IMPACT OF SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO ECOBANK PLC, KADUNA

 

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CHAPTER ONE:

INTRODUCTION

1.1     Background to the Study      –         –         –         –         –         1

1.2     Statement of the Problem    –         –         –         –         –         4

1.3     Objectives of the Study         –         –         –         –         –         5

1.4     Statement of Hypotheses     –         –         –         –         –         7

1.5     Significance of the Study      –         –         –         –         –         7

1.6     Scope of the Study       –         –         –         –         –         –         9

1.7     Limitation of the Study         –         –         –         –         –         9

1.8     Historical Background of Ecobank Plc, Kaduna       –         9

1.9     Definition of Terms     –         –         –         –         –         –         14

CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1     Concept of Corporate Social Responsibility    –         –         16

2.2     Background and Debate in Social Responsibility     –         18

2.3     Social Accounting in Organization          –         –         –         21

2.4     Environmental Management Accounting        –         –         25

2.5     Minimizing the Threats of Social Costs and Liabilities    28

2.6     Social and Environmental Failures        –         –         –         29

2.7     Managing Professional Responsibility through Case Studies        30

2.8     Arguments for and against Social Responsibility    –         31

2.9     Social Responsibility Vs Social Responsiveness       –         36

 

CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1     Research Design          –         –         –         –         –         –         38

3.2     Research Population   –         –         –         –         –         –         39

3.3     Sample Size and Sampling Technique   –         –         –         40

3.4     Method of Gathering Data   –         –         –         –         –         42

3.5     Justification for the Method Used          –         –         –         43

3.6     Method of Data Analysis      –         –         –         –         –         44

3.7     Justification for the Analysis Instrument Used       –         45

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1     Background to the Study

An organization may be profit oriented or non-profit oriented. The fact remains that every organization is made up of four basic resources (i.e. man, material, money and machinery) and its environment.

According to Weirich and Koontz (1987) management is a process of designing and maintaining an environment in which individuals working together in groups, efficiently accomplish selected aims. The term ‘environment’ in this definition refers to both internal and external environment. All organization have a two point agenda to improve qualitative (the management of people and processes) and quantitatively (the impact on society). The second is as important as the first and stakeholders of every organization are increasingly taking an interest in “the other circle” – the activities of the organization and how these are impacting the environment and society.

 

Social responsibility is an ethical ideology or theory that an entity be it an organization or individual, has an obligation to act to benefit society at large. Social responsibility is a duty every individual or organization has to perform so as to maintain a balance between the economy and the ecosystem. The term “corporate social responsibility” (CSR) came into common use in the late 1960s and early 1970s after many multinational corporations formed the term stakeholder meaning those on whom an organization’s activities have an impact. It was used to describe corporate owners beyond shareholders as a result of an influential book by R. Edward Freeman, Strategic Management; a stakeholder approach in 1984. CSR is one of the newest management strategies where organization’s try to crate positive impact on society doing business.

 

Corporate social responsibility which is also known as corporate citizenship, corporate responsibility or corporate social performance is a form of corporate self-regulation which is integrated into a business model. Corporate social responsibility tends to operate as a built-in, self-regulating mechanism under which a business will monitor and ensure its compliance with law, international norms and ethical prescriptions (Institute of Chartered Accountants of Nigeria [ICAN], 2010). A business or organization assumes responsibility for the impact of its activities on the environment. Thus, CSR is a process with the aim to embrace responsibility for the organization’s actions and encourage a positive impact through its activities on the environment, consumers, employees, communities, stakeholders and all the members of the public sphere who may also be considered as stakeholders succinctly a business or organization ahs to proactively promote the interest of the public through voluntarily avoiding activities which are harmful, regardless of legality.

 

According to Business for Social Responsibility, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is defined as operating a business in a manner that meets or exceeds the ethical, legal, commercial and public expectations that society has of business. On the other hand, the European commission hedges its bets with two definitions wrapped into one; CSR is a concept whereby companies decide voluntarily to contribute to a better society and a cleaner environment. A concept whereby organizations integrate social and environmental concerns in their business operations and their interaction with their stakeholders on a voluntarily basis. Each of these definition when reviewed broadly agree that CSR now focuses on the impact of how you manage your core business. However some go further than others in prescribing how far organizations beyond managing their own impact into the terrain of acting specifically outside of that focus to make of contribution to the achievement of broader societal goals.

 

 

1.2     Statement of the Problem

It is quite unfortunate that there is no clear-cut definition of what corporate social responsibility (CSR) comprises. Every organization ahs different CSR objectives, though the motive is the same. But it becomes more complex and depicts a key difference, when many business managers (leaders) feel that their organizations are ill-equipped to pursue broader societal goals, and activists argue that organization have no democratic legitimacy to take such roles.

Critics have argued that corporate social responsibility distracts from the fundamental economic role of business, others argue that it is nothing more than superficial window-dressing; others argue that it is an attempt to pre-empt the role of government as a watching over powerful tricorp corporations. Therefore, a trade off

 

 

 

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THE IMPACT OF KADUNA INTERNATIONAL TRADE FAIR ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE NIGERIAN ECONOMY

 

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ABSTRACT

The research on “The Impact of Kaduna international trade fair on the development on Nigerian economy” under taken to ascertain the Impact of the Kaduna trade fair on the economy of Nigeria, however, the aims or objectives of the research is to find out: what effect does Kaduna trade fair have on Nigerian economy. Among the research instruments used was questionnaire to collect data or information which was analyzed. Based on the arithmetic means population, it was discovered from the data analyzed that trade fair have effect on Nigerian economy. In conclusion, the researcher recommended that Kaduna international trade fair was seen as an instrument for the development of the Nigerian economy.

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter one: Introduction

• Background of the study – –       –       –       –       –       –       1
• Statement of the problem –       –       —      –       –       –       3
• Objective of the study –       –       –       –       –       –       –       4
• Significance of the study – –       –       –       –       –       –       4
• Research questions –       –       –       –       –       –       –       5
• Scope of the study –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –         5
• Limitations of the study –       –       –       –       –       –       –       6
• Definition of terms –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –         6

CHAPTER TWO:LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1    Introductions        –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       8

2.2   Review of Trend

2.3    The evolution of Trade fair in Nigeria

2.4    Types of trade fair

2.5    The objectives of Kaduna international trade fair

2.6    effect of trade fair on economic growth

2.7    Trade fair as an instrument of development in Nigeria

 

 

CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHOLOGY

3.1    Introduction         –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       45

3.2    Research design   –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       45

3.3    Area of study       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       46

3.4    Population of the study  –       –       –       –       –       –       –       46

3.5    Sample size and sampling technique –       –       –       –       –       46

3.6    Instruments of data collection –       –       –       –       –       –       47

3.7    Validation of instrument          –       –       –       –       –       –       –         47

3.8    Reliability of the instrument     –       –       –       –       –       –       47

3.9    Method of data collection        –       –       –       –       –       –       48

3.10  Method of data analysis –       –       –       –       –       –       –       48

CHAPTER FOUR: Data presentation and analysis

4.1    Introduction –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       50

4.2    Characteristic of respondents  –       –       –       –       –       –       50

4.3    Data presentation and analysis        –       –       –       –       –       –         53

4.4    Summary of findings   – –       –       –       –       –       –       –       57

4.5    Discussion of findings   –        –       –       –       –       –       –       58

 

CHAPTER FIVE: Summary of findings, conclusion and recommendations

5.1    Summary of findings      –       –       –       –       –       –       –       59

5.2    Conclusion   –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         59

5.3    Recommendation –        –       –       –       –       –       –       –       60

References –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       62

Appendix    –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       64

 

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

• BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

In any economy, the impact of trade fair can not be over emphasized as it play a vital role in the over all economic, social and industrial development of a nation economy. Trade fair is a periodic gathering of manufactures and producers of goods and service exhibiting their latest products for promotional and sale purposes, but it has been hijacked by Nigeria wholesale and retailers and turned into a show of already exhibiting goods for their selfish aim of selling at an exorbitant price and making as much profit as they could.

 

Kaduna as well as the other states of Nigeria are blessed with basic natural resource and intellectually that can make any geographical unit great. But however it is very unfortunate that most of these resources and intellects are yet to be harnessed and utilized. As much that trade fair show should come to play it should be a show that could identify, help to tap and develop these resources to mark an enviable and cohesive economy.

The researcher is therefore out to find out how Kaduna international trade fair has affected the economy of Nigeria.

 

1.2   HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF KADUNA INTERNATIONAL TRADE FAIR

Kaduna international trade fair is the most important annual events in the calendar of Kaduna chamber of commerce and industry, the events which was first of it kind started as domestic fair emphasing on agricultural sector in 1974 on a biannual basis the event continued until 1978 respectively in1979 the trade became internationally organized on annual basis, the firs Kaduna international trade fair was held in February 1979 at Murtala Mohammed square where a total of 205 exhibitors participated, from that period, the event continued to grow bigger providing avenue for:

1. The provision and encouragement of development of industries and industrial inputs.
2. The promotion of all aspects of economic sectors through national and international co-operation
3. The provision of access to research finding new technologies and ideas for actualization by industrialist and policy in when is through face to face interaction.
4. The creation of conducive atmosphere between Nigeria and other nation for joint venture project in all facet of the economy.
5. The provision of channel through which the government policies and programmes are made know and consequently attract international and local investors.

 

• STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

the Kaduna trade fair, both domestic and the international trade fair are about thirty eight years old today with the Kaduna international trade fair celebrating 34^th years anniversary last march 2008.

As old as it seems to be, Kaduna trade fair is embedded with the following problems

1. The inability of the organizers to enlighten other state of the federation to participate in the fair so as to show case their potentialities.

 

 

 

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IMPORTANCE OF PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT IN THE MARKETING OF A FIRM’S PRODUCT

 

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ABSTRACT

Today is technologically driven world, the importance of innovation and product developing is growing. Firms must develop innovation products faster and more efficiently. This has increased the importance of product development performance. This work attempts to quantity development of effort and lead-time based on product and project characteristics through the use of a generative cost model.

 

The model developed in this essay writing development cost using direct engineering effort along wit indirect project costs. These cost are then compared with fabrication and assembly cost. The effects of product platforming on development and cost are analyzed.

 

The relevance of product innovations and new product development for the competitive performance of firms and for the long-time economic growth is known and recognized. This essay aims to highlight the meaning, classification and organizing of the new product development, the product development process, it marketing strategies are also explained. It is clear that product development in the marketing of a firm is very important.

 

This essay has the objectives of assessing the relevance of product innovation and new product development for the effective performance of a firm. In developing new products, the firm stands to satisfy its customers. At the end the summary, conclusion and recommendations are given.

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

1.0     Introduction        –         –         –         –         –         –         –

1.1     Objectives of the Essay         –         –         –         –         –

1.2     Significance of the Essay      –         –         –         –         –

1.3     Objectives of the Essay         –         –         –         –         –

1.4     Delimitation of the Essay     –         –         –         –         –

1.5     Limitation of the Essay        –         –         –         –         –

CHAPTER TWO

         Literature Review

2.0     Introduction        –         –         –         –         –         –         –

2.1     The Concept of Record Management      –         –         –

2.2     Importance of Effective Records Management         –

2.3     Types of Electronic Filing System Available   –         –

2.4     Managing Records in an Electronic Office       –         –

2.5     Manual Filing and Methods –         –         –         –

2.6     Effective Management Records     –         –         –         –

2.7     Summary of Literature         –         –         –         –         –

CHAPTER THREE

Summary, Conclusion and Recommendations

3.0     Introduction        –         –         –         –         –         –         –

3.1     Summary   –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –

3.2     Conclusion –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –

3.3     Recommendations       –         –         –         –         –         –

References –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –

 

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

1.0     Introduction

1.1     Background of the Essay

Product is the most important in the marketing mix around which other activities resolved (the rest of the element), by a firm product, this means anything that can be offered to a market for attention acquisition use or consumption that might satisfy wants or needs.

A product includes physical, objectives, service, persons, organization and ideas. Managing a product ingredient include planning and development of the right product and service to be marketed by the company. Guidelines needed for changing products:

1. Decisions are needed regarding to branding, quality, packaging, styling and other various product features.
2. New product development is broad and tedious it goes beyond the physical components of a particular product and it deals with all factors of satisfaction.

• New product development of a firm is an act that any firm that cannot offer to afford if it wishes to remain in business and it can only achieve thus objective with a steady flow of (new) product.

1. New product plays a critical role in the company’s desire for survival and well-being. Their development account for a high profession. Product plays significant role in growth and continuity of a business.
2. New product is import to be able to meet instability of competition on the market.
3. New product are necessary since the demand for goods is not constant, a company cannot rely only its existing product. Customers want and expects new product and improved product as market widens to that people tend to become selective in buying.

• Gives rapid change in consumer taste, technology and competitions, companies must develop a steady stream of new product and services.

A firm can obtain new products in two ways. One is through “acquisition” by buying a whole company a patent, or a license to produce some one else’s product. The other is through “product development”. In the company’s owe research development department as the cost of developing major new products. Many large companies have acquired existing brands rather than creating new ones. Others firms have saved money by copying competitors brands or by reviving old brand. Under the new approach various company development work closely together,

 

 

 

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THE RELEVANCE OF FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT TO BUSINESS GROWTH

 

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ABSTRACT

The prerequisite for this extended essay is to know the relevance of financial management to business growth in Nigeria. Financial management is relevant to business growth for a well balanced operation, as business in Nigeria are made up of small, medium and large scale enterprises need financial management to operate well. The ultimate aim of financial management is to plan and forecast the profit making and sourcing of funds for business growth.

 

Money is needed in financial management and used in making plan work. It serves as a measuring device that can be used in measuring the plan in terms of naira, and outsiders such as bankers and other lenders, will do the same. In starting new business or expansion, loan is required. The burden of proof in borrowing money is upon the borrower.

You have to show the banker or other lenders how the money borrowed will be used and more important how and when you will repay back the loan. The extended essay also look at budgeting, as organization, whether economic, social or political makes plan for an organization.

Without plan there is no longer an organization but an uncoordinated assortment of individuals. Some business owners/managers carry plans in their head, some make rough estimates on their business others express their plans in orderly and systematic manner.

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

1.0     INTRODUCTION

The financial function has always been important in business management. Irrespective of differences in structure, ownership and size, the financial organization of the enterprise ought to be capable of ensuring that the various finance functions: budgeting and controlling are carried out with the highest degree of efficiency. The profitability of any business depends largely upon the manner the financial functions are performed and related to other business function.

 

During the developing stage, financial management involves only the obtaining of funds to finance the business, overtime, financial function has increased in its scope to include not only the planning of finance, but incorporate the management and control of the available resources within the firm. This also involves the external generation, flow and uses of funds and, the study and evaluation of the capital market.

When talking of the capital market, its operations within the economy cannot be over emphasized. Thus, the demand for and supply of funds for business organizations, become a fundamental management function. Therefore, financial management play an important role both in increasing operational efficiency within the firm and allocating funds to productive or investable sector within and outside the organization.

These functions can only be achieved when there is proper planning and controlling, coordinating and other elements of management combined effectively with the finance function.

 

 

1.2     Historical Background

Jomfol Investment Company Nigeria limited was incorporated in 1989. The main business of the company as contained in the memorandum and Articles of association amongst others is to carry on business as farmers, farm developers Livestock and poultry business, fisheries hatchery, producers and process or grains and all manners of crops, manufacturer of Livestock feed and concentrates etc.

 

The nature of the business activities includes; – manufacture, distribution and sales of poultry feeds and poultry raw materials and other related activities.

 

The raw materials concerns in the providing these activities includes; maize, soya beans, Soya cake, groundnut beans, and cake, wheat brain, maize brain, sorghum, palm kernel cake, spent grain, Bone meal, Fish meal, cottonseed cake, methionine, lysine, premixes, salt etc.

 

Finance has a big impact on business growth, as such, balance is important. Finance is one of the most important functions of any business. Not only is finance a good indicator of the health of the company overall, but it also holds an important role in managing business growth.

 

Weather growth is attributable to a larger market capitalization, and increase employee, a new location, a new product or service offering, or a new demographic, finance is the enable of such opportunities. Business success is about growth.

 

There are still growth opportunities in emerging markets and in the changing advantage of these opportunities is a key goal of the whole management team, including most importantly the financial managers and their teams.

 

Almost every organization requires professional financial management, and this increasing need will prompt a steady growth in demand for financial management graduates. From Chief Financial Officer (CFO) to each controller, there are a wide range of career choices available.

 

Effective financial management is critical for efficient business operations, so well trained, experienced financial managers with a strong grasp of the operations of all departments within their organization are value for promotion to top management positions.

 

 

1.2     Objective of the Essay

1. This essay attempts to provide an orderly framework for financial appraisal in small business management.
2. It is aimed at inquiring on how Government has contributed to the progress of business activities.
3. Inquire the possible causes of uncontrolled cash and management of resources, the techniques methods of evaluation and performance of financial policies, method being used in business organizations.

 

1.3     Statement of Problem

Financial management is a feature, which govern the whole process of organizational management. Emphasis is often on planning and control used within an organisation to strengthen area of potential weakness or to capitalize on more effective opportunity for the business. The purpose of undertaking this study is to identify the important role financial management practice can help in managing an organisation to greater height.

All organisations, be it public or private

 

 

 

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AN ANAYSIS OF THE USES AND ABUSES OF PUBLIC RELATION IN MANAGEMENT IN SELECTED NIGERIA BUSINESS ORGANIZATION

 

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abstract

 

This research, which is limited to Enugu metropolis, undertook a credit analysis of the uses and abuses of relation in management in selected Nigeria business organization.

The main objectives were

–         To examine the relevance of public relation in modern business           management to find out if the public relation is practiced as a top           management function in the companies under study.

–         To examine the effectiveness or ineffectiveness of the public relations strategies employed by managers in the companies under study

–         To find out the attitude of other managers and employees in the companies to public relations.

–         To find out the level of acceptance or un-acceptance of public relation as a management function in the companies under study.

–         To identify and analyse the uses and abuses of public organization.

–         To make appropriate recommendation.

The research questions were.

–         What is the relevance of public relations to modern business management.

–         Is public relations being practiced as a top management function?

–         How do other managers and employees perceive the job of public relations?

–         Do the management of companies under study recognize the importance of public relations?

–         What are the specific uses of public relations in these organization

Our data were sourced from ANAMMCO Ltd and NITEL ltd.  All in Eniugu metropolis and subjected to sophisticated statistical tests.

This leads tot the following findings among others.

–         Public relations are relevance t modern business management

–         Public relations as practices by management in the organizations as under study are not abused.

–         Other managers and employees in the organization are favorably disposed to public relations

–         the level of acceptance of public relations as a management function in the companies under study is high.

–         All these suggests that all business big or small, should create mutual understanding between her publics and  the organization through the activities of he public relations department to enhance growth and development.

 

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

• BACKGROUND OF PUBLIC RELATION
• STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
• RESEARCH QUESTIONS
• OPBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
• SCOPE OF THE STUDY
• SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
• LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
• IMPORTING OF PUBLIC RELATION
• DEFINITION OF TERMS
• REFERENCE

 

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

• ORIGIN OF PUBLIC RELATION
• DEFINITION OF PUBLIC RELATION
• PUBLIC RELATION AND PUBLICITY
• PUBLIC RELATION AND MARKETING
• PUBLIC RELATIONS PUBLICS
• THE PUBLIC RELATION PLANS
• THE MEDIA OR PRESS RELATION
• PUBLIC RELATION AND MANAGEMENT
• PUBLIC RELATION AND BUSINESS
• PUBLIC REALTION AND THE SOCIETY
• PROFESSIONAL GUIDELINES ON THE ETHNICS OF BUSINESS
• RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
• SUMMARY OF FINDING
• REFERENCE

 

CHAPTER THREE

3.0     METHOD OF COLLECTNG AND ANALYSIS

• PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA
• RECOMMENDATION
• CONCLUSION
• REFERENCE
• BIBLIOGRAPHY

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

 

1.0     INTRODUCTION

Information has to be presented to the public about organizational or industrial products and services.  As a result the use of public relation in business management is a necessity. To enhance business growth, a firm or an industry should ensure proper image and goodwill. An industry or organization that maintains its reputation  before the public is likely to see its goods and or services workers will also seek  to work in such firms, just as investors will seeks to buy its shares.

 

Rex Harlow of San Francesco USA gave one of  the most comprehensive definitions of public relations.  According to him public relations is a distinctive management function which helps to establish and maintain mutual line of communication, understanding, acceptance and co-operation between an organization and its publics.

 

There fore, for the fact that no business or organization is an Island, that is, can properly exist without public support, public understanding or interest should be adequate sought for.

 

According to Ewrneth (1984) “A public exists whenever a group of people is draw together by definite interest in certain areas and has definite opinions upon matters within those areas “The public should be given proper attention, because their opinion may make or mar any business organization.

 

The public attitude towards on organization is another dimension to understand public relation.

Public relation is the management factions that evaluate public attitude, identifies the policies and procedures of an individual or an organization with the public interest and plans and executes a programme of action to earn public understanding and acceptance.

 

An attitudinal definition was given by the public relation News of York. Based on the definition, is obvious that  a business cannot exist without the existence of consumers who patronize it.  There fore, need exists for an effective communication and adequate information on the products or service of a company to e carefully, precisely and constantly disseminate to the publics, whose opinion can affect the organization either positively or negatively, depending on the perception by that public this is to ensure consumer orientation. To enhance good business management, a  good public relations department should act according to public interest. As a managerial function public relation practitioner should be vigorously involved in management decision making.

 

They should be involved in coordinating various departments.  Marketing, personnel, purchasing, engineering, accounting and so on to ensure optimum production and service in the organization.  This ensure that the good image of the firm is maintained among the populace.  Dissemination of information and co-ordination of various department are necessary because every department may not be free to read and search for information in and outside the organization environment.  Source will elevate the corporate image and ensure business growth.

 

 

1.1     BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The Nigerian telecommunication ltd (NITEL) is a federal government owned company that provides public telecommunication service in Nigeria.  The company was set-up in 1985 as an amalgamation of the telecommunication division of the defunct P & T department and the Nigeria, external telecommunications limited (NET). NITEL has staff strength of about twelve thousand (12,000). It operates a three-tier organizational structure, ie. corporate  headquarters, six zonal and thirty nine territorial administrations, a system that enhances decentralization.

 

NITEL was fully commercialized under the privatization and commercialization policy of the federal government.  The main objective of the company is to provide an efficient, reliable and cost effective telecommunication services nation wide and internationally Other services provided by the company are INMARSAT service, Network paying service, audio mail  services, internet services and line billing.

Mercedes-Benz ANAMCO is a joint venture between the federal government of Nigeria and Daimler-Benz AG/Mercedes-Benz AG of company.

 

 

1.2     STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

As population grows and organization expands, there is an increasing need to know the uses of public relations in business management.  This will induce greater productivity and economic growth and develop

 

 

 

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