Impact of Television Advertising on Etisalat Market Audience (A Study Of Owerri Metropolis, Imo State) January – June 2013

ABSTRACT

The major thrust of this work is to arise the impact of television advertising on Etisalat market audience; a study of Owerri metropolis, Imo state (January – June 2013). This work is divided into five chapters, using the survey method a quantitative tool of data analysis. This work is aimed at solving the problem of how to communicate with different demography of audiences of the Etisalat company and the appropriate media to use. This work also helps Etisalat mobile company to know the need of their customer and how to satisfy them, this research work helps Etisalat company to know if the people of Owerri are exposed to their T.V commercials or not. Many literary works and concepts were reviews. The questionnaire approach was also employed to ensure that varying and various shades of opinion about the subject of the research were obtained. Three hypothetical questions were formulated but only one was tested using the chi-square technique at 0.05% probability level for appropriate inferences. This therefore is a research work that breaks down the effect of television advertisement on Etisalat market audience with particular reference on the Owerri metropolis, Imo state.

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1       Background of the Study

Advertising has grown increasingly popular as an object of enquiry, a field of professional practice and an index of modern business. Advertising therefore is the dissemination of sales message through purchases time and space, Fletcher (1979). It is also a form of communication through media about products, services or ideas, paid for by an identified sponsor, Ozor (1998:p.1).

Advertising is an exciting, dynamic and challenging enterprise. Its often persuasive, fascinating and its materialistic nature makes it an object of criticism and misunderstanding, Benson-Eluwa (2004,p.3). It is the non-personal communication of information usually paid for and usually persuasive in nature about products, services or ideas by an identified sponsor through the various media, Bovee and Aron (1986).

Advertising however, performs functions such as marketing communication, education and socialization. It is now a tradition that every business organization communicates with its diverse audience which include; government, consumers, shareholders, distributors, employees, suppliers, and the general public about their new products and policies. Consumer behaviour on the other hand is as varies as consumers themselves. There is no direct link between the act of placing an advertisement in the media and the behaviour of consumer purchasing the product in the sense in which there is a direct link between the consumer purchasing the product and the product leaving the factory. Consumer’s reaction to an advertisement for a product can be varies ranging from a desire to purchase the product to absolute apathy. However, placing advertising in the media is a form of communication which is capable of buying about a kind of action at a distance in an action which will have a profound effect on the eventual sale of the product.

Advertising generally works on the audio-visual senses of consumers and thereby set up in their minds a chain of reactions capable of influencing their buying decisions, Nworah (2004:p.2) the ease with which advertisements succeed in the process of influencing consumer behaviour will depend highly on the credibility of the message. In the light of the foregoing, this research is set out to examine the impact of television advertising of Etisalat on its consumers. Emerging Markets Telecommunication Services (EMTS), trading as Etisalat is a Nigerian Company duly incorporated under the laws of Nigeria in partnership with Mubadala Development Company and Etisalat of the limited Arab Emirates.

Incorporated in Nigeria as a private company, it acquires the limited Access license from the federal government in January 2007. The license includes a mobile license and spectrum in the GSM 1800 and 900MHz bands. Etisalat acquires a 40% stake in EMTS and is now the operator of the unified Access license. Etisalat has been the telecommunications services provider in the United Arab Emirates since 1976 and has footprint in 18 countries traversing the middle East, Asia and Africa. In its many years of operations. It has built up state-of-the-art telecom infrastructure and taken a leadership position of innovation, and quality service delivery among regional and international operators.

In Nigeria, Etisalat made the first official call on its network on the 13^th of March 2008 in the presence of officials from the Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC) and the senate of the Federal Republic of Nigeria. In September of same year, it kicked off commercial operations with the innovative 0809 you chose campaign which enables Nigerians choose numbers special to them as their mobile numbers. Full commercial operations began in October 2008. In the same year in a bid to make the product (Etisalat) popular in Nigeria they used the face of a very popular Nigerian musician called Banky W so as to boost the sales and recognision of the product. The advert was placed in leading television stations nationwide thereby reaching a large audience. This made Etisalat to be more popular because they used the face of a celebrity the whole nation like.

Television advertising is the most powerful form of advertising because it is welcomed into the home by potential customers and it includes the following elements sight, sound, motion and emotion and its kind of affordable. Television programming produces and paid for by an organization which conveys a message typically to market a product or service. Advertising revenue provides a significant portion of the funding for most privately owned television network. The vast majority of television advertisings today consist of brief advertising spots, ranging in length from a few sounds to several minutes. Television advertisement have been used to promote a wide variety of goods, services and ideas. Some of the things involves in television advertisements creating a television advertisement that meets broadcast of standards, and placing the advertisement on television via a targeted air time media buy that reaches the desired customer. To accomplish these tasks it is important to choose a television production company and advertising agency with pertinent expertise in these two areas and it is preferable to choose an agency that both produces advertisements and places air time, because expertise in broadcast quality production and broadcast standard is vial to gaining the advertisement’s acceptance by the networks.

 

 

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THE NATURE AND CONSEQUENCES OF JUVENILE DELINQUENCY IN NIGERIA: A STUDY OF ENUGU NORTH LGA, ENUGU STATE

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AN APPRAISAL OF NIGERIA MEDIA AS INSTRUMENT OF ERADIATING CORRUPTION IN NIGERIA

(CASE STUDY OF NTA EFFECT ON OBASANJO’S ANTI- CORRUPTION CRUSADE)

 

ABSTRACT

 

This research work has investigated the media as an instrument in eradicating corruption. Using Obasanjo’s anti-corruption crusade (a case study of  the Nigeria television authority)

The objectives of this work among other thing was to find out the problems that follow corruption and also to find out solution to the problems based upon which hypothesis were formulated.

The research work was carried out by using primary and secondary data like interview method, questionnaire personal observation and the review of related literature.

The literature reviewed include the journals, magazines, textbook periodical news papers lecturers, seminars. Response from the respondents show that the major problem in Nigeria is corruption like illegal ward of contracts, lobbying syndrome, indiscipline like brown envelope, godfathers, unpatriotic pracfraudster bad name and bloody  practices etc. which promoted president Obascanjo to launch crusade against corruption after the military regime brining them to book for offence and punishment due for any offence committed without fear on favour of  personality whereby he used Nigeria television authority for quick enhancement.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1            Background of the study

1.2            Statement of problem

1.3            Objective of the study

1.4            Significant of the study

1.5            Research questions

1.6            Research hypothesis

1.7            Definition of terms

1.8            Assumption

1.9            Limitation of the study

CHAPTER TWO

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

2.1            Sources of literature review

2.2            How have

2.3            What has the media done about review

2.4            Summary of literature review

2.5            Theoretical framework

 

CHAPTER THREE

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1            Research method

3.2            Research design

3.3            Measuring instrument

3.4             Data collection

3.5             Data analysis

3.6            Expected result

CHAPTER FOUR

4.1     Data analysis

4.1            Summary of results/ findings

4.2             Discussion

CHAPTER FIVE

5.1            Summary

5.2            Recommendation for further study

5.3            Suggestion for further research

Reference

Appendix

Questionnaires

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1            BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

It is necessary to glorify the minds that made ventures to the establishment of media. Media as a watch dog and the mirror of the nation perform crucial roles in the society media educate entertain analyses interpret ,motivate, create avenue, to failure and to success. Media as well monitor evaluate and correct al wrong activities concerning human existence. It executive and recommends, encodes and decodes and ensure feedback etc.

Media is metaphoric when we termed it to be a watchdog of eh nation and as well the mirror through which the  nation see and recognize itself. it is the importance of the media that place it to that position in that somebody cannot just get up and started printing or criticizing a nation  or society without having in mind any channel of dissemination of his information whether good or bad informational concern sense to the  target audience . It is therefore at this junction that journalist uses media aid to bring the nation what their society is like and how their government is  like and how good or bad the  personalities involved are like, then it is through this means that they will know what the are and how their activities moves whether it encourages the audience or discourage them.

It was through this mirror media the news that exposed the forgery certificate of Alhaja Salisis Buhari which he did at the University of Toronto Canada . the made president Obasanjo after taken over the government to launch crusade that will redress what he saw in the mirror . this made Alhaja Salisu Buhari to be brought down from his position of speaker of house representative

The media educate the ignorant it teaches them from known to unknown without it was when media publishes or air what people know that they will analyze was through media that people get to know what brought about the removal of Evans Ewerem from the position of senate president because of his falsification of age. The Nigerian media therefore exposes them, he evil operator of  their evil deed and drag them down from the success to failure through mentoring of their movement and activities and  evaluating and correcting their wrongs by disseminating it on air and preparing the audience to feedback recommending to the government the punishment that the deserve for the issue of awareness to be accomplished. Furthermore, in Nigeria society, the role of broadcasters and the broadcast media, as agents of rural and motional development,, especially at the information dissemination, watchdog level, is now generally recognized and accepted by experts and policy maker alike. Also, a critical appraisal of the socio-economic development of he people of he world indicates that the sits a spectrum of levels of development of he people of the among he nation stake and that within a given country there also  exist a spectrum of levels affluence poverty Importantly he development spectrum of the nations is demonstrably corrected with the amount of natural resources, indigenous technology and political stability whereas the affluence or poverty of  individual within a nation, may be  corrected with family background, ethnic origin, educational statement etc. depending on the character of the nation in question. Nigeria as a typical developing country to day has a citizenry with a multiplicity of ethnic groups, language, dialects, rural patterns, religious beliefs, and traditional institutes that lend to defy the best of intonations internal integration and development. usually only a small percentage of the people are literate in nay language, indigenous or foreign.

Meanwhile, the national government the enlightened segments of the society are aware of the need for wide spread education for both children and adults in order to achieve prescribed goals in economic growth, health care, political and special awareness, political stability, self reliance and nation identify, among other things for national development. From the above points, broadcaster media is a powerful and effective instrument for achieving these national goals, it has been recognized all over the world and in Nigeria in particular as the role of  broadcast media. In national development according to ADSDI, Uyo in the book the mass media and social change, he identified the functions performed by the  media of mass communication especially broadcast media as , information, education, entertainment, persuasion which he referred to fondly as the media pile- an acronym derived from the four basic function,

Therefore this study is an attempt to discover how media as an instrument for eradicating corruption of Obasanjo’s anti—corruption crusade. A  case study of NTA.

Since assuming office in May, 1999 president Olusegun Obasanjo has never hidden his intention to fight corruption which has permitted the social fabric of Nigeria from the top to bottom.

In order to raise that goal, he set up the independent corrupt practices and other related offences commission, otherwise known as the  ICPC, handed by justice Mustapha Akanbi, a retired judge of the court of appeal. But since then, the commission has remained a came dulk and toothless building until recently. In what observes sees a departure from the past and  a renew vigor in the anti-graft campaign the ICPC in early December imitated the arrest of prominent politicians and former government officials. In one fell SWOAP a serving of corrupt was fired over allegations of corrupt practices. not only was former minister of labour and productively, Alhaji Hassani Akwanga sacked he was  later arrested by security agencies for involvement in a $214m scan in the Jinx national identity card schema being handled by the minister of internal affairs. He was permanent secretary of that ministry before retiring and being appointed a minister.

The ICPC is currently prosecuting about sixty-two persons for various offense, these include politicians, judges, academic and members of the commission is said to have received over 942 petitions since inception out of which about 400 are still being investigated,. Firstly ,in view of this study.

1.2            STATEMENT OF THE RESEARCH PROBLEM

The problem of study is the effect of the media and instrument for eradicating corruption. A case  study of Nigeria television authority inform of Obasanjo anti-corruption crusade. Opinion of the researcher to see if there is any significant effect on media being a powerful instrument to Obsanjo’s  crusade against  corruption. Truly, the has been series of struggle to attain this objective’s

Similarly, the legal philosophers and various notions of the nature, meaning and scope of corruption. Today the struggle to bring to the public the notification of their freedom from corruption by the media had been  respected attempt done by the media for its is the obligation of he media to carry out government opinions, translate it and analyze it to layman’s understanding.

Today, it is a mater of a national and internal affairs or concern in that that the rule of law has no meaning as some government as some government in African countries are dictatorial in nature and operate above the law, thereby something or action that above he law of its laud is a problem and that is the statement of problem of corruption and Obsanjo crusade against instrument to enforce awareness and motivates actions which was achieve a last.

For instance late Abacha chose Bariabas Jabilla (Nick names Roger) as his killer squad leader who carryout a lot of assassination for him therefore instead of investing money on development be rather used the money to send segment Rogers to North Kores to learn self defense and assassination and as well was given asset to presidential jet and many carts of which was announced that Tell magazine describe his appearance as lefty bearded Rogers who always poses a deceptive look with his athletic physique and cherubic face who usually decked in a special black Arab captain when on a mission to kill, al enemy of evil like assassination of Kurdurat Abiloa late and other simply because of the interview grange to her by the British broadcasting separation where she exposed late Abacha she was killed because she vowed to fight Abachs’s corruption to the last. She was killed  her husband Abiloa late won a free and fair election which was announced on June 12.

Problem are imminent in very aspect of human edeavour. As scholars researcher student are know that the Nigeria nation as Bedeviled with so much corruption which has hitherto been a constraint to national development. A category of corruption in synomious with Militaries, politicians, some are caused by employer government agencies, the common men, leader of thought the youths, the aged ad these are the component that make up the federation. A sample of corruption which this work tends to address is crime, drug abuse, juvenile delinquency, cultism, bribery and disobediences.

Therefore, in a situation like this, as the powerful instrument for reradicating corruption is at work but suffers in that there is no freedom of media activates yet that does not stop the media from motivation and action, through some personnel lost their lives in the process a good example is late Giwa founder of Newswatch, who was assassinated.

1.3            OBJECTIVES FO THE STUDY

The researcher intends at the end of this work to provide a lading solution of the problem of corruption in Nigeria. It also intends to asses the Obasanjo anti-corruption crusade to tell the public how far it has gone in trying to eradicating corruption in the society it also tends to form a frame work or basis for further research as far as corruption in concerned in Nigeria.

1.4            SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

 

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THE IMPACT OF WOMEN IN ADVERTISEMENTS (A CASE STUDY OF DELTA SOAP TELEVISION ADVERTISEMENT)

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THE NATURE AND CONSEQUENCES OF JUVENILE DELINQUENCY IN NIGERIA: A STUDY OF ENUGU NORTH LGA, ENUGU STATE

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TABLE OF CONTENT

TITLE PAGE

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

INTRODUCTION

IMPORTANT OF THE STUDY

RESEARCH PROBLEMS

ASSUMTIONS

LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

DISTIQUISHING FEATURES

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

SOURCE OF LITERATURE

THE REVIEW

SUMMARY OF LITERATURE

CHAPTER THREE

METHODOLOGY

RESEARCH METHOD

RESEARCH DESIGN

RESEARCH SAMPLE

MEASURING INSTRUMENT

CHAPTER FOUR

RESULTS

DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS

HYPOTHESIS TEST

FINDINGS

CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

RECOMMENDATION

BIBLIOGRAPHY

APPENDIX

THE QUESTIONNAIRE

 

CHAPTER ONE

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

INTRODUCTION:

It is rare these days to see adverts broadcast on television without women playing prominent and visible roles, such roles range from complementary, subjective, subordinate to major actors in most television adverts. These roles as may be ascribed by men, not only enhance the product advertised, but add colour, glamour and pleasant feelings to viewers whose interest, attention and patronage are very much sought after.

Thus, women could see oftentimes in the back grand performing seductive roles in Delta soap. The sole attraction and the major actors were the women shown at the pitch where the glamour was most manifest. Although, there were men there, but women was first of there sole attraction.

Women are, therefore, beginning to get involved in adverts not only as subordinates but also as major characters and most times found themselves in decision-making positions. The term advertising and advertisement can be defined in many different ways. One widely used definition appropriate for many years by no longer so was simply “salesmanship print”.

Perhaps a more precise definition of the subject would be: Advertising, the paid use of any channel of communication to identify, explains or urges the use of adoption of a product, service or idea. An identified sponsor could also define it as any paid form of non-personal presentation and promotion of ideas, goods and services.

Although, modern advertising is only about 100 years old, the use of advertising actually dates back at least to the 10^th century BC. The use of picture in advertisements is necessary. Advertisements with names and symbols on them are always easy for both illiterates and literates to identify. With the developing of printing, advertising made its first appearance in a form more nearly related to its present one.

A small poster by William Claxton promoted the sale of a service book published in 1450. The first known newspaper advertisement also was a book notice, which appeared in a German News book in 1591.

THE IMPACT OF INDECENT MOVIES ON CHILDHOOD SOCIALIZATION (A CASE STUDY OF AWKUNANAW ENUGU)

ABSTRACT

It has been notice that most children no longer pa attention to their books/cares and other home chores due to watching films on their video or TV. Sets after school and weekend.

The information issues in these films shows in the video or televsion receivers is that our cultural vales are being invaded by foreign ones on the aspects of our lives, in the food eat, cloths we wear, he language we speak, even on our mode of social life etc. Most films on video and television deficit indecent or emulate.

It is argued that indecent acts such as violent on the films and movie pictures causes aggressive behaviour on the children this leading them into committing eden acts.

The topic “The impact if indecent movies on child lead socialization was chosen in view of recognition of indecent or immoral behaviours often exhibited by most children on our society.

As or future hope, there should be concerted effort towards x- raging the overall impact of such films in children. To find you negative or positive effects on them and above all to find possible solution this time worn people.

This is also to explores the damages of watching indecent films that may be invlebt in nature and ending solution to check the violent behaviour of children engendered by indecent films exhibitions.

Superfice it say tat this study with also help arrest this ugly situation of encssnt films shows on our video or television set.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

The topic the “impact of indecent movies on children socialization” is a study that deserves an indept exhaustive treatment. This gas becomes necessary in view of the current diviant and violent behaviour often exhibited by most children in the society.

According to ‘Joy A Ugwuanyi (1999), the increase in the number of vide result centers, the Home and foreign video and the fact that both parents now go out to work, leaving the children on their own, they could walk in to any video rental and pick up any film. This does no anur well for the society.

Moreover most Nigerian children spend a substantial amount of time watching films and views on the television, the child catches a glimpse of deviant and violent behaviours that is country to the ethics and worms of the society.

Because of thus indecent or immoral behaviours often exhibited by most children, many well meaning Nigerians gave consotetly called for censorship of all foreign and home films that is imported or produced in the country. In advanced countries, films are classified. For instance, films reacted as “P.G.” (Parental Guidance) must not be watched alone by a child. He must watch it under the guidance of the parents. There are dome that children above certain age cannot watch. The maintaining council ensures that such films are not screened on the day or early evening. However a lot of developments have rendered these control measures one effective.

In addition, some of these indecent movies especially those that are violent in nature impact a feeling of violent on children after watching the movies.

2. For number of yeas, “Gerbneretal   (1977:176-207) have been profiting the amount if violence in network television. They have been conducting audience surrey to determine whether heavy viewing of a great deal of violence on television, result in a distorted and fearful view of the society.

Result from the study have indicated significant relationship between the amount of television viewing and various indices of fear, must rust and subjective probability of experiencing violence. The more one watches violent films, the is to over estimate the amount.

3. Gerbneretal (1977) still demographic fays such as found positive and significant associations between the amount of film and television viewing and the amount of perceived violence or fear of violence. Of violence in real world, and the chances of becoming personally involved in a violent come, even the age, sex.

LIPPMAN (1922:121) suggested that the pictures on our head are mainly constructed from the picture we get from the violent film. Also in trying to investigate how specific violent films from the media contents can lead ti te construction of related realified Lippman often referred to the media as encultural cultivation”.

It is perhaps outeresting to note that since the introduction of indecent films in Nigeria, the county has been witnessing interesting increased incidents of crime and other violent acts concerned citizens blamed it on incient attitude social ills, such as demobilization of services men, weak and understaffed low enforcement, agencies , poor police records, high unemployment inflation, non existence of social welfare services, depire of social values and moral standards.

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 MEDIA OWNERSHIP AND ITS INFLUENCE ON EDITORIAL POLICY(A CASE STUDY OF ANNOUNCER NEWSPAPER OWERRI)

 

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CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

• BACKGROUND OF STUDY

In Nigeria, there are three main types of media ownership namely, Government ownership, Private ownership and mixed ownership. In the case of government ownership, the media house is established, controlled and financed by the government, which the private ownership is when an individual or a group of persons establish, finance and control the media house. That of mixed ownership is when both government and private individuals are into some sort of partnership regarding establishing, financing and controlling the media house.

The researcher agrees with the ideas of Nnanyelugo Okon and Ben Agbo authors of “writing for the media society”. They wrote that “it is obviously true that mass media owners exert a threatening control medium is managed by a board of directors appointed by private owners or by a public cooperation established by the government…

This work will go further to elaborate on media ownership influences on editorial policies in the chapters ahead.

We should understand that, media ownership influence is exercised through financial control, appointment of principal staff, and government legislative decrees. In this circumstance, the media in question are either print or electronics and taking cognizance of the fact that the nature of ownership of any medium lies as the determining factor on how the medium shall operate. It is therefore worthy to note that this ownership pattern will no doubt influence the editorial policies of such a medium.

In agreement with the dictum that he who pays the piper, dictates the fone. The media house whether owned by government, individuals or both would no doubt be made to propagate and promote the ideas, personalities and projects of the owners and it can also be achieved through the house styles and editorial policies of the media house.

Editorial policies can be said to be those plans of actions meant to control the editorial matters of the media house, adopted by the board Directors and endorsed by the publisher(s) or owner(s). According to Ben Agbo and Nnanyelugo Okon in their same text, Editorial policy is the path a newspaper elects to follow as it answers the two basic questions:

• What shall we publish?
• How shall we publish?

Worth reference to my case study, “Announcer Newspaper” which qualifies as a print medium following the characteristics of newspaper laid down by Nkem Fab Ukozor and Ben Agbo, authors of Mass communication purpose, principles, and practice. They wrote quoting a German Schokr, Otta Grota for determining a true newspaper are as follows:

• The newspaper must be published regularly at least once a week
• That the newspaper must be mechanically produced, be available to any price.
• Vary in content such that the content will interest the larger audience, be published at specified times.

The publisher of “Announcer newspaper”, Dr. Ezeani has appointed a board of Directors whose duty is to formulate editorial policies as they (eie those policies) suit him. He established the newspaper sometime in 2001.

As a politician, (ie the publisher) such editorial policies have been formulated to favour his political structure and ideas so as to project him to higher political positions. The publisher of the announcer newspaper has employed the services of an editor, who maintains the house style of the newspaper and operates within the editorial policy limits as formulated by the board.

Still on the “Announcer Newspaper”, the editor is answerable to the Editor-in-chief who is there to see that the newspaper operates according to the laid down (editorial) policy. The editor is expected to resign and leave if he is no longer disposed to such editorial policies of this paper and not to bend it. Every Monday morning, there is usually an editorial board meeting at announcer newspaper conference hall. The meeting is an avenue uses to make appraisals on the current edition and to resolve on the news to use for both front and back pages, (lead stories) etc for the next edition.

The Editor will only make his professional input but must dance to the tone of the publisher though the Editor-in-chief in terms of editorial matters.