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EMPLOYEE WELFARE PROGRAMME IN NIGERIA

EMPLOYEE WELFARE PROGRAMME IN NIGERIA 

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ABSTRACT

In this study an attempt was to determine the Employees welfare in Nitel Limited. In chapter one of this project, it was the introduction which contains the background of the study here in Nigeria.  In chapter two, the literature review, where I discussed the meaning and nature of Employees welfare.   The origin of the subject area, the school of though relevant to the problem of study and different method of studying the problem.

In chapter three of the project I discussed the topic in data presentation, data analysis, recommendation and finally conclusion, some of the reasons for accepting employees development and motivation.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page

Approval Page

Dedication

Acknowledgment

Abstract

Table of Contents

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

1.1             Background of the Study

1.2             Statement of the Problem

1.3             Objective of the Study

1.4             Significance

1.5             Scope of the Study

1.6             Reference.

CHAPTER TWO:         LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1             Origin of the Subject Matter

2.2             School of Thought Within the Subject Matter

2.3             School of Thought Relevant to the Problem

2.4             Different Method of Studying the Problem

2.5             Definition

2.6             Reference.

CHAPTER THREE

3.1             Conclusion

3.2             Data Presentation

3.3             Recommendation

3.4             Conclusion

3.5             Reference.

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

 

INTRODUCTION

1.1     BACKGROUND ON THE SUBJECT MATTER-NITEL

The Nigeria Telecommunication Limited (NITEL) come into existence in January 1985 as a result of the merger between the former Nigeria External Telecommunication limited (NET) and the Telecommunication, sector of the former Post Telecommunication Department (P&T), by the Federal Government.   The reason for the merger as advised by the government were the compatibility of service equipment and the streamlining of activates in both NET & P & T it was envisaged that NITEL will definitely create harmonization and complimentarily of services which up till the merger, were handled by NET (External and P & T (international).

Unlike most government parastatals, NITEL was created to render its service at a profit.   The company is not only self-financing but serves as a source of revenue per government.   It would be recalled that with NET & P & T, the parent bodies, were solely owned by the federal government hence NITEL could be described as the “Bain child” of government.   The main objective of the company is other provision of telecommunication services both internally and internally through in a combination of communication satellites, submarine cable of microwave links and the high frequency radio network.   The telecommunication services provided by NITEL include the following (both internal and external)

1)                 Telephone Service

2)                 Telex service

3)                 Telegram service

4)                 Press recreation

5)                 Presses international direct delivery service (100)

6)                 Voice cast

7)                 Zeased Grant

8)                 Photo telegrams

9)                 Ship shore service

10)            Television courage the satellite.

11)            High frequency radio service.

The above service are being rendered to the public by NITEL at us head offices in Lagos and at its branches all across the nation on a 24 hours daily basic.

The important of the above service cannot be overstated in the development of our country’s economy.   It is a know fact that communication is and essential and vital means of efficiency one not only desirable but inevitable if the nation must achieve of economic objective and maintains its proper place in the comity of nations.

NITEL in its strive of producing improved and efficient telecommunication service in segmented into five zones of operations, with the national headquarters in Lagos.   The zones are:

1)                 Lagos

2)                 South West

3)                 South East

4)                 North West

5)                 North East

The zones are further divided into 23 territories, all across the 21 states of the federations including the Federal Capital Territory Abuja.

The company is structured into a division for proper and effective administration.   Each division is headed by a direction or general manager, as the case may be.   There are two deputy managing director who co-ordinate the division together for achieving the company’s objectives, the company as a whole is being headed by a managing director.   At the top of the organization hierarchy, the company has a beard of director comprising the chairman, the managing director, the two deputy managing directors and heads of division and zones, as well as the company secretary I Lager Adviser.   The organization is really a complex one and was a designed to case the achievement of the company objectives.

In the area of administration the company had formulated many new polities.   One of such polities includes the recently revised fringes benefit schemes.

1.2     STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

Problem of administration of employee welfare Administration of employee welfare programme are fraught with complex problem’s some of these problems device from the installation of the welfare programmes, other purely from inherent bureaucratic procedures.

A few of these problems are:

1)                 Accounting problem.

2)                 Telex service

3)                 Telegram service

4)                 Press recreation

5)                 Press international direct service (100)

6)                 Voice cast

7)                 Leased telegrams

8)                 Photo telegrams

9)                 Ship shore service

10)            Television coverage via satellite

11)            High frequency video service

The above service are being rendered to the public by NITEL at its head office in Lagos and its branches all across the nation on a 24 hours daily basic.

The importance of the above service cannot be overstated in the development of our company’s economy.   It is a known fact communication in an essential and vital means of development in terms of peace and war.   Its effectiveness and efficiency are not only disabling, but inevitable of the nation must achieve its economic objective and materials its proper place in the country of nations.

NITEL in its strike of providing improved and efficient telecommunication services is segmented into five lines of operations with the national headquarters in Lagos.  The lines are:

6)                 Lagos

7)                 South West

8)                 South East

9)                 North West

10)            North East


1.3     OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

1.       Accounting problem:

The curse of accounting problem facing managers is the fact that very few companies maintain a break-down of the costs of these fringe benefits to reflect.

a)                 Cost per employee per year

b)                Percentage of payroll made up of fringe benefit costs.

c)                 Cost per employee per hour-actual productive hour worked.

In companies where any regular fringe account at all is attempt, it is likely to be a terms of total (naira) cost of fringe benefits and total schedule hours to work.

2.       Eligibility Problem:

The issue of those who are eligible for fringe benefits; has a profound effect on the cost of the programmes.   The more liberal the eligibility rules the higher the cost.   For example, some companies do not allow their new employees to enjoy certain benefits until their precautionary period is over.   Sometimes, some companies do restrict the eligibility of employees for a particular benefit plant a specified categories or levels of employees.

3.       Employee financing:

Should employee make any contribution to the expense of the firm’s benefits programmes? Most union and employees are strongly opposed to “contributory” programmes.   Since many employees feel that they have earned the benefits that they are being grated, they cannot understand why they should pay part of the cost any more from their own wages.

4.       Financial Problem:

Many companies introduce some benefits plan when it is financially sound and tend to run into trouble when they can no longer support the plan financially.

Management must therefore realize that when it introduces a benefit plan it premises some part of the firm’s economic resources.   Even where there are no legal obligation to do so, employee often feel that management has made a moral commitment to continue the programme, the management should face the problem of having to make through, realistic evaluation of its cost, both short-term and long-term.   But the management finds itself incapable of continuing a programme; it would bring the company’s plight before the union so that renegotiations would take place for trading of the programme.

5.       Other Problems:

There are so many other problems such as difficulty in making accurate predictions of the cost of benefit programmes, as they have the tendency to grow more expensive over time; freezing the mobility of labour among rank and file workers; change in the national economy etc.

1.4     SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

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CAREER OPPORTUNITIES FOR ADULT EDUCATION GRADUATES IN ENUGU STATE NIGERIA

CAREER OPPORTUNITIES FOR ADULT EDUCATION GRADUATES IN ENUGU STATE NIGERIA.

 

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ABSTRACT

This study aims at identifying the career opportunities open to adult education graduates in Enugu State.
As a guide to the study, some research question is posed based on the following.  Identifying people’s awareness of these adult education graduates and their job potentials.
Whether they are embracing this new programme in the field of learning with enthusiasm.  And if they are aware of job opportunities available for them.  Whether the employers of labour are also aware of these people content in this regard. Questionnaires items are used to obtain data from four groups of people, who are: employers of labour, adult educators, adult education undergraduates and adult education graduates.
The data collected are analyzed using chi-square statistical formula to analyze them.
The following among other things are:-

  1. The graduates (adults) are not aware of their job potentials and even where they can find such job other than teaching.
  2. People are aware of these people’s potentials including the employers of labour.
  3. That people embraces the programme with enthusiasm.

Based on the above findings the following recommendations were made:
That NUCAE should be involved in creating awareness to people and the employers.
There should be oneness in teaching sector to avoid non-indigene syndrome.
Companies should send their staff for further training to take jobs that are storage to them.
There should be constant review of teaching style in these instructions to match the even increasing change of today’s affairs.  And many others.

 

CHAPTER ONE

    1. Introduction
    2. Background of the study
    3. Statement of the study
    4. Purpose of the study
    5. Scope of the study
    6. Research questions
    7. Research hypothesis
    8. Significance of the study
    9. Definition of terms

References

CHAPTER TWO

  1. Literature review

2.1     Adult and adult education

    1. Career guidance/education
    2. Career within an organization
    3. Career dilemma and career plateau
    4. Adult literacy and career motive

References

CHAPTER THREE

  1. Research design and methodology

3.1     Research design
3.2     Area of the study
3.3     Population of the study
3.4     Sample and sampling procedure technique
3.5     Instrument of data collection
3.6     Validation of the instrument
3.7     Reliability of data study
3.8     Method of data collection
3.9     Method of data analysis

CHAPTER FOUR
4.0     Data presentation and analysis

    1. Presentation and analysis of data
    2. Testing of hypothesis
    3. Summary and results

References

CHAPTER FIVE
5.0     Discussion, recommendation and conclusion

    1. Discussion and result/findings
    2. Implication of the research findings
    3. Conclusion
    4. Recommendations
    5. Suggestion for further research

Reference
Bibliography
Appendix

 

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

    1. INTRODUCTION

Education as a hallmark in this writing has to be originally talked about before conceptual purpose with which the researcher wants to write about Education.
Education in the broad science means more than intellectual aspect of it.  A.B Fafunwa (1991) knowledgeable states that in the beginning of the world, Adam saw the animals first before he named them therefore, no study of history of education particularly in Africa is complete without adequate knowledge of the traditional or indigenous educational system prevalent in Africa before the important religion which have influenced Nigeria education in no small measure are of recent development compared with the indigenous system of education which is as old as man himself in Africa.

 

Dr P. Eya (1993) on the same note said that, every society, simple or complex has it’s own system for training and educating it’s youth, and education for the good life has been one of the most persistent concerns of men.
Based on this acceleration, the period between 1976-1980 witnessed an unprecedented growth at the level of education – primary, secondary and tertiary institutions in Nigeria, which in the same vein witnessed the emergency of adult education in this different learning sector.
Adult education is such a relatively new field of social practices that is still in the process of forming new identity.  Adult education describes the process of adult learning in its broadest sense.  It encompasses practically all experiences of matured men and women by which they acquire new knowledge, understanding, skills, attitudes, interests of values.  It is a process used by adults on their self development, both alone and with others which is also used by institutions of all kinds for the growth and development of their employees, members and clients.
Adult education when compared with other discipline within the field of education has just emerged unlike older disciplines which have enjoyed systematic research and training.
This exercise is tackled individually based on orientation, environment, motives, privileges etc.  It could even occur as restraining in an organization or even for some other motives irrespectively.

 

 

Adult education is also a concept.  The acquisition of reading and writing skills which are to be applied for the development of the community.  Adult education is concerned with social welfare of agricultural extension and community development.  Adult education can be seen to contribute immensely to the growth and development of a society.  It is a lucrative profession that extends in many directions and not only in teaching profession, hence listing of job potentialities of adult educators.

 

 

Based on the above knowledge of adult education worldwide which is newly spreading up like a wide fire, the state is not left out in this educational exuberance, it is on this that in the year 1973 emerged the ABC university of the air with a view to be co-operating with the Institute of Management and Technology Enugu and University of Nigeria Nsukka Programme respectively.  The name is popularly known as School of Staff Development and Distance Education (SDDE) UNIAIR.  Then, it has time table and courses for the students.

 

 

    1. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The UNIAIR, in other words, Staff Development and Distance Education (SDDE) of adult education unit of Institution of Management and Technology (IMT) Enugu, and being the unit on an integral point considered among others in Enugu Metropolis for the purpose of the writing.
This sector of the discipline started in 1978, (SDDE IMT) in conjunction with University Nigeria Nsukka with a view to have combined programme.  Their aim is to achieve the following objectives:-

  1. To include academic, political, scientific, social religion and economic knowledge in students in particular and the public in general.
  2. To create a general desire for knowledge
  3. To aid teachers in schools
  4. To supplement the work of teachers in the class
  5.  To create an awareness of acceptable life goals and values
  6. To provide extra opportunity for learning
  7. To explain National Educational policies to people who might benefit from them.
  8. To provide a form of education for educational planners to know what people think about their plans.

However, it was in paramount effort to achieve the sixth objectives above that then Anambra Broadcasting Corporation Institute as (SDDE) department.
The school has presently the following ND/OND certificate to offer with lecturers in the diverse course in the department.

  1. ND/HND Uru Mr Business Administration and Management (BAM)
  2. ND/HND UNIAIR Accountancy
  3. ND/HND UNIAIR Secretarial Administration
  4. ND Man Power Development
  5. ND UNIAIR Mass Communication

 

They also other the same number of courses with their counterparts in the full time programme in the above listed certificate programme.
The school has risen the inception, turns out barges of graduates.  All these departments are under the school of continuing education IMT Enugu which adult literacy was the conceptual aim with which it was established.

 

This acceleration period of 1976-1980 unprecedented growth in education of both junior and adult education, included the school of continuing education SDDE, UNIAIR Programme in IMT etc.  This growth is witnessed by other institutions of higher learning who indulge in the same adult education programme exercise OKO Polytechnic, UNN, Esut, etc are all in the game.

See:   Diagram of Departmental Heads

 

 

                                                                   HOD
HOD SDDE                                                PRELIM               HOD Part-time

 

BAM          Accountancy                                               Accountancy
Extra Moral         Evening programmes
Studies

          Sec. Administration

Mass                                        Manpower                               Basic studies
Comm.                                    Development

JAMB POLY

    1. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

 

In the recent past, the Federal Government of Nigeria launched education for all by the year 2000.  To this gesture, Adult education exercise prompted up in many institutions of higher learning in Nigeria but the main aim with which this was launched, is still lingering.  These adult education graduation graduates who are opportune to gain from they still find it difficult to make career opportunities in the fields.
They, in most cases do not even know on identify the possible employment opportunity options available to them other than teaching career.  These graduates also complained that the employers are ignorant of the purpose and content of the adult education programme, thereby refusing to employ them in other jobs they are qualified for.

 

This overwhelming ignorance which embrace the whole aspect of the sector of education is also due to lack of efficient and effective guiding principle by the adult educators who in their own ignorance do not know even how to start to blend the education of adult and the subsequent awareness to the masses so that the participants in the programme and employers themselves will be well aware of these people’s ability in handling jobs and to avoid reluctance in participation by these adults.
In the light of the above facts, this study is designed to investigate career opportunities available to the adult education graduates in Enugu State.

 

 

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Impact Of Total Quality Management On Production Cost Of An Organization

Impact Of Total Quality Management On Production Cost Of An Organization
(A Case Study of Nigeria Bottling Company Plc, Kaduna)

 

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Abstract

 

This research seek to identify the impact of total quality management on production cost of an organization in Nigeria bottling company Plc, Kaduna Plant as a case study. Background of the study create awareness on total quality management as the hub for customers satisfaction quality become a primary source of global competitive advantages, and lead indicator for improved profitability. The statement of problem layered more emphasis on poor quality of product and personnel and the management behaviors towards the concept of Total Quality Management. The research work also attempted to identify the methods of quality control, cost of product, cost components that make up production cost and as Total Quality Management can reduce cost. The researcher went further to review related literatures on the project topic such as Evaluation and definition of Total Quality Management. The traditional vs Total Quality Management approach, as well as quality and product cost. The research methods use in the collection of data the justification for using the method as well as the statistical instrument used is established. These is one research hypothesis for which the questionnaire is drown and designed, administered to sample size of 25 respondents of the organization in question.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Table of contents

CHAPTER ONE: introduction

1.1     Background of the study .                                                           1

1.2     statement of problem                                                                   2

1.3     Objective of the study                                                                  3

1.4     significance of the study                                                              4

1.5     Scope of the study                                                                       4

1.6     Research Questions                                                                      5

1.7     Definitions of the Terms                                                              5

CHAPTER TWO: literature review

2.1     Evaluation of Total Quality Management                                     7

2.2     Conceptual Framework Quality                                                   9

2.3     Cost of Quality                                                                            13

2.4     Quality Determinants                                                                   16

2.5     Dimensions of Quality                                                                 19

2.6     Responsibility for Quality                                                            20

2.7     Quality Control                                                                            25

2.8     inspection                                                                                    27

2.9     Cost of Quality Product                                                               32

CHAPTER THREE: Research Methodology

3.1     Area of the Study                                                                        39

3.2     Research Design                                                                          39

3.3     Population of the Study                                                             39

3.4     Sampling and sampling Techniques                                             40

3.5     Instrumentation for Data Collection                                             40

3.6     Administration of the Instruments                                               40

3.7     Techniques for Data Analysis                                                      41

CHAPTER FOUR: Data Presentation and Analysis

4.1     Data Presentation                                                                         42

CHAPTER FIVE: summary, conclusion, and Recommendations

5.1     Summaries of Procedures                                                           47                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    5.2     Discussion Findings                                                                    48

5.3     Implication of Findings                                                               49

5.4     Conclusions                                                                                 50

5.5     Recommendations                                                                       51

5.6     Suggestion for further Study                                                       53

5.6     Bibliography                                                                                54

Appendix

 

CHAPTER i: Introduction

1.1     Background of the Study

Total quality management is known as the primary role of management to lead an organization in its daily operations and maintains it as a viable entity into the future. Quality has become an important factor in these. Although ostensibly always. an objective of business is customer in customer terms, because a specific goal in the late 1980’s provide higher quality are recognized as a key element for success, most large operations taking that path have document the success, first they survived the competitors that has set the higher quality levels and now have regained some of their former market. Total Quality Management is perhaps the leading management approach that compares employed to improve their product and services, quality with the aim of improving typical measures of business performance. (e.g profit, increased market share reduced cost). The Japans have capture more than 30% of the American and electronic markets. It was achieved by offering higher value products. In response to the boom in the competitor market, many American firms have implemented require the integration of Human resources, production engineering store and purchasing marketing, distribution, and planning is a continuous improvement process; it is much wider than the traditional quality view of incoming inspection and process control. It means that the entire organization is working as a team including the cooperate top managers and each an every employee, it is on innovative way of thinking that affect the culture, the strategy and technology of company. The organization needs a holistic approach so that every department in the organization should come together for cost reduction and improve products, approach will reduce cost and quality will be achieve for competitive advantage.

 

 

1.2 Statement of the Problem

This Empirical research has identified some general problems that are associated with Total Quality Management which are listed below. One of the problems is the failure of organization to understand the importance of material quality control and often ignore its application. This has led to the receipt of low quality and substandard lots of materials into the in process, culminating in poor quality out put and increased cost for these organizations.

The problem of organization over-relying on suppliers ability as a result of trust thereby falling to check and/or monitor the incoming materials for any possible defect or deviations from specification.

Others are manpower related problems were also observed to be a major barrier for achieving a Total quality management program. Most organizations lack the service of specialists to handle materials quality control trained/retrained or lack of proper supervision due to top management neglect.

Facilitates related problem in organizations, there are inaccuracies in machineries, tools, fixtures, measuring instruments etc. that are required in managing quality and total quality control process which can be disastrous for decision making as a result of the unreliable outcomes. The existence of these problems brought about the head for

INVENTORY PLANNING AND CONTROL ON PRODUCTS AVAILABILITY

INVENTORY PLANNING AND CONTROL ON PRODUCTS AVAILABILITY.

 

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CHAPTER I:

Introduction

  • Background of the Study

It is a fact in materials management that continuity in production or provision of services on constant flow of required inventory. However, the question confronting the materials management remain, how much shall be ordered when the quality available is less than required to meet production demand or the quantity is less than order point and how best to plan and control the quantity of inventory needed at a given time.

The focus of the materials manager is to reduce the two extreme ends of the spectrum, that is excessive (surplus) stock and adequate stock (stockout). The level of stock or inventory to be purchased or carried by an organization will depend on a number of issue, such as level of consumption, bulk purchase, discount, reliable, delivery dates, difficulty in matching supply with demand, speculation (availability or scarcity) and the company’s policy it is this prevailing dynamic circumstance that gives rise to the need for inventory planning for product availability. Inventory planning however, an enormous task that requires an astute combination of intelligence of what is actually happening to demand and that of what we expect to happen (forecasting).

A closer look at organization annual balance sheet, it shows that assets account for between 60-70% of materials held in stock; yet proper attention, is hardly given to this aspect of management stacks and left at the mercy of the unqualified individuals.

Inventory planning is itself has been explained as the determination of the quantity and quality required of a material, components, points and services ordering, control receiving, inspection and storage of the right material and the efficiency utilization of these materials to achieve organization’s objective. In this study a general understanding of inventory planning shall be considered as well as issue such as inventory control its importance to the organization, stock maintenance, material handling quality control and product availability among others.

 

 

1.2     Statement of the Problems

Organizations in their effort to satisfy consumers demand for their product needs always to keep stocks of inventory at all times, since no organization can survive without keeping stock and ensuring constant flow. The problem that emerges from this is that of how best to ensure optimum supply without overstocking and understocking. Inventory planning and control is argued to be an effective way of overcoming these two extremes.

Kaduna Refinery and Petrochemical Company however has been using these approaches in its effort of maintain stock and constant flow of their products, yet it has continuously experienced acute shortage of supplies. The question that arises here is that, what techniques are employed by the organization’s expediting network in ensuring that products needed arrives on time, and how effective is the inspection techniques of the organizations it is an obvious hat most of the problems that associated with inventory planning is lack of professionalism and misapplication store responsibility that is shortcoming has a big challenges to the entire organization. Above…

 

 

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EFFECTIVE MOTIVATIONAL PROGRAMMES AND PRODUCTIVITY IN GOVERNMENT PARASTATALS

EFFECTIVE MOTIVATIONAL PROGRAMMES AND PRODUCTIVITY IN GOVERNMENT PARASTATALS

 

(A CASE STUDY OF IMO STATE HEALTH MANAGEMENT BOARD)

 

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ABSTARCT

The continued decline in productivity government  parastatals despite huge financial and material resources invested in them has been a matter of concern to all  well meaning Nigerians. This has in its part contributed to  the economic crisis which the country is currently facing. This research work is designed to look into the motivational aspect of the work environment and its relative effect on productivity  in these parastatals.

Some how workers in the public sectors of the economy are no effectively motivated into increasing their productivity and this has a major factor in contributing  to the decline in productivity and subsequently to the present condition of the economy. these it is the purpose of the study  to investigate the     assumptions as stated in the hypothesis.

The data used for this research were collected mainly through the use of questionnaire. These questionnaires were positioned in various cadres of workers in the Imo State hospital manageemnt board in all the three (3) zones of the state. The data collected were analyzed by percentage and chi-square statistical methods the findings of the research are:

  1. That a fairly good majority of  workers in these parastatals are happy with  their job
  2. That the management of these parastatals does not pay worker nor reward staff for putting more effort in their job
  3. That majority of the workers opted for promotion salaries  recognition high payment of wages/salaries as the major conditions for them to increase their productivity
  4. The management of the parastatals virtually make no effort to recognize and compensate workers.
  5. That sponsored training programme in the parastatals are few
  6. That very good inter-relationship exist among the worker.
  7. That 96 percent of workers affirmed to the fact that if they are compensated affectively they will increase their productivity.
  8. That the inherent problem of financial benefits and welfare especially has covered the standard of living of the workers.

Finally the recommendations suggested to help alleviate the problem areas are:

  1. The employers should device an effective and efficient means of paying the worker the various benefits and care fro welfare
  2. The motivational  factors like promotion increase in salaries and recognition should be used as means of gingering the workers into increase performance.
  3. That recognition and appropriate financial reward should be given to workers who put in more effort on the job
  4. That the management of the parastatals should increase their sponsored training programme as its tool of increasing productivity
  5. That the management of the parastalats should do everything possible to maintain the work environment

CHAPTER ONE

1.0            INTRODUCTION

1.1     A brief historical background of the Imo state health management board

1.2              Statements of problem.

1.3              Research questions

1.4                Purpose/ significant  of the  study

1.5              Assumptions  of the study

1.6     limitation of the study

1.6              Definition of terms

 

CHAPTER TWO

2.0     Literature review

2.1            The concept of motivation

2.2            What is motivation

2.3            Definition of motivation

2.4            The importance of motivation

2.5            Theories of motivation

2.6            The concept theories

i.        Douglas H. gregor’s theories x and Y

ii.       Abraham H Maslow’s need of hierarchy theory

iii.      Fredrick Herzberg’s two factor theory

iv.      David Mc cleland needs theory of motivation

v.       C.P Alerfer’s era theory of motivation

vi       Elton mayo’s human relations theory of motivation

vii.     The equity theory

2.5.2  other motivation factor

i.        The expectancy theory

ii.       Summary of literature review

Reference

CHAPTER THREE

3.0     Research design & methodology

3.1 Data selection

3.2            Determination of sample size

3.3            Sources of data

3.4            Methods of data analysis

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0     Finding and analysis of data

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0     Summary of research finding

5.1     Recommendation

5.2     Conclusions

Appendix

Appendix I letter of authority

Appendix II questionnaires

CHAPTER ONE

1.0  INTRODUCTION.

There is clearly and widely accepted belief that the economy of this counting is weak. This has in effect caused such as untold economic hardship to the populace, such that has never been experienced in the history of Nigeria since its independence. It is an acknowledged view that the economy of the entire world is undergoing recessional period. This is much noticeable and hard- feet in the third world countries of which Nigeria is one.

Nigeria is much up of thirty- six  (36) state and Abuja as the federal Capital territory (FTC) and she practices mixed economy ideology system. This is an inheritance from her colonial masters. This resulted to her economic structure in relation to ownership of factors of production being divided into sectors.  Earlier before the outset of the third commendable and the standard of living was fairly high, as the purchasing power of our currency was also high. The factors that led into the buoyancy were the revenue that was constantly earned from the sales of crude oil.

The second factor was that the nation’s agricultural productivity was also higher than what is obtainable now. Some of the resultant effect of high flow of revenue from crude oil was that people became reluctant to work and displayed a great deal of non- chalet attitude towards the continuation of their agriculture and small sale industrial operations. This subsequently led to a decrease in productivity of goods and services. It further resulted in an increased dependence on imported oil. Thus, there existed a great disparity between our foreign exchange earnings and our expenditure of which the later was greater.

The emergence of the oil, glut, made it clear that Nigerian’s economy is hanging on a balance. This situation led to the introduction of the structural Adjustment programmes other wise known as ‘SAP’ by the Babangide administration. This was designed to help bring the rumblings economy its shape. The main strategy here is to reduce the rush for foreign goods, increase production locally and to restructure the entire economy to operate at a greater degree of indecency from foreign influence. The role of effective management of financial, material and human resources cannot therefore be underestimated as one of the means of achieving these economic goals. The government is doing her best through viable policy plans and strategies to influxes substantial materials and financial resources of the two arms in production and ultimate economic stability.

On the note, its very important to recognize that for economic growth to be achieved, full and effective consideration must be given to the well being of the individual workers that required to carryout their respective activities in the economic system. When workers are being taken care of, there is the tendency for increased productivity. If productivity increases, there will be the urge for generating more revenue (that is profit) from taxes to the government. Undertaking higher motivational programmes on the individual workers can only do this as it effects human resources management among other factors of production.

It is the objectives of the study to examine the extent if positive effect that could be achieved through effective motivational programmes on productivity unique semi- independent government sector called prostates.

 

1.2     STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

There is an ‘Igbo’ adage which says that ‘a collectively owned goat starves to death’. But why? This adage goes to explain the differences that have been existing in efficiency, effectiveness and productivity between the private owned and government establishments.

The main functional area of these parastatals is centered on provision of services of various types such as healthcare, information dissemination, electricity supply and so on. Competition between these private organizations that offer the same services in the parastatals and the parastatals themselves therefore exists.

People seems to patronize private sectors than the public sectors, Reasons, being that the private sectors that offer similar services are more efficient and also offer them with keen interest. Typical examples are a situation where people patronize private owned hospitals. The question now is ‘why do people drift away from patronizing public set up.’?

A caused interview confirmed some serious complaints by the members of the public over the uncaring and non-chalet attitudes of these government hospital workers.

Conversely, a very close fact finding investigation within the workers confirmed these allegation further questioning as to why workers behave that way, gave the investigator these impressions and they include the following;

 

–         High degree of frustration and stigma in the work place.

–         Wrong timing in administration of salaries, wages and fringe benefits and other various ills that have befallen the workers which involve bribery, corruption, inefficiency and ultimately downward plunging of productivity which would continue unless something is done to remedy these problems.

 

1.3                        RESEACH QUESTIONS.

-Is motivation really a means of achieving the desired result in an organization?

 

–    Dose it mean that effectiveness of production depends on the motivated factors of employees?

–         Has efficiency be improved since some motivated system was introduced?