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AN APPRAISAL OF THE ROLE OF CASH DEPOSIT BANKS IN AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT

AN APPRAISAL OF THE ROLE OF CASH DEPOSIT BANKS IN AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT

(A CASE STUDY OF KEYSTONE BANK KADUNA BRANCH)

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ABSTRACT

The subject of this study is An appraisal of the role of cash deposit banks in Agricultural development the purpose of the study is to review and evaluate the performance of bank PHB particular reference to its function and roles as it relates to the agricultural sector of the Nigerian economy. References were made to preview researchers by various authors, views are thoroughly examined comments are made where necessary. In collection of data various methods were asked such as questionnaire journals, magazine etc the data collection from the agricultural customers of Bank PHB, the management of the bank was analyzed in order to access relation to the problems. This work is designed to solve Agricultural development and training in Nigeria suffered series of neglect since the discovery of oil in Nigeria. Various efforts both by the military and civilian regimes to bring it back to it pre-oil period have not met with adequate result.

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER ONE
1.1 Backgrounds to the study – – – – – – – 1
1.2 Statements of the problems – – – – – – – 2
1.3 Objective of the study – – – – – – – – 3
1.4 Research hypothesis – – – – – – – – 4
1.5 Significant of the study – – – – – – – 4
1.6 Scope of the study – – – – – – – – 5
1.7 Historical background of the case study – – – – – – 6
1,8 Definition of terms – – – – – – – – 7

CHAPTER TWO: Literature review
2.1 Introduction – – – – – – – – – 9
2.2 Brief history of commercial banking in Nigeria – – – – – 10
2.3 Banking decree of 1967 – – – – – – – 11
2.4 Brief history of commercial banking in relation to agricultural development – – – 11
2.5 Brief history of key stone bank – – – – – – – 12
2.6 Problems encountered by commercial bank in relations to agricultural development- – 14
2.7 Roles of commercial banks in agricultural financing in Nigeria – – – – 16
2.8 Analysis of loan and advances to the agricultural sector by key stone bank- – – 17
2.9 Conclusion – – – – – – – – – – 20

CHAPTER THREE
Research methodology
3.1 Introduction – – – – – – – – – 21
3.2 Area if the study – – – – – – – – 22
3.3 Population and sample size – – – – – – – 23
3.4 Sampling techniques – – – – – – – – 24
3.5 Sources and methods if data collection- – – – – – – 24
3.6 Justification for the choice – – – – – – – 26

CHAPTER FOUR
Data presentation and analysis
4.0 Introduction – – – – – – – – – 27
4.1 Data presentation – – – – – – – – 27
4.2 Data presentation and interpretation – – – – – – 28
4.3 Testing of hypothesis – – – – – – – – 34
4.4 summary of findings – – – – – – – – 37

CHAPTER FIVE
Summary Conclusion and Recommendation
5.0 Introduction – – – – – – – – – 38
5.1 Summary – – – – – – – – – 38
5.2 Conclusion – – – – – – – – – 39
5.3 Limitation of the study – – – – – – – – 40
5.4 Limitation of the study – – – – – – – – 42
5.4 Recommendation – – – – – – – – – 53
Bibliography- – – – – – – – – – 45
Appendix – – – – – – – – – 465

 

 

CHAPTER ONE
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
There is no doubt among observers that Nigeria as a country is rich in humans and mineral resources (most of which still remain untapped) having an estimate population of about 140 million people. Prior to the advent of the oil boom in 1973/1974 agriculture was the main source if revenue generation of the country’s economy, for example the famous land groundnut pyramids, cotton processing machines both in the northern part and cocoa in the southern part of Nigeria. Infact history will go down to let us know the basic fact that during this era Nigeria was resident in product and as the main source of internal trade, Nigeria use to export the surplus to other desirous nations of the world, it was through this sources that Nigeria was able to finance the cost of oil extract with the advent of oil the oil sector eventually emerged as nations main foreign exchange earners amounting to over 90% of other country’s foreign exchange and about 89% of the total revenue to the government. Realizing this dangerous phenomena, the government under took intensive campaign in order to enlighten the citizen, the importance of self reliance especially in food production, local musicians chiefs and emirs were not left behind, hence the introduction of festivals at the end of the deserving farmers.

 

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMS
Agricultural development and financing In Nigeria suffered severe neglect since the discovery of oil in Nigeria, various effort by both the military and civilian regime to being it to its pre oil period have not meet with adequate results the problem of agricultural was compounded as a result of farmer lacking adequate and easy access to credit facilities to help in the development and financing of the agricultural sector of the economy.

1. Farmer do not have collateral to accept the loan with which to be granted by the bank, these stand as an obstacle obstructing the ability of the farmer to get the loan from bank.
2. Government have no support to the farmer on the need to produce cash crops production that will help boost this sector of the economy.
3. Most farmers in Nigeria have not really knowledge about modern agriculture that would enable them have much out put from the farms.
4. Farmers find it very difficult to comply with the demand of the bank due to the high rate of interest on the loan granted to them.

 

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EVALUATION OF LIQUIDITY ASSETS MANAGEMENT IN FIRST BANK OF NIGERIA PLC

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ABSTRACT
The language of business is money, and money is the business of financial institutions. No business be it large, medium or small – scale can survive without finance, therefore. Financial institutions should try as much as possible to develop their credit policies, as they are the target sources of finance available to the small – scale enterprises. For many years the importance of small scale industries Vis – a- vis their role in the economic development of Nigeria can never be overemphasized, so their need for long – term finance increase. Inspite of the government’s effort in assisting the development and strength of small-scale industries, the assistance given by the financial institution still remains inadequate. The major problem confronting small scale industries is as a matter of fact constitute the second major sector in the Nigeria economy that bears most of the burnt of the existing gap in the Nigeria financial system. It is worth reiterating that one of the objectives of the federal and state government is to achieve socio – economic development of the goal cannot be achieve without the development of rural areas, the growth of small – scale industries in the rural areas serves as one of the main vehicle of transforming the nations and the subsequent enhancement of the socio economic growth of the state. Indeed, it has been noted that, usually in programmes of social and economic developments in the newly industrializing countries, small industries play a vital role. Small – scale industries assist the government in creation of employment opportunities, this reduces surplus labour. This tends to reduce urban influx of employment labour. This sector has facilitated rapid expansion and diversification in the industrial sector of the Nigeria economy. The sector is diversified in that not only large industries are relied upon but also small business and that the large industries fail. The small ones could be made to produce and render the service required. It is worth nothing that though these small-scale enterprises are small in nature, they have a definite function to place in our economy. For the supply of raw materials and other inputs to the large industries, small and medium enterprises all need to be unturned in the hope that they can grow into large enterprises as new ones rise up to replace them and the old ones continued in the process of economic growth and development. For an objective analysis, interview and questionnaire have been used as research instruments. The interviews were administered to some selected small – scale industrialists. On the analysis it was found out that the role of financial institution to the development of Small – scale industries in Nigeria is inadequate. Consequently, the null hypothesis is accepted. Finally, some useful recommendation as to improving the assistance of financial institutions to small-scale businesses have been advanced.

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page
Declaration
Approval
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Abstract
Table of contents

CHAPTER I
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Background of the Study
1.2 Statement of the Problems
1.3 Objectives of the study
1.4 Research hypothesis/questions
1.5 Significance of the study
1.6 Scope of the study
1.7 Historical Background of Case Study
1.8 Definition of Terms

CHAPTER II
2.0 Literature review
2.1 Organizational structure of the study
2.2 Historical Development of Nigeria Banking Sectors
2.3 Definition and Classification of Small – scale Industries
2.4 The Functions of Commercial Banks in the
Development of Small – Scale Enterprises in Nigeria
2.5 Types of financing for Small – Scale enterprises
both banking and non banking sectors
2.6 Sources of finance for small – scale enterprises
2.7 Problems of financing in small – scale industries
2.8 Capital market

CHAPTER III
3.0 Research Methodology
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Population and sample size
3.3 Sampling techniques
3.4 Sources and methods of data collection
3.5 Methods of data analysis
3.6 Justification for the choice

CHAPTER IV
4.0 Data Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Data Presentation
4.3 Data Analysis and Interpretation
4.4 Testing of Hypothesis/Questions and Interpretation
4.5 Summary of findings

CHAPTER V
5.0 Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation
5.1 Summary
5.2 Conclusion
5.3 Limitations of the Study
5.4 Recommendation
References/Bibliography
Appendix/Appendices

 

 

CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Banks have been accused of taking two much risk in unexpected new environments and lines of business. The advice being given is for the banks to avoid further in exposure by threatening to move tradition that will understand the activities banks, however are being charged by their shareholders to maximize holder’s wealth overtime. To achieve this goal, banks must search out for opportunity in the financial market and loan to manage risk by implementing more systematic system of risk control. At present it appears appropriate to develop specific management control mechanism for each new risk element.

The system being designed by bankers is in contrast one that allows each new form of risk to a new element in an overall analytic area of banks. This approach requires an informational environment that enables risk managers to analyze all of the risk inherent in a given transaction.

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
The aim of this project writing is to bring out the way in which liquidity asset is managed in Nigeria banks. Most especially first bank Yabubu Gowon Way Kaduna is my case study and the kind of services offered by first banks in the management of liquidity.
The banks engaged in the business of providing adequate service, which are:
i. Universal banking services to corporate bodies
ii. Loans and advances to its customer
iii. Leases.
iv. Investment Banking services
v. Financial Advisory services to corporate bodies
vi. Foreign exchange services.

 

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMS
First bank Nigeria Plc is expected like all other banks to provide quick and efficient services to both customers and interested parties. The banks should know the value of time and try as much as possible to serve its customers in the shortest possible time.

This is because, the customers are the business of the bank and that is why they are regarded as assets of the cast and other valuable things deposited to them by its customers. This why each and every paper in the bank is considered as money because it talks about it. One of the functions of banks is to grant loan to customer, so as to assist them to undertake various projects for the development of economic activities in the country. In this aspect both the customers and the bank have the same aim that is to make profit. In other words, to achieve this aims the bank and customers have to perform their duties for the smooth running of the system. In most cases the two side always make things difficult for one another on the part of the honest and firm so as allow the bank form a good reputation and develop good banker – customer relationship.

On the other hand the banking industry is expected under normal circumstances to bring out its activities not only efficiently but also accurately. But this is almost apposite and has led to in looking at the problems of the customers in the banks, it can be seen that the blame is on both sides. Some of these problems are…

 

 

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THE EFFECTS OF CORPORATE TAX ON THE PROFITABILITY OF BUSINESS ORGANIZATION

THE EFFECTS OF CORPORATE TAX ON THE PROFITABILITY OF BUSINESS ORGANIZATION

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THE NATURE AND CONSEQUENCES OF JUVENILE DELINQUENCY IN NIGERIA: A STUDY OF ENUGU NORTH LGA, ENUGU STATE

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ABSTRACT

Lucidly written and properly organized, this term paper/project work “THE EFFECT OF CORPORATE TAX ON THE PROFITABILITY OF BUSINESS ORGANISATION” affords the public, corporate bodies and individual opportunities to view and understand the importance and benefits of the effects of corporate tax on the profitability on business organization.

The first chapter provides relevant introduction that is the origin of corporate taxation in Nigeria.

However, the second chapter provides practical framework x-raying the effect of tax on company’s profitability, tax avoidance and tax evasion and revenue which government generate from tax.

Lastly, chapter three provides the summary, conclusion and recommendations.

The reader must realize that it is through the tax that Federal Government of Nigeria generate revenue to financing its expenditure and provision of infrastructural facilities and services, knowing fully well that reading it in detail will be greatly helpful to readers.

CHAPTER ONE

 

3.0     INTRODUCTION

This topic “effect of corporate tax on the profitability of business organizations” reveals both the positive and negative ways in which tax payment has affected the profit structure of business organizations.

Meanwhile, it will do us good to briefly discuss the origin of corporate taxation in Nigeria.  The universality of taxation account for its description as a popular way of raising revenue by Turner and Hunt (Okoye 1998:7).  In that light, Benjamin Franklin is quoted to have argued that in this world, nothing certain but death and taxes.  In Nigeria in context, income tax was first introduced in Nigeria in 1904 by Lord Luggard who enacted the first income tax statute when he was the high Commissioner for Northern Nigeria.  The colonial government in Nigeria like in all other colonized government in Nigeria introduced various taxes in Nigeria in order to tap the financial resources for their operations from the people.  In that situation, government taxation want an extension of the network of exploitation of the colonized people.

The post colonial states unavoidably inherited and sustained taxation as one of the government sources of revenue.  The first tax on companies was known as the profit tax.  This important step involves the taxation of companies at different rate from individuals and union corporate business was followed during the second world war by the introduction of a system of capital.

The corporate tax as we know was introduction in 1965 in Britain.  The recent development of this tax is attributed to the fact that until well after the second world war, the corporate form of business was practically non-existing in Nigeria.  Being recent it has therefore not received as much as attention from the populace as personal income tax has.

However, with the growth of the economy, the corporate sectors has expanded considerably, bringing more sharply into focus the problem of taxing corporate income, and at exploiting a potentially source of revenue.

Over one thousand (1000) companies were subjected to company’s income tax.  In 1963, compared with only about three hundred and fifty (350) in 1960.  Now, comparing these figures with the great number of corporate now in existence, presently, we have about three thousand companies, which are subject to company’s income tax.  The manner of taxing corporate incomes has become crucial not only from the point of view of revenue but also from the point of view of stimulating rapid industrialization.  This has answered one of the reasons why the government has so much interest in tax as a source of fund/revenue.  The huge sum which the government generates from the corporate tax has made the government to put up several act/decrees in respect of corporate tax.  In Nigeria, the company tax act was enacted in 1979, several amendments were made to the original ordinance in 1961 when separate laws were enacted for the tax of income and profit of both individuals and companies.

 

  • OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY:

The term paper is aimed at identifying the positive and negative ways in which tax payment has affected the profit structure of

THE ECONOMIC EFFECT OF FUEL SCARCITY IN NIGERIA

THE ECONOMIC EFFECT OF FUEL SCARCITY IN NIGERIA

(A CASE STUDY OF ENUGU METROPOLIS)

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THE NATURE AND CONSEQUENCES OF JUVENILE DELINQUENCY IN NIGERIA: A STUDY OF ENUGU NORTH LGA, ENUGU STATE

MAKE YOUR PAYMENT  INTO ANY OF THE FOLLOWING BANKS:
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Account Name: 3059320631

Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

ATM CARD:  YOU CAN ALSO MAKE PAYMENT USING YOUR ATM CARD OR ONLINE TRANSFER. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR BANK SECURITY FOR GUIDE ON HOW TO TRANSFER MONEY TO OTHER BANKS USING YOUR ATM CARD. ATM CARD OR ONLINE BANK TRANSFER IS FASTER FOR QUICK DELIVERY TO YOUR EMAIL . OUR MARKETER WILL RESPOND TO YOU ANY TIME OF THE DAY. WE SUPPORT CBN CASHLESS SOCIETY. 

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ABSTRACT

 

This research is based on the economic effects of fuel scarcity in Nigeria.  The research was carried out to find out the extent to which the entire population in Enugu metropolis has suffered due to fuel scarcity.

The population used for this study is the workers of NNPPC, car owners, businessmen and women and the entire population of Enugu metropolis.

The researcher used primary and secondary data which comprised of interviews and questionnaire to get information.

From the data analysis, the researcher came up with the following findings:

  1. The middlemen contribute to fuel scarcity
  2. Transportation became high because of fuel scarcity
  3. Fuel scarcity has led to rise in price of products in the market.

Based on the findings, the researcher recommends that:

  1. The government should hurry up with the maintenance of the broken down refineries in order to ease the problem of fuel scarcity.
  2. Pipelines that led to the various depots should be checked regularly for any possibility of leakage.

iii.      In order to avoid fuel scarcity, escorts should be assigned to each tanker driver to avoid diverting of fuel to unapproved areas.

  1. they should provide storage facilities so that even if brake down occur, there will still be available fuel to distribute to their various consumers.
  2. If fuel are being supplied to filling station owners, they should be checked to make sure that the fuel are sold to the consumers to avoid hoarding.
  3. There should be a check by government to the seller of fuel to make sure that fuel are been soled to consumer at a government pump price.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

          TABLE OF CONTENT

 

CHAPTER ONE

  • introduction

1.1     An Overview of the study

  • statement of problem
  • Objectives of study
  • Statement of hypotheses
  • Significant of the study
  • Scope of study
  • Limitation of study
  • Definition of terms

References

 

CHAPTER TWO

  • Review of related literature

2.1     History of oil industry in Nigeria (NNPC)

  • Nigerian’s Development and oil industry
  • Contribution of the petroleum industry to Nigerian’s economic development (positive and Negative effect).
  • Function/Role of Nigerian national petroleum corporations (NNPC)
  • NNPC and distribution of fuel in Nigeria
  • Problems of fuel distribution in Nigeria
  • Economic effect of fuel scarcity in Nigeria
  • The role of task-force on the management of fuel scarcity
  • Scarcity of other essential commodities and its effect.

Reference

 

CHAPTER THREE

3.0     Research design and methodology

3.1     Source of data collection

  • Primary source
  • Secondary source

3.2     Area of study

3.3     Population of study

3.4     Sample size determination

3.5     Instrument of data collection

3.6     Distribution of data collection Instrument

3.7     Method of Analyses of data

Reference

 

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0     Data presentation and Analyses

  • Presentation and analyses
  • Data analyses
  • Test of hypotheses
  • Questionnaires

 

CHAPTER FIVE

  • Summary of findings, conclusion and recommendation

5.1     findings’

Conclusion

Recommendation

Reference

Bibliography

Appendix (Questionnaires)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

LIST OF TABLES

 

  1. Number of questionnaires distributed and number of responses received.
  2. Responses received with regards to whether the middlemen have been contributing to fuel scarcity.

CHAPTER ONE

 

  • INTRODUCTION

1.1                         AN OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY

In the past Nigerians solely depended on the exportation of agricultural product for their source of income,.  This continued until the discovery of the presences of the presence of oil in our country, especially in part Harcourt. This made them (Nigerians) to divert form Agriculture to the exportation of oil to other countries, which was actually fetching them much money even till this present time.

There are many subsidiary oil companies scattered all over the country but the biggest among them is in port-Harcourt and it is called the Nigerian National Petroleum Company (NNPC). It is from here that crude oil is extracted from the ground refined to get those components like fuel, kerosene and gas.

There are depots scattered all over the country like shell Port-Harcourt, NNPC Enugu, Eif oil Company, Warri Pipeline are directed towards these oil companies to facilitate distribution.  Tanker drivers and other dealers will load form the depot and distribute to filling stations, then the consumers will buy form the filling stations.

Fuel supply has been moving smoothly in the country before the announcement of the budget by the head of state in January last four year 1999. it was in February 1999 that the whole issue of fuel scarcity started.  This has made it difficult for the government to accomplish that which it proposed to do I the budget.

 

  • STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The word “Scarcity” means when there is insufficiency of something.  Since there is insufficiency of fuel it is termed as fuel scarcity.

In the past, there has not been any services fuel scarcity, everything was moving smoothly, the industrialist both public and privates, does not have any problem.  Economically the price of goods and services, were affordable by the people. Car owners can just go to filing station and buy fuel at a normal price of N22.00 per liter and with much ease.

Things were moving smoothly in the country and in this part f Enugu metropolis until 1994 when we had one case of fuel scarcity not until on up till this movement of this study.

Because of fuel scarcity, people are so desperate to by fuel for their business. For this reasons, whenever any information was passes concerning the presence of fuel in any filling station, car owners will go there and que -up. Some of them will have to sleep in the filling stations a day or more than two days while waiting for their turn.  People or car owners when they cannot buy fuel in any filling station, are forced to buy from the black market at an exhobitant price.  Some people use big gallons to buy fuel that will serve them for some days.

For the reason that there is insufficient fuel in the filling station, makes people sell fuel in ration so that everybody present will buy.  The car owners who think the fuel will not reach tem will start jumping the que, thereby causing fights among themselves.

 

CAPITAL MARKET IN NIGERIAN’S ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

CAPITAL MARKET IN NIGERIAN’S ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

 

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ABSTRACT 

Nigeria has gradually come of age in terms of financial institutions, which make up the system.  This is seen for the wide spread establishment of many financial institutions. Meanwhile, way through which capital market as the complex of institution and mechanize by which intermediate and long term funds are pooled and made available to business, government and individuals and instrument already outstanding are being treated which in turn enhance economic boast are highlighted in this piece of work. The various problem encountered by individuals and firm aid of course the government in actualizing the object of this study are exhaustively treated. 5000 OR $30 FOR COMPLETE MATERIAL BUY NOW

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER ONE

1.0            Introduction

1.1     Background of the study

1.2     Statement of the problem

1.3     Objectives of the study

1.4     Purpose of the study

1.5     Significance of the study

1.6     Scope of the study

1.7     Limitation/Delimitation of the study

1.8     Definition of terms

References

 

CHAPTER TWO

2.0            Literature Review

2.1     The Historical evolution and development of capital marketed

2.2     Scale of listing fees

2.3     Source of data

2.4     Location of data

2.5     Method of investigation

References

 

CHAPTER THREE:

3.0            Summary of findings

3.1     Discussion of findings

3.2     Conclusion

3.3     Recommendation

Bibliography

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

1.0            INTRODUCTION

 

1.1     BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY:

An economic is said to be growing if there is a sustained increase in the actual output of goods and services per head.

Likewise a nation economy is being developed when there is increase in the real per capital income and substantial positive transformations are geared towards the various sector of the economy.  In comparing per capital income of some European nations namely Germany with that of Nigeria though Nigeria being a third world country, it is quite pertinent to note that the rate of development of dear nation Nigeria, is far too slow.  In respect of the above, capital market which is a mechanism of fund provision and allotment is used as an insight to evaluate the economic rate of development of Nigeria.  It is that junction that the researcher deemed it fit to adopt a though – provoking topic as capital market in Nigerian’s Economic Development.

 

1.2            STATEMENT OF PROBLEM:

The research work is designed to know the role of capital market in Nigeria economic development .

 

1.3            OBJECTIVE OF STUDY:

  1. To describe how capital market help economic development through the provision of liquidity for long term investment.
  2. To find out if efforts of the capital market are geared toward the nation’s economic development.
  3. To evaluate the problem of capital in Nigerian’s economic development.
  4. To identify industrial management with some ideas of the current cost of capital.
  5. To find out the requirement of the stock exchange.

 

1.4            PURPOSE OF THE STUDY:

  1. To find out the increasing of capital market.
  2. To find out the difference between capital market in Nigeria economic development.
  3. To find out the problem in Nigeria’s capital market.
  4. To find out the role capital market in economic development.

 

1.5            SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY:

  1. This work is aimed at properly synthesizing the capital market with respect to its modalities execution and then presenting perhaps, in the final analysis the better sides of the policy to the Nigeria economy.
  2. This however will also have to address the side effect and then through this appraisal stand to advice for or against the policy to his policy.
  3. The recommendation of the researchers will be intended to go across this premise to find solution to the capital market problem as regards the practice of Nigeria’s economic development and might even suggest better alternatives.
  4. Provide material through this result that will serve as basis for new ideals.  In the event of their being need for future studies or researches, in this same premises.

1.6            SCOPE OF THE STUDY:

 

 

Complete Material Cost #3000

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