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Role of planning and control to management efficiency and productivity

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Role of planning and control to management efficiency and productivity

(a study of pz industries nigeria plc, aba)

 

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Abstract

This research work is an attempt made to enforce the role played by planning and control to management efficiency and productivity. The incessant business and reluctant growth of some companies or enterprise can be linked to deficiency in planning and control. In view of these, this topic is designed to guide managers in companies re-focus their policies towards the utilization of firm’s fund and to administer work. This work introduces the issue of stating the problems, definition of some operational items and significance of study etc.

Finally, the researcher discussed the procedures adopted in carrying out this research, the summary of finding about company and recommendation for the company was made for further research. In the summary of the findings, the researcher tried to look at the planning and control of pz industries plc by investigating the various guidelines used by the enterprise.

Here it was emphasized that effective planning and control leads to continuous existence, increase in market share and profit maximization of the organization. It was recommended that adequate and qualified managers should be employed to handle firm effectively in planning and controlling of resources of the enterprise.


 

Table of content

Chapter one

1.0   introduction                                                 1

1.1   background of the study                                1

1.2   statement of the problem                              4

1.3  purpose of the study                                     5

1.4  significance of the study                                6

1.5   research question                                         8

1.6  scope of the study                                         8

1.7   limitations of the study                                 9

1.7   definitions of terms                               11

 

Chapter two

Literature review

2.0   introduction                                                 13

2.1   nature of planning and control                      16

2.2   history of universal basic education board     26

2.3  steps in planning                                          19

2.4  the process of planning                                 24

2.5  control process                                             26

2.6   types of plan                                                29

2.7   control steps                                                32

2.8  solution to the problems                               35

2.9   principles of planning                                   35

 

 

Chapter three

3.0   research design and methodology                  39

3.1  design of the study                                        39

3.2  area of the study                                          40

3.3   population of the study                                 40

3.4   sample size and sampling technique              41

3.5   instrument for data collection                        42

3.6  validity and reliability of the instrument         45

3.7   distribution and retrieval of the instrument   46

3.8  method of data collection                              46

 

Chapter four

4.0   data presentation and analysis                      47

4.1   data presentation                                          48

4.2   data analysis                                                55

4.2   discussion/analysis of finding                56

 

 

Chapter five

5.0   summary of findings, conclusion and recommendations                                              58

5.1   summary of the findings                               59

5.2   conclusion                                                    60

5.3   recommendations                                         61

References                                                   63

Appendix                                                      65

Questionnaire                                               66

 


 

Chapter one

  • Introduction
    • Background of the study

The project topic role of planning and control to management efficiency and productivity. In an economy like Nigeria administrators has been faced with credible problems. Planning as a key to management efficiency and productivity involves selecting mission objectives and action to achieve them, it also bridges the gab from where we are and where we want to go. If can equally be analyzing a situation determining the goals that will be pursued in future deciding in advance the actions that will be taken to achieves these goal.

 

controlling in the other hand, emphasizes function involves monitoring the progress of the organization or the work unit towards goal. If necessary, taking corrective action, strategic planning, setting, objectives, managing resources. The small medium and large scale administrators experience frustrations when they make their forecast because they do not move as proposed. The crucial thing in the management is how far internal prediction are right or wrong in what planners wants to achieve. Usually large business organization differ in their planning and controlling processes but more significantly in the way these are woven into business planning and equally controlling system. It every stage, in order to ensure the manages effectiveness always depends solely in his convincing the management on the management of the soundness of his findings on planning and controlling process.

 

in management planning and controlling roles exist to managers and business more efficient by recognizing it to reduce or eliminate waste. They should plan towards their survival although there could be many scenarios the manages should always find ways to avoid those events that would result inefficiency of services as wall winding up of these business with this background. The efficiency and effectiveness of the management can be quite profitable and can aid expansion into planning as they to management efficiency would ask questions? Where we what to start? Where do we go from the starting point? What do we go there to do? Who goes with us, these question are necessary because without plan administrator cannot lead or expect the follower to obey them. They will have little or no chance to accomplish the goals or know when or where they stayed from their paths. Dalton mcfarland defined planning as the activity by which administrators analyze present condition to determine ways of reaching a desired future state.

 

  • Statement of the problem

Some business organizations maintain poor performance due to poor planning and control which effects the management efficiency and productivity of the organization. Poor planning and control are the factors that limit the productivity rate and growth of an organization also management inefficiency. Poor planning and control as a problem usually affects the smooth running and profit of the organization some business unit have no proper projects analysis and coordination greater attention in being paid on non productive projects than productive projects.

In some occasion a business organization making much profit on its subsequent year but on present stage now  are running into a big loss. And some others that were before making big loss are now pulling the lions share. There have been situations where organizations offer many years of its formation will collapse even though they many be well planned financed and managed while some other will stand a test of time. Based on this administrative lacuna which planning is the key problems the researcher now deemed imperative to write on this topic.

 

 

  • Purpose of the study

In view of these pz industry (nig.) Plc is been checked to determined the level of planning and control that goes on in the organization. This researcher work is being designed to accomplish these objectives stated on his to determine the extent to which planning and control have positively affected paterson zochonis industries (nig.) Plc. Secondly to investigate the principle procedures and steps on which planning and control should be based in order to arrives at a course of action that will lead to specific goal. Thirdly to identify the major tools for planning and control, and how best fools will be effectively use to achieve effective planning and control in pz industries. And also to determine the extent to which proper planning and control can reduce business failure or distress in pz industries.

 

  • Significance of the study

Planning and control are very pertinent tool for ensuring the efficiency and productivity of the management. Survival of a business especially where there are lots of unforeseen and uncontrollable variable always pull the organization down. Therefore, a constant and comprehensive step in formulating strategies plans and putting in place certain appraisal and evaluation system as a measure to control become necessary. Therefore this research work intends to enforce and help administrators to appreciate the essence of planning and control of their limited resources to meet the objective of the organization through efficiency productivity and profitability. Moreso, it will educate administrators on how cost of production, price stability increase in turnover and adequate profit shall remain the overall measure of management efficiency.

 

In addition to that the importance of this study will be in the development of using planning and control to help management in making relevant policy decisions which of well circulated will result to increase efficiency and effectiveness of the firm. This will in turn help to create avenues for the firms to achieve their optimum profitability which will be beneficial to the shareholder, employees, creditors and government including other that many have one dealing with organization or other. Furthermore, the outcome of this study will bring life to adying business organization caused by incessant sustenance of operational breakdown and failure.

 

  • Research questions

Answers to the question below would lead to the solution of the problem.

  1. What extent has planning and controls have positively affected the organization?
  2. What are the principles procedures and steps on which planning and control should be based in order to arrive at a course of action that will lead to a specific goal?
  3. What are the major tools for planning and control?

 

1.6   scope of the study

        the efficiency and effective of productivity in paterson 20 chonis industries (nig.) Plc is being positively affected because of high rate of planning and control of the management. Planning and control in management efficiency allows a the manage to estimate costs and the time required to finish the projects of the organization. However, planning and control act as device that enable management of pz industries (nig.) Plc to anticipate changes and adopt them. No business can exist well without planning and control and the skill with which it’s affair are being managed by the management.

 

1.7   limitation the study

        during the course of undertaking this research project the researcher encountered some extraneous variable which hindered the free flow of work. The information were generated from staff of pz industries (nig.) Plc books and journals some of the factor include:-

  1. Time constraint: due to the nature of this study the time allocated to it was not sufficient which could not accord the researcher the opportunity to carry some organization that are concerned to this research.
  2. Finance: inadequate finance was a major handicapped to faster this research project. This was as a result of the huge transport cost involved in the collection of information.
  3. Accessibility: during the course of this research project, the researcher found it difficult to have access to the population of interest and as a result, not all the desired information was collected since extensive visit was nor also made.
  4. Fear of information dissemination by not giving accurate information by respondents.

 

1.8   definition of terms

Management: it is defined as social and technical process that utilizes resources and change human behavior in the desired in order to elicit contribution that will objectives.

Planning: this is the defined as the process by which managers analyze present condition to determine ways of reaching a desired future state.

Control: this is defined as a process by which manager endeavour to achieve planned result by matching performance with intended objectives.

Forecasting: this is defined as statement that predicts something with the help of information.

Efficiency: it is the achievement of ends with the least amount of resources.

Organization: this is the aggregate of people whose objectives are towards accomplishment of a given goal or objectives.

Goal: an end towards which one is working for.

Effectiveness: it is the ability of bring about the intended result having an effect, it is also the achievement.

 

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The effects of foreign aids on national development

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The effects of foreign aids on national development

(a study of foreign health aids to nigeria 1999-2003)

 

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Chapter one

Introduction

1.1   background of the study                             2

1.2   statement of the problem                            3

1.3  purpose of the study                                    4

1.4  significance of the study                              5

1.5   research question                                        6

1.6  scope of the study                                       7

1.7   limitations of the study                               7

1.7   definitions of terms                                     8

 

Chapter two

Literature review

2.0   introduction                                                10

2.1   historical background of the study              10

2.2   concept of foreign aid                                  12

2.3  types of foreign aids                                    19

2.4  purpose of foreign aids by giving nations    23

2.5    advantages and disadvantages of foreign aids 25

2.6   foreign health aids in Nigeria from 1999

To 2003                                                       27

2.7  responses to the aids epidemic                    30

2.8   theoretical framework                                  30

2.9   summary of literature review                       31

Chapter three

Research methodology

3.1  design of the study                                      33

3.2  area of the study                                         34

3.3   population of the study                                       34

3.4   instrument for data collection                     35

3.6  validity and reliability of the instrument     35

3.7    distribution and retrieval of the instrument       36

3.8  method of analysis                                      36

 

Chapter four

4.0   data presentation and analysis                   38

4.1   presentation of findings                                      38

4.2   discussion/analysis of finding                     47

 

 

 

 

Chapter five

Summary, conclusion and recommendations

5.1   summary of findings                                   51

5.2   conclusion                                                   52

5.3   recommendation                                         53

References                                                   55

Appendix                                                     58

Questionnaire                                              59


 

Abstract

This study is concerned with the effects of foreign aids on national development. (a case study of foreign health aids to Nigeria from (1999-2003). The topic attempt to examine the effect of health aids in Nigeria economy from 1999-2003. The world health organization is a specialized agency of the united nations (un) that acts as the coordinating authority on international public health. They also control outbreak of infections, diseases, influenza hiv/aids. They also sponsor programmes to prevent and treat such diseases. Questionnaire were distributed among the staff of world health organization (who) at yusur nations street off yakubu gowon way asokoro, abuja in finding out what they think about health aids received by Nigeria from developed countries using table of frequency and percentage in collecting the data. Collected data were analyzed and discussed in the fourth chapter. Percentage techniques were employed in the analysis based on the analysis major findings were made which formed the bedrock of some recommendation made by the researcher the findings that developed countries attach strings to the aids they give to developing nations. The world health organization has helped towards reducing the rate of malaria through the provision of mosquito nets and polio in Nigeria. Also executors of projects should not embezzle money allocated for health aids but should use the money judiciously.


 

Chapter one

Introduction

imperialism has been the most powerful force in the world history. It means the process whereby the dominant politico-economic interest of a nation dominate the raw material and markets of another people. Imperialism can also be defined as a policy extending a country’s power and influence by establishing colonies. Foreign and has been said to be a situation whereby developing county gets money and other aids to solve their problems for the good of the masses or citizens. There is no developing county that is not in one way of the other colonial before independence, looking at the third world countries, most especially Africa and using Nigeria as a study, one will begin to wonder what the county has been doing with the different kinds of aids it has been receiving.

 

  • Background of study

This study is prompted by the poverty level in the county despite huge foreign aids over the year. According to the 2008 world fact book about Nigeria it says that the unemployed rate is 5.8% population below poverty line 60%. It is also recorded that a Nigerian lives below one dollar which is one hundred and fifty naira in Nigeria currency.

They county (Nigeria received huge sum of money from different organization including the united states of America for improving health sector in the country yet the death rate has increased with children dying by malaria everyday).

  • Statement if the study

During the regime of president olusegu obasanjo 1999-2007. The issues of foreign aid was outstanding most especially on borrowing to move the country forward and also on gaining debt forgiveness from the paris club which nigeria owes about thirty billion dollars. Some politicians and scholars believed that getting foreign aids in farm of loan was needed while some said no the idea because it will increase the nations debt profile and make the nation to apply the condition usually attached to such loans.

It appears that foreign aid when harnessed fully and effectively used by the developing nations will actually lead to development. Also, the leading nations and international agencies that give loans should reduce their interest rate and other strings they attach to aid; the main problem of this study.

Includes an attempt to see whether Nigeria should continue to depend on the foreign aid it has been receiving and whether it will lead to the country’s development and whether the politicians and others in charge of allocating resources will be judicious in the application of fund meant for projects.

 

  • Purpose of the study

This study is an attempt to investigate the effects of foreign aid on the economy of developing nations. In this study also we will look at the advantages and disadvantages of foreign aids. The main issue to be probed in this study are whether countries that offer foreign aid like USA, Britain, France etc attach strings or conduction to the aid given to the developing nations? Whether the receiving nation (developing nations use the foreign aid judiciously.

 

  • Significance of the study

The significance of this research is to throw more light on the study that will generally give information to the members of the public, people in the public sectors, students specifically to the students of public administration department. Thus information will openly show us how foreign aids is been used in Nigeria, if the aid is selfishly embezzled or if the aid is judicially used.

Academically, thus study will help students and researches aid even financial manages as well as the people in the public sector to know what foreign aid is, how it is used and what is has impacted on the developing nations etc Nigeria.

  

  • Research question
  1. What is foreign aids?
  2. How can foreign aid be used judiciously?
  3. Has foreign aid done good or bad in the country?
  4. Has foreign aid been a part of development in the country?
  5. Do donor countries and international agencies attach strings to the foreign aids to developing nation?
  6. Are strings supposed to be attached on aid given to developing nations since its called (aids)?
  7. Should underdeveloped countries depend on foreign aid for development?
  8. What are the functions of world health organization (who)?

 

  • Scope/delimitation of the study

This study is on the effects of foreign aids to national development with emphasis on foreign health aid to Nigeria between (1999-2003). This study will look into the way foreign aids helps nations to develop and if it actually does.

 

  • Limitations of the study

The research is affected by many problems, there was limited resources in terms of finances that is lack of fund to travel in search of data. Also no availability of current relevant text that will give adequate information was virtually unavailable. Furthermore, administrative bureaucracy, time constraint also did a lot in hindering perfect collection of necessary data for the project work.

Finally, another challenge faced by the researcher in this study is the attitude of some people in giving out the necessary data required.

 

  • Definition of terms

For the purpose if this study, the following definitions will be used.

  1. Foreign aid: this is the assistance given to nations to help them deal with different problems and also help them develop. It can also be in form of money, military help, food and health.
  2. Foreign health aid: foreign health aid refers to aid assistance from one country to another to help combat diseases and other health related illness and as well as building of hospitals, providing of drugs and health machines such as cardiophasclolar machine etc. Foreign health and could also be in form of sending doctors to helping treatment of people in the receiving nation.
  3. National development: it is a federal government project designed to improve the economic, political, technology aspect of the nation.

 

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democracy and islamic sect/boko haram in nigeria

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DEMOCRACY AND ISLAMIC SECT/BOKO HARAM IN NIGERIA (A CASE STUDY OF GOODLUCK JONATHAN REGIME)

 

 

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ABSTRACT

Democracy is always seen as an indispensable feature of any nation. The idea that the practice of true democracy is very pivotal for the survival and progress of every nation of that would Nigerian is not an exception. Thus, Nwabueze (1991:20) succinctly describes democracy as “A form of government which recognizes and institutionalizes the people as fountain of power and enables them by the means election at frequent intervals on universal adult franchise to choose and mandate those to govern a form of government in which the public good or welfare of the people is the object”. Lamentably, however, democracy in an underdeveloped nations like Nigeria is an irony comparing it to the above definition of democracy. True democracy should be people oriented without being coarsed in any way. In Nigeria, ethnicism and religion has distorted democracy, disorganized the whole political system and has finally made Nigerian nation a laughing stock in the community of nations. This is because people are busy fighting ethnic/religious crises and don’t even know the meaning of democracy let alone the practicing of true democracy. Moreso, the research work is purely centered an democracy and Islamic sect (bokoharam) with special reference to President Goodluck Jonathan regime. To efficiently carry out the research, the researcher used both primary and secondary sources of data collection. The primary source were oral interview on the masses about the regime of president Goodluck Jonathan, the questionnaire was also formulated to solicit information from the respondents which also acted as primary source of information, whereas the library materials, magazines, newspaper and internets materials acted as secondary sources of information. The researcher also formulated research questions that acted as guide to the study. The data generated from the questionnaire responses was presented and also analyzed using the questionnaire responses.

 

However, the findings of the study reveals that Nigeria is not practicing true democracy i.e. they don’t even understand the meaning of democracy, let alone the practice of it. The members of the political class are very very corrupt. The citizens are not given the chance to exercise their fundamental human rights. There is high rate of insecurity of lives and properties in Nigeria especially in the regime of President Goodluck Jonathan regime. And report shows that the political class especially Buhari that wanted to be the president of the so called democratic nation but lost it to Goodluck vowed that he will make Nigeria ungovernable for Goodluck Jonathan. It was believed that Buhari, IBB, Atiku and other northern Bourgeois of this nation are the brain behind bokoharam attack to the regime of President Goodluck Jonathan that is why the bokoharam say that if they will come for negotiation, that Buhari most be there. As a result of the above findings, it was recommended that government should engage the group in a dialogue, and inaugurate programmes that would address issues, equally government should deal decisively with anybody sponsoring bokoharam activities in Nigeria.

 

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE

  • Introduction 1

1.1   Background of the study                                  2

1.2   Statement of the problem                        3

1.3   Purpose of the study                                        8

1.4   Significance of the study                                  9

1.5   Research questions                                          10

1.6   Scope of the study                                           11

1.7   Limitation of the study                                     11

1.8   Definition of the terms                                     11

CHAPTER TWO

2.1   Literature Review                                             13

2.2   Problems of democracy government in Nigeria      19

2.3   Boko haram history in Nigeria                         21

2.4   Boko haram attack in Nigeria                          23

2.5   Views of other people on Boko haram              26

2.6   Comparing Nigeria democracy and boko haram       32

2.7   Consequences of boko haram to national        development                                                    34

2.8   Summary of literature review                          37

2.9   Gap in literature                                              38

 

CHAPTER THREE

3.0   Research Methodology                                     39

3.1   Brief outline of the study                                 39

3.2   Design of the study                                          40

3.3   Area of the study                                              40

3.4   Population of the study                                    40

3.5   Sample of the study                                         41

3.6   Instrument for data collection                  41

3.7   Validation of the instrument                            42

3.8   Distribution and Retrieval of instrument         42

3.7   Method of data analysis                                   43

 

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0   Data Presentation and Analysis                       44

4.1   Findings of the study                                       65

 

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0   Summary Conclusion and Recommendation   69

5.1   Summary of findings                                       69

5.2   Conclusion                                                      70

5.2   Recommendations                                           71

References                                                       74

Appendix                                                                 76

Questionnaire                                                  77

 

 

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

  • INTRODUCTION

        Democracy and Islamic sect/Boko Haram in Nigeria. This study on democracy and Islamic sect in Nigeria is geared towards bringing to light the menace of Islamic sect/Boko haram on Nigeria democracy.

However, following the president Goodluck Jonathan regime, Nigeria have witnessed several dis-harmony on its socio-polity as a result of the problems posed by Boko haram which is an Islamic militant group based in the north which forbid western education and seeks the imposition of Sharia law in the country.

Therefore, Boko haram has done more harms than good to democracy in Nigeria because of its negative attributes which makes Nigeria an undemocratic nation.

 

 

1.1   BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

        This research work is centered on democracy and religious sect/ Boko haram in Nigeria with a particular reference to Goodluck Jonathan Regime.

Democracy is a global maiden which every nation woos. It is a system of government based on popular consent. Nigeria, the most populous country in Africa has no choice then to align itself with the rest of the world on the democratic crave.

However, Nigeria has not been so lucky to be democratized. It has had long tortured history of dancing around democracy but has make gotten it right. This is largely due to some challenges it has suffered since its inspection which includes lack of large scale free and fair election, refusal to accept defeat in electrons by political gladiators, corruption, inobservance of rule of law, lack of freedom of speech and publication and that of freedom of worship which have been a threat to national peace and development by some religious sect.

Boko Haram is a controversial Nigerian militant Islamist group that seeks the imposition of Sharia law on the northern states of Nigeria. Equally, it is an Islamic group that forbids western education. It is a religious militant group base in the north and seek to establish Sharia law in the country, this have badly effected the socio-economic development in the country and have effected the democracy in the country.

 

  • STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The idea that the Islamic religion with its militant group Boko haram has been a threat to Nigerians and the world at large is very very true. Since Buhari lost as the presidential aspirant to Goodluck Jonathan, himself (Buhari) Atiku and other top politicians in the northern part of the country felt that their assured right which is leadership of this country/Aso rock has been taken or snatched from them unannounced. They (northern politicians) like a child that has been weaned by the mother is trying to use any gimmick to get Aso Rock back in their laps. That is why they vowed to give Goodluck Jonathan headache by making the masses (electorates) that voted him in hate him as they (the northern politicians) are using different tactics to fight Goodluck and the poor Nigerians masses that exercise their franchise.

Boko Haram has seriously undermined democracy in this country. Simply put, Boko haram has shown that Nigeria is very far from democracy that they have been clamouring for some years. How can we (Nigeria) claim to be a democratic nation when there are insecurity of lives and properties of the populace. How can Nigerian claim to be democratic nation when the so called old politicians/political aspirants decided to commit such deadly plan of sponsoring killers in the name of Islamic sect Boko haram to kill the very people he has planned to rule/head.

Recently, there is plan to have political talk with Boko haram sect. One wonders if the only way to get the attention of the leadership is through killing people, wasting and destroying our mearged resources.

Boko haram and insecurity it posed to this nation has publicly proved that Nigerian can never be one as they claim to be and that Nigeria is very far from practicing true democracy.

The truth is that Boko haram are not spirits, they are not the poor class or illiterates, rather they are the unhappy politicians from the north who is sponsoring killers to kill the masses for voting candidates of their choice.

Boko haram is corruption personified, it is only corruption that would make human being that is supposed to be a leader by example to turn and waste the destines of people for no reason.

Boko haram with its twin brother ethnicity has posed a serious question to our democracy. Boko haram (Islamic religion) is posing a challenge to democracy in Nigeria and more especially to the integrity of the northern politicians. Boko haram has demotivated Nigerian masses. The masses has lost hope in the leadership since blood is being shed every day and our law makers are not saying anything about it instead the leadership especially northern politicians are busy sponsoring that the killers should be praised by Boko haram having talk with the government on how they (the killer Boko haram) should be rewarded.

Boko haram has also proved that the judiciary is no longer the last hope of common man. Boko haram has shown that Nigeria doesn’t have law makers, judiciary, and executive. If the security agents in Nigeria understand that they are being paid for their job, why haven’t they discovered any leaders, sponsors, and supporter of Boko haram sect and deal with them as killing illiterate alimagiris would do nothing to curb the problem.

The conclusion is that the leadership of this nation is very corrupt and the masses is only trusting of God for the protection of their lives and properties and the judgement of the blood of the poor masses the leadership of this nation has shade because of corruption or greediness.

 

  • PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

This project work intents to achieve the following purposes: –

  1. To examine critically democracy and problems of democracy.
  2. To examine Boko haram and its consequences to democracy in Nigeria.
  3. Asses Boko haram major attacks on Nigeria.
  4. Consequences of Boko haram activities to National development.
  5. To make a recommendation that will help to sustain democratic rule in Nigeria.
    • SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This research work would be of great benefit to the leadership to the country. It will serve as an appraisal to the leadership of this country.

Moreso, this work would be of great benefit to the northern politicians that are seriously preparing to come out in 2015 election because they will be able to know peoples view of their illicit behaviour. As the northern political aspirants are killing people to rule wood.

They will also learn that it is only wood and goats that they spared will vote them. God in heaven and any human being in Nigeria has learnt that after shading blood to rule, they will continue to kill when they are in office.

However, the research work will try to revive Nigeria as they will learn that they are still very far from practicing democracy.

The work will also serve as a reference point to future researchers.

 

  • RESEARCH QUESTIONS
  1. Is Boko haram a threat to the whole country?
  2. To what extent has Boko haram a threat to the regime of Goodluck Jonathan?
  • Did Atiku, Buhari and their acolytes vow to disturb the regime of Goodluck Jonathan?
  1. To what extent has Boko haram undermined Nigeria democracy?
  2. Is corruption a bane to Nigeria democracy?

 

 

 

  • SCOPE/DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY

This work covers democracy and religious sect in Nigeria, Goodluck Jonathan regime.

 

  • LIMITATION OF STUDY

This work is affected as a result of limited time and finance at the researcher’s disposal.

 

  • DEFINITION OF TERMS

It is essential at this stage of our study to define or clarify some terminologies used in this work. A clear idea of those basic concepts term will certainly provide an easy understanding the entire work.

DEMOCRACY

        It is a combination of two Greek words which are “demo” and “krato” meaning government by the people “consent”. Therefore, democracy, from a layman’s point of view is government of the people by the people and for the people.

Democracy may be defined as a system of government in which all qualified adult citizens share the supreme power directly or through their elected representatives. Democracy is a system of government based on popular consent.

Also, the term democracy has in another occasion been described as “government by consent of the governed” i.e. government with the approval of the people being governed.

BOKO HARAM

        Boko Haram is a controversial Islamist militant group that seeks the imposition of Sharia law in the northern states of Nigeria and rest of the country. It is a jihadist group that strongly opposes man-made laws and modern science.        

 

 

    

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TIME MANAGEMENT AS A TOOL FOR HIGHER PRODUCTIVITY IN AN ORGANIZATION

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TIME MANAGEMENT AS A TOOL FOR HIGHER PRODUCTIVITY IN AN ORGANIZATION
(A Case Study of seven Up Bottling Company plc of kaduna)

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CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study – – – – – 1
1.2 Statement of the problem – – – – – 2
1.3 Objective of the Study – – – – – – 3
1.4 Statement of hypothesis – – – – – 3
1.5 Significance of the Study – – – – – 4
1.6 Scope of the Study – – – – – – 4
1.7 Limitation of the Study – – – – – – 5
1.8 Historical Background of the Study – – – – 6 -9
1.9 Definition – – – – – – – – 10

CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Conceptual Framework – – – – – 11-14
2.2 Importance of time management – – – – 15-16
2.3 Factors affecting Time Management – – – 17-19
2.4 Topical Time Wasters at work – – – – 20
2.5 Improving the Use of Time – – – – – 21-25
2.6 Work Measurement – – – – – – 26-29
2.7 Time Based Strategies – – – – – – 30-31
2.8 Management Instrument/Time Saving – – – 32-36

CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHOD
3.0 Introduction – – – – – – – 37
3.1 Research Design – – – – – – – 37
3.2 Research Population – – – – – – 38
3.3 Sample size and Sample Techniques – – – 38
3.4 Methods of Gathering Data – – – – – 39
3.5 Justification of Method Used – – – – – 40
3.6 Method of Date Analysis – – – – – 41
3.7 Justification of Instrument Used – – – – 42
References – – – – – – – – 43-44

 

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
The management of time is an issue which is fundamental to job performance. In the past, attention to the relationship between time and job performance was restricted to manual workers and then, by means of organization and methods to clerical workers.

The consideration of time utilization for managerial and professional grades has not received much attention until recently current approaches are based on the assumption that personal effectiveness at work is primarily a function of the individual management of his or her time.

For productivity to be high, the judicious time usage is very important, without the proper usage of time, there will be lower productivity within an organization. As a manager in an organization one must be very conscious on the use of time, for poor utilization of time will affect the entire organization’s output. If a manager makes use of his time effectively and efficiently, the organization, will be in a path to growth and development. The subordinates will also be motivated to put in their best for the organization, been that the manager has perfectly demonstrated to them the importance of time utilization. If there is no time target on a particular task, productivity will be low, which is going to adversely affect the organization negatively.

 

 

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Despite the importance of time in the provision of goods and services in an organization, not much attention seems to have been paid to it.

In Nigeria, workers are not time conscious and such duties or task are not being discharged as at when needed, with regards to this, productivity turns out to be low, due to delay in performances of various task. Due to poor output, most organization’s objectives is designed to provide satisfaction to customers needs. However, these are the developments that prompt the researcher to identify the following problems in the course of this study.
 There is the existence of ignorance on the part of management in regards to the scope and specific use of time saving formalities.
 Where such skills exist, the level of utilization is too marginal.
 Also lack of prior training of managers and supervisors in the schedule of study, delegating duties when possible to enhance output at the end of the day is another cause of concern

 

 

1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The major objective of this research is to examine the effect of time management on the production of goods and services, as well as, to determine the lessons,

 

 

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The impact of effective management of resources in solving unemployment problem in nigeria

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The impact of effective management of resources in solving unemployment problem in Nigeria

(a case study of igbo-eze south local government area, enugu state

 

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Abstract

This study is on a strong impression of effective management of resources in solving unemployment problem in nigeria. This researcher wants to know the impact of effective management of resources in igbo-eze south local government area, how they have carried its operations to bring this phenomenon to its best minimum. In order to achieve this an empirical survey and library research were carried out. The source of data used include both primary source of data and secondary data. The primary source of data are the administration of questionnaires and oral interviews while the secondary source includes statistical tools used in testing hypothesis. The research reveals that the local government has not put the necessary machinery in place to tackle the managerial skill operation in the area. This factor has been a force militating against solving unemployment problem. However, it was discovered also that the local government under study engages in various activities and schemes including provision of pipe borne water, rural electrification projects to attract investors to harness the available natural resources to create employment for the people besides, lack of infrastructure has equally contributed to non improvement of unemployment situation.


List of tables

1.1     Sex distribution of igbo-eze south people

1.2     Age distribution of igbo-eze south people

1.3     Marital status of igbo-eze south people

1.4     Occupation of igbo-eze south people

1.5     Educational qualification of igbo-eze south workers

1.6     Salary grade level of igbo-eze south workers

1.7     Response from igbo-eze south workers showing what they think is mot responsible for the current state of development in igbo-eze south

1.8     Responses from igbo-eze south people and workers showing how they see level of local government performance with respect to development

1.9     Response from the local government staff showing how the local government use allocated fund from the federation account for development project.

1.10Response from the local government staff showing how many development project have been done so far in the local government

1.11Response from the local government staff on what type of project they always embark on


Table of contents

 

 

Chapter one

  • Background of the study
  • Statement of problem
  • Purpose of the study
  • Scope of the study
  • Research question
  • Research hypothesis
  • Significance of the study
  • Definition of terms

 

Chapter two

Review of related literature

2.1 the concepts of management

2.2 the concepts of unemployemnt

2.3 problem genrated by unemployment

2.4 unemployment- a setback to a nation economic development

2.5 effective management of resources as a veritable tool for solving unemployment

2.6 the impact of effective management of resource in oji0river local government

 

 

Chapter three

Research design and methodology

  • Research design
  • Area of the study
  • Population of the study
  • Sample and sampling procedure/techniques
  • Instrument for data collection
  • Validation of the instrument
  • Reliability of the instrument
  • Method of data collection
  • Method of data analysis

 

Chapter four

Data presentation and analysis

  • Presentation and analysis of data
  • Testing of hypothesis
  • Summary of results.

 

Chapter five

Discussion, recommendation and conclusion

5.1 discussion of result/ findings

5.2 conclusion

5.3 implication (s) of the research findings

5.4 recommendation

5.5 suggestion for further research

5.6 limitation of the study

bibliography

appendix

 

 

Chapter one

1.0 introduction 

unemployment can be defined as the situation where by some people leaving in a specific given area, who are capable and willing to work but are not gainfully employed. For an example, in developing countries, like nigeria, unemployment is a serious social evil that have seriously eating up nigeria economy and have affects growth and development.

the production sector of the economy is one of the most important in terms of providing access to basic societal needs such as employment, income and services. Management is the act of controlling or running a business or an organization with the aim of making profit by an individual, firm or government. The implementation of effective management of available resources can be a remedy to the problem of unemployment in igbo-eze south local government area in enugu state as a case study.

evidently, most of the developing asian economic have sincerely realized the need to turn some attention to the development of resources which will generate employment at local level (igbo-eze south local government area in enugu) as well as provide cheaper goods at affordable prices to the vast majority of rural areas. Federal government in it 1997 national budget laid more emphasis on the establishment of cottage industries as a measure of curtailing the influx of people from the rural to the urban centres in search of what they term better job (employment). This led to the establishment of the family economic advancement (fap) whose sole aim is to exploit the potential of the rural communities so as to facilitaties the setting up of productive cottage industries that will use local labour, locally available raw materials and fabricated equipment in the rural areas. With the presence of enormous raw materials exist in almost all parts of the country (i.e. Igbo-eze south local government area in enugu state) and therefore, effective resource management should be carried out and sited areas where there is labour availability in the aim of salvaging the problem of unemployment in the given area. The family economic advancement programs which encompasses cottage industries and other relevant production is designed, among other things to promotes local designed and fabrication of plant and machinery and equipment by engaging other youths of igbo-eze south l.g.a. as a way of reducing unemployment. Provide facility for the procurement for machinery/equipment for nigerians to set up and run cottage and effective managed industries, utilize all available local resources for the benefit of all nigerians through improved production, preservation and provide an enabling environment for private sector and un agencies participation in the program.

it is expected that this will initial the much needed technological development and effective management of resources in the given area as a case study.

 

1.1 background of the study

        igbo-eze south local government area in one of the local governments in enugu state. Igbo-eze south local government area was established in the year 1991 under the governorship of dr. Okwudili nwodo and felix agada as the first chairman.

formally, she was under igbo-eze north local government area, but because people from the community were not receiving government attention, they were denied social amenities like electricity, pipe born water, health facilities etc. The community started to agitate for establishment of local government in their community since they have attained constitutional requirement, then after much deliberation, she was established in 1991.

igbo-eze south local government area lies approximately at latitude of 0.4c° east, some fifteen kilometers (15kms) south of nsukka.

igbo-eze south is made up of eight communities such as itchi, unadu, alor-agu, nkalagu obukpa, iheakpu-awka, iheaka, ovoko, ihunowere and ibagwa-aka which is the headquarter of igbo-eze south local government area.

the population of igbo-eze south local government area accommodated about thousands of people including the immigrants that formed fifteen percent (15%) of the total population. She shares the same common boundary with such local government areas as udenu local government area to the east, nsukka local government area to the south, igbo-eze north local government area as the north while the kogi state to the west.

igbo-eze south local government area was blessed by god with natural endowments which include: the rain forest trees such as palm trees, iroko trees, mango trees and other economic trees which occupied the lower part of her headquarter.

this local government has affected the communities positively through the achievement of the followings.

  • Adequate provision of educational opportunities
  • Industrialization
  • Job opportunities
  • Good and adequate health care facilities
  • Clean environment
  • Application of modern technology for production.

 

1.2 statement of the problem

the problem of how unemployment can be solved by the effective management of resources is the core of the study, the researcher intend to find out what effect, effectively managed resources will have in the reduction of unemployment rate in igbo-eze south local government. The population on which the study will be based the researcher intend to look at the operations of the establishment within the area and hope effective the manager of these business/ establishment will contribute in the study area.

 

1.3  purpose of the study

the purpose of the study is to elicit the jobs, which with the changing economic trend and high labour cost becomes very expensive for the employer who will proffer to improve the skill of his staff or computerize his company thereby cutting labour cost and maximizing his profit. When this becomes unemployment with little or no hope of getting employment because of the changing trends; modernization and technological development of labour management based on this short fall in employment becomes a problem. One way to improve unemployment is through the effective management of resources in an establishment.

effective management of resources in an establishment in igbo-eze south encourages specialization and division of labour which means that more people will be needed to perform the certain function and more and more will also be encouraged to exhibit dexterity in certain skill so as to perform the certain task more effectively at a higher rate of output so as to meet the demand of their customers by this specialization is encouraged as opposed to the use of computers which needs few people to feel information into them.

effective management of source resources in igbo-eze south will reduce unemployment and the dependence on government corporate bodies as the last hope of job seekers for engaging in income generating ventures. As a matter of fact, this will put smile on use of effective management of source resources as a means of reducing unemployment problem within igbo-eze south local government.

 

1.4 significance of the study

The significance of the study states who should benefits from the research and how the study will go a long way in helping to achieve the strong impression. The effective management of resources will create in solving unemployment problem in igbo-eze south local government and nigeria in general. It will also reduce the mismanagement of resources that leads to termination of worker in an establishment thereby create unemployment in the local government.

 

1.5 research questions.

  1. To what extent can employment be created by effective managed resources positively affect the unemployment situation in igbo-eze south local government are?
  2. In what ways can effective management of resources be used as a tool for reducing unemployment in igbo-eze south local government area?
  3. Can it be said that effective management of resources creates enough employment to reduce the mass drift from rural to urban centers of the local governments?
  4. Can it create employment opportunities in igbo-eze south local government?
  5. Its there anyway(s) to improve on the present mode of operations of resources through effective management?

 

1.6 research hypothesis.

  1. Ho: unemployment situation in local government area cannot be reduced through effective resources management.

Hi:  unemployment in igbo-eze south local government area can be reduced through effective resources management.

  1. Ho: effective resource management cannot create enough employment to reduce drift from rural to urban area.

Hi:    effective resources management can create enough employment to reduce drift from rural to urban area.

  1. Ho: there is no way to improve the present mode of operation through effectives resources management.

Hi: the present mode of operation can be improved through effective resources management.

 

 

 

1.7 scope of the study

        the scope of the study is to find out how unemployment problem can be solved through the proper use of scarce resources in establishment the study will be limited to igbo-eze south local government area, which will be used as the study population for the basis of study.

 

1.8 definition of terms.

        it is good to give operational meaning to words misinterpretation by readers the terms associated with the study will be clearly detained and provisions will be made for the other definitions as they occur while the study is in progress.

 

 

Unemployment

this according to r.t byreness and g.n stones (1981) is the amount of the unused labour involving skilled or unskilled people who are willing to work but could not secure employment with result from the bulk of dependent people in the society.

Establishment

The basic structure and facilities necessary for a country or organization of functions efficiently.

 

Management

Management form a layman’s view is getting this done through and with people aimed at achieving ones personal goals or in contest with the goals of the organization.

 

 

 

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