THE-INFLUENCE OF AGE, SEX AND ECONOMIC STATUS ON MEDIA PREFERENCE AMONG THE ENUGU AUDIENCE.

 

 

ABSTRACT

The media is the channels of disseminating information such as radio, television Newspaper etc.

Each of these channels is preferred by a particular audience the preference is greatly influenced by such factors as age, sex and economic status of the media audience.

There is the general belief that the television is the most efficient medium of disseminating information across the status of the society hence it has both audio and visual appeal to the audience and having Enugu metropolis in focus.

The objective of the work is to ascertain the level of age, sex and economic status influence on media preference. This will help the programme planners for radio, television and Newspaper editors in Enugu to know how best to handle programme schedule, approach and time presentation of programmes.

The method used in carrying out the study is survey method of research. The survey method was used to analyse the influence of Age, sex and economic status on media preference, among the Enugu audience with the administration of 22- point questionnaire.

Finally, the respondents responded to the question administration to them and the findings was in accordance with the research topic.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

• BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

This study is typically on audience research and I am studying the influence of Age, sex and economic status on media preference among the Enugu Audience”.

The mass media are powerful instruments for opinion formation and change on contemporary issues in the society.

Therefore, the transmission of signals from the various media of mass communication at the same time presents the audience with the problem of choice, that is choosing the media that would best satisfy their needs in their order of preference.

Wilbur schramm (1949) supports the view that choice of media is influenced by needs satisfaction when the he wrote about the concept of reward as a factor that accounts for attendance to mass communication messages. According to him, the mass media are expected to take care of audience needs and satisfaction and to help them solve problems whether the communication is purposive or non-purpossive.

Readers or listeners select news in anticipation of a reward which may be either the immediate reward of drive reductions or vicarious experience or the delayed, reward of threat value; and general preparedness for reality, that for any individual the boundaries of these two are not fixed and immutable but that news of public affairs,

Economic matters, social problems,

Science education, health is usually read for delayed reward and News of crime and corruption, accidents, disasters, sports and recreation, social events and human interests, for immediate rewards”.

Furthermore, the democratic participant theory of the mass media suggests, among other things, that individuals citizens and minority groups have rights of access t media according to their one served by media according to their own determination of need. Thus the mass media should exist primarily for their audiences and not for the media organization, professionals or the clients of media.

The central point of this theory lies with the needs, interests and aspirations of the receiver of mass media messages. The media practitioners should, therefore, avail him self of information regarding such needs, interests and aspirations so as to be able to communicate more effectively.

He should have information regarding such profits as the age, sex, income, education, attitude, values, life-styles and location of his audience members and how these effect media preference.

The traditional approach to audience research is to find out which aspect of a particular communication medium listeners most often emphasize. Research ridges the gap between the mass media and their audience. It represents a perfect example of the two-way concept of mass communication and acts like a mirror to show the media institutions who receivers their messages; how, where and when.

 

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THE NATURE AND CONSEQUENCES OF JUVENILE DELINQUENCY IN NIGERIA: A STUDY OF ENUGU NORTH LGA, ENUGU STATE

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IMPACT OF HOME MOVIE ON THE LIFE STUDENTS OF TERTIARY INSTITUTION IN NIGERIA [A CASE STUDY OF I.M.T]

ABSTRACT

In this write up impact of home video on the life of student of tertiary institution in Nigeria is presented. There are five chapters, each deals with different perspective on hour a reasonable fact could be drawn as in what way home video has been beneficiary to student of higher institution.

The first chapter deals with the general introduction. This gives us the highlight of the problem, aim and objective likewise it’s importance.

Chapter two dealt with the past work done in this area and the system used in the working of the project.

In chapter three the authors emphasizes on the process, system and procedure of getting information for the purpose of arriving at a dependable solution on the research topic.

The authors in chapter four uses the information generated to present a feature data on the topic.

Chapter five focuses on the over all summary conclusion and recommendation. The summary in nutshell analyze the research work. Also conclusion elaborates on the challenges encountered during the course of the project and some remarks.

While recommendation encompass the various facts generated and presented as to use it to change the general societal miss values most especially in our tertiary institution 9in Nigeria using institute of management and technology [I.M.T ] Enugu as a case study.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title page

Approval page

Dedication

Abstract

Table of content

CHAPTER ONE

• Introduction
• Problems statement
• Objectives of the study
• Significance of study
• Limitation of the study
• Research question
• Hypothesis

CHAPTER TWO        

Literature review

• Source of literature
• Review of relevant
• Theoretical frame work
• Self perception theory
• Summary of review literature

CHAPTER THREE

Research methodology

• Research method
• Research design
• Population and sample
• Sample size
• Sample technique
• Measuring instrument
• Validity of measuring instrument
• Method Of Data Collection
• Method Of Data Analysis
• Expected Result

 

CHAPTER FOUR

Data analysis and presentation

• Data presentation analysis and results.
• Discussion Of Results
• Testing Hypothesis

 

CHAPTER FIVE

Summary, conclusion and recommendation

5.1     Summary of findings

5.2     Conclusion

5.3     Recommendation

Bibliography

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

The impact of home video on the life of students in tertiary institution in Nigeria. The work of the twenty first centuries because of the advent of technology. Today it now dominates the life of man kinds. It has been upgrade to a level where all things happen without using energy as it was in the case of post centuries. This century had brought along changes and unstoppable materialization one of which is the adoption of style of living by the Africa continent and Nigeria most especially. Even as we have some ‘’ sit tight’’ cultural believe it is obvious that the advent of technology has really affected societal norms and values.

However the gospel truth remains that the society is misplacing its values cultural heritage and at the center of all our students in tertiary institution who are undoubtedly leaders of tomorrow whether they are possessions of quality personality or on the contrary. The Nigeria home videos are been celebrated by these students. Most of them had formed the undeniable habits of watching every

Home video released into the market hence there have been a mountain of criticisms being leveled on these home videos for their failure to promote morality in our higher institution of learning.

What is being showcased and obtain in home videos in nutshell are cases of violence prostitution, money laundering armed robbery and photography as could be extracted from this film ‘’THE SENATOR’’ the film propagate double standard, lack of honesty cultism, wrong societal value blackmail success through dubious means lack of respect for parents. As a mirror to the society, the film has been label to send a wrong message to the minds of students of higher institution. It misplaced the universal standard of how an average student ought to go about in   his/ her sojourn in tertiary institution, making thieves armed robbers, cultists from our generation of students. Home video in Nigeria instead of bringing messages story lines that could promote our cultural heritage and good values have deviated in adding more problem instead of trying to solve them. Some films introduces prostitution as the only way out for a female students whose infirmity could not pay her school fees; as if prostitution is the answer to poverty. Thy failed to show some students that are in such situation that the normal thing to do may be through menial jobs and other sources.

The video ‘’The senator’’ brings out social vices and deviant behaviour in the truth of matter remains that the impacts such films is having on students of tertiary institution is of negative. Now some believe that getting to the top is by joining secret cults or becomes black mailers. Such videos create conflict of reasoning and most time changes ideas and orientation thereby causing violence in our higher institution.

Today, our institutions are dumping ground of mediocre. There you will find prostitutes armed robbers homosexuals, lesbians, cultists. Worse still is that home video promote the ills, finding its way into our campus and after scrutinizing every home videos one can hardly find one that promote hard work intelligence respect peace meekness development events, education or promote moral education that is to say the home videos producers/ makers gives our student foreign disguise through our local actors and actresses. our nervousness now is that the continual extent had adverse social and moral decadence in our campuses which we cannot risk and afford if our future should be guaranteed.

 

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AN ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECTS OF TELEVISION PROGRAMMES ON YOUTHS (A CASE STUDY OF CAMPUS CIRCUIT ON MINAJ BROADCAST INTERNATIONAL)

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ABSTRACT

My interest in this work its assess the effects of Television programmes on youths. Using a Minaj Broadcast international (MBI) programme Campus Circuit” as a cash study.

Television is widely acknowledged as “a powerful medium of age? The is astounding, its visual immediacy gives its audience a feeling of participation more than any other medium.

It is necessary to find out what effects television has on youths. I want to observe the youths watching campus circuit a television prgramme, learn behaviours, norms and attitude through such television violence might influence children who have violent tendencies to act violently.

Some of the primary objectives of television in Nigeria are to foster National unity and to supplement education programmes which can be achieved through the use of films. The project for purpose of easy understanding, is divided into chapter is and consist of five chapters.

Chapter one deals with the introductory aspects of the stud, in chapter two, a review of related literature is presented, while chapter three goes ahead to outline the methodology that was adopted the data analysis and interpretation in chapter four. This thesis conclusion and recommendations for further study.

Finally, this study is delimited to youths watching television programmes are literature enough to answer the questionnaires that will follow the research.

TABLE OF CONTENT

Title page

Approval page

Dedication

Acknowledgement

Abstract of contents

Table of Contents

CHAPTER ONE

1.0    Introduction

• Background of the study
• Statement of the Research Problem
• Objectives of the study
• Significance of the study
• Research Questions
• Research Hypotheses
• Conceptual and Operational Definition
• Assumptions
• Limitation of the study

CHAPTER TWO

• Sources of Literature
• The review
• Functions of Nigerian Television
• The Influence of Television
• Campus Circuit
• Review of Opinions
• Summary of Literature Review

CHAPTER THREE

3.0    Research Methodology                                45

• Research Design
• Research Sample 46
• Measuring Instrument
• Sampling Technique
• Sources of Data
• Method of Analysis / Presentation
• Expected results

CHAPTER FOUR

DATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS

4.1    Introduction

• Presentation of findings

CHAPTER FIVE

• Summary and conclusion
• Recommendations

References

 

CHAPTER ONE

• INTRODUCTION

1.1   BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

        The birth of television in Nigeria was out of political dissection. “ The politics of Nigeria just before independence placed more emphasis on developing the regions than the caters”, Television became the innovation that was to enhance the pace of regional development “ The global history of television shows that this mass medium came into existence in the discernible in the nineteenth century. In 1956, the Federal Government dried late Obafemi Awolowo Leader of opposition in the Federal House of parliament the right to reply on air the allegations leveled against his party by the colonial government. Late Chef Awolowo had telephoned the director of Nigeria Broadcasting service (NBC) requesting the sue of the broadcast facilities to refute what he claimed was a misrepresentation of the actions group point of view in the house of representations. But rather than grant the request. The chief secretary turned down the request.

This action was highly resented by chief Awolowo who started conceiving the idea of having his own broadcasting service in the Western region from the moment.

Television broadcasting, began in Nigeria in October 1959, when government of the former Western region started the first television service in both Nigeria, and Africa the Western Nigeria Television (WNTV) in Ibadan, other Television station established included, the Eastern Nigeria broadcasting service)ENBC) – Radio / TV which was created on October 1, 1960, also Radio / Television Kaduna (RTK) in 1961.

Today, Nigeria can broad of several radio and television stations. Most of which are owned and operated by the state and Federal government with the numerous television stations in the country, it is necessary to find out what effects this system of communication has on youth.

Television is widely acknowledged as “ a powerful medium of our age “ (TV journal, 1985:3) The power of television in shaping our lives is astounding its visual immediacy gives its audience a feeling of participation more than any other medium. What youths see and Lear influence their attitudes, manners, speech and often their daily habits. Television has uniqueness in its intimacy, immoderacy and mass communication qualities. In Nigeria , its development is viewed in the height of a multiplicity of personal, social cultural and political needs.

CHILDREN AND MASS MEDIA: THE ROLE OF MASS MEDIA IN CHILDHOOD SOCIALIZATION: (A CASE STUDY OF UNIVERSITY PRIMARY SCHOOL ENUGU AND OBIAGU PRIMARY SCHOOL)

ABSTRACT

The study deals on children and mass media use: A study of the vote of mass media use in childhood socialization.

It throws light on one of the most remarkable features in human development. This feature is the transformation of the child from a low, helpless and defenseless infant to a self fending adult, by the process pf socialization.

The study has five chapters which combined to explain better the ideas and evens of socialization of children.

The first chapter laid foundation for other chapters that appeared in this study and gives a general overview of the study in a capsule form.

Chapter two deals on view some textbooks which served as empirical support the various issues raised in the study.

Chapter three deals on the research methodology population size, sample size research design, research instrument and method of data analysis.

In the study the sample size fo100 children from University primary school and Abegg primary school, both n Enugu state were chosen.

Sample random sampling system was used as the selection procedure. However, the research instrument was questionnaire, structured in easy and simples words and short sentences aid understanding.

Chapter four deals on the statistical test of all the five hypothesis for their statistical significance while chapter five only based on conclusion and possible suggestions for further research.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE

Approval page

Dedication

Acknowledgement

Abstract

Table of contents

Lists of tables

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

• Statement of problem
• Objective of the study
• Communication problem
• Mass communication and socialization
• The nigerian case
• Significant of the study
• Research questions
• Research hypothesis
• Limitation of the study
• Definition of terms

CHAPTER TWO

• Review of literature

Theoretical background

Notes and references

CHAPTER THREE

• Research methodology
• Sample technique
• Method of data collection
• Coding
• Method of data analysis

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0     Data analysis and presentation

4.1     Testing of hypothesis ad interpretation

CHAPTER FIVE

• Conclusion and recommendation
• Caution
• Suggestion for further study

Bibliography

Appendix i – reproduction of questionnaire

Appendix ii – statistical analysis of all the hypothesis

                          

                     

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

In spite of the fact that the invention of the printing press and the introduction of the television did not come as parallel discoveries they have become a potent force in revalorizing men’s ideas and actions.

As the world require new vistas, it becomes more intricate. There is more being done and a consciousness of more to be done, more information needed and more information to be communicated. Modern industrial technology has made possible the reproduction of information on a massive scale. Therotary press the motion picture cameras and he television, all provide a basis for reaching vast audience.

In a more complex world of specialization takes and lessening distances, the ties between a man and his next door neighbour may be less important than those which bind in to fellows of his own profession, hobby or taste.

As the social bonds of traditional community, living have weakened the mass media have created a new set of common interests and loyalties. The broadcast and the print media collectively called the mass media had offered a new kind of shared experience in which millions can laugh at, feel the men thrill s and anxieties and respond to the same heaves.

Mass media operations are possible only where the produced symbols are meaningful.

In a world of standardized goods, it is to be expected that entertainment should be dispensed through impersonal commercial and play that prevail in more simple communities.

With no other form of impersonal communication has sharing f experience been possible on universal scale and to be so intense in degree as with the mass media concern about the possible effect or influence of mass communication upon the opinions and attitudes of men have been prevalent for several decades and has existed in less intense way as have mass media.

The statement that the penis mightier than the sword has been modernized by social observes who have claimed that the mass media are powerful than atomic bomb.

The mass media have particular importance in human history. they are the greatest multipliers of information just as the machines of the industrial revolution were able to multiply human power with others kind of energy.

The significance of the development of printing in the 15^th century was that, it did not only saint the balance from   long centuries of spoken first hand communication towards the sharing of information on a grad scale but more importantly it extended learning beyond privileged .

Wilbur Schramm noted that “ shortly after the development of printing the print media became tools of political and social change.

He argued that the revolution in Europe would have been most impossible without the print media and the development of public school would have equally been impossible.

In contemporary times man’s life and existence have come to depend largely on the media to tell him what is happening in his society ad in the large world, to educate and entertain him. Therefore there is an inexorable march towards a world entirely predicental on mass media communication. The mass media have this become the most powerful communication force created by man.

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THE ROLE OF PUBLIC RELATIONS IN ENHANCING CUSTOMERS SATISFACTION IN A GOVERNMENT PARASTATALS

 

 

ABSTRACT

The role of public relations in ENHANCING CUSTOMERS SATISFACTION IN A GOVERNMENT PERASTATTALS (A CASE STUDY) OF THE ENUGU STATE IDATER CORPORATION) is hinged on disclosing the necessity of applying public relations and the role public relations can play in rendering a satisfactory services which will not only retain customer but attract more customers to a government firm.

Accordingly, customer satisfaction has to do with serving the customers in a most respectable and satisfying manner as well as conducting such services in a way he customer like or want according to John Hoepers (1985) “in the free market economy, one gains wealth only through serving the customers best d determined by the opinion of the customers themselves. The researcher has investigated on how the management sees the public relations department of the Enugu state water corporation and what satrapies it has employed in including the satisfaction of the corporations customers and how these strategies have affected the relationship of customers with the government organizations Questionnaires and oral interviews were used by the researcher to obtain data. A total of 150 questionnaires were given to respondents comprising the employee, management and customers of Enugu state water corporation but only 122 questionnaires were returned. The researcher also make use of reluctant and reliable test books written by authors on public relations.

From findings, the researcher was able to observe that the public relations department of the Enugu Sate water corporation is highly regarded and its action ties have contributed to the tremendous growth of the corporation and its suggestions also form the basis of their policies.

Another major observation is that the corporation through the role of the public relations department has adopted and implemented some suggestion made by customers in order to serve them better.

In ending this study, the researcher has made some recommendations both for the growth and progress of the corporation and also for further studies in this area.

The project, for the purpose of easy understanding is divided into five chapter. The first chapter entails the introduction of the topic under study which the second chapter deals with the review of relevant literatures that have been used in this project.

Chapter three deals with the outline of the methodology used where as chapter four contains the analysis and interpretation of the result.

The summary of this work is discussed in chapter five together with conclusion and recommendations for further study.

TABLE OF CONTENT

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

TABLE OF CONTENT

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

• BACK GROUND OF STUDY
• BRIEF HISTORY OF THE ENUGU STATE WATER CORPORATION
• STATEMENT OF STUDY
• OBJECTIVES OF STUDY
• SIGNIFICATION OF STUDY
• RESEARCH QUESTIONS
• HYPOTHESES
• CONCEPTUAL AND OPERATIONAL DEFINITION
• ASSUMPTIONS
• LIMITATIONS
• Theoretical framework

 

CHAPTER TWO

2.0    Literature Review

• The Education of Public Relations
• Towards A Definition of Public Relations
• Operative Parts Of the Above Definitions
• Functions of PR
• The Role of the PR in Customer Satisfaction
• Summary of Literature Review

 

CHAPTER THREE

• Methodology

3.1    Research Method

• Research Design
• Population Size
• Measuring Instrument
• Data Collection
• Data Analysis

CHAPTER FOUR

• Data Analysis and Results

4.1    Presentation of result Employee and Management Questionnaire.

• Presentation and Analysis of Customer Questionnaire

CHAPTER FIVE

• Summary and Recommendation

5.1    Summary of Findings

• Conclusion
• Recommendation
• Appendix
• Bibliography

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

• BACK GROUND OF STUDY

In this are of multifarious organization for production, service or distribution and its subsequent water – tight competition among the concerns, it has become germane for an organization whether profit – oriented or public service type to continually adjust themselves to the needs of the environment in order to survive.

“No man island”. The same is applicable to an organization because no organization can function in isolation from its public that constitute its environment.

The public which constitutes the environment and forms the nucleus of any society has to be pleased and satisfied that an organization has its interest at heart for the organization to survive. There can be no escape in today’s world from the grinding wheels of public attitude. This is the era of “ the public be pleased”. For the obvious reason that every organization is dependent on its public for survival. And public support can only gained of the public are satisfied.

The prevailing notion that “the customer is always right” therefore needs to be treated courteously and respectively has heightened and intensified the relevance of the public relations in to day’s business organization. Subsequently business organizations should not keep away from the pubic, but should maintain a progressive cordial relationship with them.

The public relations role includes how well an organization has been able to elicit the understanding of its customers, which it needs to survive and grow in business.

The nature this relations with customers depend very much on how well the customer are treated and how well they are satisfied with the services of the organization which will invariable affect the reputation of the organization public relations can play an important role in safe guarding a reputation or in establishing a new public image, it can also do valuable work in improving or enhancing methods of communication with existing and potential customers.

An organization needs to be understood so as to fare well in the midst of competition. One way of doing this is to map out a programme of action that is to customer oriented and favourable to the general people. The idea is to establish a solid base and gain a competitive advantage over its competitions. This has given rise to a new business philosophy in which the orientation is to evolve a cluster and value satisfactions such that the targeted public would want to deal with an organization rather than its competitors. This marketing innovation strategy advanced by professor Theodore lavitt aids to form the pillar of public relations .

 

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