THE EFFECT OF MASS MEDIA ADVERTISEMENT ON CHILDREN

(A CASE STUDY OF INDOMIE AND PAMPERS IN ENUGU STATE)

ABSTRACT

An abstract on The Effect of Mass Media Advertisement on Children (A Case Study of Indomie and Pampers in Enugu State) The study were group under five chapters heading beginning with introduction down to conclusion. The objective of the study was to determine the impact of mass media advertisement on children, the effectiveness of the mass media in promoting indomie and pampers product. The study were of significant to the researcher, the management to indomie and pampers product, the management to mass media and also other forth coming researchers that may wish to carry out similar research topic. Data were collected using research instrument and which analysis using chi-square method. The population of the study was 150 while the sample size were 110. Some of the findings were: Mass media advertisement increase sales volume of the product. It was discovered that children are satisfied with mass media advertising campaign of indomie and pampers as well as the quality of the product. It is also discovered that power failure affect mass media effectiveness. The researcher recommendations are: The management should always make provision for mass media advert. Effective publicity should be enforced on the need for the product (pampers and indomie).

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION                                                      1

• Background of the Study 1
• Statement of the Problem 5
• Objectives of the Study 6
• Research Questions 7
• Hypothesis Formulation 8
• Significance of the Study 9
• Scope of the Study 10
• Definition of Terms 10

CHAPTER TWO

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE                            11

2.1  An Overview of Mass Media Advertising               11

2.2  Objectives of Advertising                                         14

2.3  Contributions and Criticisms of Advertising

to the Society                                                 18

2.4  Forms of Advertising                                        23

2.5  Advertising Budget Decision                              25

2.6  Problems in Advertising Budgeting                     27

2.7  Determination of Advertising Budget                  30

2.8  Measuring Advertising Effectiveness                    36

2.9  The Advertising Agency                                    39

 

CHAPTER THREE

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY                                      41

3.1  Sources of Data                                               41

3.2  Area of Study                                                  41

3.3  Population of the Study                                    42

3.4  Determination of Sample Size                                  42

3.5  Sampling Techniques                                        43

3.6  Research Instrument Used                                44

3.7  Method of Data Collection                                 44

3.8  Method of Data Analysis                                   45

3.9  Expected Result                                               45

 

CHAPTER FOUR

DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS                        41

4.1  Data Presentation and Analysis                          41

4.2  Test of Hypothesis                                           59

4.3  Discussion of Findings                                      62

 

CHAPTER FIVE

DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS, RECOMMENDATIONS

AND CONCLUSION                                                  64

5.1  Summary of Findings                                       64

5.2  Conclusion                                                      65

5.3  Recommendations                                           66

 

Bibliography                                                    67

Appendix                                                        69

 

CHAPTER ONE

 

INTRODUCTION

1.1  BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The history of mass media can be traced back to the days when dramas were performed in various ancient cultures. This was “broadcast” to a wider audience. The first dated printed book known is the “Diamond Sutra”, printed in China and 868AD, although it is clear that books were printed earlier. Movable clay type was invented in 1041 in China. However, due to the slow spread of literary to the masses in China, and the relatively high cost of paper there, the earliest printed mass-medium was probably European popular prints from about 1400.

The mass media are all those media technologies that are intended to reach a large audience by mass communication broadcast media (also known as electronic media) transmit their information electronically and comprise television, radio, film, movies, etc. Although these were produced in huge numbers, very few early examples survive, and even most known to the printed before about 1600 have not survived. The term “mass media” was coined with the creation of print media, which is notable for being the first example of mass media as we use the term today. This form of media started in Europe in the middle Ages. Johannes Gutonberg’s invention of the printing press allowed the mass production of books to sweep the nation. He pointed the first book on a printing press with movable type in 1453.

According to Kotler (2012:416) Advertising is any paid form of non-personal presentation and promotion of ideas, goods, and services by an identified sponsor. Thus, most advertisements are designed to make both personal selling and sales promotion easier by informating, persuading, reminding, reassuring, reinforcing and establishing positive attitude and images towards products and a company.

Advertising is a powerful marketing communication tool used by companies to fulfill the promotional task. It is an impersonal form of communication or presentation of goods, ideas, or services conducted through paid media under open or identified sponsorship. All about advertising is a sponsor sending a message, called advertisement through one or more mass media (Radio, television, newspaper, magazine) to reach large numbers of potential users or buyers of a product.

According to Josephat I.O. (2008:6) Mass media consist of the various means by which information reaches large number of people such as television, radio, movie, newspaper, and the internet. Sociologists study mass media especially to see how it shapes people values, beliefs, perceptions, and behaviour.

Mass media basically refers to a part of media that is specifically designed to reach a large number of audience. This terms was first used in the year 1920 when the nation wide radios and mass circulation of new books become common. Following are the many types of mass media: Television, radio, personal web page, message boards, blogs, pod casts, and video hosting services.

According to Francis L. (2009:201) Mass media is those of communications that reach and influence large numbers of people reach and especially newspaper, popular magazines, radio and television. Nonetheless, mass media is considered as the fourth estate of the society as well. It is the fourth branch of the government. The voice and weapon of the people are the society as whole.

Pampers are choose from natural clean, baby fresh and sensitive for a gentle clean which are made of different sizes for child protection. Presently, several advertising campaign are on the promoting the product quality and awareness creation.

On the other over past 15 years in the Nigerian market Dufil Group has had a remarkable impact on the Nigeria culinary landscape. Their product Indomie Instant Noodles which appeals to several demographical group has grown to become a household name across the country .

The group, which is a joint venture between Tolaram Group of Singapore and Salim Group of Indonesia currently has 3 factories in Nigeria (De United Foods Industries Limited which was commissioned in 1995 in Ota Ogun State, is the first Instant Noodles manufacturing plant followed by Dufil Prima Foods Plc which was commissioned in 2001 is located in Choba, Port Harcourt, River Sate, lastly, the third and most recent State of the Art Automation Factory was commissioned in Kaduna on 29^th of May 2012.

 

1.2  STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMS

Despite the impact of advertising in promoting product awareness and increasing sales volume of pampers and indomie in our society. It is associated with a lot of challenges in terms of problem that the researcher want to address in the course of the study.

Such likely problems include: persistent increase on the product price, problem in relation to mass media effectiveness. The quality of the advert, the cost of advertising a product, paper interference on media houses, poor communication flow, and so many others that needed to be solved in the course of this study.

 

1.3  OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The objectives of the study among others include the following:

1. To determine the impact of advertising in promoting sales volume of indomie and pampers.
2. To examine how effectiveness mass media advertising campaign on children.
3. To identify those problems that may affect mass media advertising campaign on children.
4. To recommend possible solution to such problems identified in the course of the research findings.
5. To examine and evaluate the perception of children on indomie and pampers advertisement.
6. To determine how satisfactory are the product on child health.

1.4  RESEARCH QUESTIONS

1. Whether children are satisfied with mass media advertising campaign on the product (pampers and indomie).
2. Whether children are satisfied with indomie and pampers product?
3. Does the product price discourage most parents from affording the product to their children?
4. Do power failure interfere on the effectiveness of mass media advert?
5. Whether mass media advert increase the sales volume of pampers and indomie in Enugu metropolis?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1.5  HYPOTHESIS FORMULATION

The researcher formulate both null and alternative hypothesis using the above research questions.

1. Ho: Children are not satisfied with indomie and

pampers product.

Hi:   Children are satisfied with indomie and pampers product.

2. Ho: The product price does not discourage most

parents from affording the product to their children.

Hi:   The product price discourage most parents from affording the product to their children.

3. Ho: Power failure does not interfere to mass media

advert effectiveness

Hi:   Power failure interfere to mass media advert effectiveness.

4. Ho: Mass media advert does not increase the sales

volume of the product.

Hi:   Mass media advert increase the sales volume of the product.

1.6  SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The above study on the effect of mass media advertisement on children will be of beneficially to the researcher, other forth coming research, media house management as well as the producer of management as well as the producer of the product indeed, the study will benefit the researcher based on the fact that the topic of discussion was chosen from the researcher discipline and these will go along way improving the knowledge of the researcher.

Moreso, other forth coming researchers will benefit from the study especially those who may wish to carryout similar/related project topic with the above topic, ie. to say, the documentation of the researcher will serve as reference, material and so on.

Furthermore, the research work will be benefit to the producers of pampers and indomies on the basis for advertising and also means for evaluating each mass media component in order to ensure it effectiveness.

In addition, the study will benefit mass media house management on how best to improve their communication effectiveness in reacting to the general publics.

 

1.7  SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The scope of the study on the effect of mass media advertisement on children in terms of indomie and papers product will be based on Enugu state that will further be narrow down to Enugu metropolis for proper analysis.

 

1.8  DEFINITION OF TERMS

Advertising:  Is any paid form of non-personal presentation and promotion of ideas, goods and services by an identified sponsor (Kotler P. 2010:416).

Mass Media:  Mass media consist of the various means by which information reaches large numbers of people, such as television, radio, movies, newspaper and the internet (Josephat, 2008:6).

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THE NATURE AND CONSEQUENCES OF JUVENILE DELINQUENCY IN NIGERIA: A STUDY OF ENUGU NORTH LGA, ENUGU STATE

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THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ADVERTISING ON ORGANIZATIONS PROFIT MAXIMIZATION (A CASE STUDY OF SOME SELECTED HOTELS IN ENUGU URBAN)

ABSTRACT

 

This research work is a survey on the effectiveness of Advertising in the maximization profit, with survey of some selected hotel business in Enugu Urban.

Among the objectives of this study is to find out whether the advertisement on hotel  services and products actually lead to profit increase. This problem I necessary in view of the fact that some people do believe that hotels could go on with their businesses with or without advertising.

Respondents were randomly selected from Enugu metropolis and the data they provided were analyzed with simple percentage and the statistics techniques. The result obtained indicated the effective advertising is a necessary stimulant of profit maximization in hotel business.

It also shows that the awareness level of hotel advertising by the public is low. The study was able to show that television  remains the most fastest medium of hotel advertising, closely followed by Radio.

Finally with some recommendations proffered. The conclusion was also drawn based on the result of the findings.

CHAPTER ONE

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

• Introduction
• Statement of problem
• Objective of the study
• Research questions
• Research hypothesis
• Significance of the study
• Scope of the study

 

CHAPTER TWO

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

• Introduction
• Summary of the review

 

CHAPTER THREE

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY

• Sources of data
• Sample size
• Sample selection techniques
• Limitations of the study of data analysis techniques

 

CHAPTER FOUR

DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS

• Questionnaire distribution and returns
• Analysis of data

CHAPTER FIVE

Summary, discussion, recommendation and conclusion

References

Bibliography

Appendix

 

 

 

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

 

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

• INTRODUCTION

Prior to the era of industrial revolution, the pattern and method of salesmanship was both crude and cumbersome because the gap between the productive and consumption sectors of society was small and manageable. However with the present complication and sophistication among both the producers and consumers occasioned by high level of economic and technological developments, business are now re-shaping, re-focusing, re-positioning and re-directing their operations and marketing strategies in order to face obvious challenges posed but modern day marketing.

Every business concern has a major objectives for which it was established but whatever may be the  goal, the overriding force undoubtedly remains profit maximization.

To accomplish the foretasted, these business make conscious efforts of findings out what their customers want, producing them, creating the needed awareness on the availability of these goods and services and offering them at the right place, time and cost. It is by so doing that such a business can assuredly claim greater percentage of the market share and at the center of these activities is the pivot, the stimulant, the propelled, the sole of business called advertisement.

Advertising as one of the strangest  promotional tool remains a strong force in the hands of business entities. A popular saying has it that, if you do not blow your triumph, no body is going to do that for you, for only when actually know where you are. Advertising does this and more for organizations especially the hotel business. It creates awareness, package the product services etc. present it to the intended consumer and assists him in making the right choice.

The following definitions and opinions by some authorities and schools of thought on the meaning and roles of advertising, will perhaps give more insight into the concepts.

According to Staton W.I, advertising consists of all the activities in presenting

to a group of non-personal oral or visual openly sponsored message regarding a

products services or idea.

Jones (1955:14) sees it this way: in England in the early days of the point to twin the attention of voters.

The American marketing association (AMA) defines it as:

An paid form of non- personal presentation and promotion of ideas and services by an identifies sponsor.

The advertising Age (1932:4) an Ad magazine) has a summary of the views of some professionals in the filed thus: advertising is the printed written spoken or pictured representation of a person, product, services or movement openly sponsored by the advertiser and at his expense for the purpose of influencing sale, use vote or endorsement

Finally, Starch (1966:2) sufficiently defines advertisement as: the paid

form of  mass communication designed to influence people to favour a product in order to induce them to buy it.

From the foregoing definitions and views we can begin to see that advertisings has the following more purpose for business, especially the hotel entities:

1. To create awareness on the availability of a product uses, vote. Person, idea, etc.
2. To educate the target user on the constituents of what is being advertised.
3. To offer other services, such as how to use the product, where to get it, what the cost is etc.
4. To induce sales.
5. Ultimately to increase and maximize profit thereby enhancing the revenue base of the business –hotel

These (above) are only a tip of the iceberg on what advertising is capable doing for hotel business.

 

• STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

Hotel businesses market their goods and services to both internal and external publics in order to real profit for further survival and growth of the variables. Advertising as one of the variable of the marketing communication helps in actualizing not only marketing objectives of the organization

It is however, said to note that some hotels especially in Enugu urban  hardly  utilize  or avoid themselves of the  unique services offered by modern advertising. In some cases, it is hard to identify the location of these hotels what they offer, their modus operandi and the likes to such (these hotels) the minimal revenue accruing to the business is enough. Therefore to  involve advertising is to insure unnecessary cost, they  ignorantly consider advertising a chasmal waste of time and resources. This indeed is a sad commentary.

The unavoidable consequences are:

• These hotels remain perpetually hidden and unknown.
• They end up operating below their capacities.
• Business yields continually decrease over the years.
• Some end up paying the supreme sacrifice of untimely demise.

It is therefore the intention of this study to critically review the likely benefits hotel business will make in terms of profit maximization by availing themselves and using the communication tool of advertising.

 

• OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The prime objective of this study is to find out the effectiveness of advertising in profit maximization of hotel business in Enugu metepolis.

Additionally, the study will also aim at the following th determine the general impact of advertising on consumers.

To determine the  extent of consumer awareness of hotel advertisement.

To identify what consumer patronage of these hotels are as a result of advertising.

To make recommendations in line with our observations.

 

• RESEARCH QUESTION

Does effective advertising lead to increase in profit of hotel business in Fnugu urban

Are customers and the general public aware of hotel advertisement?

To what extent do these adverts influence customer patronage of these hotels?

What medium of advertising is most effective for hotel advertisement?

 

• FORMULATION OF HYPOTHESIS

Ho: the effectiveness of advertising leads to profit maximization of hotel business in Enugu urban.

Hi: The extent of customer and the general public awareness of hotel business is unsatisfactory.

Ho: Advertising influences customers patronage of hotel business.

 

• SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The study will be of importance to advertisers, hotel business and the general public.

It is anticipated that results from this study will help to evaluate and identify better ways of making hotel advertising and business operations more effective.

It will additionally add to the existing  body of knowledge of advertising and other related fields.

 

• SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The study will cover only major hotel in Enugu urban. Hotels outside this zone will not be studied so as to make more realistic investigation

 

 

 

 

• LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

Time and money constant constituted a serious log in the wheel of progress of this study

Literacy level and the culture of secrecy nearly hampered the success of the work pressure of work was also a major source of worry to the researcher.

With all sense of humility, the researcher lacked the requisite expert knowledge on data analysis- the use of high scientific equipments such as the computer which could have aided and speeded up the effective analysis of collected data, such aspects of the investigation were done normally.

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THE CHALLENGES OF NIGERIA FEMALE JOURNALISTS IN PERFORMING THEIR DUTIES

(A CASE STUDY OF FEMALE JOURNALISTS ENUGU STATE)

ABSTRACT

This project studied the challenges of Nigeria female journalists in performing their duties with special reference to Enugu state female journalists. In the course of the study therefore, numerous challenges of the Nigerian female journalists will be narrated among which are radicle, hazards of the profession, martial status, media education, and a lot of others not mentioned but will be contained in this project work. The aim of this project is to find out really the problems of female in media organization and suitable ways of remedy the problems. To achieve this fask, survey research method was used to generate data from the population, FRCN national station, Daily star publishers and the general public within Enugu state. And a sample size of 200 respondents was used. The research found out that most of the media management and the general public don’t use female journalists in the coverge of serious professional programmes and that they are placed in the background to discus romantic relationship and other domestic matters. It was also found out that respondent representing 53.7% of the population supported the fact that female journalists faces a lot of challenges in performing their duties. Finally, it is recommended in this study that women should not be discriminated from certain roles, programmes allocation offices, news editors, manager should design a device so that no exclusion sex is made to produce more or cover events within a particular unit. The issue of under representation of female journalists in local, state and federal should be given urgent attention by the policy makers. These recommendations is useful for future purpose.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION                                               1

• Background of the Study 1
• Statement of the Research Problem 3
• Objectives of the Study 5
• Significance of the Study               6
• Research Questions 6
• Research Hypothesis 7
• Theoretical Framework 8
• Scope of the Study 10
• Limitations of the Study 10
• Definition of Terms 11

 

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW                                       12

2.1  Sources of Literature                                        12

2.2  Review of Relevant Literature                            14

2.3  Summary of Literature                                     20

 

CHAPTER THREE

METHODOLOGY                                               23

3.1  Research Method                                             23

3.2  Research Design                                              24

3.3  Population of Study                                          25

3.4  Research Sample Size                                       26

3.5  Sampling Technique                                               27

3.6  Measuring Instrument                                      28

3.7  Reliability of Validity of Instrument                            29

3.8  Method of Data Collection                                 30

3.9  Method of Data Analysis                                   30

3.10 Expected Results                                             30

 

CHAPTER FOUR

DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULT PRESENTATION     32

4.1  Data Analysis                                                  32

4.2  Research Hypothesis Testing                             49

4.3  Discussion of Findings                                      54

 

CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS    56

5.1  Summary of Findings                                       56

5.2  Conclusion                                                      59

5.3  Recommendations                                           61

Bibliography                                                    65

Appendix                                                        67

 

 

 

LIST OF TABLES

 

Table 1:  Sex distribution                                        34

Table 2:  Age distribution of the respondents                    35

Table 3:  Marital status of the respondents                36

Table 4:  Academic qualification of the respondents    37

Table 5:  Whether women journalists have any

positive impact to play in national building   38

Table 6:  Type of impact in women journalists           39

Table 7:  Whether women perform their function

as supposed                                             40

Table 8:  The hindrances                                                41

Table 9:  Whether hazards of the profession affects

their functions                                          42

Table 10: Effectiveness of these in built bias               43

Table 11: The extent of the hectic nature of

the profession                                          44

Table 12: Whether female journalists face particular

challenges in their work places                    45

Table 13: Media politics and inadequate of managerial

abilities are factors that affect the

development abilities are factors that affect

the development of women                        46

Table 14: High rate of illiteracy has an effect              47

Table 15: Four media gives time and participation

to all workers                                           48

Table 16: Credit the performance of female journalists 49

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1  BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Over the year women have been regarded as inferior and the weaker sex. In 1929, it was clear as to what women could collectively achieve in what used to the colonial Nigeria.

This was evident in the Aba women’s riot of that same year, the anti-colonial struggles saw women protesting against traditional, rules who were not in conformitng to the tradition of the land, and against the existing colonial structures. Sawba Gambo and Mrs. Ransome Kuti were clear case of feminine power that mobilized many others to fight corruption and unwanted desecration of tradition held in awe.

By the time Nigeria gained its independence, the first indigenous regime, recognized the contribution of women as such appointed some into pubic offices. Their entry was not so much by merit but by what their male counterpart regarded as a cometic arrangement. Lack of education hindered many women from equal participation in the media. The very few women who had education then aligned then aligned themselves in conformity with the cultural expectation of he country. Women’s awareness could be said to have increased towards the end of the 1970’s. During this period they were praised for participation in roles and to be un-African, unfeminine and immoral. Provenly the burden of most women deprived them of voting according to Nigerian constitution. Women constitute about half of the world population and work force, they are been excluded from most of the very roles that are geared towards national development in which they ought to participate in.

As earlier pointed out, women are delegated to the background in the modern industrial wage labour. In the media for instance, they are under represented. This under representation has made analysts and scholars to describe it as a male domain in which perforce revolve around them. Others have linked with situation in the media management as quite marginal, tokenistic and practically disappointing in the upper echelon of media management, it is for the same reason that media message are said to be even misrepresentating, the image of women and the issues concerning women are not given adequate coverage.

 

1.2  STATEMENT OF THE RESEARCH PROBLEM

The women in media organization have proved to  effective in educating the masses on many issues of political, economic and social importance in media development and the nation as whole.

However, the role often faces some constrains, and those are problems, which this study is set to investigate.

First, there is still high level of illiteracy and low level of education among a greater proportion of the Nigerian women populace. This militates against the effects of the media and technological education for the populace as well as the teaching of desirable social rawes that will promote national building.

Secondly, there is the problem of the demanding of the profession, which now side bars women journalists from the practice. Again Nigeria has a heterogeneous populace with a diversity of language, culture and social institution. These differences influence the behavioural tendency of most traditionalists, to resist changes fashioned by government programme intended for women and media development. Furthermore, media organization are technology intensive and given the relative level of indigenous technology in Nigeria, there exist prejudice discrimination and all sort of atrocities against women media practitioners by their male counterparts and managers in assignment of newsbeats and other forms of ill relationship which as a result militated against effective mobilization of the women for media and social development.

Finally, there is inadequate skilled manpower in management, engineering, technical operation, programme production and news gathering. All these militates against effective use of the women in media organization to promote and achieve societal development.

 

1.3  OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The objectives of the study are:

1. To determine the extent to which the prudent high level of illiteracy and low level of education in the country affect the effectiveness and development of women in media organization.
2. To determine the extent at which the discrimination, to women militate against professional upliftment of media labour force.
3. To determine the extent to which lack of cordial relationship and prejudice by male colleagues affect the well being.
4. To examine the effect of media ownership and politics on the development of women in media organization.

 

 

1.4  SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study is significant because it would reveal the problems bedeviling most women in media organizations, using Enugu state as a point of reference, it has to be noted that female form the bedrock of any national development, because greater part of the nations population is based in women. It is anticipated that this study would succeed in bringing the limelight, the fact that not all segments of the nations population are exposed to be abilities of female in media organizations. This study also would provide some literature for further and wider researcher in this field of mass communication.

 

1.5  RESEARCH QUESTIONS

The following questions are necessary in the study:

1. Do women journalists face peculiar challenges in their work places as a result of their gender?
2. Do female in media organization have any positive impact to play in the development of the mass media and women in national building?
3. In what ways do the women in media organization, influence Nigeria social-economic, political, etc. towards the development of the country?
4. Do female journalists encounter challenges in their work places as a result of language barrier?
5. Do high level of illiteracy among women in the country affect the role of the female in media organization?
6. Does inadequacy of managerial and technical manpower affect the development of women in media organization?

 

1.6  RESEARCH HYPOTHESES

With the aid of the research question, I can now be able to deduce the following research hypothesis.

H₁:  Women journalists face peculiar challenges in their work places as a result of their gender?

Ho:  Female in media organization have many positive impact to play in the development of mass media and women in national building.

H₂:  Women in media organization, influence Nigeria social- economic, political etc, towards the development of the country.

Ho:  Female journalists encounter challenges in their work places as a result of language barrier.

H₃:  High level of illiteracy among women in the country affects the role of the female in media organization.

Ho:  Inadequacy of managerial and technical manpower affects the development of women in media organization.

 

1.7  THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

1. Hypodemic Needle effect Theory

According to theory which was later nickname magic bullet effect theory mass media is seen as to be ultimately effective in nature and that is why most women faces a lot of challenges in performing their duties well in Nigeria. And again suppose to has the impact of a bullet on human being when struck by the powerful stimuli from the media.

The major view being canvassed here is that the media is a powerful mind controlling agent and that all mass media audience receive and react without fail to the powerful, stimuli they are exposed to. Women faces a lot of challenges such as ridicule, hazards of the profession, lack of moral competence, inadequate education, etc. all those might make them not to perform their duties or throw their effective act in media.

2. Minimally Powerful Media Theory

This theory is a study on perception. Perception here refers to the ways that people perceive media messages targeted at them.

According to Burgeon and Ruffner (1978) is the process of making sense out of experience. In real communication terms perception is discussed within the framework of selective. They are, selective exposure and selective retention, etc.

Selective exposure: This is the idea that people expose themselves or attend to those messages that are consistent with their pre-existing attitudes and beliefs. On the other hand, they avoid those messages that contradict their pre-disposition.

Selective Retention: Naturally, it is impossible for human beings especially women to retain all the messages that they receive.

 

1.8  SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The scope of the study borders on the challenges of Enugu state female journalists in performing their duties.

 

1.9  LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

The researcher encountered two major constraints in the course of the study. First is the scarcity of data, this arose from the fact that limited studies have been carried out on the subject matter. Consequently, there are limited data in following document for the researcher.

I relied much on the information provided by the respondents.

Secondly, there was the problem of limited finance, otherwise, the scope of limited only to Enugu state.

 

1.10 DEFINITIONS OF TERMS (CONCEPTUAL AND OPERATIONAL ON MEDIA LITERACY)

Challenges:  A new or difficult task that tests somebody’s ability and skills.

Female Journalist: A person whose job is to collect and write news stories for newspaper, magazine, radio, or television.

Performing: To do something, such as a piece of work, task or duty.

Duties: Something that you feel you have to do because it is your moral or legal responsibility.

Conceptual: Literacy for all the masses

Operational: Mass media literacy for adequate processing and dissemination of information.

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AN APPRAISAL OF NIGERIA MEDIA AS INSTRUMENT OF ERADIATING CORRUPTION IN NIGERIA

(CASE STUDY OF NTA EFFECT ON OBASANJO’S ANTI- CORRUPTION CRUSADE)

ABSTRACT

 

This research work has investigated the media as an instrument in eradicating corruption. Using Obasanjo’s anti-corruption crusade (a case study of  the Nigeria television authority)

The objectives of this work among other thing was to find out the problems that follow corruption and also to find out solution to the problems based upon which hypothesis were formulated.

The research work was carried out by using primary and secondary data like interview method, questionnaire personal observation and the review of related literature.

The literature reviewed include the journals, magazines, textbook periodical news papers lecturers, seminars. Response from the respondents show that the major problem in Nigeria is corruption like illegal ward of contracts, lobbying syndrome, indiscipline like brown envelope, godfathers, unpatriotic pracfraudster bad name and bloody  practices etc. which promoted president Obascanjo to launch crusade against corruption after the military regime brining them to book for offence and punishment due for any offence committed without fear on favour of  personality whereby he used Nigeria television authority for quick enhancement.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

• Background of the study
• Statement of problem
• Objective of the study
• Significant of the study
• Research questions
• Research hypothesis
• Definition of terms
• Assumption
• Limitation of the study

 

CHAPTER TWO

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

• Sources of literature review
• How have
• What has the media done about review
• Summary of literature review
• Theoretical framework

 

CHAPTER THREE

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

• Research method
• Research design
• Measuring instrument
• Data collection
• Data analysis
• Expected result

CHAPTER FOUR

4.1     Data analysis

• Summary of results/ findings
• Discussion

 

CHAPTER FIVE

• Summary
• Recommendation for further study
• Suggestion for further research

Reference

Appendix

Questionnaires

CHAPTER ONE

 

INTRODUCTION

• BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

It is necessary to glorify the minds that made ventures to the establishment of media. Media as a watch dog and the mirror of the nation perform crucial roles in the society media educate entertain analyses interpret ,motivate, create avenue, to failure and to success. Media as well monitor evaluate and correct al wrong activities concerning human existence. It executive and recommends, encodes and decodes and ensure feedback etc.

Media is metaphoric when we termed it to be a watchdog of eh nation and as well the mirror through which the  nation see and recognize itself. it is the importance of the media that place it to that position in that somebody cannot just get up and started printing or criticizing a nation  or society without having in mind any channel of dissemination of his information whether good or bad informational concern sense to the  target audience . It is therefore at this junction that journalist uses media aid to bring the nation what their society is like and how their government is  like and how good or bad the  personalities involved are like, then it is through this means that they will know what the are and how their activities moves whether it encourages the audience or discourage them.

It was through this mirror media the news that exposed the forgery certificate of Alhaja Salisis Buhari which he did at the University of Toronto Canada . the made president Obasanjo after taken over the government to launch crusade that will redress what he saw in the mirror . this made Alhaja Salisu Buhari to be brought down from his position of speaker of house representative

The media educate the ignorant it teaches them from known to unknown without it was when media publishes or air what people know that they will analyze was through media that people get to know what brought about the removal of Evans Ewerem from the position of senate president because of his falsification of age. The Nigerian media therefore exposes them, he evil operator of  their evil deed and drag them down from the success to failure through mentoring of their movement and activities and  evaluating and correcting their wrongs by disseminating it on air and preparing the audience to feedback recommending to the government the punishment that the deserve for the issue of awareness to be accomplished.

Furthermore, in Nigeria society, the role of broadcasters and the broadcast media, as agents of rural and motional development,, especially at the information dissemination, watchdog level, is now generally recognized and accepted by experts and policy maker alike. Also, a critical appraisal of the socio-economic development of he people of he world indicates that the sits a spectrum of levels of development of he people of the among he nation stake and that within a given country there also  exist a spectrum of levels affluence poverty

Importantly he development spectrum of the nations is demonstrably corrected with the amount of natural resources, indigenous technology and political stability whereas the affluence or poverty of  individual within a nation, may be  corrected with family background, ethnic origin, educational statement etc. depending on the character of the nation in question. Nigeria as a typical developing country to day has a citizenry with a multiplicity of ethnic groups, language, dialects, rural patterns, religious beliefs, and traditional institutes that lend to defy the best of intonations internal integration and development. usually only a small percentage of the people are literate in nay language, indigenous or foreign.

Meanwhile, the national government the enlightened segments of the society are aware of the need for wide spread education for both children and adults in order to achieve prescribed goals in economic growth, health care, political and special awareness, political stability, self reliance and nation identify, among other things for national development.

From the above points, broadcaster media is a powerful and effective instrument for achieving these national goals, it has been recognized all over the world and in Nigeria in particular as the role of  broadcast media. In national development according to ADSDI, Uyo in the book the mass media and social change, he identified the functions performed by the  media of mass communication especially broadcast media as , information, education, entertainment, persuasion which he referred to fondly as the media pile- an acronym derived from the four basic function,

Therefore this study is an attempt to discover how media as an instrument for eradicating corruption of Obasanjo’s anti—corruption crusade. A  case study of NTA.

Since assuming office in May, 1999 president Olusegun Obasanjo has never hidden his intention to fight corruption which has permitted the social fabric of Nigeria from the top to bottom.

In order to raise that goal, he set up the independent corrupt practices and other related offences commission, otherwise known as the  ICPC, handed by justice Mustapha Akanbi, a retired judge of the court of appeal. But since then, the commission has remained a came dulk and toothless building until recently. In what observes sees a departure from the past and  a renew vigor in the anti-graft campaign the ICPC in early December imitated the arrest of prominent politicians and former government officials. In one fell SWOAP a serving of corrupt was fired over allegations of corrupt practices. not only was former minister of labour and productively, Alhaji Hassani Akwanga sacked he was  later arrested by security agencies for involvement in a $214m scan in the Jinx national identity card schema being handled by the minister of internal affairs. He was permanent secretary of that ministry before retiring and being appointed a minister.

The ICPC is currently prosecuting about sixty-two persons for various offense, these include politicians, judges, academic and members of the commission is said to have received over 942 petitions since inception out of which about 400 are still being investigated,. Firstly ,in view of this study.

 

• STATEMENT OF THE RESEARCH PROBLEM

The problem of study is the effect of the media and instrument for eradicating corruption. A case  study of Nigeria television authority inform of Obasanjo anti-corruption crusade. Opinion of the researcher to see if there is any significant effect on media being a powerful instrument to Obsanjo’s  crusade against  corruption. Truly, the has been series of struggle to attain this objective’s

Similarly, the legal philosophers and various notions of the nature, meaning and scope of corruption. Today the struggle to bring to the public the notification of their freedom from corruption by the media had been  respected attempt done by the media for its is the obligation of he media to carry out government opinions, translate it and analyze it to layman’s understanding.

Today, it is a mater of a national and internal affairs or concern in that that the rule of law has no meaning as some government as some government in African countries are dictatorial in nature and operate above the law, thereby something or action that above he law of its laud is a problem and that is the statement of problem of corruption and Obsanjo crusade against instrument to enforce awareness and motivates actions which was achieve a last.

For instance late Abacha chose Bariabas Jabilla (Nick names Roger) as his killer squad leader who carryout a lot of assassination for him therefore instead of investing money on development be rather used the money to send segment Rogers to North Kores to learn self defense and assassination and as well was given asset to presidential jet and many carts of which was announced that Tell magazine describe his appearance as lefty bearded Rogers who always poses a deceptive look with his athletic physique and cherubic face who usually decked in a special black Arab captain when on a mission to kill, al enemy of evil like assassination of Kurdurat Abiloa late and other simply because of the interview grange to her by the British broadcasting separation where she exposed late Abacha she was killed because she vowed to fight Abachs’s corruption to the last. She was killed  her husband Abiloa late won a free and fair election which was announced on June 12.

Problem are imminent in very aspect of human edeavour. As scholars researcher student are know that the Nigeria nation as Bedeviled with so much corruption which has hitherto been a constraint to national development. A category of corruption in synomious with Militaries, politicians, some are caused by employer government agencies, the common men, leader of thought the youths, the aged ad these are the component that make up the federation. A sample of corruption which this work tends to address is crime, drug abuse, juvenile delinquency, cultism, bribery and disobediences.

Therefore, in a situation like this, as the powerful instrument for r\eradicating corruption is at work but suffers in that there is no freedom of media activates yet that does not stop the media from motivation and action, through some personnel lost their lives in the process a good example is late Giwa founder of Newswatch, who was assassinated.

 

• OBJECTIVES FO THE STUDY

The researcher intends at the end of this work to provide a lading solution of the problem of corruption in Nigeria. It also intends to asses the Obasanjo anti-corruption crusade to tell the public how far it has gone in trying to eradicating corruption in the society it also tends to form a frame work or basis for further research as far as corruption in concerned in Nigeria.

• SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The  research work will go a long way toward using the media to address the issue of corruption practices in Nigeria.

We must not fail to welcome the constitution democracy, be it as benevolent ad it may be a military regime still, falls short of the mark. It is a government that owes its origin and authority to sheer force and not to the people. we would  like to have a government that will owe its origin and authority to the people and as well as give its accountability to the people and have an air of change in mind when he did not account to his people fine otherwise was promised by president Olusegun Obasanjo on the day of the launching on 9^th September, 1999 at Bayalsa state in  yewe gua, he promised to be cooperation with the staff and to work towards the upliftement of he standard of living of the  people manifestoes. With that will be reduced and media will perform its roles effectively without hindrances

 

 

 

 

• RESEARCH QUESTIONS

1. Do media aid anti-corruption crusade
2. To extent does anti-corruption crusade help to sustain Nigeria democratic growth?
3. To what extent ahs the ant-corruption crusade helped in eradicating corruption
4. To what extent had NTA gone about the anti- corruption crusade?

 

• RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS

Hi: The media aid anti-corruption crusade

Ho: The media do not aid anti-corruption crusade

H2: Anti-corruption crusade help to a great extent in sustaining democracy in Nigeria

Ho: Anti-corruption crusade  does not  in any way help to a great extent in sustaining democracy in Nigeria

H3: Corruption poses serious problem to democratic growth in Nigeria.

Ho: Corruption does not poses serious problem to democratic growth in Nigeria.

H4: The anti-corruption crusade has to a great extent helped in ridding Nigeria of corrupt leaders

Ho: The anti-corruption crusade has not in anyway  helped in ridding Nigeria of corrupt leaders

H5: NTA has been an affective instrument in the anti corruption crusade

Ho: NTA has not  been an affective instrument in the anti corruption crusade

 

• CONCEPTUAL AND OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF TERMS

In order to made far adequate clarity of purpose and presentation, such words will be defined in this section in accordance with the usage That will be made of them. In dong so the author hope to present an ideal aid towards the effective understanding of the day set up. Such worlds explained include

Appraisal

Appraisal is the act of appraising valuation, especially official valuation

 

Eradication

Is the process of pulling up by the root or destroy thoroughly media

Media is usually with sign, mass communication examples are television, radio. Media is a medium of exchange of idea is it a channel by which messages or information and decoded to the final audience.

Corruption

Corruption as has been reviewed by oxford advanced learns dictionary of current English as an immoral actions depraved ailment dishonest through offering and accepting bribes impure through bloody practices debased by errors or alternation falsifying of age, embezzlement of or illegal passion of equitation of wealth

 

• ASSUMPTION

In following the investigation, the researcher made the following assumption NTA Enugu is very active in championing anti- corruption crusade of government to its staff.

NTA carries programme aimd to create awareness to the public on the need for sanity in public office among political office holder.

This study will serve as platform for future researcher in this area

 

• LIMITATION OF STUDY

In the course of this writing a lot of problems were encountered as in adequate material. Easy assess to materials for this work becomes difficult even in the school library, the ones been could not bring the demand of he study in the course of this, I had to travel far in obtaining materials that make this writing a reality.

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THE APPLICATION OF PUBLIC RELATION IN INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY, ENUGU MANAGEMENT OF THE WITHDRAWAL OF COURSE ACCREDITATION BY NATIONAL BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION IN 2011

ABSTRACT

       The aim of this project research work was to know the application of public relations in Institute of Management and Technology, Enugu: A Case study of Enugu Management of the Withdrawal of Course Accreditations by National Board of Technical Education in 2011. The public relation activity of IMT has led to industrial harmony, this is evidenced by the fact that the last admission is moderate. It is also led to impact position on students patronage of the institution. The review of related literatures was done to expose the researcher to what has already been done such as secondary sources of information and also primary source of data. The methods employed in the collection of data are population of the study, sample size, measuring instrument, methods of data collection and methods of data analysis. This was achieved through the aid of research questionnaire. From this, the researcher find out that public relation is potent tool for marketing of goods and services, IMT must embrace its satisfaction of its numerous publics.

CHAPTER ONE: 

    INTRODUCTION                        1

1.1  Background of the Study                                         1

1.2  Statement of the Problem                                 3

1.3  Objective of the Study                                      4

1.4  Significance of the Study                                         5

1.5  Research Questions                                          6

1.6  Research Hypothesis                                        7

1.7  Theoretical Framework                                     8

1.8  Scope of the Study                                          10

1.9  Limitation of the Study                                     10

1.10 Definition of Terms                                          12

References                                                      14

CHAPTER TWO:    LITERATURE REVIEW               14

2.1  Source of Literature                                                15

2.2  Review of Relevant Literature                                   15

2.3  Summary of Literature Review                           31

       References                                                      32

 

CHAPTER THREE: DESIGN OF THE STUDY             33

3.1  Research Method                                             33

3.2  Research Design                                              33

3.3  Area of the Study                                            34

3.4  Population of the Study                                    34

3.5  Determination of Sample Size                                  36

3.6  Instrument for Data Collection                           36

3.7  Method of Data Collection                                 37

3.8  Method of Data Analysis                                   37

 

CHAPTER FOUR:   PRESENTATION AND

ANALYSIS OF DATA

4.1  Presentation and Analysis of Data                       38

4.2  Test of Hypothesis                                           53

CHAPTER FIVE:    SUMMARY, RECOMMENDATIONS

AND CONCLUSIONS                  60

5.1  Summary of Findings                                       60

5.2  Conclusion                                                      61

5.3  Recommendations                                           62

 

Bibliography                                                    64

Appendix                                                        66

CHAPTER ONE

 

INTRODUCTION

1.1  BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Public relations has become a potent marketing tool in modern business management in recent times. Its influence is being felt on both big and small firms with the influence of even greater expansion. It is important for management organization including tertiary institutions to understand its potential and limitations.

Nwokoye (1984:212) defined public relations as the activities of co – operations, union, government or other organizations in building and marketing sound and productive relations with special public such as customers, relations employees or stock holders and with public at large so as to adopt itself to its environment and interpret itself to the society.

Bush and Houston (1995:200) noted that public relations is management functions which evaluate public attitude, identifies policies and procedures of an individuals or an organisations with the public interest and execute a programme of action to earn public understanding and acceptance.

Chukwu (2000:3 – 4) stated that public relations practice is a management philosophy aimed at doing everything possible to create good relationship between one organization and its publics. Public Relations is aimed at making friends for the organization and building internal and external good will on the reasonable assumption that these are strongly needed for an organization to remain in business and make profit with the increase in the activities of an organization. The need for an adequate communication between the organization and those who in one way or the other are affected by these activities of the organization becomes more imperative. An organization while wanting to remain liable, need to have good relations with its employees, consumers of its products and services, future investors, stock – holders and infact that is the general public.

 

1.2  STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Over the years, there is evidence that institute of management and technology (IMT) Enugu, have been experiencing the ugly situations. It was degenerated to the extent that students, especially class representatives were selling admission to candidates, while admissions were also influenced by members of house of assembly, government functionaries and party stalwarts. This led to over bloating of students enrollment, without corresponding increase in facilities at the institute. This resulted in gross inadequate infrastructures, under finding, poor facilities. To this end, hostel facilities which become grossly inadequate was a great problems to the institute as most students have live off campus, while various forms of social vices including cultism, examination malpractices, violence, indecent dressing and prostitution becomes the order of the campus.

How will the institute not face these challenges when the students are no longer living on campus, when admission are cash and carry, or when majority of the students stay on the corridors to receive lecturers for lack of shortage of classrooms.

To ensure that this ugly situation come to an end, Iloeje led management took off on a clean slate, a panel of inquiry was raised by the government to take a critical look at the immediate and remote causes of rot at the institute of management and technology (IMT) Enugu with a view to restoring the institution to its past glory which every Igbo man and woman will be proud of.

1.3  OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The objectives or aims of this research work are as following:

1. To identify the problems which leads to course withdrawal accreditation in institute of management and Technology.
2. To know how public relations help in improving communication between people and the organization.
3. To recommend solution to problems on public relations identified.
4. 6. To determined the impact of public relations on consumers (students) patronage
5. To appraise the public relations activities of IMT Enugu
   

1.4  SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The most outstanding hope of this study is that, its finding will be of immense benefit to students, lecturers and staff of management of tertiary institutions. These will help to minimize conflicts in these institutions.

The study also gives an insight into the problem and practice of public relations in Nigeria Institutions of higher learning. This study by its objectives will not only assess the effectiveness of classified public relations, but all its application and uses generally. Therefore, when successfully carried out and documented, this study will serve as a source of relevant information to many institutions and organizations on ways of using public relations.  public relations practitioners have been deprived of excellent performance in the operations because of scanty and insufficient data and adequate literature availability in this area. This successfully completed and adequately supervised will be an addition to the essentials literature needed in public relations. Practitioners and consultants will therefore use it extensively.

 

1.5  REEARCH QUESTIONS

1. How public relations help in improving communication between people and the organization?
2. What are the effectiveness of public relations activities towards course withdrawal accreditation in institute of management and Technology?
3. Is there any solution to problems on public relations identified?
4. What are the impacts of public relations towards course withdrawal accreditation in institute of management and Technology?
5. What are the implication of course withdrawal accreditation in institute of management and Technology?

 

1.6  RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS

Ho: Public relations has effective activities towards course withdrawal accreditation in institute of management and Technology

H₁:  Public relations has no effective activities towards course withdrawal accreditation in institute of management and Technology Ho:     public relations has impacts towards course withdrawal accreditation in institute of management and Technology

H₂:  public relations has no impacts towards course withdrawal accreditation in institute of management and Technology

Ho:  There is solution to problems on public relations identified.

H₃:  There is no solution to problems on public relations identified

Ho.  There is implication of course withdrawal accreditation in institute of management and Technology.

H₄: There is implication of course withdrawal accreditation in institute of management and Technology.

 

1.7  THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

The basic premise of the agenda setting theory examines how public relations activities reports on particular issue and influences or shapes public awareness and debate  (Farnklin et al 2005). Editors act as gatekeeper of mass mediated message. The promote a public relations by prioritizing certain issues. They can provide sustained and prominent coverage and reports an issue while other are marginalized or ignored.

Earlier propositions about the agenda setting theory suggested that while public relation do not tell us what to think or what they intended to do, they may tell us what to think about. This suggests that public relations has the potential to draw peoples attention to certain issues, and allows for conclusions already raised in the public agenda, Griffin (2011) notes that the agenda setting theory reaffirms the powers of the press, while still maintaining the individuals freedom to choose. The theory assures that individuals members of society reflect on such issues already raised, and then make personal submission based on their subjective reasoning.

Based on the agenda setting theory, we sought to examine the Nigerian NBTE’S contribution to achieving the public relations activities. We also examine whether the press has been able to raise public relations-related issues to the public agenda.

1.8  SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The study covers public relations activities in institute of management and technology (IMT) Enugu. It is equally covers an overviews of public relations in service industries. The role of public relations activities in improving the image of service industries especially tertiary institutions.

The researcher’s emphasis was placed on institute of management and technology because it is used as a reference point to collect adequate information for the research problem.

 

1.9  LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

A lot of circumstances dismounted the extent of this research work. This circumstances based on lack of time, inadequate fund, and inability to get relevant materials in time.

1. Lack of Time: One of the major limitations of this project is lack of time. The researcher had limited time to carryout the research had limited time to carryout the research work due to the fact that the researcher has been engaged in many activity or other basically academic.
2. Inadequate Fund: Research work involves a lot of capital out lay. Most people who are interested in research work cannot afford to finance the project work. The government and the business sectors of the economic do not provide enough funds to support research.
3. Inability to get relevant materials: Most of the data required by the researcher were not readily available and current. Some vital information were regarded as classified data and are hardly made available for the use of researcher.

1.10       DEFINITION OF TERMS

The researcher use both conceptual and operational definitions in define the terms.

Conceptual Definition:

Accreditation: This is official approval given by an organization stating that something or somebody has achieved a required standard.

Withdrawal: This is the act of moving or taking something away or back. It is also the act of no longer taking part or being a member of an organization.

Management: This is the act of running and controlling an organization or institutions.

Institution: This is a large important organization that has a particular purpose such as university, polytechnics, etc.

 

OPERATIONAL DEFINITION

Public Relations: This is the act of examine, enquiry, or investigate the activities of the on organization, institutions, or business co-operatives to know if their activities influence the people’s life or not.

Withdrawal Accreditation: This is the act of stopping an organization or institution from being functioning for the main time due to mismanagement of the institution or organization.

Registration: This is the act of bring back the past glory of an organization or institution which have being not functioning to function properly.

REFERENCES

Nwokoye, N.G. (1984), Modern Marketing for Nigerian, London, Macmillan Publishers Ltd, .212.

Chukwu, I. (2000), Public Relation; its Role in Marketing, Enugu: Meltin Publishers, p:3-4.

Bush and Houston (1995); Public Relations, Role and Evaluation; New York, Macolle Publisher, p. 200.

Lawrence, N. (2011), How IMT Enugu Regained Full Accreditation, Guardian Newspaper, Wednesday, Nov 28^th.

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THE NATURE AND CONSEQUENCES OF JUVENILE DELINQUENCY IN NIGERIA: A STUDY OF ENUGU NORTH LGA, ENUGU STATE

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Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

ATM CARD:  YOU CAN ALSO MAKE PAYMENT USING YOUR ATM CARD OR ONLINE TRANSFER. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR BANK SECURITY FOR GUIDE ON HOW TO TRANSFER MONEY TO OTHER BANKS USING YOUR ATM CARD. ATM CARD OR ONLINE BANK TRANSFER IS FASTER FOR QUICK DELIVERY TO YOUR EMAIL . OUR MARKETER WILL RESPOND TO YOU ANY TIME OF THE DAY. WE SUPPORT CBN CASHLESS SOCIETY. 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS  LESS THAN 24 HOURS

CALL OUR  CUSTOMERS CARE  OKEKE CHIDI C ON :  08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE  YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 2 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.   

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE