ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECTS OF BANKING REFORMS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISE IN KADUNA NORTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT

Click here to download our android mobile app to your phone  for more materials and others

COMPLETE PROJECT  MATERIAL COST 2500 NAIRA OR $10 , WITH THE SOFTWARE 30,000 NAIRA

. A FRESH TOPIC NOT LISTED ON OUR WEBSITE COST 50,000 NAIRA ( UNDERGRADUATE) OR 100,000 FOR SECOND DEGREE STUDENTS. $500. PLUS  FREE SUPPORT UNTIL YOU FINISH YOUR PROJECT WORK. CONTACT US TODAY, WE MAKE A DIFFERENT. DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.  DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.

Note: our case study can be change to suit your desire location . we are here for your success.

                                   ORDER NOW

Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

Note:  We accept bank transfer, ATM cash transfer , Online payment using your ATM , Western union bank transfer.  We will respond to you anytime of the day. 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS  LESS THAN 24 HOURS

CALL OKEKE CHIDI C ON :  08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE  YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 2 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.   

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE

 

ABSTRACT
This research is to critically evaluate the prospect of Nigerian banking reforms towards economic development. The reforms contribute in no small measure to the growth and development of Nigeria’s economy and this has propelled the researcher to embark on this research. The researcher divided the work into five chapters. In this research work the aims and objectives of the statement was highlighted the beneficiaries from this project the scope and problems encountered in the course of the research was also highlighted. The work of some other was reviewed, and method used in gathering the information for this research was also highlighted. The information gather so far was presented in and analyse in using statistical table and simple percentage for easy understanding. The hypothesis formulated was tested and the result proof that commercial banks play more than a significant role in economic development of Nigeria. The researcher also draw a summary, and also recommendations for further study

CHAPTER ONE
1.1 Background of the study
It is incontrovertible that the banking system is the engine of growth in any economy, given its function of financial intermediation. Through this function, banks facilitate capital formation, lubricate the production engine turbines and promote economic growth. However, banks’ ability to engender economic growth and development depends on the health, soundness and stability of the system. The need for a strong, reliable and viable banking system is underscored by the fact that the industry is one of the few sectors in which the shareholders’ fund is only a small proportion of the liabilities of the enterprise. It is, therefore, not surprising that the banking industry is one of the most regulated sectors in any economy. It is against this background that the Central Bank of Nigeria, in the maiden address of its current Governor, Prof. Charles Soludo, outlined the first phase of its banking sector reforms designed to ensure a diversified, strong and reliable banking industry. The primary objective of the reforms is to guarantee an efficient and sound financial system. The reforms are designed to enable the banking system develop the required resilience to support the economic development of the nation by efficiently performing its functions as the fulcrum of financial intermediation (Lemo, 2005). Thus, the reforms were to ensure the safety of depositors’ money, position banks to play active developmental roles in the Nigerian economy, and become major players in the sub-regional, regional and global financial markets. The key elements of the 13-point reform programme include: Minimum capital base of N25 billion with a deadline of 31st December, 2005; Consolidation of banking institutions through mergers and acquisitions; Phased withdrawal of public sector funds from banks, beginning from July, 2004; Adoption of a risk-focused and rule-based regulatory framework; Zero tolerance for weak corporate governance, misconduct and lack of transparency;

1.2 Statement of the Problem
The Nigerian banking sector witnessed dramatic growth post-consolidation. However, neither the industry nor the regulators were sufficiently prepared to sustain and monitor the sector’s explosive growth. Prevailing sentiment and economic prevailing attitude all encouraged this rapid growth, creating a blind spot to the risks building up in the system.
The following question was raised for this research work
1. Does a large and sudden capital inflow lead to Macro-economic instability?
2. Does bank consolidation lead to major failures in corporate governance at banks?
3. Are weaknesses in the business environment attributed to bank reform?

THE ROLE OF BANK OF INDUSTRY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES (SMES) IN KADUNA

Click here to download our android mobile app to your phone  for more materials and others

COMPLETE PROJECT  MATERIAL COST 2500 NAIRA OR $10 , WITH THE SOFTWARE 30,000 NAIRA

. A FRESH TOPIC NOT LISTED ON OUR WEBSITE COST 50,000 NAIRA ( UNDERGRADUATE) OR 100,000 FOR SECOND DEGREE STUDENTS. $500. PLUS  FREE SUPPORT UNTIL YOU FINISH YOUR PROJECT WORK. CONTACT US TODAY, WE MAKE A DIFFERENT. DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.  DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.

Note: our case study can be change to suit your desire location . we are here for your success.

                                   ORDER NOW

Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

Note:  We accept bank transfer, ATM cash transfer , Online payment using your ATM , Western union bank transfer.  We will respond to you anytime of the day. 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS  LESS THAN 24 HOURS

CALL OKEKE CHIDI C ON :  08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE  YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 2 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.   

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE

 

ABSTRACT
This research work is conducted on the role of bank of industry in the development of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). The aims and objectives of the study is to analyze the various role played by bank of industry in developing small and medium enterprises as well as the activities of government policies, such as provision of infrastructural facilities provision of local finance facilities, funding of industries and institutions like SSICS, CIRD and FIIRO. The researcher uses the questionnaire and interview method to collect the data from the respondents. The analysis and crossed tabulation of data gathered were done using the mean statistical method with the 1-5 Likert rating scale for proper accuracy in arriving at a dependable decision rule. Lastly the researcher concluded that, the bank of industry was able to maintain its customer because they do welcome whatever kind of financial assistance, therefore, he finally recommended that, the government should also endeavour to appoint the workers to teach the entrepreneur who does not have the advantage of attending seminar or workshops especially the illiterate ones and keep supervising them in right way.

CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION

1.0 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The dynamic role of government agencies in the development of small and medium enterprises is an engine through which the growth and development objectives of developing nations can be achieved which has been recognized and stated in the literature is quite interesting. These enterprises have a very important impact on the life of everybody in the society. The small independence business are everywhere and in every line of work, they can also be seen in every community. This business is as old as man. So virtually everything is done in life involved the element of business. Small and medium enterprise constitutes an importance in todays business activities or system. The role of small and medium enterprise in our economic history however, has been one of the distribution and contribution.
Although its relative importance has decline with the growth of the big business, small and medium business is till major contribution to the countries economy. Business in Nigeria today is made up of both large and small business. Today small scale enterprise have to enjoy more prestige than ever before because of its vital contribution to the nations economy. So vital is small scale business. There are successful small scale enterprise operating like the manufacturing plants, retails, stores, wholesales, drugs, computers, construction firms and hundred of other type of business.
Nigeria population was estimated to be 167 million in 2012 with about 75% of this made up of small scale enterprise operators. Lack of full study of government agencies in the development of these enterprises especially, the financial institution made it impossible to know the size, structure and function of these small and medium business to the development of the economy of Nigeria.
Government agencies are charged with the responsibilities among others to carryout duties and deliver utilities as it may be regulated from time to time on behalf of the government for the purpose of uplifting the standard of living. Government agencies such as bank of industry (BOI) is charged with the responsibility like provision of medium and long term finances by way of equity funding, loan and lease financing, guarantees, investment in corporate bonds business development services, co-financing, working capital finance and promotion of small and medium enterprises and industries project, co-sponsoring financial institutions and small and medium enterprises.
This bank of industry was formerly originated from Nigerian industrial development bank limited was established in 1964 following the reconstruction of the investment company of Nigeria limited (ICON) NIDB was set up primarily to accelerate Nigerian industrialization.
The bank was to conceive shortly after Nigerian attains independence in 1960. The idea was to set up development of financial institution to serve as a dedicated window for channeling fund from within and outside the country to the young nation states industrial sector. Economic reconstruction fund (NERFUND) in the last regime of Obasanjo administration is renamed as BOI.
1.1 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Several studies have indentified financial constraints as the major obstacle to good small and medium enterprise development in developing countries including Nigeria. Most government agencies have undergone numbers of re-organization especially bank of industry (BOI) which affect their forces and activities that leads to effective performance and lack of proper control on their activities.
The most obvious problems facing the society is the most basic economic problem such as what to produce, how much to produce, for whom to produce, How efficient of resources use or providing efficient financial resources technical assistance, how much to consume and to save and problem of unemployed resources etc, security on loan given out to customer SMEs evaluating of project that are financed which may take more time than stated at the beginning. Also the finance project time table, which depends on nature and complexity of the project, it may take one to two years sometimes longer from when project was identified to when it was commissioned.
The project financing involves giving loan to a new entity established specifically to own or operate project. On the part of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) how effective are they utilizing the services rendered to them by the bank of industry (BOI). Also are they able to cope with the policies adopted by these agencies (BOI) in obtaining loan and other services rendered such as interest rate on capital collateral facilities and the role of government.

1.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The aims and objectives of the study is to identify and consequently analyze the most effective and efficient way through which bank of industry is developing of small and medium enterprises as well as the activities of government policies such as provision of infrastructural facilities, provision for local finance facilitaties and funding of industries and funding institutions like small scale industrial credit scheme (SSICS), center for industrial research and development (CIRD), and Federal Institute of industrial research, Oshodi (FIIRO) etc are they to what does the policies of government are achieved towards developing SMEs by so doing that, the researcher intends giving an in-depth information and analysis on the various strategies thorough which SMEs can be financed by BOI.

AN APPRAISAL OF DEPOSIT AND LENDING POLICIES IN NIGERIAN BANKS (A Case Study of Access Bank Plc, Kaduna)

Click here to download our android mobile app to your phone  for more materials and others

COMPLETE PROJECT  MATERIAL COST 2500 NAIRA OR $10 , WITH THE SOFTWARE 30,000 NAIRA

. A FRESH TOPIC NOT LISTED ON OUR WEBSITE COST 50,000 NAIRA ( UNDERGRADUATE) OR 100,000 FOR SECOND DEGREE STUDENTS. $500. PLUS  FREE SUPPORT UNTIL YOU FINISH YOUR PROJECT WORK. CONTACT US TODAY, WE MAKE A DIFFERENT. DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.  DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.

Note: our case study can be change to suit your desire location . we are here for your success.

                                   ORDER NOW

Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

Note:  We accept bank transfer, ATM cash transfer , Online payment using your ATM , Western union bank transfer.  We will respond to you anytime of the day. 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS  LESS THAN 24 HOURS

CALL OKEKE CHIDI C ON :  08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE  YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 2 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.   

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE

 

ABSTRACT

This research work was undertaken to assess the bank deposits and their impact on lending policies. This work was intended to achieve the following objectives: to apprise and determine the lending procedure of banks, to highlight the extent to which improper project evaluation influence bad debts of money. Deposit banks. Relevant data were collected from both primary and secondary sources. Questionnaire was the main primary data collected instrument employed while data from various relevant publications constituted the source secondary data. Upon the analysis of data, the following conclusion were drawn; that sound lending requires a clear-well articulated and easy accessible policy documents which spells out the philosophy of lending. On the basis of the above findings, it was recommended that banks should ensure that loans given out to customers should be backed-up with adequate collateral security. Finally, it is the opinion of the researcher that the management of bank deposit should prevent the incidence of bad debts in Nigerian banks.

CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
In a modern economic system, there is distinction between the surplus and deficit economic units and consequently a separation of the savings and investment mechanism. This has necessitated the existence of financial institutions whose jobs include the transfer of funds from savers to investors. One of institution is the money deposits bank, the intermediating roles of the money deposit banks places them in a position of “trustees” of the savings of the widely dispersed surplus economic units as well as the determinant of the rate and shape of the economic development. The techniques employed by bankers in this intermediary function should provide them with perfect knowledge of the outcome of lending such that funds will be allocated to investment in which probability of full payment is certain. However, in practice no such tool can be found in the decision of lending bankers. Virtually all lending decisions are made under creditors uncertain of the risk and uncertainties associated with lending decision situations are so great that the concepts of risk and risk analysis need to be employed by lending bankers in order to facilitate sound financial decision making and judgment.

This statement implies that if risks are to be objective assessed, lending decisions by the money deposit banks should be based less on quantitative data and more on principals tools subjected to provide sound and unbiased judgment. Furthermore, the banks depend heavily on historical information as a basis for decision making.
Apparently aware of the inadequacies of his or her decisions base, the lending banker has often sought solace in tangible and marketable assets as security giving the impression that lending against such securities is an insurance against bad debts. This makes the banker complacent with his loan port folio. The increasing trends of provision for bad and doubtful debts in most money deposit banks is a major source of concern not only to management but also to the shareholders who are be coming more ware of the dangers posed by these debts. Bad debts destroy part of the earning assets of banks such as loans and advances which have been described as the main source of earnings and also determine the liquidity and solvency which generates two major problems, that is liquidity and profitability, has to earn sufficient income to meet its operating costs and to have adequate returns on its investment.

Lending has becoming a vital function in banking operations in view of its direct effect on the economic growth and development in the business sectors. Thus, as far as banks are concerned, their activities are lending are as important as their deposit taking, considering the inter-relationships between lending and deposit taking.

Although Lending is risky, commercial banks profit oriented organization having a primary objective as profit maximization cannot do without lending out money. In most cases, they generate the highest proportion of their interest on lending. Moreso, the principal objective of lending of a bank is the provision of growth inprofitability and liquidity within the economy.
Commercial banks play an important role in the pass-through of monetary interest rates. Nevertheless, the efficiency of transmission of decisions of Central Bank is a complicated process and may depend on many factors such as: level of competition in financial industry, perception of credit risk (risk prenina) risk aversion, availability of close substitutes for loans etc. Moreover, banks may influence the external fiancé premium not only via the interest rate but also modifying the available maturity of loans or changing collateral requirements. Finally, as evidence by broad literature on bank lending channel, credit rationing and uncertainty about creditworthiness of borrowers may markedly influence banks risk taking thereby influencing their willingness to lend.

The existence of bank lending channel is conditioned on two important assumptions. First monetary policy decision impact bank liquidity position. Second, changes in the supply of loans affect borrowers because of constrained access to other sources of financing than bank loans. Tightening of monetary policy usually leads to decrease in the demand of deposit because banks adjust their deposit rates only partially to the other sector to equity investment funds. Shrinking bank’s liabilities force banks to decrease the supply of loans accordingly.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Years after years, banks suffer much from the part of full loan extended which has for one reason or the other proved irrecoverable. Banks lose millions of Naira in various bad debts yearly and deposit efforts by bank management committee of chief inspectors and the bankers committee on the other hand, the ware of bad debts in banks is still on alarming proportion. This is gathered from a combination of literature reviews on the topic.
On the other hand, many banks experienced a lot of bad debts when new government abandoned the project awarded to the contractors by the former government. These contractors borrowed to execute the project awarded to them but could not repay the loan, due to government action on revamping the economy. Again, experience may arise in respect of lapses on the part of the bank credit officers. For instance, there may be excesses over approved facility, unformatted facilities and expired facilities not renewed in time in each of these cases, the customer may easily deny even owing the bank all or part of the amount. Deposit banks have always borne the burden alone, but this may not continue in future as the banks may be unable to take the risk of lending more but when eventually they do, they would seek the best way to come out of the risk with realistic reward which they are dearly failing to achieve at present.

CREDIT AND DEBT RECOVERY  IN FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS.

(A CASE STUDY OF U.I.D.C PLC, WARRI DELTA STATE)

Click here to download our android mobile app to your phone  for more materials and others

COMPLETE PROJECT  MATERIAL COST 2500 NAIRA OR $10 , WITH THE SOFTWARE 30,000 NAIRA

. A FRESH TOPIC NOT LISTED ON OUR WEBSITE COST 50,000 NAIRA ( UNDERGRADUATE) OR 100,000 FOR SECOND DEGREE STUDENTS. $500. PLUS  FREE SUPPORT UNTIL YOU FINISH YOUR PROJECT WORK. CONTACT US TODAY, WE MAKE A DIFFERENT. DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.  DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.

Note: our case study can be change to suit your desire location . we are here for your success.

                                   ORDER NOW

Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

Note:  We accept bank transfer, ATM cash transfer , Online payment using your ATM , Western union bank transfer.  We will respond to you anytime of the day. 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS  LESS THAN 24 HOURS

CALL OKEKE CHIDI C ON :  08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE  YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 2 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.   

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE

 

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of Credit and Debt recovery Department in financial institution. It is also meant to assist the investment Company to identify some of its problems with a view to proffer a solution.

 

Chapter two of this project reviewed some of the literatures that have been written about credit, debt recovery and its impact on organization, particularly an investment as all their transaction involves cash and credit facilities.

 

In Chapter three, emphasis is placed on the various techniques adopted by the researcher for data collection as well as describing the population used in the research work. Both primary and secondary data collection methods, such as questionnaire and documentary evidence were applied for the purpose of extracting relevant information from staff of the company. Unlike the above chapter which concentrates on the techniques used for data collection.

 

Chapter four, however, is based on the presentation and analysis of the information collected, i.e. analyzing the various responses from the management staff and beneficiaries of such loan. The Chapter also went further to test the hypothesis with a view to confirming or rejecting the assertion made that credit and debt recovery department plays a vital role towards achieving the objectives of financial institutions.

 

And finally, in Chapter five, efforts have been made to summarize all that was said in the previous chapters. Conclusion, Suggestion, and Recommendation were also made to the Management so as to enable them improve operational capacity related to credit and debt recovery

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

            CHAPTER ONE

1.0       Introduction

1. Historical Background of U.I.D.C  Plc
2. Statement of General Problem
3. Research Questions
4. Research Hypothesis
5. Objectives of the Study
6. Significance of the Study
7. Scope of the Study
8. Limitation of the Study
9. Definition of terms.

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.0     Introduction

2.1     Review of the related literature

CHAPTER THREE

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.0     Introduction

3.1     Instrument used

3.2     Research population and sample size

3.3     Sampling procedures

3.4     Validity and reliability

3.5     Statistical techniques used

CHAPTER FOUR

PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA

4.0     Introduction

4.1     Presentation and analysis of data

4.2     Test of hypothesis

CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.0     Introduction

5.1     Summary

5.2     Conclusion

5.3     Recommendation

            Bibliography

            Appendices

CHAPTER ONE.

 

1.0     INTRODUCTION

A major function of the banking system is the transfer of funds from the surplus units to deficit units of the economy. This is achieved through deposit mobilization and onward lending to customers by ways of loans and advances.

Most investment companies in Nigeria today cannot equivocally declare that they have been untouched by problem of loans certainty; it is a way of life in these tumultuous times of investing that virtually all investors are faced with problem loans.

Whatever form of lending is adopted by investment company in any given situation depends on the purpose of the borrower and the circumstances of the transaction. The important thing to understand is that regardless of the form investment lending takes, a debt is inevitably created between the Investment Company and customers.

The investment company becomes the creditor and customer, the debtor. Review of loan facilities span served stages from the request stage to the repayment and when the facilities get bad.

In this research work, the aim is to outlines the prerequisite for loan, warning signals, management of problem loan as well as debt recovery strategies with the impact of the credit and debt recovery department towards recovering of such debt.

It appears that the review of a debt recovery structures should be related to review of analytical tools of credit facility towards its restructuring, preparing a workable game plan or pay out plan. In this project, the subsequent chapters will look at prevention of problem debts and various strategies for recovering credit facilities.

1.1 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF U.I.D.C PLC

The Universal Investment and Development Company Plc is a Development, Finance / Management Consultancy institution.

The Company was incorporated by the then mid-western state government in 1971 under the name, Nigeria Economic Welfare Services (NEWS) Limited as a purely consultancy outfit. In 1987, the Company was re-organized into its present status as a Development Finance/ Management Consultancy institution, under the name Universal Investment & Development Company Plc. Its scope of activities was similarly enlarged to reflect its enhanced status.

In February 2000, by an agreement between the government of Edo and Delta states, the Company was ceded to Delta State Government, thus becoming a wholly owned Delta State Government Company.

U.I.D.C Plc is an investment development and finance company, undertakes investment activities and participates in the capital and money markets in order to take full advantage of opportunities present by the markets for the enhancement of the company’s wealth creative capabilities.

Its development activities involve mobilizing funds internal and external sources which could be used in providing medium and long term finance in the form of loans and equity for small and medium scale industrial projects and for short- term facilities in Delta State in particular and  Nigeria in general.

This also involves the rendering of consultancy services. As a finance company , it is involved in the provision of short- term finance services.

1.2   STATEMENT OF GENERAL PROBLEM

It is paramount to state as clearly as possible some of the prevailing problem of loan and debt recovery, how it has impeded the smooth operations of financial institutions and thereby hindering the banking sector chances of achieving its objectives.

THE IMPACT OF REGULATION AND SUPERVISION ON THE
ACTIVITIES OF BANKS IN NIGERIA

Click here to download our android mobile app to your phone  for more materials and others

COMPLETE PROJECT  MATERIAL COST 2500 NAIRA OR $10 , WITH THE SOFTWARE 30,000 NAIRA

. A FRESH TOPIC NOT LISTED ON OUR WEBSITE COST 50,000 NAIRA ( UNDERGRADUATE) OR 100,000 FOR SECOND DEGREE STUDENTS. $500. PLUS  FREE SUPPORT UNTIL YOU FINISH YOUR PROJECT WORK. CONTACT US TODAY, WE MAKE A DIFFERENT. DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.  DESIGN AND WRITING IS OUR SKILLED.

Note: our case study can be change to suit your desire location . we are here for your success.

                                   ORDER NOW

Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

Note:  We accept bank transfer, ATM cash transfer , Online payment using your ATM , Western union bank transfer.  We will respond to you anytime of the day. 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS  LESS THAN 24 HOURS

CALL OKEKE CHIDI C ON :  08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE  YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 2 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.   

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE

 

ABSTRACT
The study is an empirical analysis of the impact of regulation and supervision on the activities of
Nigerian banks with emphasis on the role of the Central Bank of Nigeria and The Nigerian
Deposit Insurance Corporation. It evaluates the roles and contributions of CBN and NDIC to the
Nigerian banking sector. Extensive field survey and library research was carried out and data
collected were subjected to thorough analysis.
The analysis shows that the supervisory and regulatory framework of the Central Bank of Nigeria
and the Nigerian Deposit Insurance Corporation are not sufficient to guarantee effective
banking practices in Nigeria.
Other findings from the study include the need to increase the maximum insurance coverage
due to the effect of inflation and the persistent fall in the value of the Naira, the need to disclose
transactions continuously to ensure financial prudence through regular supervision and
monitoring of the financial health of local banks with the aid of the ‘CAMEL’ ratings and other
supervisory framework.
There is need to also increase the awareness of banking activities within the general populace
through a deliberate integration process aimed at demystifying certain inherent perceptions of
the public with respect to distress and the role of the Nigerian deposit Insurance Corporation
(NDIC). Moreover, the public, investors and depositors were not fully aware of the activities of
NDIC and CBN in liquidating and revocation of banks’ licenses due to the ineffectiveness of the
enlightenment programmes used in carrying out the awareness.
The study focuses also on the consolidation agenda of the Central Bank of Nigeria and the
processes, prospect and the challenges of consolidation.
A questionnaire and telephone based research was adopted for the study and the data
collated was tested using the chi-square analysis and supported by fundamental evidence from
the database of the regulatory authorities.
Finally, the study offered suggestions as to how the problems so identified could be ameliorated.

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1.0 Background of the Study 11
1.2.0 Aims and Objectives of the Study 13
1.3.0 Scope and Limitations 14
1.4.0 Significance of the Study 15
1.5.0 Statement of Research Problems 16
1.6.0 Statement of Research Questions 16
1.7.0 Research Hypothesis 18
1.8.0 Definition of terms 20
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.0.0 Introduction 22
2.1.0 Introduction to Banking Supervision & Regulation 23
2.2.0 Development of Banking in Nigeria 30
2.3.0 The objectives for banking Supervision 33
2.4.0 Approaches to Banking Regulation and Supervision 36
7
2.5.0 Banking Supervision and Regulatory Structures 38
2.6.0 Ways and Methods by which Regulatory authorities
Carry out supervisory functions in banks 41
2.7.0 Procedures and areas of banking examination 43
2.8.0 Origin of Bank regulation/Supervision in Nigeria 45
2.9.0 Conditions for effective banking supervision 47
2.10.0 The roles of Regulatory Authorities in Banking 49
2.11.0 The agents of banking Supervision Authorities and
Authorities 54
2.12.0 Challenges of Supervision 91
2.13.0 The Nigerian Deposit Insurance Corporation 114
2.14.0 The Impact of Public Policy on the Banking System in
Nigeria 135
2.15.0 Banking Sector Policies in Nigeria 137
2.16.0 The Performance of Public Sector Banks in Nigeria 140
2.17.0 The Impact of Financial Liberalisation on Banking 152
2.18.0 Recent developments in the organization of banking
Supervision 155
2.19.0 Bank consolidation in Nigeria: Processes and Prospects 162
2.20.0 Supervision of Restructured banks 184
2.21.0 Assessment of Compliance with the Basle Core Principles 186
CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.0.0 Introduction 204
3.1.0 Research Design 204
3.2.0 Sources of data & Instruments of data Collection 207
8
3.3.0 Research Instruments 209
3.4.0 Research Population 211
3.5.0 Determination of Sample size 212
3.6.0 Administration of Questionnaires & Interviews 213
3.7.0 Methods of data Analysis 214
CHAPTER FOUR: DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
4.1.0 Data presentation 216
4.2.0 Data analysis 216
4.3.0 Hypothesis Testing 238
CHAPTER FIVE: DISCUSSION OF RESULTS
5.0.0 Introduction 261
5.1.0 Findings 261
CHAPTER SIX: SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
6.0.0 Summary of Findings 264
6.1.0 Conclusion 264
6.2.0 Recommendations 266
Bibliography 267
Proposed Research Questionnaire 278
9
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
10
1.1.0 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
The banking sector in any economy serves as a catalyst for growth and development. Banks are
able to perform this role through their crucial functions of financial intermediation, provision of
an efficient payments system and facilitating the implementation of monetary policies. It is not
surprising therefore, that governments the world over attempt to evolve an efficient banking
system, not only for the promotion of efficient intermediation, but also for the protection of
depositors, encouragement of efficient, competition, maintenance of public confidence in the
system stability of the system and protection against systemic risk and collapse.
Worldwide, the banking business is highly regulated. This is because of the pivotal position the
financial industry occupies in most economies. An efficient system, it is widely accepted, and is
a sine qua non for efficient functioning of a nation’s economy. Thus, for the industry to be
efficient, it must be regulated and supervised in view of the failure of the market system to
recognize social rationality and the tendency for market participants to take undue risks which
could impair the stability and solvency of their institutions.
Regulation and supervision of banks remain an integral part of the mechanism for ensuring safe
and sound banking practice. At the apex of the regulatory and supervisory framework for the
banking industry is the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN). The Nigerian Deposit Insurance
Corporation (NDIC) however, exercises shared responsibility with the Central Bank of Nigeria for
the supervision of insured banks. Active co-operation exists between these two agencies on
both the focus and modality for regulating and supervising insured banks. This is exemplified in
the coordinated formulation of supervisory strategies and surveillance on the activities of the
insured banks, elimination of supervisory over lap, establishment of a credible data
management and information sharing system.
In the main, bank supervision entails on-site examination of the institutions and off-site analysis of
periodically rendered prudential returns, a process called off-site surveillance. The two activities
11
are mutually reinforcing and are designed to timely identify and diagnose emerging problems in
individual banks with a view to prescribing the most efficient resolution options.
In line with prevailing international standards, these agencies (CBN and NDIC) have continued
to emphasize risk-focused bank supervision in Nigeria. Similarly, they have developed twenty-five
(25) core principles for effective banking supervision as enunciated by the Basle committee on
banking supervision as the pivot of the framework for bank supervision.
It is worthy to note that what is currently happening in Nigeria does not differ widely from what
happened in other nations. Over the years, and specifically since 1952 when the first banking
ordinance was promulgated, several other statutes have also been put in place to serve as
legal backbone for the actions of the monetary authorities in regulating the banking industry.
Presently, the major relevant statutes, include Central Bank of Nigeria Decree No 24 of 1991, the
Banks and other financial Decree No. 25 of 1991, the Company and Allied Matters Decree No 1
of 1990, the Nigeria Deposit Insurance Corporation Decree No 22 of 1988 and lately, the failed
Bank (recovery of debt & Financial malpractices) Decree No 18 of 1994. These enabling laws
and other relevant legislation have largely provided for sufficient and comprehensive
supervisory power and operational autonomy in bank supervision, which may restore public
confidence in banks.
Furthermore, as part of efforts to ensure the stability of the banking industry and in response to
the lingering problem of distress in the sub-sector, the regulatory/supervision authorities have
been applying various failure measures since the late 1990s. Hence depending on the severity
and peculiarity of the distress, NDIC in collaboration with the CBN, has over the years,
successfully adopted such measures as provision of liquidity support through accommodation
bill, imposition of prompt corrective actions, assumption control and management, restructuring
and sale of some distressed banks as well as liquidation of the terminally distressed banks as a
last but unavoidable option.
12
In specific terms, the following measures have so far been adopted.
1) Accommodation facilities were granted to ten (10) banks with serious liquidity crises to
the tune of N2.3 billion in 1989 following the withdrawal of public sector funds from
commercial and merchant banks and the transfer to CBN during that year.
2) Holding actions were imposed on 46 banks to help stabilize their financial conditions in
the mid-90’s.
3) Twenty – four (24) banks were temporarily taken over by the regulators to safeguard
their assets between the years 1989 – 1994.
4) Seven (7) distressed banks were acquired, restructured and sold to new investors in
the late 1990’s.
5) From 1994 to 1999, thirty-six (36) terminally distressed banks were closed with minimal
disruption to the banking system.
6) In 2005, the number of operationally licensed banks in Nigeria numbering 89 (Eighty-
Nine) was streamlined through a process of Mergers and acquisition into 25 (Twenty-
Five) viable banking institutions with a capital base of not less than N25 billion each.
The streamlining of these banks was because of their inability to respond to all the various
regulatory/supervisory initiatives employed to resolve the banks’ problems, and the continued
degeneration in their financial conditions.
1.2.0 AIMS/OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The general aim of this research work is to determine the impact of the regulatory and
supervisory functions of the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) and the Nigerian Deposit Insurance
Corporation on the activities of Nigerian banks.