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Business Administration Project Topics And Materials preview To Nigeria Students

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PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL AS A TOOL FOR ENHANCING ORGANIZATIONAL PRODUCTIVITY

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PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL AS A TOOL FOR ENHANCING ORGANIZATIONAL PRODUCTIVITY

 

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CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1     BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

In any evaluation of the condition necessary for the growth and survival of an organization, the role of performance appraisal is a strategic factor. It is believed that both the individual and the organization need to know how well actual performance is contributing to the accomplishment of the job plans, the staffing plan, and ultimately the overall strategic plan of the organization. In addition, the individual employee requires feedback relative to his or her own goals development, as well as that relative to management’s expectations.

 

Performance appraisal is a formal and systematic assessment of an employee to determine the degree to which the employee is performing his/her job effectively. It is usually made in a prescribed manner of specific intervals such as quarterly, bi-annually or even annually. Each employee at one time or the other wants his immediate boss or more still his employer to assess his on-the-job performance, and where necessary give him guidelines or advice for improving his efficiency.

 

An effective performance review system serves these general purposes. In other words, as Nwachukwu (1985) puts it, “the essence of performance appraisal is to give information for the promotion, demotion, transfer, pay increase, training and development and discharge of an employee”.

 

Secondly, it provides employees with constructive on how they are performing in their jobs as viewed by their managers, thus leading to increased productivity.

Therefore, in any organization, manpower remains the most prominent and the most valuable assets among other factors of production. It is this reason performance appraisal is given recognition as a tool to improve organizational activities.

 

 

1.2     STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Since the study seeks to examine performance appraisal as management tool for increased productivity in Union Bank Nig Plc. It therefore attempts to identify various employee appraising techniques, some common appraisal problems and how proper performance appraisal can enhance increased productivity in Union Bank Nig Plc.

 

 

1.3     OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The purpose of writing this project is to investigate into how performance appraisal can enhance increased productivity in Union Bank Nig Plc. The study will among other things try:

  1. To find out the various performance appraisal techniques used.
  2. To examine the implications of performance and productivity.
  • To provide bases for reward employees in relations to their contribution to the organization.
  1. To identify some common appraisal problems of employees and how proper appraisal can enhance increased productivity.
  2. To make some used recommendations to management.

 

 

 

1.4     STATEMENT OF HYPOTHESIS

A hypothesis is a conjectural statement of relationship between two or more variables. They are always in declarative sentence form, and they relate either generally or specifically, variable or variables. They are particularly necessary in the studies of this nature where cause and effect…

 

 

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Political leadership and underdevelopment in Nigeria.

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Political leadership and underdevelopment in nigeria.

(a study of babangida’s  administration)

 

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Table of Contents

Chapter one                                                

1.0    introduction                                                         1

1.1    background of study                                    1

1.2    statement of the problem                                     6

1.3    purpose of the study                                    7

1.4    significance of the study                                       8

1.5    research questions                                      9

1.6    scope of the study                                                10

1.7    limitation of the study                                          10

1.8    definition of terms                                                12

 

Chapter two

Literature review

  • Historical background                              14
  • Character of the leadership 23
  • Structure of military government 36
  • Achievement of military government          37
  • Reason for military intervention 39
  • Process of return to civil rule 40
  • Summary of literature review 41

 

Chapter three

3.0    research design and methodology                        44

3.1    design of the study                                      44

3.2    area of the study                                          45

3.3    population of the study                               45

3.4    sample size and sampling techniques                  46

3.5    instrument for data collection                              47

3.6    reliability and validation of instrument                48

3.7 distribution and retrieval of the instrument             48

  • Method of data analysis                      49

 

Chapter four

4.0    data presentation and analysis                            50

4.1    data presentation                                                 50

4.2    data analysis                                                        50

4.3    discussion/analysis of findings

 

Chapter five                                                  

5.1    summary of finding, conclusion and recommendation                                                     58

  • Conclusion                                          59
  • Recommendations                                             61

References                                                            64

Appendix a                                                           66

Appendix a                                                           67

        questionnaire                                                69

 

Abstract

A cursory glance at the economic conditions of nigeria will reveal that underdevelopment has persisted in spite of independence and abundant resources available in the contrary. The cardinal question is why has nigeria not developed given years in independence and abundant human and material resources especially during gowon through babangida’s regime. This work examines underdevelopment in nigeria vis-à-vis political leaders focusing on ibrahim babangida’s administration. Considering the crucial position of leadership in any nation. The researcher persists that the problem of nigeria underdevelopment cannot be understood, or development attained without a redical change in the parasitic and exploitative character of political leadership in nigeria. The persistence of underdevelopment can be attribute to the character of nigeria political leads. The solution of which is by implementation of different kind of underdevelopment, the researcher also focused on the babangida’s administration. 210 which is 20% of total population of 240 copies was used. Data collected using questionnaire and the analysis of data was done by the use of simple percentage. The findings proved that babangida’s administration were not properly motivated and understood the political leadership.

 


Chapter one

  • Introduction

1.1  background of the study

this work examines underdevelopment in juxtaposi with political leadership focusing on general ibrahim babangida’s administration with a view to x-raying the impact of political leadership in the underdevelopment of nigeria.

this project will be centered on two variable underdevelopment and political leadership, underdevelopment as used in this project does not imply absence of development but as uncomparative term as a means of comparing levels of development (ofiong 1980:10). According to aja akpaura (1998:48) under-development means: a relative condition in which a society lacks autonomous capacity to control and mobilize socio-economic formation for a sustainable economic growth and development necessary to effect physical mental, material and technological fulfillment without dependence on external stimuli.

abali (2001:30), in his scholastic ingenuity view under-development as a situation in which the institution of a country in the periphery of international capitalism dependent relations with other countries at the centre of the internal economy. It is the subsidization of internal economy and political forces from the centre.

Underdevelopment implies lack of autonomy and its meaning characterized by poverty by some scholars for a country to be underdeveloped means that the economic potentials of the country or regime has not been fully develop. Desire for independent were socio-economically underdeveloped, because of imperial documentation and control of our governmental, economic and which by implication means expectation that we would become develop with independent (aka 1981:88). Before the arrival of ibrahim badamosi babangida’s administration nigeria has witness five military government and one civilian government which is alhaji shehu shagari’s government. Babangida’s administration came as a result of when he overthrown the government of major gen, mohammed buhari on 27th august 1985. This young man assume office without wasting time he adopted the title “president” instead of the usual head of state, when babangida ushered in  as a president of nigeria people thought that the messiah the need has come not knowing that the administration will record little or no achievement. The researcher is not trying to say that babangida’s government did not record any achievement so far, but for we to evaluate the long stay of this very government you discover that the people of the country witnessed more underdeveloped period than development. Because babangida assumed office as the 6th military head of state on 27th august 1985 stepped aside 29th august 1993.

the reason why the researcher is trying to use babangida’s administration in nigeria because this administration neglected the agricultural sector

Which was the main stay of our economy and faced the (oil well). Babangida’s administration usher in and forget what was her mission and face the so called oil, babangida accused the former government of negligence in agricultural section detaining politician news men and women whom criticize   the government and not creation of job opportunities to the people of the country. So this administration came and forgets what brought him to seat and face the money from oil. Babangida’s administrations leave the country to poor socio-economic development and left the masses in an untold hardship, frustration and anger. Irrespective of long stay on  seat as the president. His deceptive attempts to hand over power from 1990 to 1992 and then 1993, he was forced to step aside. Then failure to hand over to chief mko abiola these was seen as an abuse of people’s mandate.

 

1.2  statement of problem

The nigeria nation is beclouded by the menace of under-development. This has resulted to economic hardship and social miscarriages on the citizenry. “nigeria are having rough time, there is uncontrollable inflation, there is retrenchment, unemployment, factory closure caused by drastic deform in investment and divestments. Moreso, there is a sharp decline in the purchasing power and value of the naira, coupes of social service, low capacity utilization of industries and jobs security nigerians are leaving below poverty line. Nigeria’s position as an under-developed nation has not changed even with flow of money from oil (ikejani clark 1995:132)

the above have become a bone of contention. The researcher hence intends to find out why under-development has persisted so many years after un-dependence in the presence of abundant human and material resources available to the government. Also with standing that nigeria has series of leaders and leadership positions both civilian.

 

1.3  purpose of study

  1. To examine the ways political leadership contributed to the under-development of nigeria amidst the abundant natural and human resources available.

Ii.     To ascertain if there is any way underdevelopment would be ameliorated considering the nigerian situation presently.

Iii.    To find out the problems militating against the leadership in nigeria in their efforts to shun the underdevelopment which is in its persistence.

 

1.4  significance of study

The researcher through this project intends to put forwards the contribution of political leadership to the under-development of nigeria. It stands to prove the importance and the indispensable of the political leadership on proffering solution to under-development of nigeria. It will then equip us with the machinery of taking these short comings and providing solutions to its problems.

The relevance of this study will not be over-emphasized as it serves as a tools for further researches and students of this field.

1.5  research questions

Having seen that there is no way the under-development of nigeria will be discussed or viewed without taking cognizance or understanding the issue of political leadership which is one of the distracting factors in the system. The researcher haven divide into this is now posing the following questions.

  1. In what way has the political leadership contributed to the under-development of nigeria amidst the abundant natural and human resources available?
  2. Is there any way under-development could be ameliorated considering the nigeria situation presently?
  3. What are the problems militating against the leadership in nigerian in their efforts to curb the under-development which is in its persistence.

 

1.6  scope of the study

Any study or problems embark on is targeted on giving or extracting information from a particular environment and administration.

this study is expected, if handled well to cover the administrative apparatus or babangida’s administration and over view of underdevelopment and political leadership. Not all the administration will be covered to have a focus of our study.

 

1.7  limitation of the study

        for effective and efficient exploration of any course there must be potentials set back. If the course of carrying out the study the researcher was faced with a lot limitations. The identifiable ones are as follows; time: time is one of the limitation in the study of this work.

in the first place, as this research work was carried out at student’s level the researcher has to apportion his time such that the demand for other courses could be met.

availability of research materials, there was no sufficient materials in the library to bring up facts, that will be useful in the course of the study. Again the library accommodation was so small that it only contains few students.

Cost:

the cost of transportation was one of the impediments. It was not of place you know about it that transporting myself from one location to another in a bid to collecting materials for the project was one of the hindrance and limitation.

Respondents:

the respondent did not help matters at the initial stage, my respondent were afraid to fill the questionnaire items. It becomes a difficult task for the researcher to convince them with enough reasons why it is necessary for them to fill in the gaps.

 

1.8  definition of terms

Scholastic: it’s connected with schools and education

Characterized: to describe or show the qualities or features of some thing.

Administration: the activities that are done in order to plan, organize and run a business school or other institution.

Oil well: a hole made in the ground to obtain oil.

Socio-economic: this is the use of economics in the study of the society.

 

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COMMUNICATION AS A MAJOR TOOL IN DIRECTING FUNCTION OF MANAGEMENT

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COMMUNICATION AS A MAJOR TOOL IN DIRECTING FUNCTION OF MANAGEMENT

(A CASE STUDY OF NIPOST ORGANIZATION, ENUGU)

 

 

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ABSTRACT

 

The purpose of this research project is to reveal communication as a major tool in directing Functions of management, both primary and secondary data were used to elicit information from the sample studied the primary source of data were response from questionnaire and personal interview, while secondary source were form text-books on communication and periodicals.

One hundred questionnaires were distributed to the sample of the staff and management of the organization. There were ninety percent returned and 10% unreturned.

The study revealed that there is no effective channel of communication in the organization.

The investigation reviled that also that the organization takes grapevine information very important.

The researcher finally made a far researching recommendation which includes that there should be an effective channel of communication in the organization.

The researcher also recommends that the junior staff should be given chance to communicate face to face to discuss their problems.

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER ONE:

INTRODUCTION

  • General Background to the Subject Matter
  • Problems Associated with the Subject Matter
  • Problems that the Study will be Concerned with
  • The importance of Studying the Area
  • Definition of Important Terms
  • Reference

 

 

CHAPTER TWO:      

    LITERATURE REVIEW

 

  • The origin of the Subject Matter
  • Schools of Thought Within the Subject Area
  • The School of Thought Relevant to the Problem of Study
  • Different Methods of Studying the Problem
  • Summary
  • References

 

CHAPTER THREE:      CONCLUSION

  • Data Presentation
  • Analysis of the Data
  • Recommendation
  • Conclusions

CHAPTER ON

INTRODUCTION

Communication is basic to the existence and survival of any human organization.

As a fundamental tool in management, it has been a primary concern to administrators in all-human institutions, be it business, military, government, education, hospital, research and so on. Whenever there are two or more persons working towards the achievement of set objectives or goals, success will naturally not to achieve if the importance of communication is neglected.

Danyer, (1972) defined management as “being concerned with the direction and control of an enterprises and involves planning and directing of the work of others”. These managerial function cannot be successfully carried out in the absence of a good communication network.

Peter 1955 (pg.112) in his book entitled “The practice of management” pointed out that “ a manager can only make his objective effective by communicating then to the subordinates whose performances required to attain then. He further emphasized that not do decisions have to be made, but they have to be communicated to whom it is meant to know what is expected of then.

In his own contribution, Chese (1984:p.78) postulated that “there is an increasing need for effective employee communication system if the firm is to achieve success?  He explained that” management is realizing that in order to maintain output for the firm, communication channels in the firm must be modern, effective and as humanly personal as possible”

The impact of communication in business organization and or on human being is very enorious. Communication consists for more than telling people things or what to do until a manager learns to understand and becomes skilled in the basic process of transmitting and receiving information he cannot possibly lead or motivate the work in the manner required to set the work done more effectively.

We often communicate unknowingly as others observe our actions and facial experience and drive inferences or conclusions from. “Expert have shown that the percentage of time allocated to communicate is very high ranging from 75% of our warring hours. Five percent of this time is spent in writing 10% increasing, 35% in talking are 50% in listening.

It is therefore not surprising to note that poor communication breeds, spreads and is always the root of organisational problems.

Decision-making is possible without communication effectiveness of communication in any organization breed’s motivation and high moral on employees with its attendant increase in productivity and profitability which is always the major objective of many business.

From all indications, communication is of paramount important in dealing with the human factors throughout his stay in the organization from recruitments to retirement.

Communication integrates the management function and relates it to both internal and external environment. Every system must have interaction and cohesiveness between its sub- system if the to the complex is to accomplish its objectives.

 

  • THE GENERAL BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY:

The Nigeria Postal Services (NIPOST), Started as the postal branch of the posts and Telecommunications Department in 1851, when it was established in Lagos on an arm of the British Post Office.

The primary aim was to organize- well co- ordinate correspondent and remittance between the British Armed forces and consulted in Lagos, Benin Delta areas, the home government and people in Britain. Internal aim conveyance of mails started in 1931 when the Royal Air force conveyed mails by air from Lagos to Port Harcourt and Warri  “Nigeria was admitted into the universal postal union (UPU) on the 10th July 1961.

“The posts and Telecommunication Department was later split into two in 1985. This gave birth to Nigeria Telecommunication limited (NITEL)”,

Nipost became a statutory department in the ministry of communications the same year within this period the department was largely a social service oriented organization. Its services were labour- intensive but with low revenue yielding capacity.  These it was dependent on government for it’s funding in order meet up with its current and capital expenditure.

Today, Nipost has adopted a new structure and in therefore a fully autonomous corporation. Its policy control has been completely served or removed from the parent ministry of communication. The a acronyms  “Nipost” now means “Nigerian Postal service” as against “Nigerian Postal Service Department” that it was before the autonomous status.

This development was eshunicated by decree No. 41 of 1992. The social service implication of the organization to barely m5%.

 

PRIMARY RESPONSIBILITY OF NIPOST

“The primary responsibility of Nipost is established by the decree No. 18 of 1989” were to deal with postal professional and policy issues as:-

  1. Exploration of additional sources for postal revenue
  2. Review of postal tariff.
  3. Strategy to promote development and maintenance of efficient, co-ordinates and economic postal services.
  4. World –wide provision of highly dependable postal link between and among manager’s nations of the universal postal union without discrimination to race.
  5. Provision of efficient counter and remittance services in the state of postage stamps, sales of money and postal orders, sales of international postal pay, coupon and post office registered envelope.

 

 

ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURAL OF NIPOST

The Nigerian postal services is headed by post master- General of the federation who is assisted by five Deputy post master General as follows:-

  • DPMG =  Corporate Services
  • DPMG =  Operations Planning
  • DPMG =  Finance and Investment
  • DPMG =  Engineering and Technical Services
  • DPMG =  Territorial Administration.

There are also units Heads called the senior Assistant Postmaster General (SAPMG), who also report direct to the postmaster General. These are as follows:-

  • SAPMG =    In-charge of internal Audit.
  • SAPMG =  In-charge of investigation and  security
  • SAPMG =   In-charge of commercial

units/public Relation.

  • SAPMG =  In-charge of Legal unit
  • SAPMG =  In-charge of Data processing
  • SAPMG =  In-charge of corporate Planning.

We equally have some Assistant Postmaster- General in-charge within the organization structure.

At the territorial level, the chief Executive is known by the functional title of area Postal manager (APM). He is assisted by Branch/unit Heads. The Branch/unit Heads includes-Domestic operation, personnel Administration, Investigation and securing, Accounts, Internal Audit, Stores, Project Execution/workshop, Commercial unit/Public Relations etc.

At the Districts level, the functional heads are know as the Head Postmasters, report direct to the Area Postal Manager of their various territories.

 

  • PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH THE SUBJECT MATTER

This research work will try to find answers to following questions:

  1. a) How effective is communication channels in NIPOST organization?

b)         Do subordinates atimes fail to communicate to managers/supervisors

 

 

 

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THE IMPORTANCE OF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT OF ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE IN AIRTEL MOBILE COMMUNICATION

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THE IMPORTANCE OF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT OF ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE IN AIRTEL MOBILE COMMUNICATION

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CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

This chapter contain the following, the background of the study, statement of the problem objective of the study as well as significance, it also mainly for statement of hypothesis which is a testable, tentative propitiation that explain relation between two or more variable or phenomenon.

 

 

1.1 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF AIRTEL
Airtel as it is known today is not what is knonw as when it started operation. The company stated as Econet, later to Vodacom from tehvodacom the name was changed to V-mobile, from V-Mobile to celtel from celtel Airtel and finally from Airtel to aritel.

 

Airtel as a company began mobile operation in 198, and since then, they have built network in 15 countries, under license that cover more than a third of the population of Africa.

 

Their original holding company, MSI cellular investment, change its name to celtel international in January 2004. The Kaduna branch of Airtel which commenced operation in 1998 is located at Yakubu Gowon way, opposite zenith Bank Plc 11 kaduna, it also serve as the regional headquarters.

 

Mission
Airtel mission is to be Africa’s most desirable network, putting guide, clear and reliable technology into the hands of bustling population.

Carrier
Airtel is a dynamic place to work and they offer excellent carrier paths for talented and motivated people. They are especially taken to hear from people with experience in:

– Finance
– Legal
– Marketing
– Commercial and operational management
– Human resources management

 

All the candidates need to demonstrate experience, training and qualification.
Airtel is an international company, at the last count, the head office staff comprised 35 different nationalist so traveling or relocation may be a requirement. In November 2003, celtel as then known were proud to receive recognition of their commitment to the communities they serves when they won the SME around.

 

Airtel Kaduna branch as started earlier commenced operation in 1998 to expand the network in Nigeria, attending to customers with problem and also serve as the north west regional headquarters, in 2007 celtel Kaduna branch cease to be the north west regional headquarters, it was shifted to Kano. This is because Kano has the highest customers.

 

Airtel Kaduna Branch has about a hundred staff including expatriates, managerial, senior and peripheral staff these staff are train as the need demands.

 

 

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

In must organizations today, productivity of employee is far below standard, some organization incurs a lot of lost inform of wastage cause by mistake arising from the worker inability to perform his job effectively. Another major problem face by organization due to the lack of training and development programmes, in job dissatisfaction most employees don’t find it easy in doing the job assign to them, because they don’t have the necessary skill needed to make them handle such job.

One major problem, is the increase rate of labour turnover in an organization as a result of the worker inability to satisfyingly accomplishing the task assign to him or her.

The above mentioned problem has nothing good to offer to the organization rather than decrease in services delivery which is turn affects the overall performance of the organization. It is therefore, base on the existing problem that the researcher is motivated to undertake this study in order to analyze the problem and provide useful…

 

 

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The incident of poverty on educational development of the citizens.

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The incident of poverty on educational development of the citizens.

  (a case study of federal polytechnic, idah, students)

 

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Abstract

Poverty has been a serious problem facing all society over the years. This paper critically analyses the problems associated with poverty over the education of the citizens. It also analyses the causes of poverty and the various programme put in place for poverty alleviation such as family economic advancement. (feap) and poverty alleviation programme (pap) and various forms in which government has interfered. The question is how far have these programmes served as veritable instrument of poverty alleviation in the country? This paper suggests that even though these measures have not achieved much as poverty alleviation instruments because of their operations deficiencies, they are nonetheless good instruments that could be improved upon. This research also has found out that the increase of the crime wave is as a result of the frustration that the poor get from their deprivation of education by poverty. Workable and feasible solutions have been proffered for the problems on educational sector so that qualitative education of the citizens could be attained.

 

 

Table of content

 

Chapter one

1.0   introduction                                                1

  • The background of the study 4
  • Statement of the problem 6
  • Purpose of the study 8
  • Significance of the study 9
  • Research questions 11
  • Scope of the study 12

1.7   definition of term                                         13

 

Chapter two

2.1   review of related literature                           15

2.2   causes of poverty in the society                   19

2.3   the effective of poverty on educational development of the citizens                           22

2.4   efforts to alleviate poverty                            26

2.5   summary of literature review                       30

 

Chapter three

3.0   brief outline of the study                             32

3.1   design of the study                                      33

3.2   area of study                                               33

3.3   population of the study                               33

3.4   sample of the study                                     35

3.5   instrument for data collection                     35

3.6   method of data collection                            35

3.7   validity of instrument                                  36

3.8    distribution and retrieval of the instrument       36

3.8   data analysis technique

 

 

 

Chapter four

Presentation and analysis of data

4.1   presentation and data/findings

4.2   data analysis interpretation /discussion of finding

Chapter five

5.1 summary

5.2 conclusion

5.3 recommendations

5.4 suggestions for further studies

Bibliography

Appendix a

Appendix b


 

 

Chapter one       

1.0  introduction

formal education in Nigeria has been as old as the coming of the colonial masters. Its existence is not mysterious. They came in which the intention of extending their support administration, religion and culture to west african countries and also with the pretext for engaging in commercial activities with the inhabitants of those countries.

when they came to the shores of those countries e.g nigeria, they were unfortunately unable to communicate with the people in their language. They decide to teach the people the way of their life, their language. So some agreed with them and it makes those that agreed to be wiser than those that rejected the idea.

since the formal introduction of education, it has been identified by some beneficiaries that education is a liberating force, liberating people from the crunches of illiteracy, superstition, inferiority complex and other barbaric actions. But in spite of all these advantages bequeathed to us by education, it has been infested and confronted with so many problems which among them include poverty.

poverty has completely crippled the development of education in Nigeria. Right from time when education was formally established in the country with the imposition of some little amount of money on each student, many people who would have become the ambassadors and policy makers of this our country could not afford to pay such money then and it has absolutely jeopardized their future. The education at that time was left for few who were privileged to be born into royal family who were engaged in shabby business of slave trade or the family of wealthy farmers who supplies the European traders the raw materials they were looking for.

rather, the government identified that it has a very big role to play about the education of its citizens. It was observed that the richness and greatness of country depend on the qualitative and quantitative education given to the citizens. Now, the government has been turned out to be an obstacle to education by one allotting a reasonable percentage of its revenue to the education of the citizens considering their impoverished state.

The international communities have considered the plight of the citizens of the developing countries on their educational development and the difficulties poverty has posed on it. This can be manifestly seen through the activities of the UNICEF, an organ of the world body u.n.o. this therefore, examined the incidence on poverty educational development of the Nigeria citizens. Using federal polytechnic idah student as a case study.

 

 

1.1  background of the study

the federal polytechnic idah, kogi state was established in year 1992 through the collective effort of the community as a self help project. It is located in the town lokoja in the idah local government area of kogi state.

the concept, planning and establishment of the tertiary institution of learning were executed through the supported of the ministry of justice.

initially, the institution was approved by the kwara state governor as a college of arts and science in 1785. Then, in august 29, 1986, it was upgraded to college of arts, science and technology.

later, in year 27th august 1991, kogi state was created out from the kwara state, so the institution now is under kogi state (in 1991)

in 1992 the state government got the federal government approval to upgrade the state polytechnic idah to federal polytechnic idah. The government or governor on administration in that year (1992) was alhaji abubakar audu.

 

 

1.2  statement of the problem

the yardstick to measure the extent of the educational development of the citizen depends on the reasoning ability of the people. The behaviour, the approach to solving problems and the physical appearance of the citizens.

It is obvious that education is very essential especially now that almost everybody wants to be educated and enlightened. Many people want to be literate so as to be able to be informed because he who is not informed is definitely deformed and he who is deformed is abnormal.

 

poverty as a problem does not go alone. It goes with numerous problem that could be completely inextricable from. It drags some other problem along such as Mal-nutrition, low standard of living, shabby and tattered diseases. In other words all these problem hinges on poverty.

 

moreover, with the observation of this problem, baba danjuma (2002) viewed that “the pauper lacks the resources to send his child to school. And even in communities where education is free, the pauper child still faces an uphill task because the hunger of the body impedes the proper nourishment of the mind”. From the above explanation, it could be seen that poverty hinders the proper growth and development of children intellectually, educationally, psychologically and otherwise.

 

persons who have low per capital income will have their educational development impaired as they cannot have access to those things that make life worth a living. This study delved into how poverty affects educational development of the Nigerian citizen with a view to finding solution to it

 

 

1.3  purpose of the study

the primary exposes the threats and hindrances that poverty has posed on education development of the citizens.

to evaluate whether poverty is a condition that is desirable or undesirable and criteria for measuring poverty.

to ascertain whether the incidence of poverty on educational development is a seasonal or permanent experience.

To determine if the existence of poverty is caused by the citizens or the government or by both or either of them.

to determine and suggest how best to eradicate poverty and improved the standard of education acquisition among the citizens.

finally, to let the citizens understanding the importance of education in their lives despite the financial constraints.

 

1.4  significant of the study

this research work is significant in the sense that it has exposed the needs for poverty alleviation in the country as it has to do with the life wire of the society and create better awareness about the threats poverty has posed on our education, other significance includes the following :-

this piece of work will help us to study how our country’s development policy can help to reduce the living incidence of poverty and subsequently improved the educational development of the citizens thereby eliminating the permanent or seasonal occurrence of poverty in the midst of its inhabitants. The knowledge gained in this study will help us to know the extent of the damage poverty caused educational development and ways through which the anomaly can be ameliorated.

at the end of the findings of this work, the government should be made to know that it has a role to play in the abridgement of the income inequality between the rich and the poor so that the latter could afford the training expenses of their wards.

 

1.5  research question

1)    poverty only affects the educational development of the citizens or does it have facts of life that it trample upon.

2)    how does poverty affect the performance level of federal polytechnic idah student?

3)    what effort have both internal and international government put in place towards ameliorating poverty and improving the state of education of the poor?

4)    what does the poor do when they do not have access to education or when they do not or when they are deprived the right to education by poverty?

5)    to what extent does deprivation of education of the poor affects the society negatively?

 

1.6  the scope of the study

because of the plethora of problem infesting this study, we have decided to concentrate only on the incidence of poverty on educational development of f.p.i students. It is pertinent to note that poverty affects other facts of human life for the purpose of this study the focus is on educational development.

 

 

1.7  definition of terms

  1. P.i: federal polytechnic, idah, kogi state.

Income: this is the money one earns from the work one does or from investment one makes.

Per capital income: this is the income which every individual is supposed to earn in a country. It is calculated by dividing the value of the national income with the total number of people (population) in a country.

Poverty: a state of having far less limited resources against numerous wants, where a person is incapable of providing all his basic necessities of life (clothes, shelter and food).

UNICEF: united nations children fund.

Uno: united nations organization. A group made up of the rich and developed countries and some developing countries. It is established to take care of the world’s political and economic problems.

 

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