THE APPLICATION OF COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY ON THE INVENTORY CONTROL SYSTEM AS A PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT STRATEGY IN NIYYA FARMS NIGERIA LIMITED KADUNA

 

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ABSTRACT

The primary objective of this research work, the application of computer technology on the inventory control system as a productivity improvement strategy in Niyya Farm Nigeria limited Kaduna is to carry out paper investigation as regards the awareness and reaction of people concerning the project topic, taking Niyya Farm Kaduna as a case study. The write-up center on discussing inventory control system, computer and also the problem of manual inventory control system in an organization. In order to achieve this goal, the researcher uses questionnaire method of data collection to gather information about the subject matter, from general/inventory staff of Niyya Farm Kaduna. Hence the data gathered are presented and analyzed in a tabular form in order to give vivid and clear interpretation. Finally the researcher summaries his findings, draw a conclusion and gave necessary recommendation for Niyya Farm and other companies who have not yet computerized their inventory system.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE CASE STUDY
The advent of computer technology has boost production of both domestic and industrial activities. Technologically, advance countries are advancing in their research effort to make the global world free for man to live with little or no stress through information technology.

In Nigeria, only few industries are enjoying the benefits of information technology in the area of computer in inventory control system. Among the few industries, not all information that are essential for effective management are documented because the software were developed by foreigners which know little or noting about the socio-cultural background of end users. Apart from this, the cost of inventory of such software is always too high. These set back always prevent them from getting the full benefits of computer in inventory control system but this project tends to develop a more easy and cost effective software that is suitable for Niyya Farms Nigeria limited Kaduna.

Glantier (1999) stated that inventory control is to provide means of exercising close control over the flow of the inventory into production or sales thereby not only preventing loss but also ensuring adequate levels are maintenance. The purpose of these is to focus on the procedures applied to control inventory on a daily basis. It is also a system, which needs to maintain record of both quantities and values, in this aspect, it will be called inventory valuation depending upon physical stock taken combined with valuable base such as unit cost market value.

Confer (2001) defined inventory control as the process of ensuring that stock help by the organization, is supplied to those part of the operation that required the items, that is production, distribution and sales. Engineers bearing in mind the factors of time locations, quality and cost.

Peter (2003) defined inventory control as the making of decision on the level of stocks that may be economically needed to meet all requirements for planning production.

Demsy A. (2001) defined inventory, as activities required keeping the facility in a built condition in order to have its original productive capacity. Inventory activities are a major coat factor in most industries, affecting both returns on capital and production throughout (commission). Inventory management system makes equipment and facilities available at least cost. It makes sure that every facilities in perfect condition to meet its production capacity. It is obvious that down time has to be kept at minimum and a good inventory management system helps to accomplish that at minimum possible cost.

However, the essence of the use of computer in inventory control is to utilize large investment in inventories effectively and to facilitate efficient operation of the organization.

It is basic that scientist allover the word has completely bypassed the stone age syndromes and are now basking in the Euphoria of the computer age, which is a product of technology and ceaseless research. It is also a fact to mention that all sphere of life have been affected by the current computer revolution ranging like a wild fire. This project work is to present a comceptional and practical approach to inventory control system in Niyya Farms Nigeria limited using computer since inventory requires an accurate and constant record keeping.

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The quality of inventory control has been a major determining factors in the success or failure of competing organization.
The use of manual system showed many symptoms of poor control. Boxes set on the ware house shelves collecting dust and then joined by more of the same item even though the old inventory never moved, one item would be stored in five different places and re-ordered when one of the bin is empty.
Uncounted product/part lots were easy targets for pilfering by employees. A warehouse filled up, when extra spaced was leased no one could keep track of what was in which building.

Once a year, operation was shut down for the tedious and almost unmanageable task of taking a physical inventory. Figuring out what the goods on hand were actually worth became a paper chase for invoices and purchase orders, and finally, not very educated guess.

Inventory control has proven to be one of the clearest examples of the problem of automation. Often inventory control programme have been plagued by two short comings on one hand, inventory packages have been too sophisticated, because of the many accepted methods of controlling inventory, packages have laundry lists of conflicting mathematical formulas understood neither by the users of the system, nor by the programme. The dozens of reports produced not only failed to provide an understandable picture of the current inventory, but made the situation worse by miscalculating or misnaming commonly used indicators. On the other hand, packages have been too simple. Common occurrences often stumped the system. For example due to a physical miscount, there may have been more of an item than was listed by the computer when the item was sold to customer, the computer would reject the transaction because, in theory, miscounts never happen. There was not enough of the items in stock according to the Computer to fill the orders whether because of an inadequate manual system or a poorly automated one, expanding organization have seen their profits margin eaten away by the many different costs of an uncontrolled inventory, that is what this project is made to eliminate.

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THE GROWTH OF INDIGENOUS FIRMS IN NIGERIA PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS:  (A CASE STUDY OF AJAOKUTA STEEL COMPANY LIMITED IN KOGI STATE)

 

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ABSTRACT

This research was embarked upon to gain institute into growth of indigenous firms in Nigeria.   This is specifically an attempt to investigate the impart of indigenous firms among others.   The objective are not only to acquaint equitable growth for indigenous firm and also to cheek the problems and prospects and to equally highlight its relevance among indigenous firms review of relaxed literature and theoretical framework also is arranged in logical sequence for the purposed of this study secondary sources, this data was analyzed using simple percentage and chi square.   The researcher also found out that the growth of indigenous firms also affects the scope-economic growth of our economy.   It is clear to note that indigenous firms have create impact on the country economy through export promotion financial institution and industrialization development strategies. Finally, the summary of findings conclusion and recommendation where not left out, they are expected to serve as a basis for further researchers.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE:         INTRODUCTION

1. 1. General Background to the Subject matter
   2. Problem Associated with the Subject Matter
   3. Problem(s) that the Subject will be Concerned with
   4. The Importance of Studying the Area
   5. Definition of important Terms
   6. Reference (using APA Method)

 

CHAPTER TWO:        LITERATURE REVIEW

1. 1. The Origin of the Subject Area
   2. School of Thought within the Subject Area
   3. The School of Through Relevant to the Problem of Study.
   4. Different method of Studying the Problem
   5. Summary.
   6. Reference.

CHAPTER THREE:        CONCLUSION

1. 1. Data Presentation (high light of the study)
   2. Analysis of the Data
   3. Recommendation
   4. Conclusion
   5. Reference.

 

 

 

CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION

1. 1. GENERAL BACKGROUND TO THE SUBJECT MATTER

One of the major economic backwardness of the most third world countries like Nigeria is the over prolonged sojourn of private foreign divestment in them.    The predatory exploitative orientation and activities of foreign monopoly capital, it inherent tendency to resist and hamper local industrialization and to perpetuate merchants capitalism and its determination and deliberate efforts to retard the growth of endogamous entrepreneurship all this have heavily influenced Nigeria economic history for well over a century.
This foreign dominance of commercial activities in Nigeria was made possible by restrictive practices employed by the established merchant firms.  It is important to note that commercial banking is a major source of credit (capital) was solely owned and controlled by foreign elements.   Their policies were made towards satisfying the needs of foreign enterprise, indigenous entrepreneurs merely subjected on the crumbs that fell on the gable.
(Ezeigwe .J. O) Nigerian government in the 1950s operated mainly an open door policy which attempted to live foreign investors into the country.

 

 After the civil war, experiences showed that the issue of indigenous participation in the Nigerian economy once can be re-opened.   The dubious role played by foreign investors at various stages of the civil war and the acute shortage of essential commodities at the same period and the spirally inflationary trend that followed post war reconstruction and rehabilitation programmes had contributed to inform the government that there was the necessity to allow the indigenes of Nigeria and government a hand in deciding their economic fortune.   The government was further persuaded by radical agitation of the politician s and the masses to do something about their economic difficulties.
With these pressures and economic difficulties mounting higher and higher, the government decided to whittle down foreign dominance of the economy on 23rd February 1972, the military government promulgated the Nigeria enterprise promotion Decree No. 4 of 1977 popularly known as the indigenization decree the following were the objectives.

1. To create opportunity for our people
2. To raise the proportion of indigenous firms and ownership of the productive sectors of the economy.
3. To maximize local retention of profit
4. To involve more Nigerians in the management and decision making process of business enterprises.   All in an effort to enhance indigenous growth of Nigeria firms.

 

 

1. 1. PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH THE SUBJECT MATTER

A number of problems have been identified as being responsible for the backwardness and retardation in the general growth of Nigeria indigenous firms the persistent set back in the growth of the indigenous firms have been assumed to center on the followings:  Inadequacy of capital, poor technological manpower deficiency, mass illiteracy, management incapability and marketing in competency (National and internationally) etc there are many more that form the cove problems of the growth of our indigenous firms.
It is the intention of the researcher therefore to take a critical examination of the internal and external factors affecting the growth of our indigenous firms.  There is a general contention that the rate of growth of our indigenous firms, especially since the pushing aside of the aliens, has been sow.   This statement in the growth of indigenous firms in Nigeria, problems and prospects will be investigated and possible recommendation given as to the solutions.

 

 

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TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT PREREQUISITE FOR HIGH PRODUCTIVITY (A CASE STUDY OF BEECHAM PLC)

 

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ABSTRACT

This research is aimed at going the enhancement high productivity in BEECHAM PLC To guide this study there are problem associated with the study which are passed on finding some major finding are that the staff training and development needs are not determined the objective of the training development programme could not be achieved to some extent employees are not motivated to increase their capabilities; and the study also seek to answer  the question of how well has training and development help the overall productivity of SmithKline Beecham Nigeria PLC; the method employed in the training and development of staff within the organization: what contribution have training and development made to solve the problem of low productivity in SmithKline Beecham Nigeria PLC
Based on the above finding some may recommendation were made for major recommendation were made for effective implementations.

TABLE CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE

1.       Introduction

1. 1. General background to the subject matter;
   2. Problems associated with the subject matter;
   3. Problem (s) that the study will be concerned with;
   4. The important of studying the area;
   5. Definition of important terms;
   6. (Chapter) reference [using APA method]

CHAPTER TWO

2.       Literature review

1. 1. The origin of the subject area
   2. School of thoughts within the subject area;
   3. The school of though relevant to the problem of the study;
   4. Difference methods of studying the problems
   5. Summary
   6. References

3.       CONCLUSION

1. 1. Data presentation [highlights of the study]
   2. Analysis of the data
   3. Recommendation
   4. Conclusions
   5. References

CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
In managing an organization many process or techniques are  employed (for instance recruitment training and development staffing etc) one of the objective of any organization whether profit or non-profit oriented will be to have maximum productivity.  This the important of human resource management in the accomplishment of organization goal is involved in production or services the labour input is    vital to its success given the significant influence which employee have on productivity without one effective productivity of employees the organization will produce good or services so inefficiently that the survival of the company might be threatened
Nevertheless training and development is not looked in terms of “one and for all activity;  However it is an on-going process as new employee are trained and also longer serving employee who are  transferred to other job being promoted ( or when new equipment are hired to purchased) it required some forms of  training and development.
The aims of providing education and training of member   of the organization may be seen as the advantage derived from such training e.g. high productivity low accident and grievance and rate and labour turnover
It could then be mentioned that training and development is aimed at correcting mistakes of the  organization caused by employees work performance such low productivity high labour turnover, high grievances rate and absenteeism
Organization often engages in the regular training and development of the employees because it is assured that organization problem like productivity, profitability etc. can be solved through these activities this a more realistic approach is to ensure that training does exist and that other problem solving approaches  such as motivation job environment programme for the training to achieved its objective of productivity.
One of the most fundamental ways by which human resources can be maximized is through carefully designed and properly implemented employee training and development.

 

 

1. 1. GENERAL BACKGROUND TO THE SUBJECT MATTERS

Training is not modern invention the handling down of important skill like the use of tools and implement such as knives ropes and nets have always been necessary for the survival of the family tribe and ultimately the human race. The emphasis, right form the distance past has been skill and the apprenticeship idea which is for older than the recent formal western system.
The general pattern was then a simple one young boys (not girls) were taken on by master craftsmen were thought the use of equipment and other techniques. In Josiah Wedgwood  time  (1744) for example the master was required to teach him the “Art misery occupation or employment of throwing and handling” this talk of “art” and “misery” dates to the middle ages and even earlier. Additionally, there was other less manual skills based areas of training.
In religion (particularly for those becoming priests the service of the law of the state is bureaucratic (indeed in ancient china to be able to write beautify  poems was a good recommendation of high public office)
However it was easy (and common) for apprentices (and other trainees) to be used as cheap labour being exploited and used as a general run about for his master not always being taught the art and misery very well
We can say about his training activity that:

1. It was neither organized not consistent from trainees to trainee; nor were there any usual or national standard attainment agreed upon or recognized by group of masters
2. Such training was specific to a trade or profession (job oriented)
3. Very few people in the whole population actually received such training.

A significant impetus for change came with the industrial revocation. There was need for an ever- increasing number of  skill people to undertake the complex tasks of running and maintaining machinery.  Engineering as opposed to construction or coopering became the prime industry for apprenticeship. To help in the training mechanics institutes or night school were founded the forerunners of  today’s technical colleges and polytechnics.
Further more very significant changes in training took place as a result of two world wars.  In each war large number of men were taken from factories to serve in the aimed forces and other peoples some men but mostly women filled vacant job in the factories. Lessons never learned in training of large numbers of people to reach certain minimum standard in a short time.

 

 

 

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STRATEGIES OF PROMOTING PRODUCTIVITY IN CIVIL SERVICE
(A CASE STUDY OF  STATE CIVIL SERVICES COMMISSION)

 

 

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ABSTRACT

This study is a research of the Enugu State Civil Service Commission the purpose of the study includes:

1. To find out whether civil servant actually perform below standard.
2. To find out whether productivity is really declining in the civil services.
3. To find out what the causes are in the civil services.
4. To find out the measures to be taken in order to arrest the situation.

While carrying out the research, the data collection method adopted was the questionnaires, the statistical tool used was chi-square.  A total of one hundred questionnaires were distributed out of which twenty was returned.  The finding from the research questions show that.

1. Adequate knowledge of job requirement of motivation and the use of official working hours in the civil service.   At the end, the research made recommendations, some of them include
2. Management should improve on the working conditions for the staff so that the organization will achieve its desired goals and without good working condition the staff will not be comfortable to work thereby reducing the effectiveness of their work.
3. They should try and have a communication link between them because communication is one of the tools that lead to effective management, furthermore employ or recruit skilled people morder to have increased out put and to achieve their objectives.
4. Management should also motivate their worker by paying them their salaries when due.

TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION

1. 1. Background of the study
   2. Statement of the problem
   3. Purpose of the study
   4. Significance of the study
   5. Research questions
   6. Research hypothesis
   7. Scope of the study
   8. Limitations of the study
   9. Definition of term

References

CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

1. 1. Literature review
   2. Entrepreneurial traits
   3. Objectives of entrepreneurship in business
   4. Role of entrepreneur in business
   5. Limitations of entrepreneurial development
   6. Remedies to the limitations
   7. Development of entrepreneurship
   8.   Impact for entrepreneurship in the nation economy

References
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH DESIGN AND MYTHOLOGY

1. 1. Research Design
   2. Area of the study
   3. Population of the study
   4. Sample and sampling procedure
   5. Instrument for Data collection
   6. Validation for the instrument
   7. Reliability for the instrument
   8. Method of data Analysis

Reference

CHAPTER FOUR
DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS

1. 1. Presentation
   2. Summary of results

Reference

CHAPTER FIVE
DISCUSSION OF RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSIONS

1. 1. Discussion of result / findings
   2. Conclusions
   3. Implication of the research finding
   4. Recommendation
   5. Suggestions for further research

Bibliography

CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1     BACK GROUND OF THE STUDY
Productivity has been defined as the volume of good and service produced per worker within some specified unit of the year, now there have been consistent public outer about continuous decline of productivity in the civil service. It is for this reason that this work is being carried out in the view to finding the cause of low productivity how to eliminate these cause and these by bring about recommendation, that will promote productivity in the civil service in general to achieve a successful result in the programme. I have decided to carry out a case study of Enugu state civil service commission.

However the historical back ground of the civil service commission was dated back to the end of colonial masters and post independence period.

 

After the second world war, there were about 14 British Administration in the secretarial 70 Nigerians support staff and one Europe stenography. The head quarter of most technical department which was in Ebutemetta. (Lagos). The head quarter of the mine was in jos, while the agriculture and forestry was in Ibadan, field administration was co-ordinate from two center, kaduna for north and Lagos laster Enugu for the south.

 

In 1939, southern Nigeria was split into two region respectively. The Richard constitution in 1914 further divided the country into three region namely the northern western and Eastern regions. The macpherson constitution of 1951, introduced the appointment of ministers for the region and at the center of the civil service between the politician in office and the authorities of the lugardera, the duties of all administrative office. Were juct that of maintaining law and order in the district placed under the immediate administrative control. It was only at the end of World War II that effort were made to achieve some social and economic benefit for Nigerians. It was at that time

Such office like the department of marketing and export were established. The rapid Nigerianisation of civil service and the executive council brought about new conception of the role of the civil service
For example, in the western Nigerians civil service were told that policy making was the exclusive function of the legislature. So, the civil servant were to do. In the eastern state civil servants were to give sound advice to the political leaders, control the traditional aspect of government activities and were also to be efficient executive who could manage and threat all the complex operation of the made state.

 

In the northern Nigerian, the duties of administrative office include to assist to give training to people as regard building up an efficient institution of local government and finally to facilitate the emergence of an intelligent and responsible public opinion. The system of administration that emerged on was also English language that was used as a medium of communication in the conduct of government business the country fought the civil war six year after independence and this was quickly followed about six year of oil boom which brought about extreme materialism. The give rise to great indiscipline, corruption and a total contemplation order, honour and excellence within the whole society including the civil service. Having discussed the historical background of the civil service and its roles before and after independence it is necessary at this stage to define the term “productivity which is the main object of the research.

 

 

1. 1. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

There has been consistent low productivity in the civil service since Nigeria independence of Igbo. This study set out to asses the knowledge of job motivation and use of office work hour in the civil service in order to promote productivity.

 

 

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CONTROL OF STOCK AND ITS IMPLICATION FOR MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES (A Case Study of UNITED NIGERIAN TEXTILE PLC Kaduna)

 

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ABSTRACT

Control of stock and its implication for manufacturing industries are very significant in the operational activities of an organization especially that of processing and manufacturing concerns, which are profit, oriented. The research direct its focus on the proper understanding of how effective and efficient application of stock control techniques will enhance greater productivity in the organization as well as stimulate economic growth and development. This project review relevant literature and source it data main from primary sources and analyze them to warrant an object recommendations, which will be indispensable to policy maker.

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENT:

CHAPTER ONE: (General Introduction)

• Introduction –       –       –       –       –       –       –       1

1.1     Historical Background of Organization     –         –         –         4

• Statement of the Problem –         –         –         –         –         7
• Research Question –         –         –         –         –         –
• Significance of the Study –         –         –         –         –         9
• Objective/purpose of the Study –         –         –         –         10
• Statement of Hypothesis –         –         –         –         –         12
• Limitation and Delimitation of the Study –         –         –         13
• Definition of Terms –         –         –         –         –         –         14

 

CHAPTER TWO: (Literature Review)

• Introduction –         –         –         –         –         –         –         17

2.1     Meaning of Stock Control       –         –         –         –         –         17

• Standard System of Control –         –         –         –         –         26
• Maximum Stock Level – –         –         –         –         –         28
• Minimum Stock Level –         –         –         –         –         –         29
• Reorder Stock Level –         –         –         –         –         –         29
• Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) –         –         –         –         32
• Stock Taking and Stock Checking – –         –         –         35
• Types of Stock Taking – –       –       –       –       –       36
• Review of Stock Levels –         –         –         –         –         39
• Importance of Stock Levels –         –         –         –         –         40
• Problems of Stock Control –         –         –         –         –         42

 

CHAPTER THREE: (Research Methodology)

• Research Design – –       –       –       –       –       –       44
• Population Sampling –         –         –         –         –         44
• Sources of Data – –         –         –         –         –         –         45
• Statistical Techniques Used for Data Analysis –         –         48

 

CHAPTER FOUR: (Presentation and Analysis of Data)

4.1     Introduction          –         –         –         –         –         –         –         49

4.2     Data Analysis      –         –         –         –         –         –         –         49

4.3     Hypothesis Testing       –         –         –         –         –         –         68

 

CHAPTER FIVE:(Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation)

5.1     Summary    of Findings –         –         –         –         –         –         73

• Findings –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         75
• Conclusion –         –         –         –         –         –         –         76
• Recommendation –         –         –         –         –         –         77

Bibliography         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         80

Appendix    –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         82

 

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

GENERAL INTRODUCTION

• INTRODUCTION

The world of study is full of discoveries and innovations. Through intensive question and esquires. The discoveries are used in solving some compound problems either directly or indirectly.

 

This study is focused on stock control and its implication in an organization, with special reference to the manufacturing industries.

 

Stock is an material supplied, received into store house and being shop or issued on request (Lockyer K. 1984)

 

Stock control is the means by which material of correct quantity and quality is made available as and when required with due regard to economy in storage and ordering costs, purchase prices working capital.

 

Stock control is very important in the public sector, but it is generally considered to be more important in the private sector, this is because there is a notion that control is always applied by a profit making organization. The present economic situation in the country has made it imperative for manufacturing industries to control its stock scientifically other wise it will affect the cost of production as well as its profit margin.

 

There is no standard system of stock control which can be universally recommended or applied, each organization adopt the one most suitable to its needs, although certain principle and practice are more or less common to most them.

 

Stock control is very important unit in an organization, which has to be critically analysed and coordinated however various firms has not been making use of stock control to their own advantage.

 

They tend to have little or shallow view of the stores activities, which in the long run brings set back to them and resulting to tying down the circulating capital.

Therefore adequate method of measuring and checking inventory level is crucial for the survival or any organization especially the manufacturing concern. Stock control involves the making of rational decision on the level of stocks that may be economically needed to meet all requirement for planned production.

 

From the stores point of view, one of the major important thing is to keep the incoming material as nearer as possible to the machine shops and assembly shops that will be used daily. To avoid a disruption of production process that may ultimately result in low productivity, low sales and low profit, shortage of materials should be avoided.

 

In other words, every organization should as a matter of importance, know its quantity and its economic order quantity.

 

More also, proper and adequate stock control regulates the delivery of excessive materials, hence if left unchecked, it will pile up the ware house the production area, apart from the fact that the excess of deliveries tie up too much capital here the emphasis should be on the manufacturing schedule and everything is regulated by that, in respect to some manufacturing firms that deals with expensive or bulky material or components the flow has to be regulated and managed hour by hour and their demand high degree of understanding cooperation and efficiency.

Therefore, if as effective and efficiency…

 

 

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