THE ROLE OF BROADCAST MEDIA IN MOBILIZING WOMEN FOR POLITICAL PARTICIPATION

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ABSTRACT

The low rate of female participation in politics compared to that of their male counter- parts in Nigeria creates a need to examine the situation in this study, “The role of broadcast media in mobilizing women for political participation in Nigeria”. This study examines the problems, first, defining the importance of women to participate in politics. The survey research method was employed in this study and questionnaires were used for data collection, then the hypotheses were tested using chi-square statistical procedure to reach a definite conclusion. The results reflect that broadcast media have positive impact in mobilizing women to participate in politics. In summary, broadcast media is found wanting in fostering development for gender equality in politics. In recommendations, suggestion of ways to stimulate female participation was made by looking at practical examples of how this was done in the pre-colonial era. Finally, in conclusion, the study emphasizes that no sex or gender is more important than the other because in politics, intellectual ability counts more than physical energy.

			Title page
			Approval page	Ii
			Dedication	Iii
			Acknowledgements	Iv
			Table of contents	V
			Abstract	Vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS       CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study 1 1.2 Statement of Research Problem 1 1.3 Objectives of the Study 6 1.4 Significance of the Study 8 1.5 Research Questions 11 1.6 Research Hypotheses 12 1.7 Definition of Terms 15 1.8 Assumptions of the Study 16 1.9 Limitations of the Study 17   References 18   CHAPTER TWO 2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Sources of Literature 18 2.2 The Review of Relevant Literature 18 2.2.1 Women in Pre-Colonial Era in Nigeria 19 2.2.2 Discussions on Gender and Politics 23 2.2.3 Early     Female Politicians and their Achievements 24 2.2.4 Factors Affecting Female Participation in Politics 26 2.2.5 Attitude of Broadcast Media to Nigerian Women 29 2.2.6 Attitude of Nigerian Women to Broadcast Media 32 2.3 Theoretical Frame Work 35 2.4 Summary of Literature Review 37 References 39   CHAPTER THREE 3.0 RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY 41 3.1 Research Design 41 3.2 Area of Study 41 3.3 Population of the Study 42 3.4 Research Sample and Sampling Technique 42 3.5 Instrument for Data Collection 43 3.6 Validity of Instrument 43 3.7 Method of Data Collection 44 3.8 Method of Data Analysis 44 References   45 CHAPTER FOUR   46 4.0 PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA 4.1 Data Presentation and Analysis 46 4.2 Test of Hypotheses 57 4.3 Discussion of Findings 62 References 64   CHAPTER FIVE 5.0 Summary, Conclusion and Recommendations for Further Studies 65 5.1 Summary 65 5.2 Conclusion 65 5.3 Recommendation for Further Studies 69 References 70 Bibliography 72 Appendix ‘A’ 76 Appendix ‘B’ 77			CHAPTER ONE
			INTRODUCTION
			Background of the Study	1
			Statement of Research Problem	1
			Objectives of the Study	6
			Research Questions	11
			Research Hypotheses	12
			Definition of Terms	15
			Assumptions of the Study	16
			Limitations of the Study	17
			References   CHAPTER TWO	18
			LITERATURE REVIEW
			Sources of Literature
			CHAPTER THREE
			RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
			Method of Data Analysis	44
			References	45
			CHAPTER FOUR	46
			PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

        Women constitute a critical segment of the Nigeria population. They are active in the agriculture and economic sectors of the society and have also contributed immensely to the decolonization and general development of this great country.

Women struggles date back to the 19^th century when women like Amina of Zaria, Madam Tinubu of Lagos, Olufuamilayo Ransom Kute of Abeokuta, Margaret Ekpo and Hajji Gabon Swabia among others fought to give women the pride of place in Nigeria’s history even after the struggle for independence was over and Nigeria became an independent soveign nation, women continued to contribute their quota in the post- independence match towards development and progress. In the areas of politics, the above named amongst others contributed immensely to the mobilization and sensitization of women with a view to ensuring that women are involved in the politics of the country.

At present, the issues pertaining to women have contributed to draw a global attention with the result that the problems that impede their progress are currently being addressed concretely. Consequently, the crusted for women empowerment has heightened the political consciousness of women. Some of them occupy strategic positions in government where they have continued to prove their mettle. For instance Dora Akunyili, Oby Ezekwesili of Due process Fame, Ndi Okereke Onyilike and Ngozi Okonji Iweala among others has undoubtedly distinguished themselves in their official assignments.

The role of women in development has for a long been taken for granted and relegated to the back ground. For a long time, politics in Nigeria has been played with the usual patronizing attitude which usually does not go far in enlightening women. Some of the factors employed are social and cultural practices which hither to have been misinterpreted to create biases against women. There is need for women to be properly oriented so that their numerical strength and voting power can be profitably galvanized and oriented towards empowerment of other women who will in turn look after the welfare of all women by formulating gender sensitive laws to promote women’s cause.

What is really the meaning of politics? Various scholars resulting in different views of politics have defined it as the art of possible, a game of wits, all that begins and ends with government. Politics is essentially the art and science of government. That is, the study of the control, distribution and use of power over human activities in society.

The word politics is derived from the Greek word Polis, which means “city state”. Winter and bellows (1968) pointed out that Aristotle (384-322 Bc) in his treatise on human associations stated that the most sovereign inclusive association is the polis which presupposes the establishment of government, law- making, enforcement and eliciting obedience from the members of the society. Aristotle observed that man is by nature, political animal. This means that politics permeates all human actitivities. It manifests in social, economic and cultural intersections among individual and groups and transcends international frontiers.

The obvious maneuver associated with the concept and practice of politics influenced the emergence of the Laswellian theory of politics, which states that politics is who gets what and how (Laswellian 1958).

The Nairobi world conference to review and appraise the achievements of the UN Decade for women in 1985, and the Beijing fourth world conference on women in 1995, both had top on their agenda issues concerning women and the media. These conference brought to the fore the importance of the media in the quest for gender equity in development, despite there international conferences and polices aimed at gender friendliness however, women’s participation in Nigerian politics is undermined by the way the media represents politics as an exclusively male domain.

Contemporary experiences have shown that broad- cast media is important to the political development of nations. Broadcast is not only a means of teaching, sensitizing and transmitting message on issues of development, but also crucial to the process of development. Considering the fact that broadcast is increasingly being used world-wide with its power of reaching a large mass of audience, it should not be ignored in the political scheme of things. This might account for why Nwankwo (1996: XI) said that, ‘one vital factor in the pursuit of gender equality in politics is the media’.

The aim here is not just to critically analyze the impact of broadcast media in the quest for a gender equitable polity, but to also turn the searchlight of feminists and media scholars to broadcast with regard to gender and politics. Thus, the focus is on the gender dimension of broadcast and the quest for a gender equitable polity.

It is here posited that broadcast media could significantly influence the acceleration and acceptable of women in politics.

1.2   STATEMENT OF RESEARCH PROBLEM

        It is not a hidden fact that women are under represented in the field of politics. This may be because of the basic assumption that “a women’s place is in the kitchen”. In other words, her home duties and family responsibilities should be her sole priority, thereby underling her active participation in national development in general.

Another assumption militating against female participation is that,female is biologically not designed for energy exerting and hazardous occupation. This argument may not be true because, with the age of automation and revolution in decision making intellectual ability counts more than physical energy.

THE ROLE OF TELEVISION IN POLITICAL PERSUASION
A CASE STUDY OF NTA KADUNA

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ABSTRACT

The role of Television in Political persuasion/Mobilization has been described as the role which television must play. This project will critically examine the level to which television can aid Political persuasion in Nigeria and to achieve unity in diversity. It will also assess the impact of television message on individuals in the society.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction –  –      –      –      –      –      –      –      –      –      1

Aims and Objective –       –      –      –      –      –      –      –      3

Scope of study         –      –      –      –      –      –      –      –

Limitation of study   –      –      –      –      –      –      –      –

Brief history of case study       –      –      –      –      –      –

Definition of terminology –      –      –      –      –      –      –

Television Message –        –      –      –      –      –      –      –      5

Television and the Society-      –      –      –      –      –      –      7

Relative Importance of Television of the Society –   –      –      8

The role of Television (NTA Kaduna) in Political Persuasion         10

Functional responsibilities of NTA Kaduna        –      –      –

Summary –      –      –      –      –      –      –      –      –      –        18

Conclusion –     –      –      –      –      –      –      –      –      –        19

Recommendation –   –      –      –      –      –      –      –      –        21

Reference –     –      –      –      –      –      –      –      –      –        24

 

INTRODUCTION

Mass communication is defined as message directed towards a large group people using a mass medium. It involves disseminating information to a large and widely dispersed audience mass communication is made possible through the help of mass media. That is to say mass media makes mass communication a reality mass media include television, radio newspaper magazines etc.

Researchers in mass communication were interested in knowing how specific massage; channels and sources could produce changes in attitude of behaviours. This was the natural outgrowth of the way mass communication research have developed from the 1920s fueled by public fear of the media, along with anxious politicians, eager advertiser, crusading social engineers and others watching to see the massive reach of the media; “to get their message across” quickly and efficiently. Government, military and corporate funding sources played an important role in the decision of those working within the field to take the direction. The goal was to determine what kind of persuasive message could be used most effectively in mobilizations of various kind political, advertising, public health, economic, educational, military and so on.

Recent changes to the technologies of both the print and electronic media, and in particular the medium of television have already begun to fragment media audience and transform the relationship between media and the nation (masses)

Therefore the utilization of the media in mobilization and persuasion is very crucial because the broadcast media, particularly the television has become the major sources of information dissemination over the years, and also the major means and most effective tools for political persuasion in Nigeria.

The ability of television to mobilize and persuade the people to behave in a given manner and to perform certain actions has merit an effective tool for political persuasion because it can send sound and picture simultaneously to a large and widely disposal audience, and it is captivating and dramatic in nature. Television appeals to the sense of sight and sound; it is comprehensive technique and the combination of audio and visual colours and motion. It has the ability to capture the interest of most viewers. That is why government and other private bodies give much attention to it. The media (television) serves as an intermediary between the government and the people because it assists the government in getting its plans and policies across to the people and the people in return gets their response, feeling and plight back to the government.

After many years of military rule in Nigeria, democracy became a much needed endeavour and television serves as a major tools through which the people were fully information education, enlightened, mobilized and persuaded to activity participate in the decision making in the country during transition period.

Television and NTA Kaduna to a large extend help in making the people in Nigeria to get all the political awareness, and it mobilize the people to both contest election and be voted for, or to vote for a candidate of their choice as an electorate. The importance of television in order to ensure a successful transition in Nigeria cannot be under estimated. Television really plays a key role in political persuasion in Nigeria.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The main objectives of this study is to stress the role or importance of television in political persuasion and outline its effectiveness in political mobilization and persuasion during transitionship and the importance television in the society and the effect and acceptability of television messages

THE ROLE OF TELEVISION IN ELECTORAL IN NIGERIA (NTA )

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1.1     INTRODUCTION:

Historically, television broadcasting in Nigeria has been use as a medium of communication that seeks to enrich the life of average Nigerian by influencing positively its social, cultural, economic, political and technological thinking. It also provide news and information about national issues. Beside this, it serves as a source of entertainment. Television broadcasting promotes cultural awareness and seek to preserve Nigeria’s rich culture. Through this medium artistic and intellectual creativity are developed. There for all programmes and coverages are audience oriented and guided by the nations’s social, political, moral, cultural, scientific, education and economic goals.

In contemporary times television is use as a tool in disseminating information to the people about the electoral process. Such enlightenment are meant to educate voters and members of the society about electioneering campaigns and other issues related to it. The television is been used as an instrument by politicians to advertise themselves to the electorates. Jingles, advert placement, political debates, electoral enlightenment are all done through the television. Other political progammes such as focus Nigeria aired on AIT network, Kakaaki and democratic license are all geared towards the education and political enlightenment of the Nigerian electorates. Television broadcasting in electoral education have become inevitable in Nigeria’s political system. This is plausibly correct because political and electoral programmes have recently become the democratic watchdog of our political system, criticism, debates and discontents are all channeled through television.

To this end the role of television in electoral education cannot be over emphasized, as it remained one of the viable option towards the monitoring of our electoral system.

2.1     HISTORICAL OF CASE STUDY

In February 1962, the broadcasting company of Northern Nigeria otherwise known as BCNN was born. It was commissioned on 15^th March, 1962 BCNN was established by the premier of the then Narrate Region, the Sarduana of Sokoto, late Sir Ahmadu Bello. He wanted a medium through which he could sell his government’s publicities and bring development to the whole of the North. The station started in monochrome. In 1963 the RTK (Radio Television Kaduna) arms was established, the combination was known and still remained as RTK (Radio Television Kaduna).

The Television arm was excised from the former Broadcasting Corporation of Northern Nigeria (BCNN) with Decree No. 24 of May, 1977 which while took effect retrospectively from 1^st April 1976.

The station has two (2) 10kw transmitters; Larcan Transmitter installed in April, 1994 and Rhodes and Schwarz (R&S) installed in year 2000, both are located at No. 99 Isa Kaita Road Kaduna.

2.2     DEPARTMENT

News Department: The News Department is responsible for news and current affairs programmes. It is statutorily vested with the responsibility of gathering and broadcasting news from all sources within the country.

Engineering Department: The department is responsible for the maintenance of all equipment and daily transmission of programmes. As a zonal centre, it contributes to transmission of network programmes. It is equipped to cover and transmit live programmes from any location within the zone.

Administration Department: The Department is the Human Resource/personnel arm of the station. It is in charge of policy interpretation and implication.

         

Financial Department: The finance department manage the finances of the station.

Marketing Department: The marketing department is responsible for the marketing activities of the station.

2.3     GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION

Kaduna zonal centre is geographically located in the North central zone of the country. It is located in the heart of the city at No. 7 Yakubu Gowon/independency way, Kaduna. The premises is shared with the federal Radio corporation of Nigeria. The transmitters are located at No. 99 Isa Kaita Road. The station has two transmitters.

Larcan transmitter with 10 kw power. Rhodes and Scharz wth 10 kw power. No. 99 Isa Kaita Road was intended to house the satellite Balloon project.

2.4     NETWORK CENTRES

The Kaduna Network centre, is made up of: NTA Jos, Kaduna, Kano, Katsina and Dutse.

For more extensive coverage of the state, three (3) Local Government stations were established at Kafanchan, Zaria and Birnin Gwari.

The three sub-stations are fully functional and presently transmitting its signals to towns and villages in the area of location.

THE ROLE OF ADVERTISING IN BRAND BUILDING (CASE STUDY OF NIGERIA BOTTLING COMPANY)

CHAPTER ONE

1.1   Background of the Study

There are numerous definition of advertising, there is no one generally accepted definition due to its wide nature.

For Albert Lasker, who has been labeled the father of modern advertising “Advertising is salesmanship in Print” he could be right based on the fact that he gave this definition when all adverts were in print. (Arems Williams 2009, Pg. 3)

Frank Jefkins (2007; Pg. 17) min his book “Advertising Made Simple”, says “advertising is the most persuasive possible selling message to the right prospects for the product or service at the lowest possible cost”.

Olu Falemo (2007; Pg. 18), defined advertising as “mainly pad communication, the ultimate aim in which is to make the target audience form  a good image about a product or services and induce action beneficial to the advertiser in the form of sale or product or services”

For the purpose of this study however, advertising in my own words “is a form of communication for marketing which is used to encourage, persuade or manipulate on audience (viewers, readers, listeners, or sometimes a specific group) to continue to take some new action.

Advertising however, in this study would be considered to include all above the line and below the line advertising. Above the line advertising refers to: advertising exposed through the major media such as radio, television and billboards. On the other hand, below the line advertising has to do with advertising done on such thing as: bulletins, calendar, T-shirt, caps, gift item and other point of sales materials. (kieval J. kumar 2008 Pg. 117-120).

Advertising as defined by the advertising practitioners council of Nigeria (APCON) “is a form of communication through the media about product, services or ideas paid for by an identified sponsor withthe aim of imparting information about the product, services or opinion. (APCON, 2005; PP 17-20).

Advertising can be considered an institution within the social, ethnical, economic and legal environment. Some would argue that the institute exercises social control but has a social responsibility making people accept what advertising offers rather than giving the complete information on all that is available (David Schmer, 2002 Pg. 8). However, advertising’s purpose is to promotethe sale or use of goods and services.

The conception of brand has marked a turning point in business whether its regard as brands identify, brand equity, or brand loyalty (Hart and Murphy, 2008 pg. 12). The brand now places a first impression in the product market. It set what people consider and also determines whether the business will succeed or even fail. A brand therefore is the most important part of the business because the success of brand is identical to the business success.

A brand is not a product. It is more prominent than a product itself. It leads company in the way to differentiate product from competitors. The competition in specific direction is the key issue that brand is facing nowadays. Thus brand is a challenge for the company to become globally competitive in this globalization zone. (kafferer 2007, pg. 18).

In essence, it is safe to say a brand is a name or trademark connected with a product or producer. Brands have become increasingly important components of culture and the economy, now being described as “Cultural accessories and personal philosophies”.

A brand is a product, service or concept that is publicly distinguished from other products, services, or concept so that it can easily communicated and usually marketed. Branding is the process of creating and disseminating the brand name. Branding can be applied to the entire corporate identity as well as to individual product and service names.

For an organization to achieve its set target it must attempt to effectively manage the element of marketing mix, product, price, place and promotion activity is part of the communication elements (Michelle 2008, Pg 12). Advertising is intended to make the product known to the consumers. It is used to inform the consumers’ original impression about the product.

There is therefore an argent need for the manufacturer to centrally reveal what the people (consumer) want (product) how they want such a product or service. They are willing to buy such product.

1.2   STATEMENT TO THE PROBLEM

Advertising is one of the marketing mix, its primary purpose is the promotion of service or product values. But a number of questions have been raised as to its contribution to business growth. There has always been a raging controversy and contention as to whether advertising is an unnecessary cost or a value investment. Critics of advertising see it as an unavailable investment that yields no dividends, while the patron saints believe that it is a paramount tool of marketing as regards promotional strategy, which if well applied, could share up sales volume and increase profitably. (Josef 2000; Pg. 20).

In essence, this study intends to find out the link between advertising and brand building in our modern day society.

1.3   OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The utmost of any manufacturer or marketer in employing advertising is to communicate a well defined message which will help

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THE NATURE AND CONSEQUENCES OF JUVENILE DELINQUENCY IN NIGERIA: A STUDY OF ENUGU NORTH LGA, ENUGU STATE

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IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON MODERN JOURNALISM
(A STUDY OF JOURNALISTS IN MAKURDI METROPOLIS)

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study 1
1.2 Statement of the Problem 4
1.3 Objectives of the Study 4
1.4 Research Questions 5
1.5 Research Hypothesis 5
1.6 Scope of the Study 5
1.7 Significance of the Study 5
1.8 Operational Definition of Significant Terms 6
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction 7
2.2 Review of Concepts 7
2.2.1 Concept of Social Media 7
2.2.2 Concept of Media 12
2.2.3 Concept of Journalism 15
2.2.4 Concept of Modern Journalism 16
2.3 Review of Related Studies 20
2.4 Theoretical Framework 23
2.5 Summary 25
vii
CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Introduction 26
3.2 Research Design 26
3.3 Population of the Study 26
3.4 Sample Size and Sampling Technique 27
3.5 Description of the Research Instrument 27
3.6 Validity of Data Gathering Instrument 28
3.7 Method of Data Collection 28
3.8 Method of Data Analysis 28
CHAPTER FOUR: DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
4.1 Introduction 30
4.2 Data Presentation and Analysis 30
4.3 Hypothesis Testing 41
4.4 Discussion of Findings 42
CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Introduction 47
5.2 Summary of Findings 47
5.3 Conclusion 47
5.4 Recommendations 48
5.5 Suggestions for Further Studies 49
References 50
Appendix A 52
Appendix B

Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the impact of social media on modern journalism in Makurdi metropolis. To achieve this aim, the survey research method and chi-square were used. Subjects were drawn from journalists in Makurdi metropolis in Benue State, using the purposive sampling technique. Three research questions and one alternative hypothesis guided the study. Research findings showed that social media have enhanced the productivity of journalists in Makurdi metropolis and a great number of journalists use them to source for news among other things. To this end, the researcher recommended that journalists should carry out a research on the available social media tools in order to identify reliable and trustworthy social networking sites and use them to discharge their journalistic duties. The researcher suggested that further studies should be carried out on the role of social media in sustaining democracy, advertising, public relations and public opinion polls.

CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
A century and half ago, communication between countries involved physical presence. Once, a reporter had to run as fast as possible back to the newsroom after interviewing and tried to beat the competition to print. With the advent of the digital age the role of the journalist changed. The inception of information communication technology such as the internet has made it possible to find out about events without actually being there. Journalists can report news across the world over the internet.
Throughout history, developments in technology and communication have gone hand-in-hand, and the latest technological developments such as the internet have resulted in the advancement of the science of communication to a new level. The process of human communication has evolved over the years, with many path- breaking inventions and discoveries heralding revolutions. The invention of pictographs or the first written communication in the ancient world brought about written communication. These writings were on stone, and remained immobile. The invention of paper, papyrus and wax, culminating in the invention of the printing press in the 15th century made possible transfer of documents from one place to another, allowing for uniformity of languages over long distances. The latest revolution is the widespread application of electronic technology such as electronic waves and signals to communication, manifesting in the electronic creation and transfer of documents over the World Wide Web (www.wikipediathefreeencyclopedia.com)
Social media which are a form of electronic communication have become the highest activity on the internet. They refer to social networking websites developed to specifically
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help people share their views and stay in touch with their friends, relatives and well-wishers.According to Wikipedia, social media represents a shift in how people discover, read and share news, information content which brought about the democratization of information, transforming people from content readers into publishers.Social media are also internet sites where people interact freely, sharing and discussing information about each other and their lives, using a multi-media mix of personal words, pictures, videos and audio (Bruce and Douglas; 2008, p.27). In order to broaden our knowledge on the topic of study, a brief history of social media will be discussed below.
In the early 1990s, chat rooms and bulletin boards were forms of social media; in that they helped people connect with others and share interests.A little later,dating sites hooked together those looking for partners, and Classmate.com.let people connect with people they had known in high school and college.In the early 2000s, a site called Friendster was set up where people invited their friends to join and in turn, those friends invited other friends.The site was popular for a while but it suffered from technical difficulties and fake profiles and began losing members.Some of those members went to MySpace,which had actually started in 1999 but became better known in 2003.Its roots are a little muddy because it received financial and logistical support from another company called eUniverse, and most of the early users were eUniverse employees but Tom Anderson and Chris DeWolfe are given credit for much of the innovations and success of the site which built up to 115 million users worldwide. Members post bios, photos, blogs, videos, and other things that strike their fancy, and some TV programmes to air on MySpace. In 2005, Rupert Murdoch‟s News Corporation (parent of Fox Broadcasting) bought MySpace for 580 million dollars. A competitor to MySpace, Facebook was started in 2004 by Mark Zuckerberg while he was a student at Harvard University; it grew up rapidly about 2007. At first Facebook was solely for college and high school students, but Zuckerberg opened it to everyone and like
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MySpace, it encourages all types of member postings (Lynn Gross, 2010). Apart from the above mentioned social media tools,there are also others. These include; Twitter, YouTube, BlackBerry Messenger, Flickr, Word Press, Blogger, Badoo, Live Journal, Wikipedia, Type Pad, Second Life, Lulu, and many others. All these social media appear in many forms including blogs and microblogs, forums, and message boards, social networks, wikis, virtual worlds, social bookmarking, tagging and news, writing communities, digital storytelling and scrapbooking, data, content, image, video sharing, podcast portals and collective intelligence.
Journalism on the other hand is the deliberate and conscious efforts to gather information, collating and analyzing data for the purpose of informing, educating, and entertaining the people with a view of making an appropriate decision (Qasim Akinreti; 2007). Journalism is also an investigation and reporting events, issues and trends to a large audience. Though there are many variations of journalism, the ideal is to inform the intended audience about topics ranging from government and business organizations to cultural aspects of society such as arts and entertainment. The field of journalism include; editing, photojournalism and documentary (www.Wikipediathefreeencyclopedia.com).
1.2 Statement of the Problem
The impact of social media in today‟s world of communication, especially journalism cannot be over-looked. Since its arrival social media have certainly changed the way journalists work, how stories are developed and disseminated. Social media have had positive impacts, without doubt, but there are also concerns about their impact on productivity and the disruption it could have on journalists‟ working patterns. Social media have created a dependency among those working in the media and many are unable to do without them.
Social media have become journalistic lexicon and it seems sourcing information has overtaken self-promotion as a primary social activity. While journalists are growing more…

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