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Sustainable decomracy: a dependent variable to national development

February 20, 2019 projecteasy Leave a comment

Sustainable decomracy: a dependent variable to national development (a case study of anambra state

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Title

Approval

Dedication

Acknowledgement

Abstract

Table of contents

Chapter one

Introduction

1.1 Background of the study

Statement of the problem
Purpose of the study

1.4. Significance of the study

Research questions.
Research Questions
Scope of the Study
Scope of the Study
Definition of Terms

Chapter Two

Literature Review

Brief introduction

Concept of Nation Development
Induces of Nation Development
Strategies of National Development
Concept of Democracy and sustainable democracy.
Factors militating Against sustainable Democracy
Solution to the problems of Democracy.
National Development in Anambra.

Chapter Three

Research Methodology

A brief out line of the study

Design of the study
Area of the study
Population of the study.
Sample of the study
Instrument for data collection
Validation of the instrument
Distribution and retrieval of the instrument
Method of data analysis

Chapter Four

Data presentation and Analysis
- Presentation and interpretation of data According to research Questions.

Chapter five

Summary, conclusion and Recommendation

Summary of findings
Conclusion
Recommendations
Limitation of the study
Suggestion for further research

Reference

Appendix A __ Letter

Appendix B __ Questionnaires

ABSTRACT

THE PRIMARY AIM OF THIS RESEARCH WORK IS TO DEEPLY INVESTIGATE AND IDENTIFY THE NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE ACHIEVEMENT OF SUSTAINABLE DEMOCRACY IN ANAMBRA STATE, AND HOW THEIR ATTITUDE FOSTER, ENCOURAGE, PROMOTE OR RETARD THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE AREA SINCE THE FORMATION OF THE ANIDS. TO CONDUCT A THOROUGH RESEARCH, THE RESEARCHER SAMPLED THE POPULATION AND THOSE CHOSEN WERE ADMINISTERED WITH QUESTIONNIRE. THERE FINDINGS WERE ANALYZED USING SIMPLE PERCENTAGE METHOD. BASED ON THE ANALYSES THE RESEARCHER FOUND THAT ANAMBRA STATE WITH A LAUDABLE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY THAT IS DEVELOPMENT ORIENTED AND WHICH HAS THE PEOPLES INTEREST AT HEART. SEQUEL TO THE ABOVE, THE RESEARCHER RECOMMENDED THAT GOVERNMENT SHOULD SUPPORT AND ASSIST BOTH FINANCIALLY AND OTHERWISE TO THE DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS INITIATED AND EXECUTED BY THE ANAMBRA STATE GOVERNMENT WHICH ARE IN THE BEST INTEREST OF THE PEOPLE TO FOSTER NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND SUSTAINABLE DEMOCTRACY. IN CONCLUSION, THEREFORE, THE ROLE OF ANIDS SHOULD BE WELL COMED BY THE PEOPLE OF ANAMBRA STATE FOR THE INTEREST OF MAINTAINING THEIR STATUS QUO IN THE AREA OF NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND SUSTAINABLE DEMOCRACY.

CHAPTER TWO

INTRODUCTION

Sustainable democracy a dependent variable to national development cannot be over emphasized in the sense that National development is the bedrock of every nation. Whether developed or underdeveloped in the nation. They still work towards improving or maintaining their national development.

National development is also the gradual manifestation of positive changes in the economic, industrial, political, social, cultural and administrative life of a country. In viewing the process of a country, term national development is more comprehensive than economic development or economic growth.

Democracy on the other hand is a system of government which gives periodic opportunities for the masses to choose their leaders. It ensures massive participation in governmental activities. A sustainable democracy is therefore a controlled reasonably high and stable level of democracy.

Having seen the meaning of the two concepts, that is National development and sustainable democracy, it is of no doubt that sustainable democracy will help increase the rate of national development because of the special feature of democracy.

The aim of this research is to show how sustainable democracy improves national development in Anambra State. Also, the barriers to sustainable democracy will not be left out.

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

A critical study on sustainable democracy and national development has shown that sustainable democracy is crucial for national development. They manifested in the context of Anambra State from 2007-2009 where Peter Obi’s administration made a tremendous efforts to carry out and execute development projects for the national development. As a matter of facts, it becomes paramount important that in order for Obi’s administration to achieve his aim of bringing sustainable democracy in Anambra state so as to foster national development he introduced Anambra integrated development strategy (ANIDS) which serves as machinery to carryout developmental projects.

There are however, studies which have demonstrated how political, united and harmonies Anambra people have through this strategy, achieving national development without waiting for the central government to take initiative.

It is believed that national development and sustainable democracy in Anambra state is now on its climax since the inception of Anambra integrated development strategy (ANIDS). But before I delineate (describe) the identifiable developments attained in Anambra through this strategy in order to achieve sustainable democracy, let us look into and examine what development is all about.

The concept of development is as old as the creation of man immediately after the creation of man and the emergence of his consciousness in his environment of operation. It become very obvious to him that his immediate secular environment possess a crude nature. A nature, which in its character, is against the existentiality of man, hinges on his three basic needs which are food, shelter and clothing consequently, for man to eat, he must hunt, gather fruits and develop agricultural technology for him to be sheltered, he must build houses and develop contraction technology, for him to cloth, he must make his cloth and develop manufacturing and mining technology. This implies that development in human socio-economic environment hinges on technological base will enable man to surmount these environmental obstacles that are problems to his existence.

One of the greatest problems of the developing countries is development. This is the more reason why it occupies a part of every national discussion with much emphasis of it pursued through planning. The problems of development are permeating that it affects every sector of the economy as well as individuals.

Todano (1985) in his own view defined development as a multi-dimensional process involving the re-organization and re-orientation of the entire economic and social system. This involves in addition to improvement of income and output, radical changes in institutional, social and administrative structure as well as in popular attitudes custom and beliefs. Development is then both a physical process and a state of mind, involving the transformation of institution and the change in the thinking of people.

Abah (2000:1) Sees development as a tri-dimensional concept having a utilitarian or consumatory dimension which connotes increase in the quantity of usable items available to man in society. Based on the above interpretation of development, one can see development as a social change in which new ideas are introduced into a social system thereby bringing change in the parameters of political, economical and socio-cultural.

On the same view, Rodney (1972) sees development both from the level of individual and that of the society as a whole. At level of the individual, development implies increased skill and capacity, greater freedom, creativity, self disciplined, responsibility and material well being on the level of the society, development cannot be seen purely as an economic affair, but rather as an overall social process, which is dependent upon the outcome of man’s efforts to deal with his national environment.

From what we have said so far concerning development, I would not hesitate to say that ANIDS Introduced by Peter Obi’s administration have been able to effect some changes in national development and sustainable democracy in some of the areas mentioned in discussed in the national development of Anambra.

Anambra state was created in the year 1991 with 21 Local Government Authorities (L.G.A) It shares a common boundary with Abia, Delta, Enugu, Imo and Kogi states.

The state is well known for its industrial centers and markets, with 75% of the state involved in Agriculture located in the south-East region of Nigeria, Anambra state is the center of the major transport routes in Nigeria Onitsha Expressway and the Onitsha Owerri highway. The position of the state makes it a focal point for transport and trade in Nigeria.

Leadership of the state, started from the creation with the military regime meanwhile the democratic governance of the state started with Dr. Chukwuemeka Ezeife (Okwadike Igboukwu) through military toppled the nascent democracy till 1999 when Dr. Chinwoke Mbadinuju emerged as the Governor till 2003, when another election was conducted in order to replaced the then Government. The April 2003, election saw Dr. Nwabueze Ngige (MOON) into power instead of Mr. Peter Obi as the case may be. Then in June 14^th 2006, the appeal and supreme count granted Mr. Obi the power to the power to be the governor of Anambra state. Hence as an astute and efficient administrator, he Peter Obi formed Anambra state integrated Development strategy (ANIDS) as an umbrella for all development of all programmes throughout his tenure ANIDS is like a vehicle for the delivery of the millennium Development of all sectors of the economy, it is also a realizable strategy for Anambra people to attained their sustainable democracy.

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

It is a notable fact that sustainable democracy and national development in Anambra state confronted by numerous problems on a close observation of development in Anambra state, one notice that the problem faced by sustainable democracy and national development is on its great magnitude.

There has been the problem of corruption, the representatives when corrupt willing elections to their own advantage thereby working against the democratic feature which says that elections should be free and fair, corruption will contribute to the backwardness of state.

Secondly, dependency of the judiciary is another problem confronting the sustainable democracy and national development of the state. Even when a democratic government is claimed to be operating, the judiciary that ought to be independence still dances the tune of both the executive and judiciary. they are being bribed in the discharge of their duty thereby military against sustainable democracy which will deplete the plans have in mind for national development.

In Nigeria, equality before the law as characteristics of democracy is practiced only in paper not practical some top government officials break the laws on daily basis, yet go Scot-free. The facts that these top officials are not charged to court while in office makes them see themselves as people above the law and hinder the effective functioning of sustainable democracy.

The press is not free to let loose some information that will be of paramount importance to the public due to fear of favour. They only say what they are asked to say, by so doing, sustainable democracy cannot be achieved.

Finally, most of the populations are ignorant and doubt even knows their rights and they are trampled upon.

1.3 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

The purpose of this research is to evaluate sustainable democracy as dependent variable for the attainment of national development using Peter Obi’s administration in Anambra state from 2007-2009.

A critical analysis of this will help the federal government to know their weak points concerning those things they have to do in order to foster national development in different states of the federation. The objectives of this study therefore are aimed at.

Identify the problem that militates against sustainable democracy and national development in Anambra State.
Examine how the people in Anambra state are courage to embrace national development in their areas.
Identifying the areas the Obi’s administration has played cure role in bringing national development to the state.

Suggesting measure of solution through which the problems militating against national development and sustainable democracy in Anambra state could be alleviated.

1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

It is wise and important to mention that study dealt primarily in national development and sustainable democracy in Anambra state. It is also important to mention that this research was undertaken essentially to know how far national development has played it role in bringing sustainable democracy in the state.

However, this research shows how states can strategize for development and ways to attain it. Again, the academic and all future generations of people who may wish to undertake a study in the discipline or related discipline.

Finally, this study is significance because the statement finding and recommendation of the study enable the governor in the state to learn from other people mistakes and effects changes where necessary.

1.5 RESEARCH QUESTION

In pursuance of the research work the researcher deemed it necessary to formulate research questions. Thus these research questions will enable any reader of this work to comprehend clearly what the study is all about.

To what extent has Anids gone in bringing about national development and sustainable democracy?
What are the problems militating against the national development and sustainable democracy intended by Anids?
Do you think Anids introduced by Peter Obi is the right strategy for tackling the problems in Anambra state?
Which sectors of Anambra’s economy have felt the impact of Anids?
What do you think are the problems preventing or delaying the successful implementation of Anids?

1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

Oruala (1985:38) stated that an adequate statement of the problem also defines if very carefully in terms of its scope and it very obvious for a researcher to set forth the bounds of the topic being studied. These are the essential things in the scope of a research work. Based on the above issue of sustainable democracy a dependent variable to national development, the areas t5hat this study is mostly affected is Anambra people (from 2007-2009)

1.7 DEFINITION OF TERMS

Democracy: Abraham Lincoln, a one time president of the USA, defined democracy as government of the people, by the people and for the people.

Development: The gradual growth of something so that it becomes more advance, stronger a new event or stage that is likely to affect what happen in a continuity situation. It could be in political and economic.

Essential: It means completely necessary, extremely important in a particular situation for a particular activity.

National Development: Ademolekun (1986:92) true national development resides in the development of man a process by which man’s personality is enhanced and that it is that enhanced social economic transformation of any society.

Sustainable Democracy: According to Lorimer et al (1995) sustainable democracy means continued reasonably high and stable level of democracy.

Variable: Oxford Advanced Learner’s dictionary 6^th Edition defined variable as often changing lively to change.

Dependent: Oxford Advanced Learner’s dictionary 6^th Edition defined dependent as needing in order to survive or be successful.

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW

BRIEF INTRODUCTION

So many authors have tried to write some literature concerning national development and sustainable democracy. The review was presented under the following headings:

– Concept of national development

– Indices of national development

– Strategies or national development

– Concept of democracy and sustainable democracy

– Factors military against sustainable democracy

– Solutions to the problems of democracy

– National development in Anambra State.

2.1 CONCEPT OF NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT

National development encompasses all the ‘sectoral development”.

National development is an organized effort by government geared towards advancement in the economy, polity and society at large. In simple term, national development is the creation for the attainment of basic human needs.

Ngwu (1983:120) sees national development as the shared aspirations of state who are member of a functional institution.

Ademolekun (1986:92) true national development resides in the development of man-a process by which man’s personality is enhanced and that it is that enhanced personality creative, organized and disciplined which is the moving force behind social economic transformation of any society. He further argued that a developed society is one that is capable of borrowing from other societies, without becoming merely initiative thereby loosing its own soul of identity.

2.2 INDICES OF NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT

Economist and development experts are generally agreed in what factors should constitute indices for national level. However, wed have adopted a comprehensive approach by broadly categorizing indices or indicators of national development into economic, political, social and technical/technology.

Economic indicators
1. Gross National Product (GNP) Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The gross national product is one of the classical indicators of economic development. GNP is a term used to describe the total annual flow of goods and services in the economy of a nation.
2. Per capital income: It is the rate showing the amount of money received by individuals for their own use per capital income is also know as “income per total” and it is calculated by dividend total output with total population.
3. Capital Accumulations/saving: capital here consist of all types of assets fixed and current. It believed that the move capital accumulated by a country, the higher the rate of saving and higher the rate of investment, which will in turn lead to a higher rate economic development and income, national development.
4. Agriculture: Agriculture has a direct relationship with development in general and industrialized in particular. It is also important because it makes food available for a country population and employment opportunities.
5. Industrialization: Ordinarily, Industrialization is a condition marked by increase in the importance of industry to an economy
Political indicators
1. Independent Judiciary: this means a situation whereby the Judiciary should carryout their duties with fear or favour from the other arms.
2. Political Stability: Political Instability is one of the major problems of developing countries. In Nigeria for instance, we have had a least seven military camp. These