THE EFFECT OF BULLYING ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF STUDENTS IN SELECTED SECONDARY SCHOOLS.

 

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ABSTRACT
The project consist of five (5) chapters among the important content of chapter one include the introduction, background to the study, statement of problems, limitation of t he study, definition of terms and purposes of study. All these are some of the important issues discussed in the chapter. Chapter two was devoted to literature review, where different theories were put to proper explanation. Such theories as developmental theory and other theories. Facts and figures of bullying were also included in this chapter. Chapter three focuses on methodology of data gathered. Chapter four dealt on the analysis of data and interpretation of results, while chapter five dealt with the conclusion, summary, and recommendations.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1      BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

In schools, bullying occurs in all areas. It can occur in nearly any part in or around the school building, thought it more often occurs in recess, hallways, bathrooms, on school buses and waiting for buses, classes that require group work or after school activities. Bullying in school sometimes consist of a group of students taking advantage of or isolating one student in particular and gaining the loyalty of bystanders, who, in some cases want to avoid becoming the next victim. School bullying is a widespread issue that affects secondary school students in three essential parts of their lives; psychologically, educationally and professionally. Bullying is a sort of aggressive behaviour against others such as, verbal by calling nasty names, physical by kicking, pushing or tripping up and social by everyone stopped talking to you.

Academic achievement is the first aspect which influences bullying at school. therefore, bullied children live within fear, self-blame,  feel weak and it affects their personality traits and self-confidence, so this situation makes them unable to study well and they might hate going to school. Furthermore, they will lose their opportunities to participate with others or enjoy school activities. Hence, they will gain less academic performance and low educational attainment. There is a strong relationship between bullying and school quality such as class size, lack of library, sports facilities. Both bullies and victims feel more negative about school, and persistent bullying may lead to stress and depression. Bullying can lead to anxiety, low self-esteem, hopelessness and isolation. Children miss lessons or are scared to attend school. They lose concentration when they do attend. Some of the effects last long after the bullying, until they are adults.

One adverse effect of bullying is that it also leads to suicide. While suicide is rare in bullied children, the other effects of bullying are also devastating and last well beyond the time when the child is actually bullied. Many schools have a zero tolerance policy towards bullying, but sometimes have difficulty identifying the victims and the abusers because children are afraid to come forward. Bullying causes long-term problems such as depression and anxiety. In his essay “The long term effects of bullying”, psychologist Mark Dombeck relays his own bullying experiences as a child, as well as the experience of his patients and then, asserts that the anger, anxiety, and depression of that moment often lingers into adulthood, causing problems with keeping a job, forming relationship and even continued victimization in abusive relationship or work environment.

Students who are bullied cannot concentrate in schools, so their grades may be a warning sign that a student is being bullied. A child’s grade may also suffer if he or she misses a lot of school due to bullying. Children who are bullied will complain of headaches, stomachaches, and overall fatigue. This issues are usually caused by mental anguish that manifest in physical ailments. Students who are bullied often use physical complaints to get out of school. additionally, they may avoid infectious from holding crime during the day. A particularly unfortunate effect of bullying is that some children who are bullied go on to victimize and harass other children. In the same way that some student begin to bully at school because they are bullied at home, children who are bullied at school will begin to look for children more vulnerable than they are to bully. It is an effort to exert any power they may have over someone more vulnerable. A bullied children, may, at the demand of his own bully become a bully to another child.

In the light of this problem, the study is designed to assist students, teachers, parents, and concerned bodies on how to avoid bullying in some selected secondary school in Oredo Local Government Area of Edo State.

1.2     STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

This research is aimed at finding the causes and proposing solutions to bullying in the school environment. The problem will investigate into bullying by some set of students and the victims. Whether there are better supervisions during recess, launch time, and break time, whether there are class rules against bullying and class meetings. Whether there are creative solutions to helps students by classroom teachers, whether there are talks with targets, bullies and their parents.

1.3     PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

Having examined the problem to be investigated in the study, it is imperative to state the purpose of this study, hence these include;

i.            To find out the negative impact of bullying on students in schools in Edo State.

ii.           To find out whether students in Edo State are really bullied in schools.

iii.         To find out why the students are bullied.

iv.         To make recommendations on the ways to stop bullying.

v.          To find out the extent to which it has affected the academic performance in Edo State.

1.4     SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY

This research will enable those concerned know how to deal with the problem of bullying and its obvious consequences on school children. These include;

i.            It will enable the victims know why they are bullied and how to avoid being bullied.

ii.           Schools in Edo State will now adopt measures stated to avoid bulling in their schools.

iii.         The effects of bullying on students in Edo State will be better solved in the overall academic performance enhanced.

1.5     LIMITATIONS OF STUDY

This study is limited to some secondary schools in Oredo Local Government Area in Edo State. given that a sizeable number cannot be taken due to time, the study is limited only to ten secondary schools which will be randomly selected.

1.6     RESEARCH QUESTIONS
This research project hopes to provide answers to the following questions;

1.  Is there any difference between violence and school bullying?

2.  Can academic achievement take place without bullying?

3.  Does bullying affect students performance in schools?

4.  Does supervision reduce the effects of bullying?

1.7     SCOPE OF STUDY

This study includes ten (10) students from ten (10) schools that are mixed secondary schools. The f acts obtained will enable the researcher to see if some students are more bullied than others and the effects on the students.

1.  Osemwende Senior Secondary School.

2.  Joseph High School

3.  Mattphilo Secondary School

4.  Christ Mission School

5.  Rezheights high School

6.  Sound Mentality High School

7.  Charity high School

8.  Great Love High School

9.  Gold high School
Sunlight High School.

ATTITUDE OF PRIMARY SCHOOL HEADMASTERS TOWARDS SCHOOL INSPECTION

 

 

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The main purpose of this work is to examine the attitude of primary school headmasters towards school inspection in Ovia North East Local Government Area of Edo State. To be able to achieve the above purpose, the following test was carried out. The population of the study was collected from eight male headmasters and twenty two headmistress. Collection were also made from three groups of headmasters and headmistress. The instrument used for the study was the questionnaire which was validated by the supervisor. The headmaster was also interviewed while further relevant data was collected from the ministry of education. The data gathered were mainly analyzed by simple percentage techniques and the findings that: 1. There is no significant difference between male and female head in the perception of school inspection 2. There is no significance difference between experience and inexperienced primary school head in the perception of school inspection. 3. There is no significance difference in the perception of primary school head on school perception based on age the questionnaire was of two parts: Section A and B. section A was the instruction parts section b was concerned with the demographic data respondents, which consisted of sixteen questions.

 

The study further revealed the poor attitude of primary school heads towards school inspection. In the strength of these findings it was recommended that further research be carried out the examined if the present performance of pupils is influenced by the role of performance of school inspection.

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

In most developing countries of the world education is seen as an important instrument of change that could foster the socio-economic and political development. The need has led to the expansion of education to provide the much needed manpower. In other words, education plays a very important role in the development of nay nation and therefore occupies a position of high priority in the mind of its citizens. As recognized by Harrison (1974) the speed and facility with which any society progress toward solution to its political, social and economic problems are directed and positively related to the quality and quantity of education available to its people in other words the survival of any nation depends upon the effectiveness of its education enterprises.

Primarily education is the first stage of education and is acceptable key to success or failure of the whole educational system.

The primary school is recognized as a spring board to secondary and higher education particularly in Nigeria. Primary school level can be regarded as an instrument in socio-economic development process. Ti this end substantial sum of money are embarked in Nigeria government annual budget for the provision of education services in recognition of the importance of the primary school education to the federal government of Nigeria accorded it a place in the new national policy on education formulated in 1977 and reviewed in 1981.

The schools are becoming large and consequently more bureaucratic. A large number of teachers are either unqualified thereby placing a greater burden on the school heads who are trying to coordinate the school activity. The school system in Nigeria is a major industry catering for the mass education of its citizens to meet the demand and challenges of a changing world consequently the school system has become very complex requiring that report and budget for the various activity and program geared toward the maximum utilization of the scare resources goals these responsibility according to Aderoimu and Ehimentalor (1941) is primary those of administration and supervision in Nigeria for instance the Universal Primary Education school in 1955 opened that gateway to educational expansion although it was first practice in the scheme in the western region other regional government soon borrowed the idea. The introduction of the scheme in western region increased significantly the number of schools which are required to be inspected. Subsequently, military government in Nigeria sustained the idea it wax therefore not surprising when in 1976 then military government of Nigeria Gen. Olusegun Obasanjo declared free Universal Primary Education through out the country, coupled with this is the recent one also launched by retainers Gen. Olusegun Obasanjo free Universal Basic Education in the year 2000 throughout the country.

Free education should be provided for all citizens of age from primary to junior secondary schools level to foster rapid economic development, the aim of the scheme was to effect national development. The high increased in the number of teachers required for the programme to cope with the increase in the number of teacher to enhance teaching learning activities in the classroom. In Nigeria, the geographical division are on local government basis and each local government area office is headed by a Chief Inspector of Education. There are other subordinate workers working with the Chief Inspector among who are the Inspector of school.

Inspection was defined by Wiles (1969) pg. 46 as assistance in the development of a better teaching learning situation. Inspection therefore is recognized as a vital ingredient in enable the teaching learning process to thrive since it exports for the primary aim and improving the instructional programme of the school. Hence, good supervision is a pre-condition for an effective pupils’ teachers relationship which is indispensable for the success of any educational system. With the new 6-3-3-4 system and the ever growing demand for education there is the need for functional types of school inspection that would contributes of improving and maintaining standard in our school bases on the foregoing consideration the main objective of supervision in school has been spelt out as follows;

The establishment and maintenance of standard the control, comparison and corrective action for the purpose of attaining specific overall objective of the educational system. Ogunsaju (1983) education supervision perception and practice in Nigeria.

Inspite of the fact that some form of supervision is sometimes carried out by inspectors of education, headmaster and other to check the teaching learning process in the classroom, the Nigeria child having spent about six years in the primary school of twelve years including secondary school still perform relatively poor. There are good numbers of pupils who fail in the common entrance examination or West Africa School Certificate Examination with many getting a pass grade. It is therefore asserted that if the function of school inspections and the role of headmaster are properly spelt out, school in Edo State in particular Oredo which L.G.A. at the primary school level which is the block of a child education level help in maintain and improving standard in later years.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS

i. Inspection in school is concerned with the improvement of instructional ideas, which involves people administration supervisors, teachers, pupils, parents and other citizens it also involves curriculum, the subjection matter, its selection and arrangement.

ii. The content of inspections not only a body of techniques but also a substantial body of knowledge and understanding purpose should be the content of inspection in many situation where work done by group of people have to be effective as a unit.

iii. The falling standard in the educational system may not be unconnected with the poor quality of inspection and headmaster attitude towards school inspection specifically in ordered local government area of Edo State in particular, which is the area of study in question is to the school inspectors is do the school inspector in Ovia North East L.G.A. of Edo State have the right supervision concept and skills to carry out supervision? Is the present inspection division of the ministry of education and its total manpower to meet the needs of school that are continually expanding in the situation of limited personnel from the inspection instruction in school? It is the hope of the researcher that these problems would be solved be seeking answer to the following questions;

a) Is there any impact on day-to-day administration by the headmaster and the influence of school inspection in Ovia North East L.G.A. of Edo State?

b) Is there any difference between the headmaster and the headmistress attitude towards school inspection?

c) Does experience make any difference in the perception of obstacle that hinder effective inspection and headmasters attitude towards school inspection?

d) Is the any difference in the perception of the role of the school inspection based on age?

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

The purpose of the study is to determine the influence of the headmaster attitude towards school inspection in Ovia North East L.G.A. of Edo State.

The researcher would be interested in findings out whether;

a) The experience of the headmaster/headmistress affects the attitude towards school inspection

b) The sex of the headmaster/headmistress affects their attitude towards school inspection

c) The age of the headmaster/headmistress affect their role of school inspection

d) The location of the school affects the headmaster/headmistress attitude toward school inspection

e) The qualification of the school affects the headmaster/headmistress attitude toward school inspection

RESEARCH QUESTION

Specifically, the project will seek to find answer to the following research question;

i. What are the responsibilities of school inspectors?

ii. What are the attitudes of primary school head towards inspection?

f) Does the attitude of primary school of the school affects the headmaster/headmistress have effects on school inspection?

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

There seems to be general census among the public that the standard of education has fallen which they may have arrived at by comparing the academic achievement of primary school child today with that of yesterday performed better than today. Without the fallen standard at the primary level will sure affect the standard in the secondary school. These fear therefore add momentum to the need for adequate and positive contribution in the headmaster attitude towards the role of school inspection.

SCOPE OF THE STUDY

This study examined the headmaster attitude towards the role of school inspection as the occupies different position in educational system.

Therefore, some teachers, headmasters and headmistress were required to give information as regards the study. To study is limited to some selected primary schools in Ovia North East L.G.A. of Edo State.

FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR INDISCIPLINE AMONG PRIMARY SCHOOL PUPILS

This project is the factors responsible for indiscipline among primary school pupils in Ovia North East Local Government Area of Edo State was carried out in five schools in this very local government mentioned above. It deals mainly with the factors responsible for indiscipline among pupils. The project also contains the sample areas and that of sample subjects. Research instrument and procedure and the methods of data collections were through questionnaires which the pupils and teachers of the selected sampled areas were sampled. Furthermore, the analysis of the data of the information gathered during the research investigation and also on presentation of findings which are as follows was also stated which include; home background as one of the factors responsible for indiscipline among pupils in Ovia North East Local Government Area of Edo State, administration, lack of teaching aids, and wealth of parents contribute to indiscipline among pupils in primary school in the Local Government Area of study. All these factors had almost paralyzed educational development in this Local Government Area.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

       It is an accepted fact that children learned reflective, that is their moral conscience in works and that they waver in their obligation and attitude when they obey instructions. It is either because they have not the least doubt as to the importance of the command they have received or that they fear being reprimanded or punished for such disobedience. Adeyemi (1978) said that indiscipline is a behaviour among pupils who are maturing, seeking independence and looking for recognition as individuals. It may manifest itself in stealing, fighting resistance of authority, vandalism, shop lifting and truancy, noise making, examination malpractice etc.

We are aware that growth in crime, especially robbing with violence. Children delinquency and nation are all problems associated with indiscipline. There is a steady growth of vandalism in our schools and even at home. It is now fashionable in the country for school children to engage in all forms of indiscipline. All learning contains a measure of discipline the pupils is a learner and he is only too part of the community in which he lives (home and in the school). From the time a child first enters school and until he leaves it, his behaviour to a large extent is influenced by the growth change going on in his body. The child now needs to be guided or what he should do by parents, teachers and school authorities concerned.

Indiscipline among pupils in schools makes teaching uninteresting, especially when some children misbehave in schools. Teachers find it very hard to punish the children so as to deter them from such behaviour. Most of the problems people experience in their homes, at school and in the society as a whole arise from lack of self discipline or self control. On many occasions, nowadays the pupils will refuse to obey their teachers. It is my duty to identify factors responsible for indiscipline among pupils in primary schools in Ovia North East Local Government Area of Edo State.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

       The problems of indiscipline among primary school pupils in Ovia North East Local Government Area of Edo State in particular and Edo State at large is alarming. The back down in interpersonal relationship or in the observation of rules leads to disorder. Indiscipline among pupils may manifest in stealing, fighting, staying away from school, defiance of authority, vandalism, shop lifting and refusal to go to school. There are expression of defiance and resentment which disrupts normal school progress. Other problems that confront educational institutions are school dropout because of failure in school subjects. This unruly behaviour might be due to poor home background, peer group influence, mass media, drugs and maladministration on the part of the school authority.

With indiscipline among pupils in school in Ovia North East Local Government Area of Edo State, teachers do not have enough time for teaching and learning. This is a matter of concern. Besides, if not checked, pupils may graduate into audit criminals.

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

       The major objective or purpose of this study is to find out

1.  The incidence of indiscipline among primary schools in Ovia North East Local Government Area of Edo State.

2. Effects of indiscipline on children, teachers, parents, school administrations and the society.

3. Useful suggestions on how to tackle the problem of indiscipline in primary schools.

4. The indiscipline among primary school pupils could cause low academic performance of pupils in schools.

RESEARCH QUESTIONS

       The following research questions guide the researcher’s investigation.

1.  What are the factors responsible for indiscipline among pupils?

2. What are the effects of indiscipline among pupils in our educational system?

3. What measures have been taken to check alarming factors responsible for indiscipline among primary schools in Nigeria?

4. Has the measures taken been successful, if not, why?

5. To what extent do the pupils is been disciplined?

SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY

       The study will be useful to pupils, parents, teachers, school administrations and the community at large. Discipline in school will help in the following ways:

1.  Creating an atmosphere of peace and harmony among pupils.

2. Helping to develop sound and healthy mind which would have been otherwise destroyed.

3. Helping the nation to conserve resource, which would have been lost through willful distraction of properties and arson.

4. Enabling pupils to respect their parents, teachers and elders which is a necessary recipe for good and social development.

5. Fastening obedience thereby making people become law abiding and patriotic.

6. Pursuing grievances through constitutional means instead of resorting to  nothing.

This study will be of great benefit in the following areas by:

Improving discipline among pupils in school finding out ways to stop indiscipline among pupils in primary schools in Ovia North East Local Government Area of Edo State. Improving the quality of school administration in primary schools in Ovia North East Local Government Area of Edo State.

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THE EFFECT OF DRUG ABUSE AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS

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The purpose of the study is to look into the effects of drug abuse, its applications on students in some selected secondary schools in Egor Local Government Area of Edo State. In the light of the above topic or subject matter, attempts were made to find out the drugs commonly abused by students and the reasons why they are abused. As a result, the following questions were asked as a basis for our finding. 1. What is drug abuse? 2. Why do you think children abuse drug? 3. What are some of the effects of drug abuse on the user? 4. How do drugs affect the performance of students in schools? 5. As teachers and parents, what steps have you taken in controlling drug abuse? Literature was reviewed on the topic using relevant authors such as textbooks, journals and newspapers etc. Questionnaires were also made to collect vital information about the research study. Based on the findings, it was gathered that students who abuse drug do it because of friends, to make them bold.

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF STUDY

A drug can be defined as any chemical solid, liquid or amorphous substance derived from plants, animals or mineral resources which is applied externally or internally to cause some desirable effects.

Also, drug can be defined as a substance which by its chemical nature has an effect to open the body of higher nervous system (the mind) the effect of drug could be positive or negative.

POSITIVE EFFECTS OF DRUG

Drug when properly used or taking into a living organism, produces the desired result, and may modify one or more of its functional parts; it is usually prescribed by a medical practitioner. Such drugs or substances are either of vegetables, animals or mineral origin. They could be prepared for the human body that that produces the desired results into the treatment of diseases and ailment.

NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF DRUG (DRUG ABUSE)

The negative effect of drug is also referred to as drug abuse. Drug abuse is therefore defined as the excessive consumption of a drug by any individual. Drug abuse results when there is self injection or from the approved medical in a manner that deviates from the approved medical usage. Drug abuse is involved in the following:

1.  Excessive use of drugs and use of unprescribed drugs.

2.  Use of hard drugs.

Excessive use of drugs and use of unprescribed drugs

This is when an individual takes in drugs without following the current prescription of the doctor.

Use of hard drugs

Hard drugs are capable of affecting the state of the body or mind by either depressing or stimulating the central nervous system or producing other biochemical harm to the society at large.

According to Agwusike (1990), drug abuse is the use of drugs above the prescribed dosage and for the purpose other than for the original prescription.

Adi also defined drug abuse as self treatment of physical ailment which could result from ignorance. The society of doctors and pharmacists frowned at the uncontrollable ways and manners in which the drugs are sold to the public in our markets, and medical stores which are contributory factors to drug abuse. Uncivilized and developed nations, drugs other than those for common pain, cough and cold remedies are sold in a doctor’s prescription.

Drug abuse could be viewed from different perspectives depending on the focus under view. It could be described as a non medical use of drug, which may cause harm to the individual and the society. These could be drugs which do not conform to the society’s cultural norm of a society.

People generally misuse or abuse drugs because the substance alter the mode of behaviour of an individual. Over the years, the use of hard drugs like tobacco, sedatives, Indian hemp, cocoa leaves, alcohol, heroine, morphine, cocaine to mention but a few have drastically been on the increase especially in this part of the world (Africa). The dependence or addition, which is psychological, is characterized by the compulsion to take drugs on a continuous or periodic basis in order to experience its mental effect.

The history of drug abuse could also be traced to the urge of man wanting to have power to relieve tension, satisfy his needs obtained occasional release from problems and the need to find a cure to some ailments, all these have contributed to drug use and abuse. The use of drugs by man is as old as man himself. Man consumed the juices of opium poppies long before there were narcotics, such as morphine and heroine, man chewed cocoa leaf long before cocaine was extracted from both American cocoa plants. Man dried peyote castro long before they synthesized. Throughout recorded history, drug has been in use long before this medical and recreational intoxicating and self induced relief from psychic pain and emotion. The early history of drug is inseparable from the early history of medicine.

Most traditional drugs are always misused or abused because of lack of dosage to determine the quantity required by the users. The expiration period is never stated, substances that are today referred to as drugs originated from herbs and other natural chemicals, caffeine, which is the main ingredient in tea or coffee and nicotine as in tobacco or cigarette, is widely used as mind stimulant and tension relieving drugs. They are considered socially acceptable and used recreationally.

However, they produce dependence and are also known to cause harm. Other drugs, although are used medically for the treatment of one ailment or the other, may also cause problems for the individual. Examples of such drugs are psychoactive drugs or sedatives like valium and mogadon which are sleeping pills and pain killers which are medically prescribed but may be abuse thus causing dependence and harm.

CLASSIFICATION OF DRUGS

Drugs can be classified into the following viz;

1.  Stimulants such as tobacco, cocaine or coffee.

2. Depressant such as alcohol and other substances of depressants such as heroine, morphine and opiates.

3. Hallucinogens.

STIMULANTS

This kind of drug stimulates the nervous system of an individual to behave extraordinarily leading such individual to misbehave. The health implication is that the individual is acting on the influence of a cultivating factor such as tobacco, cocaine etc. Common incidence that happens around us today is on the influence of these stimulants and if care is not taken, could lead to mental disorder.

DEPRESSANTS

These are sleep inducing drugs. They are used to calm anxious and restless subjects. These are barbiturates and non barbiturates that are capable of producing some degree of depression of the central nervous system (CNS). They are the most dangerous drugs.

HALLUCINOGENS

These are substances that produce a state of altered perception and other alteration of mood such as illusion, hallucination. Examples of these drugs are lysergic acid diethyl lamine (LSD) phylogibin (extracted from innobrowi) magaline. Drug abuse has caused great problem to humanity. A lot of damages have been done to human health as a result of drug use and abuse and these damages could be mental, physical, emotional and psychological so that it has in a long way reduce life span of man. There are also social problems associated with drug use and abuse. They include high rate of crime, deformity either physically or mentally and affect unborn children whose mothers abuse drugs when they are pregnant. It can even lead to high rate of infant mortality in unborn babies or pregnant mothers when giving birth to mongoloid children.

Great misfortunes have resulted as a result of drug abuse e.g. series of road accidents that have claimed lives of men. Drug addicts when severely under the influence of drugs walked along the street half naked and perpetual acts like rape, assassination and murders.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Drug abuse is a pandemic problem even on the increases in an alarming rate in Nigeria today. About two decades ago, incidence of drug trafficking in Nigeria was low and abuse was minimal, but today drug has destroyed and killed many people in the society. Students in our secondary schools are not left out in this act. In view of this, the research is embarked on to highlighting the i8lls of drug abuse.

Over the years, it has been observed that students from secondary schools in Egor local government area of Edo state are in the form of drug addiction or the other as well as being involved in drug abuse. This research is therefore designed to view immediate causes and health implication of drug abuse among students in some selected secondary schools in Egor.

The researcher hoped that this research work would help the teachers, school authorities and the society at large to minimize the use and effects of drugs in schools. Also, this study will encourage the government of Egor local government area to establish drug rehabilitation centres with the help of the ministry of health and drug inspection unit (DIU) to care for addicts.

PURPOSE OF STUDY

The purpose of this study is to highlight the causes of drug abuse among students in some selected secondary schools in Egor local government area of Edo state by random sampling thus by taking from the beginning, middle and deep end of the local government. Although the4rer are books, magazines, articles and newspapers reports on drug abuse, no in-depth research has been conducted on the incidence of drug abuse in students and to recommend appropriate solutions to if possible. The researcher intends to engage the following:

a.  Find out the main causes of drug abuse on students.

b.  Determine the effects of these drugs on the students.

c.   Find out the influence of drugs on the students and the effect of drug abuse on the society.

d.  Find out the reasons why students abuse drugs.

e.  Find out the overall effects of the abuse of drugs on the students.

This study might also stimulate the researcher into areas of drug education or some aspects of drug use and abuse among students.

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

This study is aimed at investigating drug abuse and its health implication on students in secondary schools. The following therefore are some of the objectives at the end of the study.

1.  Students would be informed on the negative effects of drug use and abuse.

2.  Parents and teachers will be acquainted of their roles in curbing drug abuse from early childhood.

3.  More researchers will be encouraged to carryout research work on the causes of drug abuse and its remedy.

4.  Government will be able to make policies and laws that will prohibit the use of dangerous drugs.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The importance of this study is to provide resource materials for many that want to have deeper knowledge abou8t the causes, effect and control of drug abuse.

This research work will encourage organization like NAFDAC, NDLEA, health organizations like WHO, SHE and government parastatals to establish drug rehabilitation centres to help victims of drug abuse.

Moreso, the significance of this study is to outline its health implication amongst secondary school students, which will be centred on the following:

1.  To identify the causes of drug abuse among secondary school students.

2. To help reduce the hazard of drug abuse to minimum and to enlighten the teachers on how to educate their students and the society at large.

3. To reduce the incidence of rape among secondary school students.

4. To alert the government on how to control the abuse of drugs since the short term and long term effects are disastrous.

BASIC ASSUMPTIONS

The following are the basic assumptions made by the researcher.

a)  That the habit of addicting to drugs begins from the environment the child grew up in.

b) Students who use drugs are prone to disease attack.

c) Students use drugs and abuse them because they are easily available.

d) Use of drugs can lead to psychosis and premature death.

RESEARCH QUESTIONS

In the course of carrying out this research work, the research will attempt to proffer solutions to the following questions.

a)  What are the classes of drugs?

b) What drugs are commonly abused by students?

c) Why do students use drugs?

d) What are the causes of drug abuse?

e) What are the health implications of drugs abuse?

HYPOTHESIS

In order to achieve a purposeful result in this research, it is necessary to declare the following statements.

1.  Students engage in drug abuse in an attempt to cope with the opposite sex.

2. Most students abuse drugs in order to gain absolute self confidence amongst fellow students in class.

3. Drug abuse among students results from influence from friends and peer group pressure.

4. Students who abuse drugs are sure to suffer from mental, psychological and emotional problems

THE EFFECT OF HOME BACKGROUND ON PERFORMANCE OF STUDENT IN COMPUTER SCIENCE

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The subject matter of this research is the effect of home background on performance of student in Computer Science in College of Education Staff School, Benin City. The main objective of the research work is to enable us know the effect of home background on performance of students in Computer Science in College of Education Staff School, Benin City. The research methodology, primary data was used. The data were presented and analyzed, information was gathered from questionnaires. It was discovered in the course of study that home background affects the performance of students. This is due to low educational qualification, soci-o-economic states and large families. It was recommended that the government should give aids to the lower class families by giving them grants such as bursary and scholarship awards.

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The importance of education in the up-bringing of student cannot be over emphasized. It is a known fact that the children on students of today are the leaders of tomorrow. As matter of national priority, it is the fundamental responsibility of government to provide for the education of students, this will no doubt contribute to the overall growth and development and reduces the level of literacy to the barest minimum. In college of education staff school today, various subject like mathematics, English language, social studies, bible knowledge, elementary science, computer science are taught. These subject are reliant to our day to day development. These days emphasis is laid on both qualitative and quantitative education.

In Nigeria society inequality of educational achievement has been one of the recent years. No government has ever thought of what the home can recall help in the performance of students in schools. Teachers have always been seen as a role model and a person that can perform miracle to influence the academic performances of student hence parents and government tend to be arranged into different social state. It is clear that our societies are theoretically classified into groups, person and their families are associated with different social classes.

There is the existence of three types of homes, the non-abundant, middle and abundant families. The position ones hold, the occupation which one engage in the society, the privileges and prestige receives all help to sharpen one’s style of life. The presence of adequate potential techniques for helping the child to understand his world or cope with complex situation may have permanent effects in his life and academic achievement. Broken homes can also affect the performance of students in computer science and may have permanent effect in his life and academic achievements. The use of instructional materials may also affect performance of students in college of education staff school. In Nigeria, however, most school don’t offer computer science the reason been that they are not mature to offer computer science or do not have material to teach the students. Their attitudes and behavaiour are quite was patterned by the time they enter into school. The child’s response to school is highly dependent on these patterned attitudes and behaviour with this, it become necessary to undertake a student, the problem on the academic performance in computer science of students in schools.

Over the two decades, sociologist have tried to identify the effect of home background on the performance of student in schools. Woodruff (1961) is of the view that the influence of home has on the child’s learning is a great importance to his life, his value and most of his habits and basic adjustments are established during the pre-school years. This state shows that home plays a vital role in educational development of a student and his performance in schools. This is so because the home provide for a student primary socialization and information educated and it goes a long way to help his performance in computer science in school.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

In recent years, there has this assumption that the standard of education in Nigeria has fallen which manifest itself in poor performances of students. This has therefore led to a lot of argument of whom to blame, the teachers, the government, students, peer groups contributes to the student’s academic performance in computer science but the home into which the students is born nurtured and spends the most of his time is to be blame more because the home is the major contributor to the student performance in computer science in school. The research therefore coin at examining the effect of home background of student in school in College of Education Staff School, Benin City.

The research questions that will be required for the purpose of this study include the following:

1. Does home background affect the performance of student in computer science in College of Education Staff School?
2. Does socio-economic status of parents affect the student performance in computer science in college of education staff school?
3. Does the level of educational qualification of parents affect the student’s achievement in college of education staff school?
4. Does the size of the family, type, structure affect student’s performances?
5. Does the student from high and middle social classes achieve more than those from lower class?

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

The purpose of this study is to find out how home background affects the academic performance in computer science in college of education staff school, Benin City. It should be seen by those who could do something about it; educational planners, educational policy makers the universal basic education (UBE)  the government, parents, the college of education staff school management should do something that did not just evolve overnight, hence solution. It should be as elastic as its evolution.

SIGNIFICANT OF THE STUDY

This study will be of immense value to educational planners in designing school programme that are related to the family background of students such programme can help the disadvantaged students to catch up with their advantaged peers thereby improving the standard of education in the country. It is hoped that the findings of this study would help in identified the role of home background on students in schools. Every parents expect a good result from a child who attend school.

Student are successful in computer science when certain factors are put together ensuring that the student who attend schools, is well fed. Before he leaves the home the expected materials that will enhance learning at school is the students work regularly checked, does the parent over find time to check the child work, has the school facilities, equipments and materials that would aid teaching.

The government is not left out of it too. If the role of the home has been recognized in the nations education, therefore at the end of this project work, it is assumed that the government will assist parent guardian needs of the student wards.