THE IMPACT OF PERFORMANCE EVALUATION ON WORKERS PRODUCTIVITY IN NIGERIA

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CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Performance according to oxford advanced learners dictionary (Hornby, 2000) is how well or how badly you do something (ABU 2004) has also described performance as the “effectiveness” and “efficiency” of the workers in achieving individual goods and organizational effectiveness.

 

Evaluation on the other hand is forming an opinion of the amount, value or quality of something after thinking about it carefully while productively is the rate at which a worker produces goods and the amount produced compared with hoe much time work and money is needed to produce them.

 

Performance evaluation is system which provides organizations with a means of identifying not only what people’s performances levels are but in which areas, such performance needs to improves, if the human resources utility is to maximized (Abu 2004).

 

Ebreo (2004) asserts that employee performance makes the greatest impact in any business. Failure to deliver expected results can greatly affect productivity, quality and profitability. Most managers attribute employee performance to knowledge, skills and attitude. There are however more factors that affect performance than these, which if not met may compromise effective performance.

 

He further viewed that the person to do the job should be able to understand and accept which and what kind of control are in place. Lack of control can lead to inadequate performance, lack of understanding can also lead to inadequate performance. At the unset, it should be agreed between both the employer and employee. What timeline to follow, how productivity and quality is going to be measured and how this will impact the persons performance. It should also be made clear how progress is going to be monitored and what to do if performance does not meet expectations.

 

 

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The essence of performance evaluation is to evaluate performance of employee and develop them for the present and future need, had been successful through with some problems which underlines its success and are stated as follows.

a. Can performance evaluation have impact on workers productivity?
b. Is the problem caused by the unrealistic methods of its approach?
c. Could it be traceable to incompetent appraisers involved in the appraisal systems?
d. Could it be due to lack of adequate communication to employees and their non involvement in the evaluation exercise.

 

 

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THE IMPACT OF PRODUCTION PLANNING AND CONTROL ON PRODUCTIVITY IN THE MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY
(A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIAN BOTTLING COMPANY [COCA-COLA] KADUNA)

 

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ABSTRACT

This research work, accessing the impact of production planning and control on productivity in the manufacturing industry. This study is focused on Nigeria Bottling Company (Coca-Cola), Kaduna. The study covers five chapters, Chapter one introduces the subject matter and spells out the significance of the study. Chapter two make criteria review of the current literature on the subject matter. The third chapter presents the methods of data collections, chapter four shows the presentations and the analysis of the data collected from the respondents. The fifth chapter shows the summary, recommendation and conclusion. The population for this study covers three hundred staff of Cocacola, the researcher randomly selects thirty staff as his sample size. The hypothesis formulated of his study includes: H0: Effective production planning and control do not enhance organizational productivity. H1: Effective production planning and control enhance organizational productivity. Data collected were presented and analyzed in a tabular form using percentage. It was further tested with the use of chi-square and hypothesis was confirmed.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study – – – – – – 1
1.2 Statement of the Problem – – – – – – 3
1.3 Objectives of the Study – – – – – – 4
1.4 Statement of Hypothesis – – – – – – 5
1.5 Significance of the Study – – – – – – 5
1.6 Scope of the Study – – – – – – – 5
1.7 Limitations of the Study – – – – – – 6
1.8 Historical Background of the Case Study – – – 7
1.9 Definition of Terms – – – – – – – 8

CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 The Meaning of Production – – – – – – 10
2.2 Production Planning – – – – – – – 12
2.3 Production Control – – – – – – – 18
2.4 Planning and Control – – – – – – – 20
2.5 Relationship between Production Planning and Control – 25
2.6 Production Design and Process Planning – – – 25
2.8 Basic Alternative/Process Selection – – – – 27
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Design – – – – – – – 30
3.2 Research Population – – – – – – – 30
3.3 Sample Size and Sampling Techniques – – – – 31
3.4 Methods of Gathering Data – – – – – – 31
3.5 Justification of Method Used – – – – – 33
3.6 Method of Data Analysis – – – – – – 34
3.7 Justification of Instrument Used – – – – – 34
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
4.1 Data Presentation – – – – – – – 35
4.2 Data Analysis – – – – – – – – 43
4.3 Test of Hypothesis – – – – – – – 46

CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Summary – – – – – – – – – 49
5.2 Conclusion – – – – – – – – – 49
5.3 Recommendations – – – – – – – 50
References – – – – – – – – 52
Appendix – – – – – – – – – 54

 

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Production Planning and control are terms that though commonly used have witness a lot of changes both in meaning and scope in the past four years, for example, based on the extended view of production to include the tradition of all of production services both as discipline of study and as a profession can now be practiced in all kind of organization. As in other field of management, planning and control forms the primary function of the production management. It is for this reason that this research has decided to take a critical look at production, planning and control as practiced in beverage industrial sector of the Nigeria economy. This is informed by the variety of major product and beverage produce in industry as exemplified by Nigerian Bottling Company (NBC) Kaduna.

 

Buffa (2002) defined production as the process by which goods and services are created. Production cab be regarded as the central focus of any manufacturing concern. It is that stage where the real action takes place i.e. the transformation of raw materials (input) into finished products (output). The planning and control operation are necessary because in every manufacturing unit there are people, machine and materials. There is the need to plan all expensive resources required for production in order to make effective use of them and maximize profit making for the organization.
Modern production is complex hence both technologically related operation and administrative activities must therefore be planned carefully to make account of all the possible restructure, constraints and advantages. In planning to meet order at less cost in the object of production planning.

 

According to Mayer (2002), there is a logic behind the operation of the production process, it sterns from the types of technology as well as in type of production in the particular manufacturing process.

 

Wild (2002) defined production as a managerial function that tends to design, plan what to produce, when to produce, where to produce and for whom to produce, the quantity, the quality to produce and for whom to produce. These function attempts to define the key decision model involved in production i.e. the long term and the short term planning and as well as identify the procedure and their control in a cost effective way.

 

Apple (2002) defined it as the activity of transforming raw material or component into finished product” whatever the definition it is clear that production essentially entails the production of goods and services.
Production planning involve not only the types of operation to the used but the order of these operations as well as a time or duration the operation should take how the plan should be laid out.

 

 

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Most organization production certainties are slow and time given to complete a given task always exceeds the expected given time. This study intends to investigate and know the reasons behind productivity among the employees.
And also a times, the use of quantitative techniques in assigning jobs in an organization, it is properly maintained, they get short of material due to lack of good control of stock. The scope and concept of production management is not fully known in some managers. The problem of production planning and control will be discussed in this work and solution.
Lastly, the study intends to know the problems associated with activities of planning in relation to Cocacola Production and Solution suggested.

 

 

1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The following are the objectives of this study:

 

 

 

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THE IMPACT OF QUALITY CONTROL ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE IN PEUGEOT AUTOMOBILE NIGERIA PLC

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CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.0 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
The ultimate or core aim of an organization in this world today with the level of competition is to maximize profit and the satisfaction of consumers need through quality product irrespective of competitors and this can be achieved by quality control in an organization.

Quality is concerned with fitness or proper quality of product and it also goes with it price and delivery quality control takes this form of fitting standard quality, according to specification delivery and to schedule, the process through which the establish and need standard is commonly call “control series” this process consist of university accepted series of steps applied to problems quality to follows:
i. Choosing the control subject that is selecting what is to be regulated.
ii. Selecting a standard values that is specifying the quality characteristics
iii. Creating sourcing services which can measure these characteristic in terms of unit of measure
iv. Interpretation the difference between actual and standard decision making and acting on the difference.
When the universal regulatory process as in the above is applied to problem of product quality.
It is often called “quality control” quality control have many definition such as.

Quality control is an attempt to identify and analyze weakness in product and decide on how best it is to decide with those problem or weakness so that the organization will grow.
Sometimes, the problem with a product is not that it fails to perform to specification but rather that it does not offer any significant advantage over competitors products already in the market.
Organization may have employees that are able and having appropriate equipment that leads to the increase in productivity yet sales falls below. Expectation the missing factors in many cases is the lack of effective quality control model in the organization.
A manager in any organization needs to have technical knowledge and competence about their product and best control model to be adopted and the best way of handling them effectively.
¬

 

1.1 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Quality control cannot be ignored if meaningful goals and objectives are expected to be achieved.
Quality must be control as well as all other resources use in ensuring quality product. Currently Nigeria major problems in quality control is the use of outdated or inappropriate technology and lack of managerial experience is another problem facing quality control.
The success of our present day industries depends on how to manage our resources and to enhance growth and development for the success of industrialization to this end this research is preoccupied Peugeot automobile (Nig.) Kaduna.

 

 

1.2 BACKGROUND OF THE ORGANIZATION
The…

 

 

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THE IMPACT OF RECRUITMENT METHOD ON NIGERIA CIVIL SERVICE
A CASE STUDY OF KADUNA STATE CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION

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ABSTRACT

Procurement of personnel is the first operative function of personnel department. Effective personnel administration is geared towards acquisition, accumulation and stable knowledge of job requirement in each organization and to ensure that their requirement are met through requirement, selection and placement i.e it is the responsibility of the personnel department to recruit, select and place staff in each section of the organization. Again it is the responsibility of the personnel officer to determine and locate personnel officer to determine and locate personnel requirement, including qualification and experience in relation to the general personnel policy.

 

The main objective of this project, is to enable the researcher know what actually recruitment, selection and placement is all about and enable him to know whether Kaduna State Civil Service Commission is utilizing the principle of recruitment, selection and placement during the course of its exercise because it seems as not all the tribe in the local governments in the state have equal number of officer or filled their quota in the state civil service and if not why.
The chapter is divided in to five chapters.

Chapters one comprises the introductory part while chapter two review related literature on the subject matter, chapter three narrated the method use in gathering data while chapter four analyze and interpret the data collected.

Finally chapter five review the whole chapters and makes conclusion and recommendations.

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter I
Introduction 1
Background of the Study 1
Statement of the Problem 8
Aims and Objectives of the Study 9
The Significance of the Study 10
Scope and Limitation of the Study 10
Limitation of the Study 11
Statement of Hypothesis 11
Definition of Key Concepts 12

 

Chapter II
Literature Review 14
Introduction 14
Definition of Personnel Management 15
Method of Filling Vacancies 18
Condition of Services 25

 

Chapter III
Research Methodology 27
Introduction 27
Research Method 27
Research Population 27
Method of Data collection 28
Method of Data Analysis 32

 

Chapter IV
Data Presentation and Analysis 33
Research Findings and Hypothesis Testing 42

 

Chapter V
Summary, conclusion and Recommendation 43
Summary 43
Conclusion 45
Recommendations 46
Bibliography 49

 

 

 

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The concept of personnel management is a common term to mean management of staff in an organisation. The conceptual approach refers to the administration of staff matters in an organisations. The operational approach deals with what personnel officers naturally do. The major functions of personnel management deal with the general administration perform by personnel officers such as staffing, training programs, salary, administration, motivation of workers, integration of the worker force and separation matters.

 

Personnel management is also responsible for handling staff matters such as recruitment, selection and placement of employees in their various places of work in organisation, compensation, fringe benefit, integration of workers or brings together the interest of the worker with that of the organisation objectives, so that worker don’t pursue their personal goals, motivation or understanding the needs of the workers which brings better integration and separation of workers through retirement, termination, dismissal of appointment and death.

 

It is much easier to describe what personnel officer do than it is to define difference between an effective and an ineffective one. The personnel officers often conduct his operating function without yardstick of excellence and merely rate himself/herself against certain checklists of activities which are carried on my many personnel officers have been excessively concerned in recent years with activity and some what less about input.

 

The system of management by (MBO) proposes that the first step in managing would be a clear definition of output expected. This would then followed by taking count of limited resource available to achieve the objective and then the conduct and control of activities. Because of the importance to personnel management in an organisation especially the teachers have choose this topic with a case study of Kaduna State Civil Service Commission and also that their various instruments of data collection will be explored and these includes, the questionnaire, interview and documentary method.

 

 

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE KADUNA STATE CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION
The present Kaduna State Civil Service Commission came into being since the creation of Kaduna State in 1976 after the abolition of North Central State by the Murtala Regime.
The Civil Service Commission has a constitutional right of existence as provided for in section 197 of the constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria of 1999, and the appointment of the chairman and members, except in the case of ex-officio members or where other provisions are made in this constitution, the chairman of this constitution, be appointed by the Governor of the State, and the appointment shall be subjected to confirmation by resolution of the House of Assembly of the State.

 

The membership of the civil service commission are appointed from suitable qualified citizens, whose wealth of management, and proven integrity are not in doubt, particularly from the retired senior public servants.
They (members) shall hold office for a tenure of 5 years and shall not be dissolved until found wanting by 2/3 of the members of the State House of Assembly or until the tenure expires.

 

POWERS, FUNCTIONS AND RESPONSIBIITIES OF THE COMMISSION
The Kaduna State Civil Service Commission is vested with among others, the powers of appointment of all persons into the State Civil Service, confirmation of appointment, discipline, promotion, retirement, withdrawal of service, advancement, transfer of service, acceptance or otherwise of resignation of appointment as established by the provision of the Federal Republic of Nigeria constitution 1999. In exercising these powers, the commission is guided by the provision of the scheme of service, civil service rules, civil service regulations, establishment circulars and any other rules and regulations that might be enforced from time to time.
Delegation of Powers In pursuance of these duties, the civil service commission delegates the power of control and discipline, regarding and upgrading, confirmation of appointment of officers either on temporary, permanent or acting basis on GL 01 to 06 permanent Secretary and heads of departments. The exercise of these powers is subject to the approval of civil service commission. The delegation could be withdrawn if the commission observes that the powers have been abused.

 

Department of the Civil Service Commission

The commission has three (3) departments, these are, administrative and finance department, planning research and statistic department and recruitment and training department.
The commission is consisting of a chairman, commissioner, in which they have commissioner I, II, III and commissioner IV. The commission also have the permanent secretary and all the department have directors and some others schedule officers in the commission. We have executive officers,

 

 

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THE IMPACT OF TIME MANAGEMENT IN EMPLOYEE PRODUCTIVITY IN ORGANIZATION (CASE STUDY OF UBEC

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CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Organization comprises of individuals performing various activities which enable them to achieve objectives for which they are established.

Cole (2002) says that these various tasks varies in time span that is the time required to perform a specific task in organization varies from job to job hence the need for effective management of time by the organization is discharged of various organizational responsibilities.

It is against this backdrop that Tailor (1977) developed “the time and motion study” time and motion study which reveals exactly how long it takes to perform a task and the best way to perform it.

This enables organization to know how much output they can expect in a given time in support to this principles. Taylor (1977) demonstrates the benefit of increase employees productivity and earnings which he had obtained at the Bethlehem steel works.

He described to his critics an experiment with two shoulders “first class shoulders” in his word whose effort were timed and studies each man had his own personal shovel which he used regardless of the type of coal being shifted.

At first the average shovel load was about 38 pounds and with this loan each man handled about 25 tons of materials a day. Daily tonnage up to 30 eventually it was found out that with smaller shovels averaging about 21 pounds per load the daily output rose even higher.

George and James (1996) says that management is prioritizing and estimating techniques that allow workers to identify the most importance task and fit them with their daily work schedule.

This enable workers to make better use of their time whenever we went to perform some task. We are not presently doing this, so we have to displace other activities to make room for it. There it lies the secret of what it referred to as effective time managements to be effective we displace less importance task with more important ones that have stress. If we tend to be objective about time. We will discover that for every reward that we receive either in a given labour it is not for the effort of the job rendered but for the time involved or time taken to do such a job.

Cordiner (1990) says that effective impact of time management is everything in every viable organization. There exist variety of techniques that organization can employ to ensure effective and efficient impact management of time by employees to enhance its productivity.

This study is an attempt to identity these techniques and how the impact of time management enhances an employee productivity in organization.

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM.
This study is concerned with the impact of time management on employees productivity at the Kaduna State Universal Basic Education Board. It has been noticed that most organization tends to experience the problem of management of time in what is set in motion to achieve. Thus, the study intends to find out the role of time management or the absence of it in achieving employees productivity among staff of the State Universal Basic Education Board.

The question that one will like to ask include is it due to poor time management that production among staff of the Universal Basic Education Board is not efficient and effective or;

At what level do staff of the state universal Basic Education Board effectively utilize time management to achieve productivity?.

1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The main propose of this study is to find out the impact of time management in the productivity of…

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