The Nature, Concept And Scope Of Management In An Organization

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ABSTRACT

          This research project examined the structure of the nature, concept and scope of management existing in NEPA as well as the extent to which this management policy satisfies the employees of the organization towards greater productivity. The research observed that despite the huge amount of money spent by management of NEPA on workers welfare, these workers still feel dissatisfied with management policy for than specifically, the workers amongst others would proffer most of their management policy to be in case rather than in kind.   They also wanted the management to include pension scheme in the management policy.   Absence of these and many others have led to various forms of indiscipline and non-commitment and fraud among NEPA workers.   These militate against the efficiency of NEPA as an organization.   The researcher therefore recommend amongst others that pension scheme should be included in NEPA management policy should be in cash and less in kind.   She also suggested some other ways NEPA can raise more fund to support her management policy for workers and how these management policy can effectively implemented without their abuse.

 

 

CHAPTER ONE:          INTRODUCTION

1.1            General Background to the Subject Matter

1.2            Problems Associated with the Subject Matter

1.3            Problems that the Study ill be Concerned with

1.4            The Importance of Studying the Area.

1.5            Definition of Important Term.

1.6            Reference.

 

CHAPTER TWO:        LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1            The Origin of the Subject Area

2.2            Schools of Though Within the Subject Area.

2.3            Schools of Though Relevant of the Problem of Studying

2.4            Summary.

2.5            References.

 

CHAPTER THREE

3.1            Data presentation and Analysis of the Data

3.2            Recommendation

3.3            Conclusion.

3.4            Reference

Bibliography

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

 

INTRODUCTION

The management policy has become pervasive as an integral part of an employee in most federal parastatals.  The effect of the current economic recession on the nation have become so tense that the salary earned by employees can no longer accommodate the numerous needs. Thus, the important role these management policy in business organization today can never be emphasized.

NEPA is one of the numerous federal parastatals which have continue to offer some package for its employees over the years.   The ultimate aim has been to increase the quality and volume of service offered by NEPA to its billions of customers nationwide, upon all this packages being offered to NEPA workers.   Their various customers seem generally to be dissatisfied with the quality of services.   It is against this background that the researcher intends to find out whether such a management policy is a enough criteria that should motivate the worker for increase productivity.

 

1.1     GENERAL BACKGROUND TO THE SUBJECT MATTER.

          NEPA is one of the numerous public enterprises established by the federal government with the primary aim of providing Electrical services to Nigerians and other people living within the country.   This enterprise is also designed to generate fund and make profits from its operations and render accounts to federal government.

However, at present, the quality of services offered by NEPA is noting to write home about.   Private individuals and organizations in the country had always had one complaints or the other with regards to the quality of services they received from NEPA.

Most places in the country hardly have assessed to electricity and those that have assessed do not enjoy it due to its unsteady nature.   Despite all these some have continued to receive electricity bills even when it is not steady or functioning for a long period of time.   There are usually series of interference mostly in business centers.   Company or organizations while running their business activities.

In the final analysis, the worker blames their inefficiency on their poor conditions of services.   Some of them claim that they have no incentives at all that would make them happy.  Yet, to most Nigerians NEPA is a gold mine for old any young one that grows economically in the public sector.

NEPA had always undertaken among other things a review of salary structure and management policy.   This management policy thus becomes a corporate strategy which amounts to costs.   The fear there is that if these beautiful management policy are actually implemented with a reciprocal increase in productivity on the part of the employees, the aim of these management policy would be defeated, and the organization may begin to loose its customers if proper management is not given to such organization and may soon collapse like its counter-parts, such as the Nigeria Railway Corporation, the Nigeria Cola Corporation and others.

 

1.2     PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH THE SUBJECT MATTER

NEPA as one of the public enterprises established by the federal government with the major aim of supplying electricity to Nigerians and other people living within the country.   This enterprise is also designed to generate fund and make profits from its operations and renders accounts to federal government.

Presently, NEPA is associated with series of problems.   That is the quality of service offered by NEPA is noting to write home about.   Private individuals and organizations in the country had always had one complaints or the other with regards to the quality of services they received from NEPA.

For instance, some places in the country hardly have asses to electricity and those that have assess to it do not enjoy it due its unsteady nature.   Despites all these some have continued to receive electricity bill even when it is not steady or functioning for a long period of time.

There are usually series of interference mostly in business centers, industries or organization, why running their business activities.   Even interference also occurs in our various homes while watch or listening to new and so on.

Finally the workers blame their inefficiency on their poor conditions of services.   Some of them clams that they have no incentive at all that would make employee happy in NEPA.

 

 

 

1.3            PROBLEM(S) THAT THE STUDY WILL BE CONCERNED WITH.

This research work is to be accepted with some reservations considering the constraints which characterized the research procedure.   One of such constraints is the time use for the study.   The researcher has less than twelve (12) calendar months for this research work.   Thus, most of the works are designed to be carried out considering this time factor.

Secondly, financial constraints could not allow the researcher to carryout the research on all the staff of NEPA in the area being covered.

 

1.4     THE IMPORTANCE OF STUDYING THE AREA

The importance of this study is that it would enable the researcher to discover the nature, concept and scope of management existing in an organization such as NEPA and also to determine whether or not such nature, concept and scope of management will improve the management of NEPA.

Its importance also enables the researcher to determine the span of control of each department manager and the determination of the cost of new management technique.

Consequently, the researcher intends to find out the best options for NEPA as far as the management policy in the organization is concerned.   Also to find out the effect of the economic recession on management.   As the researcher intend to peep into other factors that can improve the productivity of NEPA management, the researcher intend to bring these in as a part of her recommendation in this research work/report.

The ultimate aim is to increase all efficiency of each departmental manager in NEPA and also determine the best management concept for NEPA department manager.

 

 

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Strategies For Improving Workers Morale And Productivity In An Organization.

 

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ABSTRACT 

Improving workers morale and productivity. It is very pertinent to improve the workers morale to enhance greater level of productivity. Any organization that has no consideration on how the morale of the workers can be improved is liable to fale a lower level of productivity.

This strategy is adopted to increase the employer/employee relationship and if it can be achieved it is by giving incentives like free port allowance and in fact make them have a sense of belonging.

Improving workers morale has been one of the main strategies adopted in most of our organizations in Nigerian because it is a process by which workers get motivated in order to enhance productivity services effectively.

This prospect has been a broad area of concern to most of our existing firms or organization who do not know how to get workers motivated thereby improving their morale and productivity.

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1     Background of the study

1.2            Statement of problem

1.3            Objective of the study

1.4            Statement of hypothesis

1.5            Significance of the study

1.6            Scope and limitation of the study

1.7            Research question

1.8            Definition of terms

Reference

CHAPTER TWO

2.0            Literature review

2.1     Extent of workers relationship with top management

2.2            The type of leadership in an organization that could enhance workers morale and productivity.

2.3            Evaluation and recognition of performance

2.4            Effects of goods management appraisal in organizational productivity.

Reference

CHAPTER THREE

3.0            Design of the study

3.1     population of the study

3.2            Sample size and sampling technique.

3.3            Instrumentation.

3.4            Method and sources of data collection.

3.5            Limitations of the study

Reference

 

CHAPTER FOUR

4.1            PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA

4.2            TEST OF HYPOTHESIS

 

CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSION.

5.1            Summary of findings

5.2            Recommendations

5.3            Conclusions

Bibliography

Appendices.

 

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

 

INTRODUCTION

1.1     BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

In every organization set-up, indispensable groups are discernible. These groups are known as the employees and the employers. They both constitute the point upon which the activities of the organization revolves.

It is said that area of the most common mutual interest where employees and employers may co-operate consciously the advantage of them consist of improving the morale of the worker, promoting efficiency and productivity, eliminating waste, reducing cost of maintenance.

Every organization is set u to attain in some definite and defined objectives. These objectives, which have to be accomplished through the instrumentality of the above, mentioned groups often include high productivity. To do this management has to organize it’s resources to achieve maximum performance.

One of this resource is of course. Human beings, whilst the out put of some factors like machine. May be predetermined activities involving people are not calculated precisely for even if they are, the result may vary, due to what is known as human element. How well a job is done depends on the rewards attached to the work fore the word reward in it’s own stresses has complete meaning. But due to the result of research on human behaviour in work situation, we are able to realize that wage or salary is mainly one of the important needs of the workers.

Every works at work requires the organizations to treat him not just like a community but like a human being of high reasoning.

Beloc (1964) once wrote that workers have certain inalienable right as important as those of their employer and it is the duty of the organization to recognize these rights.

It is obvious that the workers have needs, which the work situation may or may not satisfy. The degree of satisfaction and dissatisfaction will be reflected not only in measured work but also in the morale of workers. The maximization of personnel contribution of the entire human element in an organization is the major objectives of the organization, which is implemented, not only  through the whole management process itself. How those people are organized directly influence their morale.

 

1.2     STAEMENT OF PROBLEM.

Improving workers moral and productive in an organization has been the main study or way to increase the shareholders wealth. The workers are forced with lots of problems concerning the strategies for improving workers morale and productivity in the organization and with regards to these problems; the researcher wants to find answers to the following problems.

1.       What are the ways of improving the workers moral?

2.       How can efficiency and productivity be increased in the organization?

3.       How can waste and redundancy be eliminated in the organization?

4.       What are the ways of reducing cost of maintenance at the same time improve the quality of services?

 

1.3     OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The rational for conducing this research work lies in the  suspected high degree of dissatisfaction , which reduce the workers moral towards productivity  and it’s effects on the productivity which

 

 

1.4     STATEMENT  OF HYPOTHESIS

H0:    Workers do not have job satisfaction from their routine job.

H0: Their boss gives Workers more knowledge when they are confused on what is expected from them.

H1:    Workers do not have job satisfaction from their routine job.

H1:    Their boss gives Workers more knowledge when they are confused on what is expected from them.

 

1.5     SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY

The importance of the study is that of the end of the investigation into the strategies for improving workers and productivity. It is very important to both an organization and employees as well as government.

It is a very sensitive issue to an organization it is important to an organization in the sense that if an employee’s moral is well improved, there will be increase in the productivity thereby meeting the set goals, with good strategies in improving workers moral. There will be high productivity. The researcher would have thrown more light on the problems caused by low moral among the workers and also level the motivational strategies that would be adopted to  increase workers moral and productivity.

Secondly, the managers would know the management techniques they would employ to pull their workers forward achieving organizational objectives and facilities mutual understanding between the manages, supervisor and his subordinates.

Thirdly, the workers should also understand that should set goals for themselves if there are to win the love and benefits from the organization.

 

1.6     SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

 

 

 

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Management Problems Of Public Enterprises

 

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ABSTRACT

This research study tries to investigate the management problems of public enterprises, a case study of Anambra motor manufacturing company (ANAMMCO)  One of the major objectives of any government is a stable growth and development of the country through industrialization.  One of the avenues through which this is achieved is by the establishment of public enterprises.  ANAMMCO, being a public enterprise, the researcher has undertaken to investigate how much it has contributed to the general growth and development of Nigeria and also investigate any managerial problems of may have.

 

This research study contains five chapters. Chapter one introduction of the topic “management problem public enterprises (a case of ANAMMCO) along with the statement of the problem, objectives of the study and hypotheses.  Chapter two talk about the review of the literature on the topic.  Chapter three is about the research methodology.  Chapter four talk about analysis and interpretation of data.  Chapter five contains conclusions followed by recommendations to the management of ANAMMCO.

 

It is the belief of the researcher that this research work will be of great benefit to the management of ANAMMCO and other public enterprises that may have similar problems.

 

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENT

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1            Background of the study

1.2            Historical background of case study

1.3            Statement of problems

1.4            Objective of the study

1.5            Hypotheses formulation

1.6            Significance of the study

1.7            Scope of the study

1.8            Limitation of the study

1.9            Definition of term

References

 

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE RENEW

2.1            Purpose of public enterprises

2.2            The history and growth of public enterprises

2.3            Structure of the public enterprises

2.4            Problems of public enterprises

2.5            Economic factors

2.6            Financial problems/ms management

2.7            Political factors

2.8            Ethnicity problem

2.9            Nigeria work attitudes

2.10       Administrative factors

2.11       Operational technical factors

2.12       Summary of the review

Reference

 

CHAPTER THREE

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1            Sources of data

3.2            Research instrument

3.3            Population sampling and sampling technique

3.4            Methods of investigation

3.5            Reliability of instrument

3.6            Data press

3.7            Method of analysis

 

CHAPTER FOUR

          PRESENTATION ANALYSIS

4.1            Data presentation and analysis

4.2            Testing of the hypotheses

 

 

CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1            Summary of findings

5.2            Conclusion

5.3            Recommendations

Bibliography

Appendix: questionnaire.

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

 

INTRODUCTION

1.1            BACKGROUND OF STUDY

In any developing economy, the government is the main initiator and promoter economic development, especially in Nigeria.  In developing countries, governments usually intervene some areas of the economic in which the private sector cannot perform, according to Abubalar (1986) in order to facilitate the federal government has instituted and made use of many public enterprises over the years.

It would be recalled however that in the fifties and sixties, agriculture was the main stay of the Nigeria economy.  The early seventies earned for Nigeria loge crude oil revenue at a level that never was anticipated.  This new dimension got government involved more with widely diversified investments in areas that span both the traditional public sector and exclusive private sector business.

As a result of this development in chide oil, agriculture that was the main stay of our economy was later given less attention. Owing to this circumstance, the government investments were sponsored mostly by the oil revenues.  The oil boom era (1974-1979) has been described as the golden era for public investment.  The government invested in over 30 parastatals and companies within this period.  Most of them have been unprofitable, some cannot even meet their operating costs and have depended on government subventions for their year to year survival.

Public co-operations in Nigeria have been considered inefficient and wistful.  This is because they have viewed it with the profit criterion.  Kindleberger (1986) however Hinks that this is not a fair judgment, economic activities, it is usually not appropriate to use the performance standard of the private sector “they are hoses is different colours, the objective of private business is profit, while the government enterprises is seines to the society or promotion of general welfare”.

Olisa (1985) said that prior to independent and after Nigeria was faced with the problem of attaining her social-economic objectives, there was no well destined capitalist class that could operate the much needed development through their productive and industrializing activities.  The civil services at that time was inappropriate for accelerated development and the country was saddened with the problem of running many business.

These parastatals are established out side the civil services and this allows for greater freedom of action, quicker decision making which will promote their efficiency and effectiveness.  These corporations are managed through government appointed officials who could utilize the profits accruing from their operations in catering for the public interest (onwudunmi:1970).

(ugwu:1990) said that in Nigeria, it is very unfortunate that government have rapid development and this is because the management of these enterprises have constituted the bane of these enterprises.  Most of them failed to meet people’s expectations in terms of provision of goods and services and development in general.  The commercially oriented ones neither make profits or even sustain themselves.  All efforts by successive government yield no positive result despite various commissions of inquiry and review parties. The performance of these enterprises still fall short’s of people’s expectation. It is based on this that the researcher finds the need to investigate these problems in Anambra motors manufacturing company (ANAMMCO).

 

 

 

1.2            HISTORICAL  BACK GROUND OF ANAMBRA MOTOR MANUFACTURING COMPANY.

Anambra motor manufacturing company incorporated on the 17^th of January 1977, was commissioned on the 8^th of july 1980 ,and started official production in January 1981.

The company , which has a staff stein 9^th of seven hundred and ninety – four and an installed capacity of producing seven thousand and five hundred commercial vehicles (T nick assembly) annually is presently utilizing fifteen (15%) of installed capacity . its product range includes Mercedes Benz trucks and buses of various sizes, fire fighting vehicles, ambulance, refuse disposal vans as well as vehicle refurbishment. It is however worthy of not that its production actinty is limited to assembly and spare parts sales.

Incorporated with an authorized and fully paid up share capital of seven million naira ,ANAMMCO was set up under a joint agreement between Nigeria and Daimlar Mercedes Benz of Germany .Although it was initially licensed to produce trucks, it later went into the production of buses.

And they set up with the objective of manufacturing and marketing Mercedes Benz trucks and buses ,assisting in manpower development through technology training, acceviating transport problem in the country, helping to reduce unemployment in the country. ANAMMCO is located at Emene near Enugu.

With company operations organised into six functional divisions and numerous departments under the division. Its board of director is made up of six members. Anambra Motor manufacturing company has two workers union –the senior and junior staff union.

 

1.3            STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM.

It is important to note that public enterprises in any given economy has important role to play in the rapid socio-economic development of the country.

Government owned enterprises and business in Nigeria are established to accelerate the pace of economic development in which government is the major investor. Due to the important roles associated with the major public enterprises in Nigeria. There is need for good management for its efficiency. It is a fact that government spends large sums of money in setting up these enterprises and thus, looks forward to making profit. As a result of inefficiency in running these enterprise, federal government and state government have in the recent past set up committee which studied the public corporations and parastatals and recommended privatization and commercialization of some of these enterprises. These enterprises perform so poorly than privately owned business.

Since public enterprises are important in growth of any economy, there is the need to investigate the problems of public enterprises in Nigeria? Also, there is need to identify the reasons for criticism leveled against them. Despite the enormous investment in public enterprises, is Nigeria obviously not getting good value for the money being speny or invested on these public enterprises. This gives the decision to this research on “management problems of public enterprises in Enugu state” using ANAMMCO as a case study.

 

1.4            HYPOTHESES FORMULATION

Ho     There is no need for management inefficiency due to the important roles associated with the major public enterprises in Nigeria.

Hi      There is need for management proficiency due to the important roles associated with the major public enterprises in Nigeria.

Ho     Government does not spend large sums of money in setting up these enterprises.

Hi      Government spend large sums of money in setting up these enterprises and thus, look forward to parastatals and companies within this period.

Ho     There is no need for government enterprises in management efficiency established business in Nigeria government.

Hi      There is need for government enterprises in management efficiency established business in Nigeria government.

Ho     public enterprises are not important in their growth of any economy in which both public and private enterprises operates.

Hi      public enterprises are not important in their growth of any economy in which both public and private enterprises operates.

Ho     National economy was given attention to public sector and private sector.

Hi National economy was given less attention to public sector and private sector.

 

1.5            OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

 

 

 

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Analysis Of Factors Responsible For Low Productivity Of Nigeria Workers In The Private Sector

 

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1     Background of the Study

1.2     Statement of the Problem

1.3     Purpose of the Study

1.4     Significance of the Study

1.5     Scope /Limitations of the Study

1.6     Research Questions

References

 

CHAPTER TWO

2.0     LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1     Meaning and Nature of Productivity

2.2     Origin of Low Productivity in Nigeria

2.3     Review of Related Literature

 

CHAPTER THREE

3.0     Research Design and Methodology

3.1     Research Design

3.2     Area of the Study

3.3     Population of the Study

3.4     Sample and Sampling Technique

3.5     Validation /Reliability of Instrument

3.6     Method of Collection

References

 

 

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0     Presentation and Analysis of Data

4.1     Presentation of Data

4.2     Interpretation of Data

References

 

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0     Discussion of Results and Findings

5.1     Findings

5.2     Conclusions

5.3     Implications of the Findings/ Recommendation

References

Bibliography

 

 

 

ABSTRACT

The research on the factors responsible for low-productivity of Nigeria workers in the private sector with particular reference to Nigeria Breweries 9^th mile corners Ngwo Enugu State was intended to determine how to increase productivity in Nigerian economy. In conducting the research reference was made to related literature.

Questionnaires were also used for collection of data for the study. Other forms of data collection were also used e.g. personal observation and consultation of textbooks. It was not all that easy, so there were some limitations which in one way or the other affected the findings of the research.

Tables were used to present, analyze and interpret the data. At the end, findings based on the data and other consultations revealed that, factors like breakdown of machine and equipment, poor management, high rate of labour turnover and lack of production goal cause low productivity .

Recommendations and conclusions were made based on the findings in order to help solve this problem of low-productivity in Nigeria workers.

 

CHAPTER ONE

 

INTRODUCTION

 

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The issue of low productivity of Nigeria workers has in recent years been a matter of grate concern to the nation. The rate at which productivity grows is influenced by two things: –

(i)      The rate of society’s demand and the rate of inflation.

Increased productivity is very vital for the health of the country because it will help to improve the conditions of the environment, enhance security and improve the standard and quality of life of the citizens. This is why David Ricada in his study of population said that food needs to grow at a geometrical rate in order to meet the demand of the growing population. This emphasizes the need for increased productivity.

Yesufu T.M. (1962) was of the view that productivity can be defined as the ratio between output and all the resources used in production i.e. capital, labour, raw materials etc. the most efficient use of all available resources. With these definitions; One may ask why is the Nigeria worker inherently characterized by low-productivity in spite of all government’s efforts to improve the economy and the ever increasing need for improved productivity? The answer to this disturbing question is vital and will be answered and discussed in this study.

Increasing productivity is a way of increasing the ability of people to do what they want, to do as well as achieving a higher standard of living for all suffering from low income and in boosting the prosperity of the overall Nigeria economy.

 

1.2     STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

          Nigerians have so much complained about a low productivity of Nigerian workers. Even workers themselves have also been worried about their own level of productivity. Some of them believe if one’s output is high, it will motivate one much towards working harder and thereby increasing productivity, as high output makes one to be satisfied.

Nigerians cannot withstand the competition in the world market; this is also attributed to low- productivity especially in the industries in the private sectors. This is because; most of the product used in Nigeria is manufactured by them. In other countries their level of technology is high so their productivity is usually high and as such they do well in international market.

It can now be seen that low-productivity is a general issue in Nigeria and also a big problem in Nigeria and it adversely affects the economy. Nigerians are faced with several hardships in the country. Low-productivity of our industries is one of the notable causes of this.  It makes cost of many products to be high as many people want to buy the few available products.

This study will therefore find out the factors responsible for this low-productivity in the private sector of the Nigerian economy using NBL 9^th Mile as the case study.

 

1.3     PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

          The depressing economic situation of things in our country led to the carrying out of this research as the bad economy can be attributable to low-productivity in our industries.

The purpose of this study is therefore to find out those factors which are responsible for low-productivity in Nigeria workers especially in the private sector; from the findings the writer will recommend possible solutions. This will help our workers in the industries to increase their performance and thus help to improve the standard of living and the general economy of Nigeria.

 

1.4     SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The scope of shall cover only Nigeria Breweries Plc 9^th mile corner Ngwo. The study is concerned with factors responsible for low-productivity in Nigeria workers in the private sectors. Measurement of productivity in the business enterprises is relatively quite simple because of the existence of clear – cut relationship between inputs and out-put.

On the basis of the above, this research did not give much consideration to the problems relating to productivity is not easily quantifiable.

 

1.5     RESEARCH QUESTIONS

          The following research questions have been designed to guide this study: –

1. What are the factors responsible for low productivity in Nigeria workers in the private sector?
2. Is the level of productivity of industries in the private sector important to the Nigerian economy?
3. What are the influences of low-productivity in Nigeria workers on Nigerian economy?

 

 

 

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ABSTRACT 

This research work discussed the management function, which is used in achieving desired results through efficiency utilization of human and material resources.

It is intended to be problem solved and revealing the management and subordinates as well.

I have organized this work in chapters to enable full discussion in each area  selected. This first chapter deals with the introduction general background to the subject matter, problem associated with the subject matter, problems that the study will be concerned with, the importance of studying the  area, definitions of important terms and references. This chapter reveals the reasons of the research work to enable the reader to know the area of coverage.

The second chapter is concerned with the literature review, the origin of the subject area, school of thought within the subject area, the school of thought relevant to the problem of study, difference methods of studying the problems, summary and references. This chapter tells us the meaning of the word we are dealing with, how it was seen by some management theorists, reasons for performance appraisals in organization.

The final chapter, which is chapter, three reveals the conclusions, data presentation (highlights of the study) analysis of the data, recommendation, conclusion and references of their research work. This chapter is very vital because it explains the result of the research work and give suggestions on what should be done and what should not be done depending on the finds of the researcher

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER ONE

1.0      Introduction

1.1            General background to the subject matter

1.2            Problems associated with the subject matter

1.3            Problems that the study will be concerned  with

1.4            The importance of studying the area

1.5            Definition of important terms

1.6            Reference

 

CHAPTER TWO

2.0      Literature review

2.1            The Origin of The Subject Area

2.2                          Schools of Thought Within The Subject Area

2.3                          The School of Thought Relevant to the Problem of Study.

2.4                          Different methods of studying the problem

2.5                          Summary

2.6                          Reference

 

CHAPTER THREE

3.0      Conclusion

3.1                          Data presentation (highlights of the study)

3.2                          Analysis of the data

3.3                          Recommendation

3.4                          Conclusion

3.5                          Reference

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

 

1.0            INTRODUCTION

It is of immense importance is any firm or organization to put the employees’ welfare first because no organization can exist on theories except if human beings carry out those theories and apply them to practical things. When a worker is employed in an organization, a guide, a rule and regulation are given to him or her to make sure that he effort and performance is directed towards  one channel, which is objectives of the organization.

As well management expects high performance and corporation from the employee who is given incentives by given remuneration but when the things expected by both management and employee is not far fetched then there exists a phenomena, which raises the eye brow of the management to ask what is a miss.

This research work deals with such phenomena, which  such phenomena, which is “Employee performance appraisal as a strategies to management”.

 

1.1                                    GENERAL BACKGROUND TO THE SUBJECT MATTER

The first and only indigenous network provider in Nigeria called NITEL was originally known as post & telegraph communication. It was established during the colonial era.

The Nigeria Telecommunications Limited (NITEL) is a federal Government owned company that provides public telecommunications services in  Nigeria it started operations as a company in 1985 as an amalgam of the telecommunications Division of the default P & T Department and the Nigeria  External Telecommunications limited (NIT) and now has staff strength of about 11,000.

In 1992, NITEL was commercialized following a tripartite agreement between it, the government and the Technical Committee on Privatization & Commercialization (TCPC). In the same year, NITEL pioneered the mobile telecommunications services in Nigeria, which was later excised from the company to form M-Tel in 1996. M-Tel was however reemerged resulting conglomerate was constituted into three directorates which all  reported to the corporate headquarters. The directorates were for long Distance communications, Domestic  Communications.

M-Tel was again excised from NITEL in April 2003. As a result of   the excision, M-Tel became legally, administratively, operationally and financially autonomous but it remained fully owned by and as  a full subsidiary of NITEL. The company operates a six zonal structure, the zones are:

(a)              Lagos zone with headquarters in Lagos

(b)             North West Zone with headquarters in Kaduna

(c)              North East zone with headquarters in Bauchi

(d)             South East zone with headquarters in Enugu

(e)              South West zone with headquarter in Ibadan

(f)               Central zone with headquarters  in Abuja

Each state of the Federation and the Federal capital represents a territory. Lagos  is however structured into their territories because of the volume of business in the city.

Fully commercialization policy of the federal government, NITEL Limited, more than ever, is committed to the provision of efficient, reliable and cost effective telecommunication services nationally and internationally. This set of objectives has remained the guiding principles which the company’s operations are based.

NITEL has about 800,000 telephone lines and about 13000 telex lines in the network with the introduction of digital system into the network  from 1990 and the commencement of GSM operations by M-Tel its subsidiary, the total installed capacity of telephone lines is expected to reach three million next year. About 450,000 lines, while 80% of transmissions digital.

In April 2003 the management of NITEL was contracted to messers pentascope. International following another tripartie agreement between the Bureau of Public Enterprises (on behalf of the National Government). NITEL and pentascope international. This contract is for a period of three years  during which pentascope international will positively turn around the operational, technical, financial and administrative fortunes of NITEL for the betterment of the company’s customer’s shareholders and stakeholders.

In the last quarter of 003, a comprehensive business plan was approved for NITEL. The programme is a blue print too turns the company around. Components of this programme are already being implemented. Some of these are a new organogam for the company investment in various projects that would on completion, earn significant revenues for the company and an intra-industry policy of cooperation, mutual understanding and national cohesion.

NITEL limited has continued to live up to the expectations of the Federal Government by improving on its achievements in the efficient management of its operations and network. The company has consolidated its corporate existence and is firmly on path to providing adequate effective, modern and viable telecommunications services for t he nation development.

This motivation which is one of the functions of management is directed at stimulating workers and therefore, the personnel management department of any organization does appraisal to verify the extent to which they have stimulated workers or employees in an organization toward achieving the organizational main objective.

According to Abraham Mashow and Douglas McGregor who are known for motivational theories said that an employee comes to work to get both the intrinsic rewards such as recognition esteem and self-fulfillment and also the extrinsic  rewards like promotion, improved condition of service and an adequate enumeration. It may seem realistic to say that only pay increase motivates subordinates but it is a blatant lie.

We want to use this study to explore the employees motivational strategies in NITEL Limited and then know what the employees in this company want from their jobs and how best their expectations can be met with a view to motivating them to a higher performance which leads to higher productivity.

 

1.2                                    PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH THE SUBJECT MATTER

There is a question that always strikes ones mind whenever motivation is mentioned. That question is why is it that the self employed Nigerian is always highly motivated to produce more while the public sector employees are not usually responsive to the motivation giving to them.

It is also observed that private company employees performances are very high compared to that of public company employees. All these question and observation revolves around the phenomenon of motivation.

The problem above creates greater economic depress in Nigeria economy and NITEL Ltd. In particular but after this research work remedy will be made.

In answering the question above, some psychologist and some social scientist postulated various theories on motivation, which includes Abram Maslow’s theory of motivation, the popular theory of Herzberg. “motivation Hygiene factors”. Theory  x  and  Y.

It is a pity that many Nigerian managers and employees of labour are not aware  of this important factor called motivation and its effects on employees.

 

1.3     PROBLEMS THAT THE STUDY WILL BE CONCERNED WITH

The problem employees’ performance Appraisal encounter in an organization affects its productivity. Over the years business organizations has tried a lot to eradicate this problems that some times engulf managerial progress in Business organizations and NITEL Ltd. In particulars. These problems are:

1. Favoritism
2. Nigerian quota system
3. Financial worries
4. Domestics problem
5. Ignorance of the effect of ones effort to the achievement of organizational goals

This problem also attaches itself with research question and will use the same opportunities to discuss research questions.

 

RESEARCH QUESTIONS:

1. Why is employees’ performance appraisal needed in an organization?
2. What impact can it create in progress of an organization?
3. Does employee performance appraisal have any theoretical backup and background?
4. Can we be really done without Employees Performance Appraisal?

On the reason why employee performance Appraisal is needed in an organization, both charitable and non-profit organization has failure because of inadequate employees Performance Appraisal. Employees’ Performance Appraisal is needed in an organization to either motivate workers or remind them. NITEL Ltd. Appraisal its staff yearly, after the exercise hard working staff will be promoted and some incentive will be give to them

 

 

1.4        THE IMPORTANCE OF STUDYING THE AREA

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