EFFECT OF GOVERNMENT OWNERSHIP AND CONTROL OF MASS MEDIA ON MEDIA OBJECTIVITY (A CASE STUDY OF ESBS)

 

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title page

Approval page

Dedication

Table of contents

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

• Background of study
• Statement of problem
• Objectives of study
• Significance of the study
• Scope and limitation
• Research question
• Research hypothesis

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1     Theoretical framework

• Reasons for government ownership and control of the mass media in nig
• Government ownership and objective journalism
• Implication of unobjectivity in government media
• Summary of literature review

 

CHAPTER THREE

3.0     Research methodology

• Research design
• Research design
• Research sample
• Measuring instrument
• Method of data collection
• Method of data analysis

 

CHAPTER FOUR

• Introduction to data analysis and presentation
• Data analysis questionnaires
• Results of hypothesis and interpretation
• Discussion of the analysis

 

CHAPTER FIVE

Recommendation and conclusion

References

CHAPTER ONE

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Since the inception of colonialism, the government over the years enjoyed a monopoly of the proprietorship of broadcasting stations with all the implications of that monopoly. That the right to private ownership of the broadcast media, implied in the right to freedom of expression, enshrined in section 36 of the 1979 constitution of the federal republic of Nigeria is circumscribed within sub-section 2 of that same section which states thus: “provided that no person, other than the federation or a state or any other person or body authorized by the president shall mown, establish or operate a television or wireless broadcasting station for any purpose whatsoever”.

The provision in section 38(2) 4 the 1989 constitution of the federal republic of Nigeria is the same as that quoted above.

The various governments of Nigeria declined the idea of private ownership of broadcasting stations even with this concession in the above sections of the constitution a provision for establishment of private broadcast institution on the specific approval of the country’s president what was seen as the monopoly by the various government of the powerful organs of the electronic media to preserve their hold on power generated controversial debate as far back as the 1980’s when the issue of private insertion was a constant feature in most write-up. Professional seminars and conferences touching on the media.

Not withstanding, the private ownership are still control and influenced by the government and they works in the direction of the government because of their close relationship, that’s why Mr. osi ogboso, the chairman of Nigeria union of journalist (NUJ) Enugu chapter stated that ownership and control of mass media objectivity has gone beyond government ownership that even the private media are influenced by the government due to financed support.

The inception of the federal communication commission created in 1934 to regulate broadcasting in the public interest began to tighten the obligations of the “fairness doctrine” in 1970 required that broadcasters who present a series on controversial issues or who editorialize invite specific spokesmen to state contrasting views.

The media of mass communication has two important broad sub-divisions vizs. The electronic and the print media. The pint media include a whole range of printed materials. Mainly the newspaper, and magazine, these are regional, national and international informers which provides retrievable, researched and in depth news stories of events.

Since it’s inception in 1859, courtesy of Henry Townsend, either individuals have always owned print media, groups of individuals, organizations or government be state or national. Due to the pluralistic nature of control, the competition thereof, and the greater popularity of the print media, it has always being a vital instrument of enlightenment. In fact, it was instrumental in the struggle to gain independence for Nigeria in 1960 courtesy of zik’s paper “pilot of Africa”. However, the individuals or groups that establish newspapers/ magazines have always used it to propagate their interests. But on the whole, it has played a major role in informing, educating and entertaining the society.

Moreover, print media enjoy less control and censorship from the government. The other arm of mass communication media. It comprises of the radio and television. it has not been as enterprising as it should be neither is it as competitive and free as the print media. This is attributable to the majority ownership and control of the electronic media by the government. This attribute is not a recent phenomenon. It can be traced to the political experience of the western region of Nigeria in the first republic where. “During the 1962-1965 political crisis in the western region, broadcasting was employed freely by the government of the day as an instrumental for waging an offensive against opposition. Again MINAJ was once shoot down because of a report against the government.

Following the activities of major political actors, the government saw it’s effectiveness and efficacy, then decided to only trust the electronic media into the care of it’s royals. I therefore tried with the idea of tying the ratio and television to what Mr. lgnitus Aja of ESBS called “it’s apron”.

The governments insistence on morning and contravention of the universal declaration of human rights article 19 of the UNO, this article states thus, “everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression, this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference dn seek recive and import information and ideas though any media and regardless of frontiers.

It has been widely acclaimed that the government had to take a monopolistic decision of the mass media precisely electronic media because, powerful and controlled nature of the electronic media.