INFLUENCE OF RADIO OWNERSHIP ON PROFESSIONAL

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

 

• Background of the study

 

The Federal Radio Corporation of Nigeria is  the Pioneer Broadcast  Organization in

 

Nigeria with a rich culture of excellence. Available records reveal that Radio Broadcasting was introduced into Nigeria in 1933 by the then colonial Government. It relayed the overseas service of the British Broadcasting Corporation through wired system with loudspeakers at the listening end. The service was called Radio Diffusion System, RDS. From the RDS emerged the Nigerian Broadcasting Services, NBS in April 1980. Prior to the NBS, the colonial Government had commissioned the Nigerian Broadcasting survey, undertaken by Messrs Byron and Turner which recommended the establishment of stations in Lagos, Kaduna, Asaba, Ibadan and Kano. Mr. T.W. Chalmers, a Briton and controller of the BBC Light Entertainment Programme was the first Director-General of the NBS.

 

Radio ownership and control has since colonial times been subjected more to political exigencies than economic forces. Successive governments have, in the laws they enact and enforce, made it abundantly clear that the press was at the mercy of politics, and that the political tune to which a paper dances was enough to ensure its survival or death Abramsky, (2005). The laws and their implementation have seldom encouraged private investment in the media nor given radio proprietors reason to believe that it is feasible to run it as a business by attracting advertisement revenue with good circulation figures.

 

The government shows that it is more interested in containing the media politically than in providing its proprietors and practitioners the enabling economic environment they need for professional excellence and financial independence. This has brought about the underdevelopment of the press by imposing on it a series of constraints. No one who knows what a radio looks like (in content and form) take seriously what is passed on news Akpan, (2008), of course, some of the constraints to a vibrant, professional and financially viable radio are obviously internal to the press itself. However, even these so-called internal constraints can be explained by the overt political control and administrative determination to stifle all forms of creative and liberating difference from the status quo that a free press of any kind might seek to encourage Beder, (2002). This necessarily means privileging ignorance over knowledge, and encouraging media practitioners who know little or care little about professionalism. Thus, the first and main threat to free-flow of information is still largely from wielders of political power, efforts at economic liberalization notwithstanding (Konings, 2006). Control by big business or financial magnates is perhaps a future danger, as overt political interference has made it too risky for the business world to contemplate any meaningful partnership with or investment in the press, the critical private press in particular. During the monolithic era, the sole political pace-setter was the government. Today, there is the added danger of power elites other than the governing, manipulating the press in similar ways if not worse. Often, the journalists I have interviewed tend to think, quite mistakenly, that the only real threat to their freedom and independence comes from proprietors. This is quite understandable, given that the government is directly responsible for repressive laws and their day to day application, and given that the radio owners have consistently worked to keep the press divided through sponsoring the creation of private papers or thwarting attempts to create strong unions of media practitioners (Guiffo, 2003; Nyamnjoh, 2006; Nyamnjoh et al., 2006). This notwithstanding, it is important for journalists to bear in mind that threats to their independence could also come from big business, such as experienced from government. They ought also to note that an equally dangerous threat could arise from unwittingly playing into the hands of the power elite in the opposition, as even they would agree has happened during democratic process. Among the internal constraints to a free press (constraints induced, of course, by governments and radio owners monolithic inclinations and severe laws over the years), is the inadequacy of professionalism and unity among journalists. The splits, squabbles and instability we have witnessed among radio proprietors and journalists over the past eight years of democratic struggle, mean that the press has been preoccupied more with internal wrangles of its own, than with a conscious, concerted effort as an institution, to pool their resources together and fight for better laws and for persecuted journalists, as well as better inform their readership or viewership Bleifuss, 2005. If journalists are more united and better organized, they could resolve most of the problems that currently plague them and their profession, even if such professional independence. Lack of job security is equally a constraint. Radio owners have capitalized on the helplessness of the job-seekers, who have not been guaranteed regular salaries. No firm arrangements are reached; as the owners are often more interested in whatever commercial gain they can muster than in professional excellence. This has inevitably led to prostitution by journalists or to what one may term a hand-to-mouth journalism, if not a journalism of misery Burton, 2004. In 1994 and 1995 when I ran a series of training and refresher programmes for journalists under the auspices of the Friedrich-Ebert Foundation in Cameroon, it was not uncommon for journalists to show more interest in the perdiem that the foundation paid them for attending, than in the training itself. Journalists find themselves being forced to make unreliable promises to publish stories or slip in an advert here or there; promises which have led to untold problems for them. Any bit of money can lure a journalist to write anything, including blackmail. Even with the official media, a journalist thinks that if he writes this or that flattering article about this or that highly placed person in the ruling party or in the administration, he could be recognised and promoted. The main reason is that journalists do not receive good salaries and therefore have to aspire to extra-professional appointments which can fetch them a little more. The lack of job security has thus negatively affected professionalism as journalists seek to make ends meet through unprofessional practices, usually referred to derogatorily as ‘le journalisme de Gombo’ (‘Soya Journalism’ or ‘bread and butter journalism’) (cf. Tueno Tagne, 2006). Such gombo-isation of the profession has, together with other factors, done much to devalue the journalist and his product in public esteem (FFE, 2003, 2006). The next type of constraint pertains to financial difficulties that have compounded the problems of news-gathering and news-production, and made papers even less credible as they stretch and strain to make possible every single edition. The high death or hibernation toll among radios Boh, (2007, p.193-230), is clear proof of these difficulties. If currently there is little advertising in the press, and if industry and commerce behave as though advertising were doing journalist a favour, this is due largely to the very unprofessional approach to journalism of which the press is guilty, but also to the fear on the part of businessmen, of drastic government sanctions on anyone caught keen on inv…

 

Note: our case study can be change to suit your desire location . we are here for your success.

ORDER NOW

COMPLETE MATERIAL  COST  N2,500 Or $10.  FRESH  PROJECT MATERIAL  COST 50,000 NAIRA FOR UNDERGRADUATE, OTHERS 100,000 -200,000 NAIRA.

THE NATURE AND CONSEQUENCES OF JUVENILE DELINQUENCY IN NIGERIA: A STUDY OF ENUGU NORTH LGA, ENUGU STATE

Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

Note:  We accept bank transfer, ATM cash transfer , Online payment using your ATM , Western union bank transfer.  We will respond to you anytime of the day. 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

CALL OUR  CUSTOMERS CARE  OKEKE CHIDI C ON :  08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE  YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 1 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.   

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE

INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL NETWORKING ON THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF CARITAS UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

• Background of the Study

 

The internet plays a fundamental role in organizations and societies. The basic fact

justifies  the  information  revolution  that  has  been  taking  place  across  the  globe  in  recent

times. The	term  internet, according		to	Cawkell  in  Ogedegbe (2006, p.152)		is	a	large
computer  network  formed  out  of			some  thousands  of  interconnected  networks,  and it
supports  a	whole range	of  services such  as  electronic,  file  transfer  protocol,				data		base
access and  many others.  It is  therefore				not  surprising the success  story	behind	the  advent
of  the  internet.  It  is  also  known  as			a  network  that  links  computers all  over  the  world  by
satellite  and  telephone,		connecting	users  with  service  networks  such		as Email		and  the
world wide	web. Today	the  internet	has	linked  thousands  of nations  and	enterprises across

the world. Hence the world which appears physically large has been made small by the internet and justifies the reference to the world as a global village.

The internet gave rise to the birth of social networking sites, which, according to Okenwa (2008, p. 15) are web-based services that allow individuals to (1) construct a public or semi-public profile within a bounded system, (2) articulate a list of other users with whom they share a connection, and (3) view and traverse their list of connections and those made by others within the system. What makes social network sites unique is not that they allow individuals to meet strangers, but rather that they enable users to articulate and make visible their social networks. This can result in connections between individuals that would not otherwise be made, but that is often not the goal, and these meetings are frequently between “existing ties” who share some offline connection (Hawthorn, 2005). On many of the large social networking sites, participants are not necessarily “networking” or looking to meet new people; instead, they are primarily communicating with people who are already a part of their extended social network. Social networking began in 1978 with the Bulletin Board System (or BBS.) The BBS was hosted on personal computers, requiring that users dial in through the modem of the host computer, exchanging information over phone lines with other users. This was the first system that allowed users to sign in and interact with each other; it was quite slow since only one user could be logged in at a time. Later in the year, the very first copies of web browsers were distributed using the bulletin board, Usenet. Usenet was created by Jim Ellis and Tom Truscott,

and it allowed users to post news ws‖articles.The difference between Usenet and other BBS and administrator or central server. There are modern forums that use the same idea as Usenet today,

including Yahoo Groups and Google Groups.

The first version of instant messaging came about in 1988 with Internet Relay Chat (IRC). IRC was Unix-based, limiting access for most people. It was used for link and file sharing, and generally keeping in touch with one another. Geocities was among the first social networking sites on the internet, launching its website in 1994. Its intent was to allow users to

create their own websites, dividing them into groups based   on   the   website‘s

TheGlobe.com was launched, offering users the ability to interact with people who held the same interests and publish their own content. Two years later, in 1997, AOL Instant Messenger and SixDegrees.com were launched. This was the year instant messaging became popular and it was the first time internet users were able to create a profile and be-friend each other.

3

Friendster, created in 2002 was the pioneer of social networking. In its first three months, the social networking website acquired 3 million users, amounting to 1 in 126 internet users being members at the time. Friendster served as the launching point for the widely popular MySpace, which cloned Friendster and launched after just 10 days of coding. In the following years, other social networking websites like Classmates.com, LinkedIn and Tribe.net started to come up, including what was to be the most popular social networking website in internet history, Facebook.com was launched in 2004 with the intent to connect U.S. college students, starting with Harvard College. In its first month, over half of the 19,500 students signed up. After gaining popularity, Facebook opened its registration to non-college students, and in 2008, Facebook surpassed MySpace as the leading social networking website. Social networking has come a long way since 1978, and we will all witness its evolution for years to come, forever changing the way people connect with one another.

While social network sites have implemented a wide variety of technical features, their backbone consists of visible profiles that display an articulated list of Friends who are also users of the system. Profiles are unique pages where one can “type oneself into being” Sunder (2003, p. 3). After joining a social network site, an individual is asked to fill out forms containing a series of questions. The profile is generated using the answers to these questions, which typically include descriptors such as age, location, interests, and an “about me” section. Most sites also encourage users to upload a profile photo. Some sites allow users to enhance their profiles by adding multimedia content or modifying their profile’s look and feel. Others, such as Facebook, allow users to add modules (“Applications”) that enhance their profile.

After joining a social network site, users are asked to identify others in the system with which they have a relationship. Most social network sites require bi-directional confirmation for Friendship, but some do not. These one-directional ties are sometimes labelled as “Fans” or “Followers,” but many sites call these Friends as well. The term “Friends” can be misleading, because the connection does not necessarily mean friendship in the everyday vernacular sense, and the reasons people connect are varied (Boyd, 2006). These sites also provide a mechanism for users to leave messages on their Friends’ profiles. This feature typically involves leaving “comments,” although sites employ various labels for this feature. In addition, social networks often have a private messaging feature similar to webmail. While both private messages and comments are popular on most of the major networking sites, they are not universally available. Beyond profiles, Friends, comments, and private messaging, network sites vary greatly in their features and user base. Some have photo-sharing or video-sharing capabilities; others have built-in blogging and instant messaging technology. There are mobile-specific social network sites (e.g., Dodgeball), but some web-based sites also support limited mobile interactions (e.g., Facebook, MySpace, and Cyworld). Many networking sites target people from specific geographical regions or linguistic groups, although this does not always determine the site’s consistency. Orkut, for example, was launched in the United States with an English-only interface, but Portuguese-speaking Brazilians quickly became the dominant user group (Kopytoff, 2004). Some sites are designed with specific ethnic, religious, sexual orientation, political, or other identity-driven categories in mind. There are even sites for dogs (Dogster) and cats (Catster), although their owners must manage their profiles. This then brings to mind the fact that everyone needs to interact both humans and animals alike.

1.2  Statement of the Problem

The  introduction  of  information  technology  in  Nigeria  is  a  welcome  development. The use of internet for educational purposes is also of immense benefit especially in the area of being globally relevant and current. However, when it becomes a substitute for…

Note: our case study can be change to suit your desire location . we are here for your success.

ORDER NOW

COMPLETE MATERIAL  COST  N2,500 Or $10.  FRESH  PROJECT MATERIAL  COST 50,000 NAIRA FOR UNDERGRADUATE, OTHERS 100,000 -200,000 NAIRA.

THE NATURE AND CONSEQUENCES OF JUVENILE DELINQUENCY IN NIGERIA: A STUDY OF ENUGU NORTH LGA, ENUGU STATE

Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

Note:  We accept bank transfer, ATM cash transfer , Online payment using your ATM , Western union bank transfer.  We will respond to you anytime of the day. 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

CALL OUR  CUSTOMERS CARE  OKEKE CHIDI C ON :  08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE  YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 1 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.   

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE

good  means  of  social  interactions  and   academic study among  young  people,  it  should

give  cause  for concern.

Students  nowadays  spend  the  better  part  of  their  time  in  school  on  information

technology  devices			such  as  palmtops,  iPods				and  blackberry.  On   close	enquiry,   one
usually	finds	out	that	they	are	social  networking  with  friends  and		rarely	getting
information  on		their  various  school  courses.  Often times,  information  sought						is  subject		to
the  use  of  technological  media  especially  for  pleasure,  to  while  away								time	and	to
interrelate	with	friends  and		pals	on	Facebook,	twitter  e.t.c. The question this research seeks

to answer is; how has social networking influenced

ROLE OF ANAMBRA BROADCASTING SERVICE IN THE FIGHT AGAINST CULTISM IN NNAMDI AZIKIWE UNIVERSITY AWKA.

Abstract

The study finds out the role of Anambra broadcasting service Awka in the fight against cultism in Nnamdi Azikiwe University. It looks at the degree, causes and ways of curbing cultism as well as its implication on academic and other parts of life on the inhabitants in the campus. Survey method was used to gather some information that helped in putting this project in order which questionnaire was used as the instrument to collect data. Simple random sampling was used to select each element involved in the study giving a total of 100 respondents involved in the study. The findings got from the questionnaire show that Anambra Broadcasting Service are doing a great work in curbing cultism in Nnamdi Azikiwe University. It is recommended that parents, government of the state, law enforcement bodies and staff of Anambra Broadcasting Service should take a giant step forward in helping eradicate cultism in Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka.

2

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

• Background of the Study

It is always a tale of sorrows, tears and blood whenever cult members are on strike. Inorderwords, they have no regard for laws and respect, any Authority or order. In some higher institutions’today,theyhavealmost taken over control of activities even those who tried to cross their bridge were wasted in a terrible manner.

Hanks (2003) in a paper titled “focus on the menace of student c killings on the campus and mass acquiring of dangerous weapons by students for they are

gradually running the university into a theatre of war. In a further emphasis, the writer attributed this act to inadequate parental care that gives rise to such violent groups of people. Instead they are mostly concerned with their businesses leaving their children to attend late night parties, watch pornographic video films, leading to negative values.

Cult members engage in many dangerous acts such as armed robbery, ritual killing, arson, rape, prostitution, drugs, open conflicts, witch-hunting, assassination and host of other deviant behaviors. In recent times, most of the Nnamdi Azikiwe University lecturers and students have been battered upon and utimediated by cult members. Many lives have lost and properties worth millions of naira destroyed. According to Mr. Gabriel Okpalaeze ( head of news department) in Anambra Broadcasting Service Awka presently their managing director asserted, it is estimated that twenty thousand student have been killed since cultism started at the institution in the 1990s. It has equally been projected that absence of any radical action, another four thousand would die in next twenty years.

There is no doubt that many serious minded students and lecturers on campus are under constant fear of being attacked deliberately or mistakenly by members of secret cults.

3

The frequency of cult activities in Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka has become a source of anxiety to educators, religious ministers, students, government, the professionally trained guidance counselors and the general public hence the clarion call from all and sundry to find a lasting solution to cultism among the youths in the university is necessary.

The number of secret cult members in the campus has not only increased but have also become more instruments in recent times. In other words they no longer hide their identities; their activities disrupt academic programs and anger, violence and social disorder as well as threaten the security of lives and property in the school as they operate in broad daylight.

However, the fact still remains that the school was established with the basic aim of producing students who are expected to take over the month of leadership in the nearest future.

To have a balanced education however, can only be given and received in the school with conducive atmosphere that is the school that is not polluted by the activities of secret cult members. Nigeria television authority Awka which performs function like informing, educating, entertaining, educating, entertaining, agenda setting etc need to be employed adequately in the fight against cultism in the school.

• Statement of the Problem

Over the years, activities of the cult in Nnamdi Azikiwe University have created a poor atmosphere that has prevented serious academic activities to be carried out. As a result many serious minded students and lecturers who reside within the school premise are always on fear. The constant fear of cult members in the school has hampered to a large extent the academic pursuit of serious minded students. However in order to resolve this kind of situation, there is need to employ the functional role of television, such is informing, educating and entertaining the populace which will serve as the relevance in this context. Therefore the aim of the study is to examine how Anambra broadcasting service Awka can help to checkmate the activities of cultism in Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka.

• Objectives of the Study

Note: our case study can be change to suit your desire location . we are here for your success.

ORDER NOW

COMPLETE MATERIAL  COST  N2,500 Or $10.  FRESH  PROJECT MATERIAL  COST 50,000 NAIRA FOR UNDERGRADUATE, OTHERS 100,000 -200,000 NAIRA.

THE NATURE AND CONSEQUENCES OF JUVENILE DELINQUENCY IN NIGERIA: A STUDY OF ENUGU NORTH LGA, ENUGU STATE

Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

Note:  We accept bank transfer, ATM cash transfer , Online payment using your ATM , Western union bank transfer.  We will respond to you anytime of the day. 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

CALL OUR  CUSTOMERS CARE  OKEKE CHIDI C ON :  08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE  YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 1 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.   

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE

ROLE OF NA SO I SEE AM PROGRAMME OF INTEGRATION OF THE YORUBA AND EGUN ETHIC GROUPS

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

1.1  INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Communication and culture are intertwined. This lies in the fact that they are relevant to the proper functioning and relationships of the different groups within the society. In this sense, the various ethnic groups can be brought together in common understanding of their differences, uniqueness and similarities particularly through broadcasting. This art of sharing and exchanging of information, ideas and meanings which communication is, is one unique attribute of humans especially when considering the use of verbal and non-verbal (gesture) communication cues as means of achieving this exchange. Agba (2002, p. 247) statescommunicationthatis also“an ideological or cultural creation. Meanings are understood within the context of a people‟staste,

 

values, norms and . philosophyTheMacBridgenerally”‟s1981definescommissio communication thus:Communication maintains and animates life. It is also the motor and

 

expression of social activities and civilization, it leads people from instinct to inspiration, through variegated process and system of enquiry to command and control, it creates a common pool of ideas, strengthens the feelings of togetherness through exchange of messages, and translates thought into action, reflecting every motion and need from the humblest task of human survival to supreme manifestation of creativity or destruction.

 

Communication is very paramount to societal survival. No society exists without an adequate communication system to hold it together. It is an interaction process groups relate to each other and share information, experiences and culture. The whole essence of communication however is to meet the information needs of the people hence; communication is not an end itself. It is an elemental social process on which all other social process depends as a social technique. Without communication, there are no inter-stimulations among people; people will not have common meanings of things and there will be no action that could provide information. Due to the expansion of societal needs, the usage of communication at the interpersonal level was further expanded to accommodate mass communication, hence today there is mass communication as the dissemination of messages through the mass media of communication to a large diverse and heterogeneous audiences. Defleur and Dennis (1991) see mass communication

as “a process in whichrsuse theprofessionalmassmediatodisseminatemessagescommunica widely, rapidly and continuously to arouse intended meanings in large and diverse audiences in

 

attempts to influence them in a variety of way.”Okunna (1999,p.7) says that “it canno place in a face to face situation because it tools of mass communication is the electronic or broadcast media which concerns itself with the

 

dissemination of electronic means of messages via the air-waves.

 

 

The whole essence of broadcasting therefore is to create a forum for the immediate and continued exchange of commonalities and meanings in National communication needs. This in turn is expected to bring about integration especially in multicultural society like ours in Nigeria. The broadcast media of which radio is an intrinsic part was designed to be a companion, sharing useful information that could help knit the fabric of society closer as well as promote socio-cultural, economic cum political gains for the people. Due to this important factor, the broadcast media are seen as veritable tools required in the mobilization and integration into the mainstream of governance. Where there exist programmes using both audio and visual signals while radio is restricted to the dissemination of audio messages only designed to help men satisfy his various needs and also to promote togetherness among people through its lofty and well packaged programmes.

Broadcasting has continued to serve as a tool for national development as it helps in creating awareness of the various cultural entities in Nigeria. One of the areas which broadcasting has been successfully used as a National integration tool is the area of cultural diffusion. To promote culture implies telling the Nigerian people about the richness of the various cultures that exist in our society and environment in terms of cultural heritage.

 

Brief History Of The Yoruba People

 

 

The Yoruba people occupy the south western part of Nigeria. They account for about 20% of the population of the country. They are a religious group of people who are mainly Christians, Muslims or of traditional beliefs. The Yoruba people have different stories about their origin but

 

they all relate to the same ancestorOduduwa”. “One of theOduduwastoriesthefather has of the Yorubas was sent by God from heaven accompanied by his lieutenants and landed at the

 

Ile Ife, where he proceeded with his mission. The chain with which he landed onto earth is still said to exist in the shrine though it is said to be hidden from profane eyes.

 

The Yoruba people occupy the states Ondo, Oyo, Osun, Lagos, Ogun and Ekiti and some parts of Kwara and Edo states respectively. Some of the prominent works of the Yoruba people are in the field of art, where the works that come out of them compete favourably with that of ancient Greece and Rome. Regardless of their origin, the Yoruba people of Nigeria have proved themselves to be a people of a dynamic culture and tradition.

Brief History Of The Egun People.

Badagry was established in 1425 AD and was established by a farmer whose farm stretched across the lagoon called Agbede. Agbede in Egun language implies Agbedegreme but this was later changed to Agbadarigi by the Yoruba alien of the south west Nigeria and later to Badagry by the European slave. The main language of the people is Egun language. Slave trade occurred in Badagry in the early 16^th century to the late 18^th century (for about 300 years) by the European slave dealers and this has made the town a tourists attraction where tourists from all over the world visit every day.

 

Brief History Of Murhi International Television

 

 

MITV is one of the first eleven private Television stations in Nigeria licensed by the NBC and the federal government as far back as 1993/94 during the Babangida regime when the broadcast industry was deregulated.

 

MITV began commercial transmission on the 12^th of August 1996 and since then have been on air consistently.

 

MITV inspite of the encumbrances of public service bureaucracy has been able to sustain its frontline position especially in terms of crystal clear signals as well as content that conforms to international standards in the contemporary television industry.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

4

 

1.2  Statement Of Research Problem

 

 

Despite the fact that the Yoruba and Egun ethnic groups in Lagos state live together they still have some cultural differences between them which sometimes seem to bring some inter-crisis

 

between them. Therefore this study seeks to answer t programme of MITV Lagos state been able to integrate the two ethnic groups.

 

In this study, the researcher intends   to   discussNasoI seetheAm”programmerole ofof   “

 

MITV Lagos state in the integration of the two ethnic groups.

 

 

 

 

 

 

1.3  Objectives Of The Study

 

 

The objectives

 

Note: our case study can be change to suit your desire location . we are here for your success.

ORDER NOW

COMPLETE MATERIAL  COST  N2,500 Or $10.  FRESH  PROJECT MATERIAL  COST 50,000 NAIRA FOR UNDERGRADUATE, OTHERS 100,000 -200,000 NAIRA.

THE NATURE AND CONSEQUENCES OF JUVENILE DELINQUENCY IN NIGERIA: A STUDY OF ENUGU NORTH LGA, ENUGU STATE

Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

Note:  We accept bank transfer, ATM cash transfer , Online payment using your ATM , Western union bank transfer.  We will respond to you anytime of the day. 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

CALL OUR  CUSTOMERS CARE  OKEKE CHIDI C ON :  08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE  YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 1 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.   

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE

INFLUENCE OF NEWS CENSORSHIP ON THE PERFORMANCE OF MEDIA HOUSES IN NIGERIA

(A STUDY OF NASARAWA BROADCASTING SERVICE, LAFIA)

 

 

Table of Content

 

 

 

Title page                                                                                                                          i

 

Declaration                                                                                                                        ii

 

Certification Page                                                                                                              iii

 

Dedication                                                                                                                           v

 

Acknowledgement                                                                                                              vi

 

Table of Content                                                                                                                vii

 

List of Content                                                                                                                   x

 

Abstract                                                                                                                              xi

 

 

 

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1	Background of the Study	1
1.2	Statement of the Problem	3
1.3	Objectives of the Study	3
1.4	Research Question	4
1.5	Scope of the Study	4
1.6	Significance of the Study	4
1.7	Operational Definition of Terms	5

 

 

 

CHAPTER TWO: LITERAURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction	6
2.2 Review of concepts	6
2.2.1 The concept of censorship	6
2.2.2 The concept of mass media	13

 

2.2.3 The concept of news	15
2.3. Review of related studies	17
2.4.Theoretical framework	19
2.5 Summary	20

 

 

 

CHAPTER THREE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATIONS
3.1 Introduction		21
3.2	Research Design	21
3.3	Population of the Study	21
3.4	Sampling Technique/ Sampling	21
3.5	Description of the Research Instrument	22
3.6	Validity of data Gathering Instrument	22
3.7	Method of Data Collection	22
3.8	Method of Data Analysis	22

 

 

 

CHAPTER FOUR; DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
4.1 Introduction		23
4.2	Data Presentation and Analysis	24
4.3	Discussion of Findings	38
CHAPER FIVE; SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Introduction		44
5.2	Summary of Findings	44
5.3	Conclusion	45
5.4	Recommendations	45
5.5	Suggestion for Further Studies	45

 

References	46
Appendix A	47
Appendix B	48

 

LIST OF TABLES
DEMOGRAPHIC DATA TABLES
Table 1; Demographic Data on Sex	24
Table 2; Age range	24
Table 3; Marital status	25
Table 4; Educational qualifications	25
Table 5; How long have you worked in Nasarawa Broadcasting Service	26
Table 6; what cadre are you	27
Data from survey table
Table 7; meaning of censorship	28
Table 8; is censorship practiced in Nasarawa Broadcasting Service?	28
Table 9; to what extent is news censored in NasarawaBroadcasting Service?	29
Table 10; what form of news censorship is practiced in Nasarawa Broadcasting service?	30
Table 11; which of the following measures have you experienced?	30
Table 12; what is the reason given for news censorship in your organization?	31
Table 13; what do you think encourages news censorship am0ng journalist?	32
Table 14; do you think news censorship can affect the performance of a media house?	33
Table 15; if yes, how?	33

 

Table 16; Does news censorship in whatever form practiced influence objectivity, accuracy and

balance in news	34
Table 17; how does news censorship influence news objectivity accuracy and balance?	35
Table 18; has news censorship influence your performance in anyway?	35
Table 19; if yes, in what way?	36
Table 20; In the long run what will be the effect of this social phenomenon?	36

 

Table 21; would you suggest that news censorship should not be practiced no matter the reasons

 

given?	37
Table 22; what steps should be taken to minimize news censorship?	38

 

Abstract

 

The aim of this study was to analysis the influence of News Censorship on the Performance of Media Houses in Nigeria. The aim of this study was achieved using the survey research method. Subjects were drawn from staff of Nasarawa Broadcasting service using the purposive sampling technique. Five research questions were used in the study. The findings of the study showed that, news censorship has negative influence on the performance media houses, news objectivity, accuracy and balance and on reporters and editors. However, recommendations were by the researchers that reporters and editors should be given the freedom to gather and disseminate news without prior and post censorship and self-censorship for the interest of the public and for news objectivity, accuracy and balance; which should be priority of every media house. However, this freedom should be matched with maximum responsibility to ensure continuous public and government trust in the media. The researcher suggested that further study should be made using more refined tools, larger sample size and another geographical area that will give the study a wider scope and empirical lift.

 

CHAPTER ONE

 

 

INTRODUCTION

 

 

1.1 Background of the study

 

 

The primary function of the mass media is to provide information, escapism, and entertainment, give self-worth and link different societies to other societies. (Ndolo, 2006).In any country, the media is expected to be the voice of the voiceless and to seek justice, which is the true nature of journalism.

 

The media, in the performance of its duty is expected to be neutral, objective and balanced. However, achieving this has proven to be difficult due to some factors, the most significant of all, being censorship of the media.

 

In Nigeria, as well as other developing countries, freedom is still elusive based on historical information. The media began without any definite statutory control. For instance, the first

 

documented newspaper „IweIroyin (1859)‟ was p regulating the activities of publishers. Although this unregulated situation did not remain

 

unchecked as the government grew increasingly unsettled by media content. It experienced occasional interruption by the then colonial government. This unrest increased with the emergence of nationalist papers and the need for media independence became inevitable.

 

Since the attainment of independence in 1960, the mass media have been attributed to extra-legal control measures imposed on them to restrict their social responsibilities. It was more felt during the military regime.

 

 

Since 1999, the role the media played in ushering in democracy cannot be over-emphasized as they helped to inform, educate and serve as watchdog over the society. In spite of this, it is obvious that the disposition of the society towards the media have not been favourable. Hence, there is need for this research, to find out the extent and influence of news censorship on the performance of media.

 

Historical Background of Nasarawa Broadcasting Service

 

 

In 1959, when the then premier of Western region of Nigeria established a broadcasting station. It has become the practice in Nigeria for states to own their broadcasting stations. Desirous of the need to provide social service by way of educating, enlightening, entertaining and informing the general public of government programmes and activities, the Nasarawa State government enacted an Edict No 19 of 1998, establishing Nasarawa Broadcasting Service NBS.

 

Nasarawa Broadcasting Service had its pioneers staff deployed from Plateau Radio and

 

Television (PRTV) Jos. The station‟s name was by the first military administrator Late Wing Commander Abdullah Ibrahim. Nasarawa

 

Broadcasting Service started transmission in February 1997 at the temporary state secretariat along Shendam Road Lafia.

 

Nasarawa Broadcasting Service is a two in one broadcast outfit (Radio and Television) and operates on a 2kilowatts transmitter (Itelco product) supplied by Kris OnyeKwuluje of Lagos. Nasarawa Broadcasting Service was found to be using the same frequency as Hot 93.5 FM in Abuja and was letter changed to 97.1 FM by NBC in 1997.

 

• Statement of the Problem

 

 

In many countries of the world, particularly the developing countries, the media have freedom to publish or broadcast whatever is in the best interest of the society. In developing countries like Nigeria, despite the fact that it has several laws, especially Section 39 Sub-Section

 

(1) of 1999 constitution, which gave right to the media and stipulates that:

 

 

“Every                person   shall   be   entitled   to   f

 

 

Including freedom to hold opinions and to receive and

 

 

Impact                                                              ideas   and   information   without

 

 

 

Inspite of what the constitution has stipulated, government and other influential individuals still infringe on those rights and hinder the delivery of news objectivity. The question this study seeks to answer is, how has news censorship by government influence the performance of Nasarawa State Broadcasting Service?

 

• Objectives of the Study

 

 

Note: our case study can be change to suit your desire location . we are here for your success.

ORDER NOW

COMPLETE MATERIAL  COST  N2,500 Or $10.  FRESH  PROJECT MATERIAL  COST 50,000 NAIRA FOR UNDERGRADUATE, OTHERS 100,000 -200,000 NAIRA.

THE NATURE AND CONSEQUENCES OF JUVENILE DELINQUENCY IN NIGERIA: A STUDY OF ENUGU NORTH LGA, ENUGU STATE

Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
 Account Number:  0117780667. 
Swift Code: GTBINGLA 
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar. 

Note:  We accept bank transfer, ATM cash transfer , Online payment using your ATM , Western union bank transfer.  We will respond to you anytime of the day. 

OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.

CALL OUR  CUSTOMERS CARE  OKEKE CHIDI C ON :  08074466939,08063386834.

AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO

08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE  YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 1 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.

WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.   

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE