needs of the environment in order to survive.

“No man island”. The same is applicable to an organization because no organization can function in isolation from its public that constitute its environment.

The public which constitutes the environment and forms the nucleus of any society has to be pleased and satisfied that an organization has its interest at heart for the organization to survive. There can be no escape in today’s world from the grinding wheels of public attitude. This is the era of “ the public be pleased”. For the obvious reason that every organization is dependent on its public for survival. And public support can only gained of the public are satisfied.

The prevailing notion that “the customer is always right” therefore needs to be treated courteously and respectively has heightened and intensified the relevance of the public relations in to day’s business organization. Subsequently business organizations should not keep away from the pubic, but should maintain a progressive cordial relationship with them.

The public relations role includes how well an organization has been able to elicit the understanding of its customers, which it needs to survive and grow in business.

The nature this relations with customers depend very much on how well the customer are treated and how well they are satisfied with the services of the organization which will invariable affect the reputation of the organization public relations can play an important role in safe guarding a reputation or in establishing a new public image, it can also do valuable work in improving or enhancing methods of communication with existing and potential customers.

An organization needs to be understood so as to fare well in the midst of competition. One way of doing this is to map out a programme of action that is to customer oriented and favourable to the general people. The idea is to establish a solid base and gain a competitive advantage over its competitions. This has given rise to a new business philosophy in which the orientation is to evolve a cluster and value satisfactions such that the targeted public would want to deal with an organization rather than its competitors. This marketing innovation strategy advanced by professor Theodore lavitt aids to form the pillar of public elations.

IMPACT_OF_SOCIAL_MEDIA_ON_MODERN_JOURNALISM

(A STUDY OF JOURNALISTS IN MAKURDI METROPOLIS)

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Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

ATM CARD:  YOU CAN ALSO MAKE PAYMENT USING YOUR ATM CARD OR ONLINE TRANSFER. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR BANKER SECURITY GUIDE ON HOW TO TRANSFER MONEY TO OTHER BANKS USING YOUR ATM CARD. ATM CARD OR ONLINE BANK TRANSFER IS FASTER FOR QUICK DELIVERY TO YOUR EMAIL . OUR MARKETER WILL RESPOND TO YOU ANY TIME OF THE DAY. WE SUPPORT CBN CASHLESS SOCIETY. 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS  LESS THAN 2 HOURS

How to transfer from your bank account to All  Nigeria banks without internet

1. Access Bank:
—-*901#

2. EcoBank:
—-*326#

3. Fidelity Bank:
—-*770#

4. FCMB:
—-*389*214#

5. First Bank
—-*894#

6. GTB:
—-*737#

7. Heritage Bank:
—-*322*030#

8. Keystone Bank:
—-*322*082#

9. Sky Bank:
—-*389*076*1#

10. Stanbic IBTC:
—-*909#

11. Sterling Bank:
—-*822#

12. UBA:
—-*389*033*1#

13. Unity Bank:
—-*322*215#

14. Zenith Bank:
—-*966#

15. Diamond Bank
—-*710*555#

To know your BVN, dial
—-*565*0#.

E.g for First bank…   *894 *Amount *Acct. No. #

Please dail d code from d number u used to register d account from the bank

CALL OKEKE CHIDI C ON :  08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE  YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 2 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.

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CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1	Background of the Study	1
1.2	Statement of the Problem	4
1.3	Objectives of the Study	4
1.4	Research Questions	5
1.5	Research Hypothesis	5
1.6	Scope of the Study	5
1.7	Significance of the Study	5
1.8	Operational Definition of Significant Terms	6
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1	Introduction	7
2.2	Review of Concepts	7
2.2.1	Concept of Social Media	7
2.2.2	Concept of Media	12
2.2.3	Concept of Journalism	15
2.2.4	Concept of Modern Journalism	16
2.3	Review of Related Studies	20
2.4	Theoretical Framework	23
2.5	Summary	25
	vi

 

CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

 

3.1	Introduction	26
3.2	Research Design	26
3.3	Population of the Study	26
3.4	Sample Size and Sampling Technique	27
3.5	Description of the Research Instrument	27
3.6	Validity of Data Gathering Instrument	28
3.7	Method of Data Collection	28
3.8	Method of Data Analysis	28
CHAPTER FOUR: DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
4.1	Introduction	30
4.2	Data Presentation and Analysis	30
4.3	Hypothesis Testing	41
4.4	Discussion of Findings	42

 

CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

 

5.1	Introduction	47
5.2	Summary of Findings	47
5.3	Conclusion	47
5.4	Recommendations	48
5.5	Suggestions for Further Studies	49
	References	50
	Appendix A	52
	Appendix B	53

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

vii

 

List of Tables
Demographic Data Table
Table 1: Demographic Data on Sex	31
Table 2: Age Distribution	31
Table 3: Educational Status	32
Table 4: Marital Status	33
Table 5: Area of Specialization	33
Table 6: Computer Literacy	34
Table 7: Access to Computer	34
Table 8: Internet Access	35
Table 9: Awareness of Social Media Tools	35
Table 10: Ownership of Social Media Account	35
Table 11: Types of Social Networking Sites	36
Table   12:   Frequency   of   Respondents‟36		visit   to
Table 13: Choice of the Best Social Networking Site	37
Table 14: Reason for Choice	37
Table 15: Reason for not making a choice of the available
Social Networking Sites	38
Table 16: Distribution showing how well journalists embrace Social Media as
Part of journalism	39
Table 17: Distribution showing how respondents agree that Social Media have
Changed Journalism	39
Table 18: Reason for Acceptance	40
Table 19: Distribution showing Believability of Social Media to enhance
Productivity of Journalists	41
Table   20:   Distribution   showing   how41		social   me

 

 

 

 

viii

 

Abstract

 

 

The aim of this study was to determine the impact of social media on modern journalism in Makurdi metropolis. To achieve this aim, the survey research method and chi-square were used. Subjects were drawn from journalists in Makurdi metropolis in Benue State, using the purposive sampling technique. Three research questions and one alternative hypothesis guided the study. Research findings showed that social media have enhanced the productivity of journalists in Makurdi metropolis and a great number of journalists use them to source for news among other things. To this end, the researcher recommended that journalists should carry out a research on the available social media tools in order to identify reliable and trustworthy social networking sites and use them to discharge their journalistic duties. The researcher suggested that further studies should be carried out on the role of social media in sustaining democracy, advertising, public relations and public opinion polls.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ix

 

CHAPTER ONE

 

 

INTRODUCTION

 

 

1.1 Background of the Study

 

 

A century and half ago, communication between countries involved physical presence. Once, a reporter had to run as fast as possible back to the newsroom after interviewing and tried to beat the competition to print. With the advent of the digital age the role of the journalist changed. The inception of information communication technology such as the internet has made it possible to find out about events without actually being there. Journalists can report news across the world over the internet.

 

Throughout history, developments in technology and communication have gone hand-in-hand, and the latest technological developments such as the internet have resulted in the advancement of the science of communication to a new level. The process of human communication has evolved over the years, with many path- breaking inventions and discoveries heralding revolutions. The invention of pictographs or the first written communication in the ancient world brought about written communication. These writings were on stone, and remained immobile. The invention of paper, papyrus and wax, culminating in the invention of the printing press in the 15^th century made possible transfer of documents from one place to another, allowing for uniformity of languages over long distances. The latest revolution is the widespread application of electronic technology such as electronic waves and signals to communication, manifesting in the electronic creation and transfer of documents over the World Wide Web ( www.wikipediathefreeencyclopedia.com)

 

Social media which are a form of electronic communication have become the highest activity on the internet. They refer to social networking websites developed to specifically

 

1

 

 

help people share their views and stay in touch with their friends, relatives and well-wishers.According to Wikipedia, social media represents a shift in how people discover, read and share news, information content which brought about the democratization of information, transforming people from content readers into publishers.Social media are also internet sites where people interact freely, sharing and discussing information about each other and their lives, using a multi-media mix of personal words, pictures, videos and audio (Bruce and Douglas; 2008, p.27). In order to broaden our knowledge on the topic of study, a brief history of social media will be discussed below.

 

In the early 1990s, chat rooms and bulletin boards were forms of social media; in that they helped people connect with others and share interests.A little later,dating sites hooked together those looking for partners, and Classmate.com.let people connect with people they had known in high school and college.In the early 2000s, a site called Friendster was set up where people invited their friends to join and in turn, those friends invited other friends.The site was popular for a while but it suffered from technical difficulties and fake profiles and began losing members.Some of those members went to MySpace,which had actually started in 1999 but became better known in 2003.Its roots are a little muddy because it received financial and logistical support from another company called eUniverse, and most of the early users were eUniverse employees but Tom Anderson and Chris DeWolfe are given credit for much of the innovations and success of the site which built up to 115 million users worldwide. Members post bios, photos, blogs, videos, and other things that strike their fancy,

 

and some TV programmes to air on MySpace. In 2005, Rupert Murdoch‟s   News   Corpor

 

(parent of Fox Broadcasting) bought MySpace for 580 million dollars.

 

A competitor to MySpace, Facebook was started in 2004 by Mark Zuckerberg while he was a student at Harvard University; it grew up rapidly about 2007. At first Facebook was solely for college and high school students, but Zuckerberg opened it to everyone and like

 

2

 

 

MySpace, it encourages all types of member postings (Lynn Gross, 2010). Apart from the above mentioned social media tools,there are also others. These include; Twitter, YouTube, BlackBerry Messenger, Flickr, Word Press, Blogger, Badoo, Live Journal, Wikipedia, Type Pad, Second Life, Lulu, and many others. All these social media appear in many forms including blogs and microblogs, forums, and message boards, social networks, wikis, virtual worlds, social bookmarking, tagging and news, writing communities, digital storytelling and scrapbooking, data, content, image, video sharing, podcast portals and collective intelligence.

 

Journalism on the other hand is the deliberate and conscious efforts to gather information, collating and analyzing data for the purpose of informing, educating, and entertaining the people with a view of making an appropriate decision (Qasim Akinreti; 2007). Journalism is also an investigation and reporting events, issues and trends to a large audience. Though there are many variations of journalism, the ideal is to inform the intended audience about topics ranging from government and business organizations to cultural aspects of society such as arts and entertainment. The field of journalism include; editing, photojournalism and documentary (www.Wikipediathefreeencyclopedia.com).

 

1.2 Statement of the Problem

 

 

The impact of social media in today‟s wo cannot be over-looked. Since its arrival social media have certainly changed the way

 

journalists work, how stories are developed and disseminated. Social media have had positive impacts, without doubt, but there are also concerns about their impact on productivity and the

 

disruption it could have on journalists‟ workingmediahave createdpatterns. dependency among those working in the media and many are unable to do without them.

 

CHILDREN AND MASS MEDIA: THE ROLE OF MASS MEDIA IN CHILDHOOD SOCIALIZATION: (A CASE STUDY OF UNIVERSITY PRIMARY SCHOOL ENUGU AND OBIAGU PRIMARY SCHOOL)

 

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Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

ATM CARD:  YOU CAN ALSO MAKE PAYMENT USING YOUR ATM CARD OR ONLINE TRANSFER. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR BANKER SECURITY GUIDE ON HOW TO TRANSFER MONEY TO OTHER BANKS USING YOUR ATM CARD. ATM CARD OR ONLINE BANK TRANSFER IS FASTER FOR QUICK DELIVERY TO YOUR EMAIL . OUR MARKETER WILL RESPOND TO YOU ANY TIME OF THE DAY. WE SUPPORT CBN CASHLESS SOCIETY. 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS  LESS THAN 2 HOURS

How to transfer from your bank account to All  Nigeria banks without internet

1. Access Bank:
—-*901#

2. EcoBank:
—-*326#

3. Fidelity Bank:
—-*770#

4. FCMB:
—-*389*214#

5. First Bank
—-*894#

6. GTB:
—-*737#

7. Heritage Bank:
—-*322*030#

8. Keystone Bank:
—-*322*082#

9. Sky Bank:
—-*389*076*1#

10. Stanbic IBTC:
—-*909#

11. Sterling Bank:
—-*822#

12. UBA:
—-*389*033*1#

13. Unity Bank:
—-*322*215#

14. Zenith Bank:
—-*966#

15. Diamond Bank
—-*710*555#

To know your BVN, dial
—-*565*0#.

E.g for First bank…   *894 *Amount *Acct. No. #

Please dail d code from d number u used to register d account from the bank

CALL OKEKE CHIDI C ON :  08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE  YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 2 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.

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ABSTRACT

 

The study deals on children and mass media use: A study of the vote of mass media use in childhood socialization.

It throws light on one of the most remarkable features in human development. This feature is the transformation of the child from a low, helpless and defenseless infant to a self fending adult, by the process pf socialization.

The study has five chapters which combined to explain better the ideas and evens of socialization of children.

The first chapter laid foundation for other chapters that appeared in this study and gives a general overview of the study in a capsule form.

Chapter two deals on view some textbooks which served as empirical support the various issues raised in the study.

Chapter three deals on the research methodology population size, sample size research design, research instrument and method of data analysis.

In the study the sample size fo100 children from University primary school and Abegg primary school, both n Enugu state were chosen.

Sample random sampling system was used as the selection procedure. However, the research instrument was questionnaire, structured in easy and simples words and short sentences aid understanding.

Chapter four deals on the statistical test of all the five hypothesis for their statistical significance while chapter five only based on conclusion and possible suggestions for further research.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

TITLE PAGE

Approval page

Dedication

Acknowledgement

Abstract

Table of contents

Lists of tables

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

• Statement of problem
• Objective of the study
• Communication problem
• Mass communication and socialization
• The nigerian case
• Significant of the study
• Research questions
• Research hypothesis
• Limitation of the study
• Definition of terms

 

CHAPTER TWO

• Review of literature

Theoretical background

Notes and references

 

CHAPTER THREE

• Research methodology
• Sample technique
• Method of data collection
• Coding
• Method of data analysis

 

 

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0     Data analysis and presentation

4.1     Testing of hypothesis ad interpretation

CHAPTER FIVE

• Conclusion and recommendation
• Caution
• Suggestion for further study

Bibliography

Appendix i – reproduction of questionnaire

Appendix ii – statistical analysis of all the hypothesis

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

                                                

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

In spite of the fact that the invention of the printing press and the introduction of the television did not come as parallel discoveries they have become a potent force in revalorizing men’s ideas and actions.

As the world require new vistas, it becomes more intricate. There is more being done and a consciousness of more to be done, more information needed and more information to be communicated. Modern industrial technology has made possible the reproduction of information on a massive scale. Therotary press the motion picture cameras and he television, all provide a basis for reaching vast audience.

In a more complex world of specialization takes and lessening distances, the ties between a man and his next door neighbour may be less important than those which bind in to fellows of his own profession, hobby or taste.

As the social bonds of traditional community, living have weakened the mass media have created a new set of common interests and loyalties. The broadcast and the print media collectively called the mass media had offered a new kind of shared experience in which millions can laugh at, feel the men thrill s and anxieties and respond to the same heaves.

Mass media operations are possible only where the produced symbols are meaningful.

In a world of standardized goods, it is to be expected that entertainment should be dispensed through impersonal commercial and play that prevail in more simple communities.

With no other form of impersonal communication has sharing f experience been possible on universal scale and to be so intense in degree as with the mass media concern about the possible effect or influence of mass communication upon the opinions and attitudes of men have been prevalent for several decades and has existed in less intense way as have mass media.

The statement that the penis mightier than the sword has been modernized by social observes who have claimed that the mass media are powerful than atomic bomb.

The mass media have particular importance in human history. they are the greatest multipliers of information just as the machines of the industrial revolution were able to multiply human power with others kind of energy.

The significance of the development of printing in the 15^th century was that, it did not only saint the balance from   long centuries of spoken first hand communication towards the sharing of information on a grad scale but more importantly it extended learning beyond privileged .

Wilbur Schramm noted that “ shortly after the development of printing the print media became tools of political and social change.

He argued that the revolution in Europe would have been most impossible without the print media and the development of public school would have equally been impossible.

In contemporary times man’s life and existence have come to depend largely on the media to tell him what is happening in his society ad in the large world, to educate and entertain him. Therefore there is an inexorable march towards a world entirely predicental on mass media communication. The mass media have this become the most powerful communication force created by man.

IMPACT OF ANAMBRA BROADCASTING SERVICE TELEVISION (ABS) BUSINESS LINK PROGRAMME ON THE COMMERCIAL ACTIVITIES OF AWKA RESIDENTS

 

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COMPLETE PROJECT  MATERIAL COST 5000 NAIRA OR $10 , 

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Note: our case study can be change to suit your desire location . we are here for your success.

                                   ORDER NOW

Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

ATM CARD:  YOU CAN ALSO MAKE PAYMENT USING YOUR ATM CARD OR ONLINE TRANSFER. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR BANKER SECURITY GUIDE ON HOW TO TRANSFER MONEY TO OTHER BANKS USING YOUR ATM CARD. ATM CARD OR ONLINE BANK TRANSFER IS FASTER FOR QUICK DELIVERY TO YOUR EMAIL . OUR MARKETER WILL RESPOND TO YOU ANY TIME OF THE DAY. WE SUPPORT CBN CASHLESS SOCIETY. 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS  LESS THAN 2 HOURS

How to transfer from your bank account to All  Nigeria banks without internet

1. Access Bank:
—-*901#

2. EcoBank:
—-*326#

3. Fidelity Bank:
—-*770#

4. FCMB:
—-*389*214#

5. First Bank
—-*894#

6. GTB:
—-*737#

7. Heritage Bank:
—-*322*030#

8. Keystone Bank:
—-*322*082#

9. Sky Bank:
—-*389*076*1#

10. Stanbic IBTC:
—-*909#

11. Sterling Bank:
—-*822#

12. UBA:
—-*389*033*1#

13. Unity Bank:
—-*322*215#

14. Zenith Bank:
—-*966#

15. Diamond Bank
—-*710*555#

To know your BVN, dial
—-*565*0#.

E.g for First bank…   *894 *Amount *Acct. No. #

Please dail d code from d number u used to register d account from the bank

CALL OKEKE CHIDI C ON :  08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE  YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 2 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.   

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE

Click here to download our android mobile app to your phone  for more materials and others

 

 

 

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1	Background of the Study	1
1.2	Statement of Research Problem	6
1.3	Objectives of the Study	7
1.4.	Significance of the Study	8
1.5.	Research Question	8
1.6.	Research Hypotheses	9
1.7.	Operational Definition of Terms	9
1.8.	Assumptions of the Study	10
1.9.	Delimitations of the Study	11
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1	Sources of Literature	12
2.2	Review of Relevant Literature	12
2.2.1 Review of Concepts		12
2.2.2 History of Television and its Development (African/Nigerian Experience		13
2.2.3 History of Anambra Broadcasting Service Television		15
2.2.4 Awka:  An Overview		17

 

 

 

6

 

2.2.5 Effect of Television on Commercial Traders of Awka.			19
2.2.6 Audience Media Perception			21
2.2.7 How ABS Television Business Link Programme Changes Attitudes and Opinions			25
2.3	Theoretical Framework		32
2.4	Summary of Literature Review		33
CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY
3.1.		Research Design	36
3.2.		Area of the Study.	36
3.3.		Population of the Study	36
3.4.		Research Sampling Technique and Sample Size	37
3.5.		Instrument for Data Collection	37
3.6.		Validity of the Instrument	38
3.7.		Method of Data Collection	38
3.8.		Method of Data Analysis	39
CHAPTER FOUR: DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
4.1		Presentation and Analysis of Data	40
4.2		Test of Hypotheses	48
4.3.		Discussion of Findings	52

 

CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

 

5.1	Summary	54
5.2	Conclusion	54
5.3	Recommendations	55
	References	57
	Appendix I	59
	Appendix II	60

 

CHAPTER ONE

 

INTRODUCTION

 

• Background of the Study

 

Most people accept the idea the media can influence people but the degree of that influence as well as who is most impacted, how and why, have been the subject of great debate among communication scholars for nearly a century. Media effects refer to the many ways individuals and society maybe influenced by both news and entertainment. Mass media including film, television, radio, newspapers, books magazines, websites, games and music. Although in this study, the medium used is television.

 

Media effect has been studied by scholars in communication, psychology, sociology, political, science, anthropology, and education among other fields. Many early communication models designed to explain the process of message dissemination were simple-one-way and linear (Shannon and weaver, 1994), positioning the medium or message as the cause and the behavioural, emotional, or psychological response as the effect (Bryant and Thompson, 2002, pp. 4-5). Morden conceptualization, however, typically illustrate a two-way process that is more transactional or interactive in nature in which the message or the medium affects the recipient(s) , but the audience, in turn, influences and shapes the senders.

 

In the early part of the 20^th century, concerns about political propaganda, manipulation by

 

the elite and the rising popularity of the electronic media led to the so theory, which envisaged media message as strong drugs or potent weapon that could have

 

powerful effect on helpless audience ( LA swell, 1991; Lippmann, 1992). However, while

 

 

 

11

 

 

these theories explained some behaviour, they did not account for the different responses individual may have to the same media source. In the 1950s and 60s, empirical research began to uncover the moderating power of predispositions and peer group, concluding that

 

the           media‟s  llimpactofenwasreferredsma   to   as   the   „l

 

1960; Lazars Feld Bergeson, 1998 and Gaudet, 1998). In the 1970s and 80s, prominent scholars begins to look more closely again at the media relationship to knowledge, opinion, attitudes and level of violence, concluding that media effect could be significant in some cases even if not all powerful.. Scholars also came to agree that some vulnerable groups such as children may be more heavily influenced by media than others (Bryant and Thompson, 2002; Mc Combs and Shaws 1994; Mc Luhan, 2000).

 

The above leads to the medium of communication (ABS television) that will be used to influence the behaviour of Awka residents.

 

The         word   television   (TV)   is   derived   from   mi

 

Greek tele, far and Latin Visio, sight. From video, (vis-to-see, or to view in the first person). It is widely used telecommunication used for transmitting and receiving moving images, either monochromatic (black and white) or colour. Usually accompanied by sound. Television has been regarded as a spontaneous, most effective media that can be used to disseminate information with a lasting impression on the minds of the audience. Television has made tremendous effort in broadcasting to the Awka residents because of its audio/video ability which is appealing to the viewer.

 

Awka is a city in Anambra state Nigeria with so many commercial trades. Some of these trades are ignorant of the best method of rendering services to the public. In Nigeria especially in Awka, most ignorant men and women are unaware of the kind of implication

 

 

 

12

 

 

of the kind of business they engage themselves in, that is why the television from the broadcast media was established to put such people in the right path.

 

With the creation of Anambra and Imo state in 1967, Anambra broadcasting service was born. The federal government acquired the television area of the station in 1977, re-baptised it Anambra broadcasting corporation (ABC). The radio wing was left behind, in1982, ABC radio 2 Onitsha was born.

 

Gov. Jim Nwobodo in 1981, established another television station. In 1985, the radio merged with the television with appellation, ABS radio/ TV Enugu. In 1991, ABS could boast of ABS radio 1 Enugu, ABS radio 2 Onitsha, ABS radio 3 FM Enugu, ABS TV channel 5-0 Enugu and ABS channel 2-7 Onitsha.

 

With the creation of the new AnambraEnugu states in 1991, and the subsequent disengagement of the staff on March 16, 1992, the Anambra broadcasting service (RITV) Awka.

 

After the state creation, the first movement was to Ontisha-4 park road- the location of our

 

AM station. From Onitsha, the headquarters in January, 1993. The movement continued to party house, okpuno in January 1994.

 

However, Anambra broadcasting service (ABS) moved to its permanent site on the Enugu/Onitsha expressway in Awka in January, 2002.

 

There are three other operational areas:

 

• The broadcasting house at 4 park road, Onitsha.

 

• The television station at Awada.

 

• The booster station at Enugwu-Ukwu.

 

Anambra broadcasting service transmits on the following frequencies;

 

 

 

 

13

 

Television- ABS TV channel 27 Onitsha, ABS TV channel 24 Awka.

 

With two television and two radio stations, both at Onitsha and Awka, ABS can boast of wide coverage reaching out to neighbouring states e.g. Delta, Edo, Enugu, and Imo and beyond.

 

Even with Anambra broadcasting service (ABS) it is not certain the kind of impact it has on these commercial traders. For instance, Janis and Hovland (1959) discussed various

 

factors associated with „persuasive‟ and s amongst other things, on the prestige of the source, or on the significance of the message

 

for the receiver, or on the attitude of the receiver to the source.

 

Also Kelman (1961) comes closer to this in his analysis of social influence, suggesting that

 

three main processes might be involved in opinion change. One of these   „complianc

 

refers  to  the  acceptance  of  influence  in the  expectation of some  reward  or  to  avoid

 

punishment „identification‟, occurs when a and hence imitates or adopt ization‟,behaviour isaccoin describe influence guided-existingneedsbyand valuesthe. receiver‟s

 

 

The television could affect these traders positively or negatively. Therefore, for positive result, it is the job of the media houses to give well programmed and packaged information to the audience (commercial consumers and he consumer at large). These commercial activities of Awka residents are their major means of survival. So the commercial developmental programmes should be well broadcasted so that it will foster the spirit of hard work and high productivity with the view of arising creativity and inquisitiveness in the people.

 

 

 

 

 

 

14

 

 

Many researcher adopt functional approach to the study of communication process from the perception of the receiver rather than the sender (Wimmer and Dominick, 2003; 407).

 

These researchers base their investigation effect which posits that audience do not take media messages for granted (Tsao and Sibley,

 

2004: 788-87) but is at least.

 

As active as the sender (Fiske, 1990: 151). Fiske Firther argues that the message is what the audience make of it and not what the sender intends.

 

For a successful programme, „programming‟ i to broadcast such material. Programming means determining the kind of programme to

 

make, the belt or slot in which to bring them out, the target audience, the ratio or mix of other programme types in relations to the ones produced, the general objectives of each programme type.

 

In packaging a potent programme, the producer should endeavour to focus more on how the service of the broadcast media are of benefit to the audience rather than concentrating on the product features.

 

Media houses in Awka like Anambra broadcasting service (ABS) has its functions steamed from the understanding that it is the source from which the Awka residents choose what commercial trades suit them best and method of doing the business.

 

Nevertheless, there is no denying the fact that the effect of the television has on the Awka resident is powerful but sometime ineffective because of the location of some of the commercial traders. A recent study conducted show that some commercial traders

 

especially in the rural areas do not have television sets to watch   „ABS   business

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

15

 

 

link programme „while other prefer to get of information from television.

 

 

 

The adoption of the „modus operandi‟ (mode can be seen in the method they use in approaching their business. One great difficulty for researcher is how to measure media effect. thought, emotions or behaviour in ways could be direct or indirect, immediate or delayed,

 

 

fleeting or lasting. It is impossible for scientist to control for all the mediating factors from levels of television consumption to demographics such as age, race, and socio-economic status, to harder to measure variables like environment, upbringing, values and previous experiences.

 

It is envisage that at the end of this study the outcome in formulating and packaging of television programmes for commercial traders, business men and women etc. it will give them the knowledge on the effect of ABS television business link programme on their commercial activities. All above, the study will increase existing and good talk shows on how to develop the commercial activity of Awka residents.

 

• Statement of Research Problem

 

There has been a concerted effort by the Anambra Broadcasting service (ABS) to create a positive impact on the Awka residents concerning their commercial activities for instance,

 

the Awka television station, „Anambra Broa increase the growth of the commercial activities of Awka residents. These Awka residents

 

include the sellers and the consumers of the goods and services. This medium communication (television) helps these people positively by giving them the right feel about a business or commercial activity of Awka.

 

 

16

 

 

Broadcasting programming is a problem in a broadcasting media i.e. Television. According to Olugboji (1997), little attention is paid to producing cultural relevant local programmes that could contribute meaningfully to the development of the society. The television station strives to give broadcasting to Awka residents on what suits them best in terms of the commercial activities.

 

 

 

7

 

Abstract

 

In the dawn of this millennium where communication technologies have taken new and intriguing dimensions, television programmes have taken communication even to a much fascinating plane. The television has made it possible to receive and send information to and from far flung places with the speed of lightening. This study which centres on the effects of ABS television business link programme on the commercial activities of Awka residents at Awka metropolis examined the negative and positive effects of the television programme on the commercial activities of Awka residents. Research methodology used in gathering data and information for the study is questionnaire, presentation of data analysis, testing of hypotheses along with result discussions. The findings revealed that there is a high level of success by the ABS television business link in impacting the desired change in Awka residents and that Awka residents expose themselves to ABS television business link. It recommended that the Government should ensure that ABS television reach those who outside the state so that they can also benefit from it.

 

 

 

 

 

IMPACT OF CHANNEL O MUSICAL PROGRAMMES ON THE CULTURAL BEHAVIOR OF IDAH POLYTECHNIC STUDENTS

 

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PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS  LESS THAN 2 HOURS

How to transfer from your bank account to All  Nigeria banks without internet

1. Access Bank:
—-*901#

2. EcoBank:
—-*326#

3. Fidelity Bank:
—-*770#

4. FCMB:
—-*389*214#

5. First Bank
—-*894#

6. GTB:
—-*737#

7. Heritage Bank:
—-*322*030#

8. Keystone Bank:
—-*322*082#

9. Sky Bank:
—-*389*076*1#

10. Stanbic IBTC:
—-*909#

11. Sterling Bank:
—-*822#

12. UBA:
—-*389*033*1#

13. Unity Bank:
—-*322*215#

14. Zenith Bank:
—-*966#

15. Diamond Bank
—-*710*555#

To know your BVN, dial
—-*565*0#.

E.g for First bank…   *894 *Amount *Acct. No. #

Please dail d code from d number u used to register d account from the bank

CALL OKEKE CHIDI C ON :  08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE  YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 2 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.   

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE

Click here to download our android mobile app to your phone  for more materials and others

 

	TABLE OF CONTENTS
Abstract		x
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1	Background of the Study	1
1.2	Statement of the Research Problem	3
1.3	Objectives of the Study	3
1.4	Research Questions	4
1.5	Research Hypotheses	4
1.6	Significance of the study	5
1.7	Delimitation of the Study	5
1.8	Assumptions of the Study	6
1.9	Limitation of the Study	6
1.10	Operational Definition of terms	6
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1	Sources of Literature	8
2.2	Review of Relevant Literature	8
2.3	Theoretical Framework	16
2.4	Summary of the Literature Review	19

 

8

 

 

CHPATER THREE
METHODOLOGY
3.1	Research Design	20
3.2	Area of the Study	20
3.3	Population of the Study	21
3.4	Research Sample and Sampling Technique	22
3.5	Instrument used for Data Collection	22
3.6	Validity of the Instrument	22
3.7	Method of Collecting Data	23
3.8	Method of Data Analysis	23
CHAPTER FOUR
4.1	Date Analysis and Presentation	25
4.2	Hypotheses Testing	32
4.3	Discussion of Findings	35
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1	Summary	39
5.2	Conclusion	40
6.3	Recommendations	41
6.4	Suggestion for further Studies	42
Appendix		44
References		48

 

9

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ABSTRACT

 

This study probes the impact which TV has on the cultural behaviour of idah polytechnic students. It specifically tackles the impact of channel O musical TV programes on the cultural behavior of idah polytechnic students. The research posits that the current trends in cultural behaviour of youths in Nigeria as observed among idah polytechnic students, kogi state is significantly associated with their perception of western culture and exposure to channel O musical TV programmes. The assumption that foreign media content has direct powerful effects that is shared by optimistic modernization theory. The research applies the theory of acculturation along with the culturation hypothesis. Acculturation of Nigeria youths take place as a result of exposure to western TV (channel O) which influence the perception of TV reality and alters self-image. From the review of related literature, the following hypotheses emerged for testing HI: More exposure to TV will tend to identification of western television stars as models. H2: The improvement of Local TV movies industries will

 

increase Nigerian youths’ preferenceproduct. forResearchlocal T hypotheses 1 and 2 received statistical support from the analysis of

 

collected data using the survey research method for proper analysis, descriptive and inferential statistical tools of measuring data were used in findings of the study, its shows that a positive relationship which means that as television explosive tends to go up, identification with western television stars especially American television stars also tends to go up. It is also confirm that students discard Nigerian norms and values and become manifestly consistently with western behavior in keeping with their perception of cultural values. From the conclusion, the researches of this research problem have shown that youths of Nigeria can confront the problem of channel O musical programmes destroying our cultural values. A policy should be formulated to ensure that only professionals take change of the business of films movies production. Recommendations to check the cultural genocide for further research were preferred.

 

10

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

 

INTRODUCTION

 

 

• Background of the study

 

This study is on Impacts Of Channel O Musical Television Programmes On The Cultural Behavioural Of Federal Polytechnic Students Idah. The term culture has been defined differently by different people. The different definitions attached to culture are based on the differences in the orientation of the people.

 

According to Ekeh (1989), culture is construct used in an attempt to analyze and integrate events and ideas in broad spectrum of areas of society. Jekayinka (2002), states that from wider perspective, culture includes the total repertoire of human action which are socially transmitted from generation to generation. Obiora (2002), says the transformation of culture is gradual and not sudden. He contends that culture is a continuous process of change. It changes exactly the same way as the human being change. It is dynamic, learned, acquired, transmitted or diffused through contact or means of communication flow from generation to another. The Nigerian culture is observed to be fading out as a result of

 

the acceptance and adaptation of the modernist’ underdevelopment. One of such theories which relates to this subtle

 

method of assault international communication is given by Lerner (1956).

 

In his concept of “empathy”, Lernerhird sta world nations must learn to empathize with the West for modern

 

transformation of their societies to be possible. Schramm (1964), on the other hand, developed an interesting model in which he equates the level of social development of communication to various nations. Access to these modern mass media (Radio, Television, films, telephone, and

 

11

 

 

newspapers) is linked to individual modernity. Nigeria and other third world countries have reacted to these finding by inventing a substantial amount of their foreign exchange earnings to import radio and television transmitters and sets. The television programmes especially provide many powerful models for children and abundant opportunities for observational learning.

 

The television programmes include:

 

. Depiction of sex

 

.  Violence

 

. Drug and Alcohol used

 

. Vulgar Language –behaviours that most parents do not want their children to imitate.

 

Studies  (www.encarta.com) have been found by early adolescence that the average Nigerian children have watched thousands of dramatized murders and countless other acts of violence on television. For many years, psychologists have debated the question of whether watching violence on Tv have detrimental effects on children. A number of experiments both inside and outside the laboratory have found evidence that viewing Tv violence is relayed to increased aggression in children.

 

Nigerians as exemplified by trends in Idah Polytechnic, Kogi State where Western exports of television entertainment and information are shown in NTA Idah, ESBS Television, Minaj Channel, Cartoon Network, ESPN –

 

“Expanded Sports programmes Network” ch satellite transmission operators as DSTV, Multi – Choice, Music

 

television, Euro –sports, etc, have raised Nigerians eyebrows to such Western television programmes. Such exposure make students to behave like them, associate with them and even speak like them. Even our generation that is shown on NTA Asaba and the youth perspective on

 

12

 

 

ESBS/TV are presented by youth and replete with music video of Western origin dominated by rape stars as (Late) Tupac, Nicky Minaj, The Game, 50- Cent, Sean Paul, Lil Wayne, Snoop Dogy Dog, etc. It is the

 

researcher’s believe that channel O m American television exports have a stra power the cultural values of Nigerian youths.

 

 

 

• Statement of the research problem

 

Impact of channel O musical television programmes on the cultural behaviour of Idah Polytechnic students have been said to be a serious problem facing Nigerians. Some of these problems are:

 

. Inadequate policy to guard the youths towards Western Tv programmes.

 

. There is an erosion of the cultural values.

 

. The imitation of Western cultures especially the American  cultures.

 

. The Nigerian youths are faced with brain wash.

 

Therefore, if the above problems are not been taking care off, it will lead to a total destruction of the Nigerians culture

 

 

• Objectives of the study

 

The researcher’s objectiveanin-depthresearchis on tothe conduc