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The effects of poor records management

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The effects of poor records management

in an office organization in federal polytechnic, oko.

 

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Abstract

This study is on the effects of poor records management in an office organization. The purpose of the study is to find the effect of poor records management in an office organization. To find out the importance of records management in an office organization, to know the problems associated with poor records management. The population of the study consists from federal polytechnic, oko; the data collected for the study is by study means of literature review and questionnaire which the researcher administered personally. The research used percentages in analysis the data, this is to make for easier understanding of the findings. The conclusions based on the findings are records management is the key to success in any business organization, it helps a lot in filling and retrieving of documents.

 

Table of content

Title page                                                                    i

Approval page                                                     ii

Dedication                                                          iii

Acknowledgements                                             iv

Abstract                                                              vi

Table of content                                                  vii

Chapter one

1.0   introduction                                         1

1.1   background of the study                             2

1.2   statement of the study                                7

1.3   purpose of the study                                    8

1.4   significance of the study                              8

1.5   research questions                               9

1.6   scope of the study                                       10

1.7   definition of terms                                       10

 

Chapter two

2.0   literature review                                          13

2.1   reliable records management                      19

2.2   current issue in records management         21

2.3   impact on records management                  23

  • Elements of records management system 24
  • Identify records management roles 26
  • Types of records 27
  • Computerized personnel records 30
  • Poorly maintained government computer system 36
  • Improving public service productivity through information 40
  • Policy and infrastructural 41
    • Strategic approach to public management 43
    • Records creation 45
    • Records use and maintenance 48

 

Chapter three

3.0   methodology                                                51

  • Brief outline of the study 51
  • Design of the study 52
  • Area of the study 52
  • The population of the study 52
  • Sample of the study 53
  • Instrument for data collection 54
  • Validation of the instrument 54
  • Distribution and retrieval of the instrument 55
  • Method of data analysis. 55

 

Chapter four

4.0   data presentation and analysis    56

  • Findings 73

 

Chapter five

  • Summary of findings                               76
    • Recommendations 77
    • Conclusion 79
    • Limitations of the study 80

References                                                   82

Appendices                                                  84

Questionnaire                                             65

Chapter one

  • Introduction

Information flow is at the core of every management system, public or private and the correct interpretation of information is a critical attribute of an effective manager. Such interpretation is the basis of all rational decisions, which is the essence of management. Therefore, information must be considered vital resources at the personal, organizational and national level.

Information is a product of processing (analysis and synthesis) of factual data. Hence data, which is colleted and stored in various forms, is the raw material for producing information. Incorrect and incomplete data therefore gives rise to defective information. Defective information can also arise from poor processing of data. Another factor that contributes to poor information is ineffective communication because of delays, incompleteness, or distortions, therefore, developing and sustaining system that produces, store, transmit and process information is a priority functions in public administration and the management of development.

 

1.1   background of the study

in our society today, people in business, government and social activities to a large extend depend on records. Records are of vital importance, hence in the field of business studies, records management has been seriously appreciated, no effective discussion of an office activities takes place without records.

historically, its origin is traced back to Egypt, central records were made for purchase and sales of land to enable them know how transactions were made how records were kept. So, Egyptians gathered the necessary information which were not only processed but stored for future reference.

records management, in essence is an man, it has been in existence for quite a long period of time. This is because of man’s desire for keeping document and for keeping proper records of his daily activities so as to avoid forgetfulness. In the ancient times, records management was crude, there was no proper or good system of storage of records because it was not viewed with a keen interest.

but today’s modern world or business because of new invention n different business world records management hampers the smooth running of modern business organization, while proper care is taken in any organization to see that records are kept properly as it is part of the business. Infact, it is the life wire of most business as the planning of the business, documents used for construction of sites, receipt for goods bought and so on are kept for future reference.

taking a critical look at a typical office, it will be observed that, that would be seen embraced such things like letters, report, check and so on. All these are records which must be presented so that reference should be made easily. Offices do not operate in a vacuum, they receive information which comes inform of invoices, memorandum, correspondence etc., which are sorted out, recorded, codified and properly stored for future references, these places of information could be sorted out alphabetically or chronologically. There is no standard system of record keeping; each organization has it own system of record that suits it. What we regard or know as records come information and only becomes important when they were properly kept for future reference. Records do not come into being at random, their existence and maintenance is deliberated.

therefore, is hardly on organization that has no desire for storing documents. The major problem could be lack of finance, space and equipment for keeping records.

an organization needs storage equipment filling cabinet, desk, drawer, fire resisting equipment etc. As to have an efficient and standard system of keeping records. Having been able to buy the equipment, lack of space can hamper the efficiency of the record-keeping management. For example, many institutions and ministries are operating in rented buildings.

against this background, many records are kept by different offices operating in Nigeria; their records arise from the daily activities in and outside the offices. Various office managers are usually placed in charges of records management in these offices. On the order hand, some organizations do not know the importance of record management. When one goes to an organization to get documented information, what he or she will hear is that the record(s) bearing the information is missing. Thereby causing delay in getting the information. In this regard the researcher wants to make a through research concerning the effects of poor record management in an office organization. Also the research wants to get solution to the problem investigated.

 

1.2   statement of the study

it is a fact that poor record management affects an organization performance. This is because when records are not well kept, it disrupts functions. Hence organization should learn or teach their employees on how to file and keep their files properly. It was also discovered that most organization doesn’t have modern equipment like computer to keep records; lack of accommodation is also one of problems encountered. These are the reason why the researcher wanted to find out the effects of poor records management in an office organization.

 

 

1.3   purpose of the study

  1. The purpose of study is to know the effect of poor records management in an office organization.
  2. To know why some offices in the institution fell to keep records well.
  3. To know the problem associated with record management.
  4. To make suggestion based on the findings and also make recommendation so as to have effective records management in the organization especially in federal polytechnic, oko.

 

1.4   significance of the study

        the study will be of great benefit to organizational managers to know modern ways of keeping records. This study will also help the management to decide to send the workers concerned for in service training so as to improve records management in an organization. The study will also eliminate manpower wastage in organization. It will also help the workers to be aware of proper records keeping.

 

1.5   research questions

to what extent does federal polytechnic, oko keep records of their students?

  1. To what extent does poor record management affect both students and staff of the polytechnic?
  2. What are the courses of poor record management in organization?
  • Does federal polytechnic, oko teach the staff proper records management?
  1. To what extent does poor record management affect organization?
  2. What are the consequences of poor record management?
  3. Does poor record management affect organization performance?

 

  • Scope of the study

The scope of this work is the effects of poor record management in an organization in federal polytechnic oko. In this research work is the effects of poor records management in nigeria with special reference to federal polytechnic, oko.

 

1.7   definition of terms

Recording: this is a process of putting down in writing a permanent account of facts or events persevered for future reference.

Motivation: is a management techniques and a process of stimulating people into action in order to accomplish the desire goal or objective.

Automation: this is the use of different types of machine aided devices to work in an office to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the employ manpower.

Secretary: a secretary is an association to an executive that posses mastery of higher skills, has the ability to take responsibility without much supervision and able to take decision within her/his limit or scope.

Department: is a situation where the activities of an organization are severally divided into sections or group and according to their functions.

Organization: this means the arrangement of the various party allocated with authority and responsibilities so that they work harmoniously towards the attainment of the set goals or objectives.

Computer: is an electronic device that accept data to produce a meaningful information with title or no human intervention.

Computer programme: is a set of instrument which enables.

Management: this is the act of managing ie the managers of an

organization.

 

 

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The effects of organizational structure in the management of organization

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 The effects of organizational structure in the management of organization

(a case study of life vegetable oil, nnewi)

 

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Synopsis

The major purpose of this study is to examine the effect of organizational structure on management with reference to life vegetable nnewi. The population of this study consisted of 90 workers of life vegetable company. The sample of the study was consisted of 40 out of 90 staff of vegetable company oil umudim nnewi.

The sample was drawn using systematic random sampling the data gathering instrument was questionnaire. Three research questions was developed and validated which glided the study. The research designed utilized in the study was a survey method. Sample percentages were used to answer the research questions. The major findings of this study was that the organizational structure has contributed immensely to the efficiency or inefficiency of workers in the organization. The delay in decision making affects the effectiveness or performance of workers in the organization. Organizational structure encourages inefficiency and ineffectiveness. It was concluded that for every company to be effective there must be an organizational structure. And each structure must be doing the right thing at the right time.

The researcher recommended that information is very essential to every organization. Confidential information about the organization should be kept secret, managers should live exemplary lives by avoiding corruption, abuse of power, official indiscipline, favouritism and nepotism ensuring the organizations rules and regulation are implemented.

 

 

Table of content

Chapter one

  • Introduction
  • Statement of problem
  • Purpose of study
  • Significance of the study
  • Research questions
  • Limitation of study
  • Delimitation

Chapter two

2.1   literature review

 

Chapter three

  • Research methodology
    • Target population
    • Sample size
    • Instrument for data collection
    • Authenticity of data collection
    • Data collection techniques
    • Source of data

 

Chapter four

  • Data presentation and analysis

 

Chapter five

  • Conclusion and recommendation
  • Recommendation

References

Bibliography

Appendix

Questionnaire


Chapter one

Introduction

  • Background of the study

The effects of organizational structure on any worth while enterprise cannot be over emphasized. This is because organizational structure hinges on the very foundation of effective business enterprises. The essential element necessary for effective organization this include;

  1. The nature of the establishment itself.
  2. It objectives
  3. Productivity
  4. Services and interaction

For any meaningful business to thrive, these factors must be placed in motion and must work harmoniously amongst each other.

Organization is defined in many ways. In the study of the management, it can be referred in structure of relationship among individuals.

Organizations are primarily complex of goals seeking of unit which in order to survive must accompany secondary task e.g. They must maintain their internal system to co-ordinate the human side of the enterprise and must adapt and to shape the external environment.

Eiton (1984) stated that human affiliation of man could be a motivating force and viewed of the industrial organization as a social and economic as well as technical system.

According to elton, managers should be judged by their ability to maintain co-operation, this implies that once a primary group is seen as motivating force, it may be said that a managerial elite will become absolute as the works, the group itself become the decision making. Whether or not, this is possible. It does appear that changes is needed in inter-personal relations and it is here that management can help by instilling value which permits the expression of feeling and trust and concern for the individual.

The organizational structure is the basic framework within which the executives decision making behaviour occurs. The quality and nature of decision made are influenced by the nature of the organizational structure as an element of management and it concern with grouping of activities which must be grouped logically and authority must be granted so that conflict do not occur.

According to agwu akpala (1988) management is the process of combing and utilizing or allocating organization inputs (men, material and money by planning, organizing, directing and controlling for the purpose of producing outputs goods and services or whatever the objective are desired by the customers so that the organization objectives are accomplished.

In this process, work is performed with and through organization personal is an over changing organization environment. Management can also be defined as the effective and efficient utilization of human resources and non human resources to achieve organizational goals, hence producing goods and services desired by customers. We believe that by this studying the management process, you can increase your effectiveness and efficiency as a manager. To be effective, one need to be combine on his study of management with experience. This means that the management can also be got through experience.

 

 

  • Statement of the problem

The need of the effect of organizational structure on management cannot be over emphasized. This is because goal attainment is an important index in an organization.

Organization structure is a practical division of work, the scalar process and span of management. The quality and worth of any organization depend on the caliber of manager that behind it.

Organization with the effective managers is likely to be successful while those without effective managers may fail. In a developing country like Nigeria, many problems are involved in effect of organizational structure on the management.

 

Poor communication

this means that a manager who does not possess adequate human relation skill with his employees is likely to fail there, as one with adequate human relation skills with his employees to succeed  is  that when there is a good rapour among the managers and the employees, the goal and objectives of the organization is more likely to be achieved but in some organization there is lack of communication or good rapour among the managers and their employees.

 

Lack of raw materials in the organization 

        insufficient resources can hinder productivity of an organization, this means that organizational resources need to be allocated to the various individuals and units and it is a manager who does this in order words he is the resources allocate.

 

Problem of advertisement

this is another problems that hinders some organizations. Some organizational product mere not known by the buyers in the market and his leads to low return rate of the product. Like telephone, radio, magazine and other forms of communication should be improved.

 

Lack of good road

        company or organization with poor road network always loose and this may equally lead them to liquidation. Organization also loose some material that is good facilitated the organization to enable them well carrying out normal operation.

 

Lack of capital

no organization can set up a business without enough capital and no business can survive without making profits. The above study clearly indicate the problems facing organizational structure on management and solution to the problems that may be available.

     

  • Purpose of the study

The major purpose of the study is to examine the effects of the organizational structure on management with the reference to life vegetable on nnewi. Basically, the study aims at:

  1. Find out the meaning of organization structure
  2. To ascertain the position of the organizational structure in life vegetable oil.
  • To ascertain the impact of this organizational structure has made on the workers performance. It is hoped that the result of the study would help to confirm or cancel the view that the effective management depends on the organizational structure with particular reference to life vegetable enterprise.

 

  • Significance of the study

There is urgent need to find out the effect of the organizational structure on management especially at the present time when most of our business enterprise are fast growing.

This study is important in the sense that it will provide vital and desirable information to business institutions especially the vegetable oil industry.

It will help us to know the integral part of our lives and the society we live in. The study will help us to spread knowledge and experience.

It will help students who want to follow the same line of action in their own research project. It will further help to cover conflicts that may occur in an organization.

The study will help employee and employers to know their positions in an organization.

 

  • Research questions

This study sought answers to the following research questions.

  1. What is the meaning of the organizational structure in the life vegetable oil
  2. What is the position of organizational structure in the life vegetable oil?
  3. How does organization structure affects workers performance?

 

  • Scope of the study

Any study or problem solving embarked on is targeted on giving extracting information from a particular environment.

This study is expected, if well handled to cover the effect of organization structure on the management in the life vegetable oil in umudian in nnewi north local government area.

 

  • Definition of terms

Organization:         a group of people who form business club in order to achieve a particular aim.

Structure:              the way in which part of some thing are connected together, arranged and organized.

Management:         act of running and controlling a business or similar organization.

Resources:             something that can be of help to achieve aim.

Advertisement:       creating awareness about a particular job or services.

 

 

 

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The effects of privatization and commercialization policy on national economic development

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The effects of privatization and commercialization policy on national economic development

(a case study of phcn, ekwulobia)

 

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Abstract

The major purpose of this study is to ascertain the effects of privatization and commercialization policy on economic development using power holding company of nigeria ekwulobia as a case study. The reason behind using the power holding company of nigeria is because it is one of the public enterprises that its product has the widest consumption. The population of the study consisted of 254 workers in phcn ekwulobia anambra state. The sample size was determined using yaro yamene formular. The sample of 155 out of 254 was drawn using simple random sampling. Five research questions were formulated which guide the study. A structured questionnaire was developed and validated for use. Table and percentage were used to answer the research questions. The major findings of the study were: (1) there is general discontent by the public about phcn’s services (2) there was serious fluctuating power supply from late 1992 to date (3) political instability has contributed to the problems of phcn (4) phcn has not registered as a public limited company. Thereafter, it was concluded that: (1) the general public were dissatisfied with the poor services of the phcn. (2) the serious fluctuations in the supply of power was caused by breakdown of the power holding company’s power stations. (3) political instability in our country has made it difficult for the successful privatization of phcn. The following recommendations were made: (1) phcn should establish a good public relation. (2) there should be rehabilitation and maintenance of the power stations. (3) efforts should be made by government and stakeholders for a successful privatization and commercialization of phcn.

 

 

 

Table of content

Chapter one

1.0   introduction                                                1

  • Background of the study 2
  • Statement of the problems 5
  • Purpose of the study 7
  • Significance of study 8
  • Research questions 10
  • Scope/delimitation of the study 11
  • Limitations of the study 12
  • Definition of term 13

 

Chapter two

2.0   introduction                                                16

2.1   effects of privatization and commercialization policy                                                       17

  • Privatization and commercialization in other countries                                                        23

2.3   privatization and commercialization

In nigeria                                                            24

2.4   objectives of privatization and commercialization programme.                                                30

  • Effect of sap on electricity supply problems 32
  • Electricity generation and transmission capacities 34

 

  • Sales and revenue collection in a commercialized

Phcn                                                            39

  • Summary in literature review 42

 

Chapter three

3.0   research methodology                                  45

  • Design of the study 45
  • Area of the study 46
  • Population of the study 46
  • Sample size/sampling techniques 46
  • Instrument for data collection 47
  • Reliability and validation of the instrument 48
  • Distribution and retrieval of the instrument 49
  • Method of data analysis 49

 

 

 

Chapter four

4.0   data presentation and analysis                   51

4.1   presentation of findings                               51

4.2   discussion/analysis of findings                   54

 

Chapter five

5.0    summary of findings, conclusion and recommendations                                                57

5.1   summary                                                     57

5.2   conclusion                                                   58

5.3   recommendations                                        59

References                                                   60

Appendix                                                     62

Questionnaires                                            63

 


                          chapter one

1.0                   introduction       

The privatization and commercialization of public enterprises in nigeria was an initiation of the country’s military leaders. The review of the economy in 1985 revealed that most government parastatals were running at great loses. This was attributed to the inefficiency and waste in resource use, as a result of lack of application of capital economic principles in the management of these parastatals.

In an attempt to stem this situation, the babangida administration decided to privatize and/or commercialize some of these obviously ailing public wealth with the hope of reducing government wasteful expenditure and improve income generation through the commercialization principle.

 

1.1  background of the study

        the import substitution policy of the post independence nigeria led to the establishment of industries. Apart from this prime motivation for import substitution, there was the need to create jobs for the growing educated youths, the need of industrialization and the ideological argument that the government should control, regulate and supervise the commending heights of the then nascent economy.

 

Furthermore, there was the need to strive to catch up with the developed countries of the world and since the indigenous businessmen and managers were neither technically nor financially ready to assume the catalyst role which their counterparts in the developed countries were playing; government felt obliged to fill the investment gap. The obvious imperfections in the market oriented economics in terms of resources allocation to the more profitable but less preferred sectors of the economy was yet another reason for government intervention in the economy.

 

the sum total of these is that between 1960 and 1980 the various governments in nigeria both at federal and state levels established numerous industries. The core characteristics of most of these industries were inefficiency in the utilization of resources and their consequent dependence on the public treasury for subvention. Therefore, these adverse operating condition could not make for rational economic decisions. Consequently, these enterprises and their management lost their mission and became pipes for wastages, agencies for political patronage and generally parasites on the national and state treasuries. There then arose the need for reprioritization of economic policies and the need to release the energy in economy suppressed by bureaucracy and undue control.

government at various levels realized that goals of economic growth, full employment and high standard of living could not be actualized without the active participation and leadership of the private sector. There was therefore need for invitation to private individuals and organizations to assume the role of activation and management of the national economy. There was also the need for the infection of private sector enterprises for profitability and efficiency, hence the privatization and commercialization policy.

 

1.2  statement of the problems.

Inefficient management and corruption have bedeviled the power holding company of nigeria (phcn) since its inception. This is most evident in its power generation, transmission, and distribution as well as in its appointment of board members. This inefficiency has subsequently led to inadequate supply of electricity to consumers.

there is also lack of dedication to duty on the part of the staff and management of the corporation. This mostly accounts for the poor financial returns it derives from its services. The staffs are rough in using the company’s equipment and tools in providing electricity to consumers at the expense of the authority. There were complaints of corruption in power distribution whereby the management seeks qualification first before approving of extension of electricity to consumers. This often robs the authority of huge revenue they would had if electricity is distributed without any form of restrictions.

phcn ever since its inception in 2005 from the former nepa has undergone and is still undergoing stringent statutory and administrative control which hinders the management from using their initiatives when necessary.

 

1.3  purpose of study

the major purpose of this study is to determine the effects of privatization and commercialization policy on national economic development of phcn, ekwulobia business unit in anambra state.

Specifically, the study was to:

  1. Determine the durability of phcn’s plant in the generation of electricity.
  2. Determine an efficient method of appointing capable persons into the management level in the enterprise.
  3. Investigate and ascertain if commercialization and privatization of phcn was in line with the objectives of the government on privatization and commercialization.
  4. Ascertain an easy mode of operation in phcn towards ensuring self-sustenance and justification of investment.
  5. Find out effective methods that would enhance the service rendered by phcn to its customers.
  6. Identify better methods by which phcn can effectively collect its services charges.
  7. Suggest means or ways by which phcn can restore public confidence in its service of electricity to consumers.

 

1.4  significance of the study

        very little is known about the privatization and commercialization programme. Consequently, many people are yet to appreciate the reasons and objectives of the programme. This research is significant in the following ways:

  1. It will provide a guide on how the authority can improve its services of electricity to the consumers.
  2. it will highlight means to improve phcn customer relationship.
  • The study will also suggest ways by which the staff can be positively motivated in order to increase their productivity.
  1. This study will recommend better methods for recruiting the management staff that will be more dedicated to the service of the corporation.

 

1.5  research questions

This study sought answers to the following research questions.

  1. Is the partial privatization and commercialization of phcn in line with the federal government policy of handling of the running of public enterprises?
  2. Is it possible for the enterprise to operate effectively on its own without federal government subvention?
  • As a partially privatization and commercialized public enterprise, will phcn be able to restore public confidence through improved services?
  1. Will the partial privatization and commercialization of phcn lead to improvement in its operations?
  2. As a partially privatization and commercialized enterprise, will phcn be able to explore more avenues for revenue generation?

 

1.6  scope/delimitation of study

        this study was delimited to the effects of privatization and commercialization on national economic development. This study will cover specifically, the effects of privatization and commercialization policy using phcn ekwulobia as an area of focus.

 

 

 

1.7  limitations of the study

the followings constitute problems in the process of this research work:

  1. The absenteeism of some phcn staffs ekwulobia business unit leading to poor response in the articulation of questionnaires.
  2. The poor generation of data for an accurate analysis.
  • The attitude of some phcn staffs on the aspect of providing sincere information about their operation.
  1. The composition of the staffs which includes both permanent and part-time workers.
  2. The inability of the top management to response to interview.

 

1.8  definition of terms.

  1. Phcn – power holding company of nigeria. It is the only statutory provider of electricity throughout the whole country. It came into existence in 2005.
  2. Tcpc – technical committee on privatization and commercialization. It is the body set up by the federal government to implement the privatization and commercialization of some public enterprises in accordance with the privatization and commercialization decree no. 25 of 1988. It was established on 27 of july 1988.
  • Privatization: according to ugbo (2003:191) privatization is all about the transformation of public undertaking to a private enterprise organization.
  1. Commercialization: the privatization and commercialization decree of 1988 in ugbo (2003:190) defined commercialization as the reorganization of enterprises wholly or partly owned by the federal government in which such commercialized enterprises shall operate as profit making venture without subventions from the federal government.
  2. Policy – this refers to a plan of action adopted by government or social group towards accomplishing some end for the actions and inactions of the state.
  3. National economic development – this refers to measures put in place by government to develop the sectors of the economy simultaneously to bring in even and rapid development of the nation.

 

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THE ROLE OF PLANNING AND FORECASTING IN BUSINESS ORGANIZATION

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THE ROLE OF PLANNING AND FORECASTING IN BUSINESS ORGANIZATION

(A CASE STUDY OF EASTERN SHOP NIGERIA LIMITED OGUI ENUGU, ENUGU STATE)

 

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ABSTRACT

The role of planning and forecasting in business organization is a topic chosen from the business administration and management field.
The research was conducted mainly to examine the positive and negatives effects of not making good use of planning and forecasting in the business administration of an organization. For effective research on this topic THE ROLE OF PLANNING AND FORECASTING IN BUSINESS ORGANIZATION. Both primary and secondary data were used to elicit information from sample studied, the primary source of data were response form the personal interview which secondary source form textbook on business management and administration and periodicals.
Twenty-five people were interviewed as the sample of the staff and management of EASTERN SHOP NIGERIA LTD.
The data analysis was based on oral interview I had with the staff of Eastern Shop (twenty five) the major finding as follows.

  1. The planning and Forecasting is aids to correct mismanagement in business organization.
  2. And the planning and forecasting gives go ahead over to any individual organization that is going into business to make judicious use of forecasting and planning as a way of success in any business.
  3. Poor Forecasting attitude and inadequate planning
  4. Poor Integration of Forecasting and planning in running of business.

 

                                               TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER ONE
1.1     Introduction
1.2     Background of the Subject Matter
1.3     Problem Associated with the Subject Matter
1.4     The Problem the Study will be concerned with
1.5     The Importance of Study
1.6     Definition of Importance Term

    1. Reference

CHAPTER TWO:         LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1     The Origin of the Subject Matter
2.2     Schools of Thought Within the Subject Area

    1. The schools of Thought Relevant to
    2. The Subject Matter

2.5     Difference Methods of Studying the Problem
2.6     Summary
2.7     Reference

CHAPTER THREE:              CONCLUSION
3.1    Data Presentation
3.2     Analysis of the Data
3.3     Recommendation
3.4     Conclusions
3.5     References

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

1.1     INTRODUCTION
Andreas Faludi states that “Planning and Forecasting is the Queen Mother function of management (organization) and that if planning and forecasting fail what/who will you direct, control, budget, staff, co-ordinate or organize rather than failure and shame”. Again he state of tension resulting from observing unexpected events. (Toulinin,1960).
Planning and Forecasting present efforts to reduce surprise caused by such events by giving practicable accounts of how they come about.”

 

WHAT IS PLANNING AND FORECASTING?
Forecasting is preparing of an organizational future objectives and its current material and personnel inventory, the general or departmental manager makes an estimate of the current material and human resources that will be able to do in the future and how many more human and material resources the organization must hire to meet its goals (Needle 1999:178).
Any business organization without element of forecasting in like driving a car blind- folded and being directed by a man looking out through the back window. Furthermore, forecasting is prediction; it is an effort by enterprises to know what the future holds for it. Henry Fayol speaks of prevalence as the essence of management.

 

According to Fayol “this looking ahead include both assessing the future and making provision for it.
Modern business management has become a complex activity and so there is the need for adequate forecasting, the need for adequate forecasting is apparent from the hey role it plays in planning Koontz et al stated that “as influence in plans of the entire environment outside the enterprises has come to be increasingly recognizes forecasting of the environment has risen in importance”.
The role of forecasting in business organization is so important that it must be adapted by managers. The making of forecasting and their review by manager compel thinking ahead looking to the future and providing for it. Also, the very act of forecasting may disclose areas where necessary control is lacking.

 

PLANNING:
Andreas Faludi state “Man’s understanding of this world and his ability to act in it depends on his constructing an imaginary in his own mind this applies equally well to the planner’s understanding of himself and his appreciation”. Planning in its simplest meaning is the determination of anything in advance of action. Planning is defined by Koontz O. Donneil as, “deciding in advance what to do who is to do it, when to do it and why it should be done”.
Planning bridges the gap from where we are to where we want to go planning can also be defined as “ a predetermined cause of action that helps to provide purpose and direction for members of an enterprise.

 

In designing an environment for effective performance of individual working together in groups, the most essential task is to see that purpose and objective and methods of attaining them are clearly understood. Planning is the first function of a manager. It is necessary if anything or activities is to reach the denied goal. Through planning a manager can approach pre-determined objective rationally. All the work of an executive whether he know it or not, is some way connected with the unfolding of a plan. In identifying the role of planning in business organization, Koontz et al State that, “we are in an economic technological social and political era in which planning like other function of managers has become requisite for enterprise survival”.
Planning is unique in that it established the objective necessary for all group efforts.

 

Planning and Forecasting are important tools of company management and decision- making as they assist in the appraisal of investment project in the analysis measurement and improvement of current marketing strategy and manpower planning and in the identification and development of new products and new market further they promote and facilitate the proper functioning of the many aspects of company’s activities.

 

Planning and Forecasting are compliment in that for a good result both go together they could be regarded as independent parts that make a specified whole writing also in the concept, Koontz O’ Donneil states that forecasting especially where participated throughout the organization may help to unify and co-ordinate plans. By focusing attention on the future, it assists in bringing a singleness of purpose to planning”.

 

 

1.2     BACKGROUND OF THE SUBJECT MATTER
The popular super market called Eastern Shop was established in May 28, 1960 almost five (5) Months after the independence of this country, this took place at Ogui Road Enugu then Anambra State now Enugu State which is formerly known as the headquarters of Eastern Nigeria.
The supermarket is situated opposite Nnamdi Azikiwe Stadium and around it were other big shops like Bubble’s, ABC Transport etc. the amazing thing concerns this shop is that the manager or the sole proprietor is a family man that had engage in other business and finally settle in opening a big supermarket. He entered into the business with little or no experience in the field of supermarket business.
Originally the name of managing director of the supermarket is Chief M.O. Okoli, Ozo Zulu Agulu 1 of Agulu in Aniocha Local Government Area of (old and new) Anambra State. He is one of the pioneer members of Enugu State association of supermarket this was to enable him to curb some of the problems that he is passing and planning in business. The supermarket has other branches in Lagos, and Onitsha. In the establishment, he employed general operation manager (GOM) who sees to the running of the business. The company also has shop manager who direct the affairs of cashier, store manager and restaurant department and report to the GOM. Eastern shop is made up of five (5) departments/ units.

  1. Accounting department
  2. Cashier   department
  3. Store department
  4. Restaurant department
  5. Cold room department

Eastern shop deals mostly on consumer’s goods like cosmetics, wears, candy foods, baby wears and toys. The problem of proper planning and forecasting is among the major problem that limits the more expansion of the business these can be clearly seen from an adage that says “ that business is full of risks”.
Besides, the researchers were able to note the sum of N500 Naira was used as initial capital of the business and today the property of the business is on millions and it have more than twenty people as employees, this simply means that it is no longer small- scale business as the law required. But as a result of inadequate application role of good understanding in the techniques of forecasting and planning integration in business; he cannot make good pricing quality and quantity of product sales.
Since improper planning is as good as not planning at all based on the above promising and manifesting problem, these calls for the researchers to investigate the project topic to help the present situation that is facing the business.

 

 

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THE IMPACT OF MOTIVATIONAL FACTORS ON EMPLOYEE’S PERFORMANCE

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THE IMPACT OF MOTIVATIONAL FACTORS ON EMPLOYEE’S PERFORMANCE

 

 

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ABSTRACT

The word motivation comes from the Latin word EMOVERE which mean to move. Motivation is a general term applying to the entire class of drives, desire, and needs wishes and similar forces inherent in an individual, which make him behave in a particular way.

Thus, motivation could simply refer to as those inner drives that activate, energies of move behavioural patterns of individuals or group and sustain them towards the satisfaction of a felt needs. Motivation is interested in the “WHY” or rationale behind human behaviours. Although not all-human behaviour is motivated, some are based on reflex action, habit or instinct. A manager is only interested in those behaviours that can be motivated when an individual is left with a choice.

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER ONE

1.0    Introduction          –         –         –         –         –         –         –         1

1.1          Statement of General Problem       –         –         –         –         4

1.2          Objective of the Essay           –         –         –         –         –         5

1.3          Significance of the Essay      –         –         –         –         –         7

1.4          Scope and Limitation of the Essay           –         –         –         8

 

CHAPTER TWO

2.O    Literature Review          –         –         –         –         –         –         11

2.1          Definition    –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         12

2.2          Ways of Motivating Employees       –         –         –         –         13

2.3          Factors of Motivation    –         –         –         –         –         –         16

2.4          Theories of Motivation –         –         –         –         –         –         18

2.5          Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory      –         –         –         20

2.6          Herzberg two Factors Theory of Motivation       –         –         22

2.7          Dorglas Mcgregor’s Theory X and Theory Y     –         –         24

2.8          The Expectancy Theory         –         –         –         –         –         26

2.9          Reinforcement Theory –         –         –         –         –         –         28

2.10     Effect of Motivation on Employees performance         –         30

 

CHAPTER THREE

3.0            Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation –         –         37

3.1     Summary    –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         37

3.2          Conclusion –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         38

3.3          Recommendation          –         –         –         –         –         –         39

Reference  –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         41

 

1.0   INTRODUCTION

One of the major problems confronting management today is that of motivating to perform assigned task to meet or surpasses predetermined standard. Motivation is that energizing forces that induces or compels and maintains behaviour. Human behaviour is motivated it is goals directed.

 

It is not easy to motivate an individual, for the success of any motivational effort depends on the extent of which the motivator meets the needs of the individual employees for whom it is intended. Motivation is an internal psychological process whose presence or absence is intended from observed performance.

 

In Nigeria today, lack of proper managerial knowledge, economic depression and high rate of unemployment have made most workers subjected to themselves, to deplorable working conditions, which of course are the catalyst of low performance.

 

The management of most organization tends to believe that workers are satisfied with their job but unfortunately they are not.

 

The disadvantage of these to the employers that workers will not put in their best and the result will be low performance.

 

Managers in most of the organization are aware of the situation in the labour market, and as such went to capitalize on that to subject workers to deplorable working condition. It is when one is satisfied both physically and psychologically that such a person can perform his best. Therefore, intimidating workers or threatening to sack can only worsen the situation. But cannot solve it.

 

Job satisfaction presupposes going to work and getting believed of work done. In Nigeria, most at times, the pay given to a worker is not commensurable to the type of work done. This is the reason why sometimes efficient and experience worker leave an organization for another organization that pay more or stay in the organization and perform below expectation.

 

Job dissatisfaction is quite prevalent in most organization. low performance which comes as a result of job dissatisfaction is always the basis for conflict between organization and workers. Managers always blame the workers for not putting in their best, and on side of the workers they blame management for not providing or creating an enabling environment as in motivation. Whoever may be guilty, the bottom line is satisfying the objective of the organization, which of course is to make enough profit to keep the organization moving.

To meet the above object there need for both the management and employee to reach a consensus, the management meeting the desires of the workers and in turn the employees putting in their best in terms of performance. The workers need security of all types; physical, psychological and economic are important for effective and efficient performance.

Security can serve as an incentive to some individual to remain with the organization and to put in maximum effort in performance.

 

1.1   STATEMENT OF GENERAL PROBLEM

Some organization tends to employ more personnel in order to meet the set target of their organization’s production and to satisfy the primary demand of customer. However, despites all these effort, there could still be inefficiency that is performance could still be below…

 

 

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