A SURVEY OF CAUSES AND MODES OF EXPLOITATION OF STUDENTS BY TEACHERS

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From the research project which its topic is “a survey of causes and modes of exploitation of students by teachers schools”. Responses were gotten from 200 students collected randomly from various departments in the college. The instrument used in the study is questionnaires, which was distributed to the students to answer. The responses from the questionnaires were collected and computed into tables in percentage scores. The result of the findings shows that students are really exploited by teachers in many ways. Moreso, this exploitation of students by teachers has created some anxiety and frustration in the students and has lead them to all sorts of atrocities including prostitution. The researcher therefore recommended that the teacher should be paid their salary when due and expected. The school should also be adequately funded by the government. Finally, the teachers should act as a caretaker to their students.

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Exploitation of students by teachers is not a new phenomenon in our society. In the past, some students have been physically and emotionally exploited. Students are made to work in their teachers farm, carry firewood to their teachers house, fetching water for their teachers etc. nowadays, it is a different thin altogether, the act of selling monographs, and text books has given some bad impression on the lecturers manipulate and exploit the students to make their own money without considering the bad economic situation prevailing in Nigeria now. Again students are been exploited by paying one levy or the other like departmental, levy, test levy etc in the years past, when education was what it suppose to be, students were not being taxed for anything. Text books and handouts were given free of charge but now the reverse has been the case, teachers have turned our schools to become book shops where buying and selling of books are made available and compulsory in the name of money, both in primary and secondary level.

 

The indigent students that have no money to buy these books are being made to fail the course because of the fact that they could not purchase these books. Teachers also exploit the students through sexual harassment and sorting of result where the students are made to pay either in cash or kind. Students are no longer serious with their studies since they feel that if they are able to meet up with the demands of their teachers they pass. For the fact that this situation of exploitation has been a burden to students in secondary schools and tertiary institutions, parents and guardians who see to the education of their children and relations have little or no left over money with them due to the fact that the money were being taken away by teachers in one way or the other. Money used in the olden days to train three to four people in the university is now spent on one person.

 

 

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

 

The teachers who have made textbooks and handiwork compulsory in primary schools have created some anxiety and stealing into pupils, while in secondary and higher institutions have created also some anxiety and frustration into the students. I the sense that students are forced to have carryover by some lecturers that made their monographs and text books to be compulsory. These teachers go along way to prevent students from having their continuous assessment thereby making them to have incomplete results. This has created the act of do or die attitude towards students who have been seeking ways of passing their courses. This leads to student’s starvation and also make prostitution and promiscuity to become well pronounced especially in higher institutions. Because of this immoral attitude by teachers, a good number of students have fallen victims of contacting sexual transmitted disease as well as victims of unwanted pregnancy in our higher institutions of learning today. This study seeks to find out the different ways students are exploited by the teachers.

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY 

The purpose of this study is to find out the different ways students are exploited by their teachers but in specific terms this study wants to find out:

1.          Whether textbooks and handout are made compulsory for students by their teachers or lecturers.

2.           If the teachers make the students to have carryover in those courses.

3.          If the buying of monographs and textbooks are used as continuous assessment

4.          How this affect the students especially the female ones in higher institutions.

5.          If this exploitation by lectures contribute towards female prostitution in higher institutions.

6.          How this affects the families and to what extent the school authorities had addressed herself to this problems.

 

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The findings of this research may serve as an empirical data which might be useful as a basis for decision making ni matters affecting students exploitation by their lecturers. Results of this study will enlighten the students to put more efforts on their studies and avoid moving for the easy way out of difficulties.

The school administration may find the result of the research beneficial, as it well serve as a guide in creating a good standard and conducive environment for learning, with this findings also it will help and direct the curriculum planners plan well and as well have much learning facilities in the way that the students out reach be more emphasized. The findings will be a device for evaluating the efforts of school authority towards the achievements of good studying environment. The ministry of education may also through this finding be directed to the areas to focus attention to minimize the speed growth of student’s exploitation by their teachers in our various higher institutions of learning. The findings of this research will also serve as a clue to our guidance and counselling in educating our female students patterning the effect of prostitution.

RESEARCH QUESTIONS

1.          Do teachers really make their handout and textbooks compulsory?

2.          Do teachers fail students who do not buy their textbooks or handout?

3.          Do teachers use textbooks or handout as continuous assessment?

4.          Does this exploitation of students by teachers have any effect on the students?

5.          To what extent had exploitation acted as clog in the wheel of the prostitution and starvation of the students?

6.          To what extent had school authorities addressed herself to the problems of exploitation of students by teachers?

7.          Do parents feel happy spending money in training their children?

8.          Is sexual harassment one of the ways of exploiting students by lecturers?

SCOPE OF THE STUDY 

The study will cover the causes and modes of exploitation of students by teacher in Edo State;

FACTORS MILITATING AGAINST PUBLIC LIMITED COMPANIES: A CASE STUDY OF SOME SELECTED COMPANIES

 

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This study examined the concept of public limited companies and the problems affecting public limited companies. The scope of the study or the purpose of the study was to look into the factors militating against public limited companies in Edo state. The industrial location questionnaire (ILQ) was used for data collection as well as the survey method of research. The summary of findings revealed that the factors militating against public limited companies were high taxation irregular power supply, inadequate fund, etc. consequently the study concluded with some recommendation that government should formulate good policies that will help to enhanced the status quote public limited companies. That management of public limited companies should ensure that there is a free report between them and their employees.

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Public Limited Liability Company is sometimes refers to as joint stock company. This business concern is usually owned by individuals of organizations pooling resources together with the aims of maximizing profit. It is also worthy to note that the sales of shares to the public makes it a public limited company.

Ownership is usually not less than seven person public companies are forms when the capital required is so large that it cannot be raised solely through one individual. A public company has its shares quoted on the stock exchange for members of the public to invest in, and at the end of every financial years the public limited liability company publishes its financial statement for public consumption.

As stated earlier the aim of any business organization is to maximize profit, and in order to maximize this profit these companies are located in place having the most favourable economic condition. Location of companies or industries simply means the place where industries are sited or location of companies or industries are concentrated in one geographic location and this can be as a result of political factors or personal interest. Such companies are the textile factory, bear and soft drink companies.

In the private sector, the individual decision of location of industry is generally determined by profit maximization. But in the pubic sectors the government may locate a new plant in an area of high unemployment for political or social reasons. The location of industries in Nigeria has bought about greater achievement to the populate in the sense that it was helped so facilitate a lot of other subsidiary industries, created employment opportunities which has bought about increase in the per capital income and output of the country, which in actual sense is termed economic growth. Similarly industrial location exercises a lot of influence on the economic viability of a country.

For the objective of any industry to be achieved the industry or company must be favorable located.

1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

the researcher bought to find out the major factors influencing the location of Guinness Nigeria plc as we’ll as it problem

1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objective of this study includes to examine the concept of public limited companies. To examine the factors militating against public limited companies. To proffer solution to the problems identified.

1.4 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The scope of this study is to investigate into the factors militating against public limited companies hardly survive or even lend to fold up as soon as they state, due to some oblivious reason, hence the significance of this study.

Secondly the essence of this industrialist and the government to always put certain factors into consideration when sitting or locating an industry or company.

1.5 LIMITATION OF STUDY

The study will be carrying out among some selected companies in Edo state. The population in which this researcher’s work will be carried out will be small because of financial contrail.

1.6 DEFINITION OF TERMS

Public limited companies: This is government owner enterprise, it is an asset for the whole nation companies is a business organization that makes money by producing or selling good or services.

FACTORS INFLUENCING CULTISM IN SECONDARY SCHOOL

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Cultism is a small group of people who have extreme religious believes and not part of an established religion, which original object as turned into destruction? Cultism has destroyed so many lives, wasted so many families, aborted so many future makes our school or institutions of learning uncomfortable. Therefore it has to be completely eradicated totally from our society without knowing the cause of a problem, there is no way such problem can be solved. This study therefore focuses on the factors influencing the growth of cultism in secondary school using questionnaires administration, 40% of randomly selected secondary schools in Oredo Local Government Area of Edo State were sampled the findings revealed that parents, peer groups and power for protection, wealth are factors responsible for the growth of cultism in our country. Recommendations were made on how to totally eradicate cultism from our various secondary schools and society at large.

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The last two decade’s have witnessed secret cult violence in higher institution in Nigeria. Cult activities involve blood sharing and waste of human lives; have reached an alarming proportion in Nigeria society today. Media reports blaze the coverage of cult activities in educational institution in Nigeria. These include the activities in the University of Ibadan, Nsuka, Almadu Bello University, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ife, University of Benin and so on. Coverage also include the polytechnic such as Kwara state polytechnic, Oko polytechnic, Auchi Polytechnic the other polytechnic are not left out. The colleges of education are no exception, cult activities have been reported at the college of education etc.

Cult activities have continued to thrive in Nigeria due to the enormous impression of the seeming invisibility of cult and their members. A major factor working in the favour of cult group is mass ignorance on the part of students especially the new students who are hoodwinked and deceived to join them, secret cult societies could be traced down to the Egyptians. Cultism is the state or phenomenon where persons are bound together with a common belief or cause usually through some rituals. According to Oxford dictionary of current English 5^th edition the word “cult” mean a system of religions worship especially one that is expressed in rituals. From this definition cults now popularly know as confraternities, have assumed a monstrous features in our institution of higher learning. To this end therefore our various campuses, which were hitherto a mode of intellectual quest and social uplift most have become citadel of violence and terrorism.

The pertinent question that one may ask is the phenomenon of cult just entering our institution of higher learning? The answer is simply no. this is because international figure have been know t be members of the pirates confraternity in their college days or universities. Furthermore, when there was a violent clash between the Eiye confraternity and the Buccaneers at the universities of Ibadan in (1989) some notable professors and doctors at the institution were fond to the patrons and bankers of these cults. The implication is that these professors and doctors were members of these cults in their own college days. We find and disturbing trend of the proliferation of campuses cult in or institutions of higher learning, such cults are Viking the black axe, the morphine, the buccaneers, the pirates, the black arrow to mention but a few have become a familiar features in our institutions.

Additionally, the attention of the government and the society at large is the introductions of violent, savagery and terrorism into the present day cult a diametrical contrast to what obtained in yester – years. It is now common in or campuses that factors of naval cults violently clash even in broad day light and manta themselves down with dangerous weapons such as guns and daggers, nocturnal initiation ceremonies in which initiates are animalized and some of then die in the process making blood covenants and performing other occultic rituals, organized opposition against any kind of oppression real or imagined liberal consumption of alcohol, use of drugs, intimidation and use of violent, extortion, stealing, armed robbers, arson, sexual abuse and rape, examination malpractice, maiming, manslaughter and murder. The recent occurrence are the university of Ile-Ife, Benin Ekpoma, Ibadan and of the course college of educations to mention but a few artist to these facts. This is what as led to the pubic to speak against the societal evil calling to its total eradication.

 

STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS

The fundamental problems of cultism are the uncertain and unsafe atmosphere in schools due to the manner of operation is both sinister and bizarre living behind them a trial of destructions most distressing of the problem is the space of killing in our schools in recent times. Many lives have been terminated prematurely. The human carriage of supposed leaders of tomorrow is what is causing a lot of concern to both the government and the entire citizenry. Inspite of measures put in place by the various arms of government and social administrators aimed at combating the ugly trend of cultism. The phenomenon seems to be gaining more popularity and prominence on our secondary schools. What could be responsible for students belonging to the secret cult could it be that they want to acquire power, wealth or influence? Could it be influence fro the peer groups, could they be acquisition for protection, could it be that their parents influence them. The following are the research questions drawn which will lead to proper investigation to find solution to the problems of cultism in our secondary schools.

RESEARCH QUESTIONS    

1.          Does acquisition for power, wealth influence students to be involved in cultism?

2.          Does the influence of peer group a significant factor for joining cult?

3.          Does the parent’s involvement in cultism influence children to join cult?

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

This project work will be help to create awareness on the evils of secret cults in our institutions of learning as well as providing solutions to the problems, the only necessary ingredients are determination and constituency of the part of the authorities concerned to fight and uproot this social evils of cultism fro the schools system.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY 

On the completion of this project work. It will serve the purpose of guiding the individual in higher institutions into the school authorities and the government on how to find solutions to the prevailing problems of cultism in our schools. This study will provide in expository terms the causative factors that create the healthy climate that encourages the growth and spread of cultism in our institution or school. This will therefore provide planners and implementers of policies with the factors that influence cultism in schools. Factors known will enable them to combat cultism squarely and help eradicate the malaise that has become a canker worm in our secondary schools.

 

FACTORS AFFECTING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF UNIVERSAL BASIC EDUCATION IN SOME SELECTED PRIMARY SCHOOLS

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The purpose of this study was to find out the factors affecting the implementation of Universal Basic Education (UBE) in Uhunmwonde Local Government Area of Edo State. This study used teachers in the four selected secondary schools; structure questionnaires were used for collection of data. The collected data were organized using frequency tables, it includes personal contracts some Students and their teachers. All was to find their own opinion as regards to the implementation of UBE furthermore, the data collected was represented in tables and written statement was used to interpret them.

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The Universal Basic Education (UBE) is a broad concept and more ambitious programme than that of the universal primary education (UPE), the universal basic education is intended to inculcate more forcefully on the life of Nigerians than the universal primary education. Although the universal basic education is a programme, it also an educational programme for the acquisition of functional literacy and skills, the type of education that will inculcate an understanding of the need for unity such that is required in Nigeria the development of conduct and attitudes that can foster unity, patriotism and tolerance, special emphasis should be place on peace and unity, that unities us in our diversity. It is necessary to be noted what it takes to make a nation strong and self reliant, above all to impact into the citizenry a sense of belonging so as to make them for effective respond to their responsibility. Ernwaca us called upon to encourage and commission mere research in all aspect of UBE and devise ways to diffuse the funding to as wide audience as possible in order to stimulate policy and public dialogue.

The Nigeria educational system is guided by clearly defined aims and objectives, which are intended to mould the society into the defined form through the instrumentation of educational outcome from time to time and facilities a clear understanding of the successes status of our educational programme. Education is an instrument of social, mental and economic development, through which right values and attitude for proper development are inculcated. Educational innovation consequently evolves whenever there are deficiencies in or problem with the accomplishment of objectives. Among such innovation are the introduction of universal primary education (UPE), the 6-3-3-4 system of education, introducing technology, integrated science and so on and recently the universal basic education (UBE) was launched by president Olusegun Obasanjo in Sokoto on the 30 September 1999. The objectives of the programme include.

i.            Facilitation of growth and development

ii.           Enhancement of quality education for all citizens.

iii.         Addressing the implementation of educational policies designed to achieve the notable objectives in the national policy on education.

During the launching ceremony of the Universal Basic Education (UBE) the honorable minister of education in his speech stated that universal education in his speech stated that universal basic education is Nigeria response to the education for all nations of the global community. More so, the programme was envisaged to be a solid foundation for life along learning and evolution of Nigeria into a learning society in order to improve the average literacy rate of Nigerians from the current 51% to something close to 90%.

The primary and pre-primary level is very important because it is here the foundation should be consolidated at the junior secondary level of the programme. Despite the national policy on education (NPE) 1977m revised 1981, which has provided that the mother tongue be used as a medium of restriction to English in the upper primary classes most school around the country use English right from nursery and primary schools. Similarly, the policy provisions for these languages to be taught as school subject are not being implemented in most schools around the country. In nomadic and adult education, the intention is to give opportunity to those who by virtue of the culture and social economic background, were they are unable to benefit from the femoral education early in life are to be treated specially along with the deft and dumb disable and blind. The treatment revolved adequate materials for learning.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

This study intends to find out if:

1.          Lack of qualified teachers a problem facing the implementation  of universal basic education (UBE)

2.          If finance is a constraint to the implementation of universal basic education.

3.          Whether equipment/materials is a problem affecting the implementation of universal basic education.

4.          If the attitudes of students are problem affecting the implementation.

5.          If the attitude of parents towards the implementation of universal basic education (UBE)

6.          Beliefs are problem facing the implementation of universal basic education (UBE).

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

In connection with the statement of problem earlier state, the purpose of the study or investigating is to find out more about the problem facing or militating against the programme in Uhunmwonde Local Government Area.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

Teachers’ role in the universal basic education (U.B.E) has play vital and essential role to the societal progress. It is therefore factual that people need to acquire those proficiencies that are completely necessary for the development of the nation. It is important to know that the quality of education we have and ensue proper delivering if there is more qualified teachers.

RESEARCH QUESTIONS

The research question carryout is as follow

1.          Researchers looked at duller system within the classroom and suggested how to achieve more qualitative teacher, including individualized in structure used of child stimulation methods and participatory learner

2.          Many students addressed non-formal education. Suggesting that the curriculum of non-formal education ought to be enriched invade it more functional and relevant.

3.          Some studies noted the implementation of the non-formal section of UBE as it suffers constraints snob as fractural inadequacies and lack of adequately tramped teachers.

4.          The studies also noted global consensus and commitment to provide basic education for all universal basic education (UBE) programme in the implementation guidelines of the role of Nigeria primary school libraries in literacy and lifelong.

5.          A case is made for a better understanding of the armoire system so as ton be able to offer then education as envisaged by use the alinajiri who are usually erroneously seen as children begging for arms.

6.          A case of the enforcement of the universal basic education (UBE) law, stressing regretted the fact that basic education has not been well enforced education to the detriment of basic education which is the foundation for the child.

7.          A case of child abuse was also looked at, so as to find a solution to their problems to enable then to benefit from the UBE programme researches similarly call for greater effort towards implementing of UBE.

8.          Provision for extending education to street children out of school. Many studies also emphasizes that practical the learning the need to look, so as to carry out quality learning for the life of the child.

ASSUMPTION OF THE STUDY

In carrying out this research, the resea5rcher made the assumption that the information given by the respondents are related to a large extent, the true situation in the schools in Uhunmwonde Local Government Area of Edo State. The sample used for the study is representative of the student’s population in the local government area.

CAUSES OF POOR SANITARY CONDITION IN SOME SELECTED SECONDARY SCHOOLS

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he purpose of this study is to find out the causes of poor sanitary condition in some selected secondary schools in Egor local government area of Edo state and suggest possible solution to such poor sanitary condition. The population for the study consisted of pupils in some selected secondary schools in Egor local government area of Edo state. Data is presented and analyzed using simple percentage. Data were collected by mean of questionnaire, the response to and questionnaire revealed the following finds. That there are poor toilet facilities in the schools. That the school have inadequate water supply. That the school means of refuse disposal is inadequate. That there are bushy plots around the school compound. That most of the secondary school have no health teacher. The researcher made some recommendation to the school in order to promote the health standard in the secondary in the secondary schools in Egor local government area. It is my ardent hope that the recommendation made will be implemented by the relevant authorities concerned.

 

CHAPTER ONE

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Sanitation is the keeping of the environment clean. It can be at home, in the school in the place of work or in the market. Sanitation according to the oxford advance dictionary (2007) define sanitation as the equipment and system that keep places clean, especially by removing human waste: disease resulting from poor sanitation.

Laoye (1976) the importance of sanitation to any community or schools can not be over emphasized. It is away of controlling disease and disposal of refuse I the proper way. From the early time, man has made attempt to environment, but himself has also made the environment a greater threat to his health and life. Government and individual on their own have tried to improve the environmental sanitation, but this has given them a lot of problem to content with.

Infact, the cities are filled up with filthy materials while the rubbish and garbage in the dustbin are not cleared on time. This makes the environment so dirty that people who find themselves living in those areas caught in a web. There are poor storage facilities, inefficient collection and removal from our homes and schools to the depot e.t.c. this has resulted in various health hazards such as air pollution, water pollution and land pollution.

The sanitary condition of environment has become an issue of serious concern to Nigerians, especially with migration of people from rural to urban centre. The problem of environmental sanitation is essentially that of the individuals or family but without the government interference, there is bond to be indiscriminate dumping of refuse in our street, roads and open spaces.

Environmental sanitation (health) has been defined by the world health organization (1973), as the control of all factors in man’s physical development, “health and man” physical development health surreal.

So foluwa (1976) in his contribution to the problem of environmental sanitation, view it as it applies to the environment. He contends that research as revealed that health education seeks to enlighten the maintenance of health. He stressed further that the task force on environmental sanitation should be directed to all categories of people in the rural and urban centre. That is the labourers, market women as well as the professionals.

James (1978), advocated for the right attitude towards health practice. The situation in the school he emphasized should have adequate classrooms, spacious enough to accommodate a good number of students. Health hazard in the environment may constitute fatigue and strains which are against good health. A classical example is uwelu secondary schools were there is poor waste collection, inadequate water supply, poor citing of sewage disposal. This can affect the student psychological. It against this background, that the researcher felt the need to investigate the causes of poor sanitary condition in secondary schools, so as to find a lasting solution to those problems.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMS

The causes of poor sanitary condition has been a major problem in some selected secondary schools in Egor local government area in Edo state. And this include irregular payment of salary to the cleaner, when the toilet is not wash regularly, inadequate refuse disposal and when the bush are not cleared.

Firstly irregular payment of salary to the cleaner is one of the major problem whereby the person in change of the cleaning are not payed, he or she can lead to poor sanitary condition where by the environment become filthy.

Secondly. When the toilet is not wash regularly it can also lead to poor sanitary condition whereby the toilet is not washed daily and flies will be patching on it and this can lead to toilet infection.

Thirdly, inadequate refuse disposal is one of the major problem where by the school do not provide dustbin for refuse dump. It can also lead to poor sanitary condition.

Fourthly when the bushes are not cleared on time it can also lead to poor sanitary condition whereby the bush can attract snake to the school premises.

This has lead to the study of the causes and effect and possible solution to poor sanitary condition problems in Egor local government area of Edo state.

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

The purpose of this study is to determine the causes of poor sanitary condition in some selected secondary school in Egor local government area of Edo state.

1.  To investigate the causes of poor sanitary condition in secondary schools in Egor local government area.

2.  To promote the development and proper use of health services.

3.  To highlight preventive measure in environmental hygiene.

4.  To make suggestion on how the health standard in secondary schools in Egor local government will be improved upon. 

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study shall throw more light on the relevance of sanitation to the schools and community, with a view of finding possible way that will be used in improving the health status, standard and condition reached and maintain by the people. This shall explain more on the causes of poor sanitary condition in some selected secondary school in Egor local government area of Edo stare.

Also this project shall serve as a useful material for school administration on knowing the causes of poor sanitary condition and the possible solution to the causes of sanitary condition.

This study shall also serve as a useful material for the government on resolving the causes of poor sanitary condition.

Finally, this study shall be of great relevance to the tertiary instution student and general public.

RESEARCH QUESTION

1.  Is there a regular and adequate refuse disposal in your school?

2.  Is there a regular water supply to the school?

3.  Are there under developed plots around your school?

4.  Are the toilet facilities in your school very poor?

5.  Is the school compound flooded during the rainy season?

SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The study is intended to be carried out with particular reference to some selected secondary schools in Egor local government area. The following schools are:

1.  Uwelu secondary school

2.  Army day senior secondary school

3.  Golden touch secondary school

4.  Hilltop secondary school.

ASSUMPTION OF THE STUDY

The researcher assumed that

1.  Most of the schools have no proper disposal of refuse.

2.  Most of the classroom are over crowed

3.  The school have poor site of sewage disposal

4.  The schools have poor drainage system.